EP1455919A1 - Procede d extraction de l iode - Google Patents
Procede d extraction de l iodeInfo
- Publication number
- EP1455919A1 EP1455919A1 EP02799768A EP02799768A EP1455919A1 EP 1455919 A1 EP1455919 A1 EP 1455919A1 EP 02799768 A EP02799768 A EP 02799768A EP 02799768 A EP02799768 A EP 02799768A EP 1455919 A1 EP1455919 A1 EP 1455919A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- iodine
- aqueous solution
- extraction
- extraction method
- solution
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
- G21F—PROTECTION AGAINST X-RADIATION, GAMMA RADIATION, CORPUSCULAR RADIATION OR PARTICLE BOMBARDMENT; TREATING RADIOACTIVELY CONTAMINATED MATERIAL; DECONTAMINATION ARRANGEMENTS THEREFOR
- G21F9/00—Treating radioactively contaminated material; Decontamination arrangements therefor
- G21F9/04—Treating liquids
Definitions
- the subject of the present invention is a process for extracting iodine, in particular radioactive iodine 129 from an aqueous solution containing it, into an organic phase, optionally followed by a second extraction of the iodine contained in the phase organic to an aqueous phase, called the aqueous re-extraction phase.
- Such a process finds its application in particular in the treatment of aqueous solutions coming from installations for the reprocessing of spent nuclear fuels, containing iodine in its radioactive form.
- iodine can take various forms, such as molecular iodine, iodides, iodates.
- the iodine is almost completely transformed into molecular iodine and tends to get desorbed from the dissolving solution and therefore contaminate the workshops of treatment, through which the dissolution solution passes.
- the idea is to not leave in the above-mentioned dissolution solution an amount of iodine greater than that corresponding to the release authorizations. Before being transported to the treatment workshops, the dissolution solution is thus brought to undergo an iodine extraction phase.
- the extraction of iodine from an aqueous solution is carried out by a liquid-liquid extraction process.
- chloroform is a radiochemically unstable solvent and has too high a solubility in water to constitute a stable liquid membrane.
- this solvent is much too volatile, to be used in a closed reactor, as is the case for the extraction of radioactive iodine.
- the object of the present invention is therefore a process for the extraction of iodine, which makes it possible to obtain excellent results of transfer of iodine from a first aqueous phase to an organic phase, and which does not present the problems of volatility of the organic phase. In addition, it leads to excellent reversibility of iodine retention in the organic phase, for possible re-extraction to a second aqueous solution.
- the invention relates to a process for extracting iodine from a first acidic aqueous solution, in which said first aqueous solution is brought into contact with an organic phase comprising an organic solvent chosen from a group consisting of : - the compounds of formula
- the method further comprises a step of bringing said organic phase containing iodine into contact with a second aqueous solution containing a mineral base, called re-extraction solution, in order to reextract the iodine in said second aqueous solution.
- the process is based on the principle of extraction-re-extraction.
- the iodine present in the first aqueous solution in the majority form of molecular iodine due to the acidity of the medium, is extracted from the first aqueous phase by the organic phase.
- the iodine contained in the organic phase can be re-extracted with a second basic aqueous solution and is therefore trapped in said solution, in the form of sodium iodide.
- This solution can then be processed for packaging.
- the method according to the invention has the advantage of using organic solvents which are insoluble in water, which avoids mixing of the phases during the implementation of the method, and which are not very volatile, which makes it possible to '' avoid the risk of overpressure, when the process is carried out in a closed reactor.
- the retention of iodine, with the use of solvents in accordance with the invention is reversible, which makes it possible to efficiently re-extract the iodine from the organic phase.
- said first aqueous solution is brought into contact with one of the faces of a membrane microporous supporting said organic phase and the opposite face of said microporous membrane is brought into contact with said second aqueous solution.
- the microporous membrane can be made of polymer, for example polyethylene, polysulfone, polypropylene, polyvinylidene fluoride or also polytetrafluoroethylene.
- a thin membrane for example 25 ⁇ m, of high porosity, for example around 45%, with pores of very small dimensions, for example 0.4 ⁇ m in length and 0.04 ⁇ m, is used. width.
- the microporous membrane is made of polypropylene.
- This material has the advantage of being resistant to organic solvents used in the context of the invention, but also to very acidic or very basic aqueous solutions used in the context of this invention.
- Such membranes are, for example, sold under the brand name CELGARD®.
- said organic solvent is preferably 1, 2-nitrophenylhexylether, known under the abbreviation 1,2-NPHE or 1,2-nitrophenyloctylether, known under the abbreviation 1,2-
- NPOE NPOE
- These solvents have the advantage of being radiochemically stable in the presence of nitric acid under irradiation. Thus, for example, 1,2-NPOE remains stable.
- These solvents also have the advantage of being insoluble in water, which leads, when the process is carried out using a membrane, to the formation of a very stable supported liquid membrane.
- these solvents have a high affinity for iodine, which makes it possible to extract iodine from the first aqueous solution efficiently.
- These solvents also have the advantage of not hindering the reversibility of the iodine retention and therefore facilitate, if necessary, the re-extraction of the iodine to the second aqueous solution.
- the first aqueous solution can be a nitric acid solution having an acid concentration ranging from 1 to 5 mol / L.
- the mineral base of the second aqueous solution is preferably sodium hydroxide, at a concentration, for example, ranging from 0.01 to 2 mol / L.
- the presence of soda, at the level of the second aqueous solution facilitates the re-extraction of iodine, by formation of sodium iodide soluble in the aqueous solution.
- the second aqueous solution may contain a reducing agent, for example, sodium borohydride at a concentration for example, ranging from 10 "3 to 10 " 1 mol / L.
- the presence of a reducing agent contributes to accelerating the kinetics of iodine re-extraction in the direction of the second aqueous solution, by promoting the reduction of molecular iodine to iodides, said iodides being by nature soluble in the aqueous phase.
- the method according to the invention can advantageously be applied to the extraction of radioactive iodine, such as 129 I.
- microporous membrane supporting the organic phase When the invention uses a microporous membrane supporting the organic phase, it can be placed in a reactor in order to separate it into two compartments, the first compartment in contact with one of the faces of the membrane containing the first aqueous solution containing iodine and the second compartment in contact with the other face of the membrane containing the second aqueous solution called re-extraction.
- microporous membranes can be used in the form of modules such as ultrafiltration modules.
- FIG. 1 is a graph illustrating the evolution of the quantities of iodine extracted (curve a) and re-extracted (curve b) in% as a function of time, when the process uses a microporous membrane impregnated with 1,2-NPHE, from an acidic aqueous starting solution containing iodine 12 ⁇ I at a content of 1500 kBq / L.
- curve a iodine extracted
- curve b re-extracted
- FIG. 2 is a graphite illustrating the change in the quantities of iodine extracted (curve a) and re-extracted (curve b) in% as a function of time, when the process uses a microporous membrane impregnated with 1,2-NPHE, from an aqueous acidic starting solution containing iodine 125 I at a content of 1500 kBq / L, to which is added, in order to increase the overall iodine content, a solution of hydroiodic acid to 10 "3 mol / L.
- 1,2-nitrophenylhexylether (1,2-NPHE) is used as organic solvent.
- the distribution coefficient D ex of iodine between the first aqueous solution and the organic phase is measured, this coefficient - corresponding to the ratio of the concentration of iodine in organic phase to the concentration of iodine in aqueous solution at equilibrium.
- the iodine concentrations are measured by gamma spectrometry.
- the value of the iodine distribution coefficient, in the context of this example, is 3, which corresponds to 75% extraction.
- the organic phase is brought into contact after extraction and after elimination of the first aqueous solution, with a second aqueous re-extraction solution, said solution being an aqueous sodium hydroxide solution, the volumes of organic phase and of re-extraction solution being substantially equal.
- COMPARATIVE EXAMPLE 1 In this example, the same procedure is used as in Example 2 and various tests are carried out with organic solvents, alcohols such as hexanol, octanol, isotridecanol, a carboxylic acid such as hexanoic acid, a ketone such as 4-methyl-1,2-pentanone, an ester such as butyl acetate.
- organic solvents alcohols such as hexanol, octanol, isotridecanol, a carboxylic acid such as hexanoic acid, a ketone such as 4-methyl-1,2-pentanone, an ester such as butyl acetate.
- Example 2 the procedure of Example 1 is repeated, with a sodium hydroxide re-extraction solution at 10 "1 mol / L and containing sodium borohydride at a concentration of 10 " 3 mol / L.
- the iodine distribution coefficients are as follows:
- the iodine distribution coefficients are as follows:
- the iodine distribution coefficient for the re-extraction close to 0 thus shows that the addition of a reducing agent has no influence on the re-extraction of the iodine from the hexanol.
- a microporous membrane impregnated with an organic solvent is used, said membrane ensuring the separation between the first acidic aqueous solution containing iodine and the second basic aqueous solution, of re-extraction.
- the first aqueous solution is a 3 mol / L nitric acid solution containing iodine at a content of 1500 kBq / L.
- the membrane is impregnated with 1,2-NPHE.
- the second aqueous solution is a 10 "1 mol / L sodium hydroxide solution.
- example 7 the procedure of example 7 is repeated, except that in the first aqueous solution, a 10 "3 mol / L hydroiodic acid solution is added, in order to increase the overall content. iodine of said solution and that the second aqueous solution is a sodium hydroxide solution at 0.44 mol / L.
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- High Energy & Nuclear Physics (AREA)
- Separation Using Semi-Permeable Membranes (AREA)
- Extraction Or Liquid Replacement (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR0115722A FR2832997B1 (fr) | 2001-12-05 | 2001-12-05 | Procede d'extraction de l'iode |
FR0115722 | 2001-12-05 | ||
PCT/FR2002/004152 WO2003047716A1 (fr) | 2001-12-05 | 2002-12-03 | Procede d'extraction de l'iode |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP1455919A1 true EP1455919A1 (fr) | 2004-09-15 |
EP1455919B1 EP1455919B1 (fr) | 2011-02-09 |
Family
ID=8870134
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP02799768A Expired - Lifetime EP1455919B1 (fr) | 2001-12-05 | 2002-12-03 | Procede d extraction de l iode |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP1455919B1 (fr) |
JP (1) | JP4528914B2 (fr) |
AU (1) | AU2002364413A1 (fr) |
DE (1) | DE60239153D1 (fr) |
FR (1) | FR2832997B1 (fr) |
WO (1) | WO2003047716A1 (fr) |
Families Citing this family (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP4653968B2 (ja) * | 2004-04-28 | 2011-03-16 | 富士フイルムファインケミカルズ株式会社 | 無機ヨウ化物の回収方法 |
KR101619073B1 (ko) | 2014-09-05 | 2016-05-10 | 한국원자력연구원 | 휘발성 방사성물질의 재휘발을 억제하는 이중 스크라바 장치 |
Family Cites Families (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR2452465A1 (fr) * | 1979-03-30 | 1980-10-24 | Ugine Kuhlmann | Procede d'extraction de l'iode |
JPS5640777A (en) * | 1979-09-11 | 1981-04-17 | Nippon Atom Ind Group Co Ltd | Preprocessing method of radioactive iodine in atomic reactor cooling water |
BG35207A1 (en) * | 1981-12-18 | 1984-03-15 | Bojadzhiev | Method for effecting mass transport between three liquid |
JPS6351904A (ja) * | 1986-08-21 | 1988-03-05 | Kurita Water Ind Ltd | 抽出装置 |
JPH06157006A (ja) * | 1992-11-13 | 1994-06-03 | Godo Shigen Sangyo Kk | 有機沃素化合物を含有する廃液から沃素を回収する方法 |
-
2001
- 2001-12-05 FR FR0115722A patent/FR2832997B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2002
- 2002-12-03 DE DE60239153T patent/DE60239153D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2002-12-03 WO PCT/FR2002/004152 patent/WO2003047716A1/fr active Application Filing
- 2002-12-03 JP JP2003548966A patent/JP4528914B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2002-12-03 AU AU2002364413A patent/AU2002364413A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2002-12-03 EP EP02799768A patent/EP1455919B1/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
See references of WO03047716A1 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
JP4528914B2 (ja) | 2010-08-25 |
WO2003047716A1 (fr) | 2003-06-12 |
DE60239153D1 (de) | 2011-03-24 |
FR2832997A1 (fr) | 2003-06-06 |
JP2005511268A (ja) | 2005-04-28 |
FR2832997B1 (fr) | 2004-05-14 |
EP1455919B1 (fr) | 2011-02-09 |
AU2002364413A1 (en) | 2003-06-17 |
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