EP1449965A2 - Actuator of vibrations for compacting soil - Google Patents

Actuator of vibrations for compacting soil Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1449965A2
EP1449965A2 EP03026486A EP03026486A EP1449965A2 EP 1449965 A2 EP1449965 A2 EP 1449965A2 EP 03026486 A EP03026486 A EP 03026486A EP 03026486 A EP03026486 A EP 03026486A EP 1449965 A2 EP1449965 A2 EP 1449965A2
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
unbalanced
vibration excitation
shafts
excitation device
unbalanced shafts
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP03026486A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP1449965A3 (en
EP1449965B1 (en
Inventor
Niels Laugwitz
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Bomag GmbH and Co OHG
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Bomag GmbH and Co OHG
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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D3/00—Improving or preserving soil or rock, e.g. preserving permafrost soil
    • E02D3/02—Improving by compacting
    • E02D3/046—Improving by compacting by tamping or vibrating, e.g. with auxiliary watering of the soil
    • E02D3/074—Vibrating apparatus operating with systems involving rotary unbalanced masses
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B06—GENERATING OR TRANSMITTING MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS IN GENERAL
    • B06B—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR GENERATING OR TRANSMITTING MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS OF INFRASONIC, SONIC, OR ULTRASONIC FREQUENCY, e.g. FOR PERFORMING MECHANICAL WORK IN GENERAL
    • B06B1/00—Methods or apparatus for generating mechanical vibrations of infrasonic, sonic, or ultrasonic frequency
    • B06B1/10—Methods or apparatus for generating mechanical vibrations of infrasonic, sonic, or ultrasonic frequency making use of mechanical energy
    • B06B1/16—Methods or apparatus for generating mechanical vibrations of infrasonic, sonic, or ultrasonic frequency making use of mechanical energy operating with systems involving rotary unbalanced masses
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S37/00—Excavating
    • Y10S37/903—Scoop or scraper attachments
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T74/00—Machine element or mechanism
    • Y10T74/18—Mechanical movements
    • Y10T74/18544—Rotary to gyratory
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T74/00—Machine element or mechanism
    • Y10T74/18—Mechanical movements
    • Y10T74/18544—Rotary to gyratory
    • Y10T74/18552—Unbalanced weight

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a vibration exciter device for use in a soil compaction machine, such as a vibrating plate or a roller, with a Vibration excitation device, a first pair of unbalanced shafts and a tilting moment compensation device.
  • Conventional soil compaction machines for example reversible vibratory plates as well as vibratory rollers, are used to generate directional vibrations with a opposed pair of unbalanced shafts.
  • the unbalances of the two shafts rotate synchronous but with opposite direction of rotation.
  • a phase shift can result in a desired directional vibration direction can be set and a directional forward or Backward movement of the soil compaction machine can be generated.
  • a vibration plate which is used to suppress a such a tilting moment has a tilting moment compensation device. It includes a central unbalanced shaft between a pair of unbalanced shafts.
  • the unbalance mass of the central unbalanced shaft is as large as the total unbalanced mass of the unbalanced shaft pair.
  • the central unbalanced shaft rotates in the opposite direction to the pair of unbalanced shaft rotating in the same direction, where the speed of all unbalanced shafts is synchronous. By this arrangement no undesired tilting moment occurs.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a soil compaction machine at the entrance mentioned type to improve and a simple and inexpensive alternative to the previously known Tilting moment compensation device for use in a soil compaction machine to accomplish.
  • This object is achieved in that as a tilting moment compensation device in A second unbalanced shaft pair is arranged next to the first unbalanced shaft pair in the axial direction is.
  • the first and second pair of unbalanced shafts rotate in opposite directions and diagonally opposite unbalanced shafts rotate in the same direction.
  • the invention has the advantage that there are undesirable force components and torques cancel each other out so that no tilting moments occur.
  • Another advantage of the invention is that the vibration exciter from similar components is simple and symmetrical, so that cost advantages are achieved. Since the Total unbalanced mass distributed over four shafts, the total unbalanced mass can be increased or the unbalanced shafts can be dimensioned smaller.
  • the unbalanced shafts do not have to be aligned next to each other in pairs, but instead the unbalanced shafts of the one unbalanced shaft pair can become the unbalanced shafts of the other unbalanced shaft pair to be offset axially parallel with crosswise symmetry.
  • crosswise symmetry is understood here as an arrangement in which the diagonally opposite Unbalance shafts to the crossing point of their connecting lines in pairs are arranged symmetrically.
  • the axis-parallel offset can take place within the same plane or out of the plane. For example, a left rear imbalance shaft could lag behind by a certain amount be at the top. Then the front right unbalance shaft would have to be adjusted by the same amount be offset below to create the required symmetry. It can also be advantageous be that the distances of the diagonally opposite unbalanced shafts differ are.
  • the diagonal unbalanced shafts can be driven separately.
  • the diagonal unbalanced shafts are rotatably coupled, for example via a gear. This has the advantage that the diagonal unbalanced shafts have the same direction of rotation and the same Always maintain the speed of rotation and thus the functionality and the tilting moment compensation always ensure.
  • the synchronization is further simplified by that all unbalanced shafts are rotatably coupled.
  • the transmission has two connected crown wheels and engaging spur gears on the unbalanced shafts.
  • the advantage is here in that a gearbox is created from relatively few, simple and known components that ensures the function of the device.
  • the transmission is preferably operatively connected to a single drive. That has the Advantage that the functions have the same direction of rotation and the same speed of the unbalanced shafts can be maintained and additional drives can be saved.
  • each unbalanced shaft pair has an unbalanced shaft with variable phase position.
  • a synchronization device is also preferred for synchronous adjustment of the phase position available. It can either common phase adjustment of both unbalanced shaft pairs or for independent Be phase adjustment trained.
  • a particularly preferred further training consists in that the synchronizing device has a hydraulically operating current divider.
  • FIG. 1 shows a first vibration excitation device driven by a drive 1 a soil compaction machine in parallel to a first pair of unbalanced shafts 2 laterally offset in the axial direction a similar second unbalanced shaft pair 3 as Tilting moment compensation device is arranged.
  • Each unbalanced shaft pair 2, 3 comprises two axially parallel, counter-rotating unbalanced shafts 4, 5 or 4 ', 5' with the same unbalanced masses 9, 10, the unbalanced masses 9, 10 of a pair of unbalanced shafts 2, 3 for generating out of phase Centrifugal forces are arranged offset in angle.
  • the unbalanced shaft pairs 2, 3 lie in such a way that their unbalanced shafts are aligned in pairs. Furthermore lie Imbalance shafts in the same direction of rotation diagonally opposite. Imbalance shafts rotating in the same direction 4, 4 'on the one hand and counter-rotating unbalanced shafts 5, 5' on the other hand Straight ahead each same phase position.
  • the phase positions are different for a steering movement adjustable.
  • the unbalanced shafts 4, 4 ', 5, 5' are in the by a positive force transmission means Coupled non-rotatably with each other that the directions of rotation and phase assignments ensured are.
  • the power transmission means in the present example is a double crown gear 25 trained. Its non-rotatably connected crown gears 6 mesh on both Pages each with a spur gear 7 and a counter spur gear 8. Die Spur gears 7 and 8 are rotatably connected to the unbalanced shafts 4, 4 'and 5, 5'.
  • the drive 1 acts on the crown gear via the unbalanced shaft 4.
  • the unbalanced shafts 9, 10 are held by bearing elements 12, for example cylindrical roller bearings.
  • the diagonally opposite unbalances of the unbalanced shafts 5, 5 ' can be in their phase position alone or together with respect to the other imbalances can be changed by the relevant unbalanced masses 10 are offset on their unbalanced shafts 5, 5 '.
  • two hydraulically operated twisting devices 11 are used, which are located on the front side of the Unbalance shafts 5, 5 'are arranged.
  • the two diagonally opposite unbalanced shafts 10 are simultaneously in their phase position adjusted, the direction of the resulting centrifugal force changes. That changes the direction of vibration and the soil compaction machine also move forward or backward. If only one of the two waves 10 is changed in its phase position, one arises Steering movement.
  • FIG 2 shows the mode of operation of the vibration excitation device in a three-dimensional, schematic representation illustrated.
  • eight phase positions a) to h) are shown in FIG Imbalances are shown in the course of a complete shaft revolution. Filled in black Points represent the respective angular positions of the unbalanced masses 9, 10.
  • the unbalance masses 9 turn clockwise, indicated by the curved direction arrow 13, and the unbalance masses 10 rotate counterclockwise, indicated by the direction of rotation arrow 14.
  • the unbalanced masses 9, 10 of a pair of unbalanced shafts 2 or 3 each phase-shifted by 90 °. Have diagonally opposite unbalanced masses same phase.
  • centrifugal forces of a pair of unbalanced shafts are each one resulting Centrifugal force summarized and shown as a solid black arrow 15, 16.
  • the Arrows 15, 16 are plotted and point at the point of application of the resulting centrifugal force each in the direction in which the resulting centrifugal force acts.
  • the length of the Arrow represents the magnitude of the force.
  • the arrow 15 denotes the resulting centrifugal force 15 of the unbalanced shaft pair 2 and the arrow 16 the resulting centrifugal force 16 of the other Unbalance shaft pairs 3.
  • the starting position according to FIG. 2a) shows the beginning of the rotational movement.
  • On the back Longitudinal axis 18 rotates the unbalance 9 clockwise around the transverse axis 19.
  • the unbalance 10 rotates counterclockwise around the transverse axis 20.
  • the resulting centrifugal force 15 of rear imbalance shaft pair 2 engages at the intersection of the longitudinal connection axes 18 and 19 on and acts obliquely downwards in the x-z direction, i.e. towards the underground.
  • the resulting centrifugal force 16 of the one located on the front longitudinal axis 17 is directed Unbalances 9 and 10 of the second unbalanced shaft pair 3.
  • the resulting centrifugal force 16 attacks at the intersection of the longitudinal connection axes 17 and 20. Because both result Centrifugal forces 15 and 16 are the same size and are directed parallel, no tilting moment occurs.
  • the unbalanced shafts are 4, 5 of a pair of unbalanced shafts 2 to the unbalanced shafts 4 ', 5' of the other Unbalanced shaft pair 3 offset axially parallel with crosswise symmetry.
  • the crosswise Symmetry results from the fact that the diagonally opposite unbalanced shafts 4,4 '; 5, 5 'to the crossing point 30 of their connecting lines 31, 32 arranged symmetrically in pairs are.
  • Fig. 3 illustrates an arrangement offset spatially upwards and downwards axially parallel the diagonally opposite unbalanced shafts 5, 5 'to the others lying in one plane diagonally opposite unbalanced shafts 4, 4 '.
  • the offset Vo up and the Offset Vu down are the same.

Abstract

A vibration exciter has two pairs of unbalanced shafts (2,3) arranged beside each other as such that unbalanced shafts (4,4',5,5') in both pairs are diagonally spaced from each other and rotate in the same direction.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft eine Schwingungserregervorrichtung zur Verwendung in einer Bodenverdichtungsmaschine, wie zum Beispiel einer Rüttelplatte oder einer Walze, mit einer Schwingungserregervorrichtung, einem ersten Unwuchtwellenpaar und einer Kippmoment-Ausgleichsvorrichtung.The invention relates to a vibration exciter device for use in a soil compaction machine, such as a vibrating plate or a roller, with a Vibration excitation device, a first pair of unbalanced shafts and a tilting moment compensation device.

Herkömmliche Bodenverdichtungsmaschinen, beispielsweise reversierbare Vibrationsplatten sowie Vibrationswalzen, sind zur Erzeugung von gerichteten Schwingungen mit einem gegenläufigen Unwuchtwellenpaar ausgestattet. Die Unwuchten der beiden Wellen rotieren synchron aber mit entgegengesetzter Drehrichtung. Durch Phasenverschiebung kann eine gewünschte, gerichtete Schwingungsrichtung eingestellt werden und eine gerichtete Vorwärtsoder Rückwärtsbewegung der Bodenverdichtungsmaschine erzeugt werden.Conventional soil compaction machines, for example reversible vibratory plates as well as vibratory rollers, are used to generate directional vibrations with a opposed pair of unbalanced shafts. The unbalances of the two shafts rotate synchronous but with opposite direction of rotation. A phase shift can result in a desired directional vibration direction can be set and a directional forward or Backward movement of the soil compaction machine can be generated.

Je nach Phasenlage der Unwuchten wird jedoch ein periodisch wechselndes Kippmoment erzeugt. Dieses Kippmoment tritt auf, weil die einzelnen Unwuchten verschiedene Drehachsen haben. Dadurch greift die resultierende Fliehkraft zweier Unwuchtwellen im Verlauf einer Umdrehung stets an einem anderen Punkt an. Die Richtung der resultierenden Kraft bleibt zwar gleich, aber der wirksame Hebelarm und die Größe der Kraft ändern sich. Dieses Kippmoment ist unerwünscht, da es sich nachteilig auf das Bewegungsverhalten der Bodenverdichtungsmaschine auswirkt.Depending on the phase position of the unbalance, however, there is a periodically changing tilting moment generated. This tilting moment occurs because the individual imbalances have different axes of rotation to have. The resulting centrifugal force acts on two unbalanced shafts in the course of one Always at a different point. The direction of the resulting force remains the same, but the effective lever arm and the size of the force change. This tipping moment is undesirable because it adversely affects the movement behavior of the soil compacting machine effect.

Aus DE 297 23 617 U1 ist eine Vibrationsplatte bekannt, die zur Unterdrückung eines derartigen Kippmomentes eine Kippmoment-Ausgleichsvorrichtung aufweist. Sie beinhaltet eine zentrale Unwuchtwelle zwischen einem Unwuchtwellenpaar. Die Unwuchtmasse der zentralen Unwuchtwelle ist so groß wie die gesamte Unwuchtmasse des Unwuchtwellenpaares. Die zentrale Unwuchtwelle dreht sich gegenläufig zu dem gleichsinnig drehenden Unwuchtwellenpaar, wobei die Drehzahl aller Unwuchtwellen synchron ist. Durch diese Anordnung tritt kein unerwünschtes Kippmoment auftritt.From DE 297 23 617 U1 a vibration plate is known which is used to suppress a such a tilting moment has a tilting moment compensation device. It includes a central unbalanced shaft between a pair of unbalanced shafts. The unbalance mass of the central unbalanced shaft is as large as the total unbalanced mass of the unbalanced shaft pair. The central unbalanced shaft rotates in the opposite direction to the pair of unbalanced shaft rotating in the same direction, where the speed of all unbalanced shafts is synchronous. By this arrangement no undesired tilting moment occurs.

Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung ist es, eine Bodenverdichtungsmaschine der Eingangs genannten Art zu verbessern und eine einfache und preiswerte Alternative zur bisher bekannten Kippmoment-Ausgleichsvorrichtung zur Verwendung in einer Bodenverdichtungsmaschine zu schaffen.The object of the present invention is to provide a soil compaction machine at the entrance mentioned type to improve and a simple and inexpensive alternative to the previously known Tilting moment compensation device for use in a soil compaction machine to accomplish.

Diese Aufgabe wird dadurch gelöst, dass als Kippmoment-Ausgleichsvorrichtung in Achsrichtung neben dem ersten Unwuchtwellenpaar ein zweites Unwuchtwellenpaar angeordnet ist. Dabei drehen das erste und das zweite Unwuchtwellenpaar gegenläufig und diagonal gegenüberliegende Unwuchtwellen rotieren gleichsinnig.This object is achieved in that as a tilting moment compensation device in A second unbalanced shaft pair is arranged next to the first unbalanced shaft pair in the axial direction is. The first and second pair of unbalanced shafts rotate in opposite directions and diagonally opposite unbalanced shafts rotate in the same direction.

Die Erfindung hat den Vorteil, dass sich unerwünschte Kraftkomponenten und Drehmomente gegenseitig aufheben, so dass keine Kippmomente auftreten.The invention has the advantage that there are undesirable force components and torques cancel each other out so that no tilting moments occur.

Ein weiterer Vorteil der Erfindung ist, dass der Schwingungserreger aus gleichartigen Komponenten einfach und symmetrisch aufgebaut ist, so dass Kostenvorteile erzielt werden. Da die Gesamtunwuchtmasse sich auf vier Wellen verteilt, kann die Gesamtunwuchtmasse erhöht werden oder die Unwuchtwellen können kleiner dimensioniert werden.Another advantage of the invention is that the vibration exciter from similar components is simple and symmetrical, so that cost advantages are achieved. Since the Total unbalanced mass distributed over four shafts, the total unbalanced mass can be increased or the unbalanced shafts can be dimensioned smaller.

Die Unwuchtwellen müssen dabei nicht paarweise fluchtend nebeneinander liegen, sondern die Unwuchtwellen des einen Unwuchtwellenpaares können zu den Unwuchtwellen des anderen Unwuchtwellenpaares achsparallel bei kreuzweiser Symmetrie versetzt sein. Unter kreuzweiser Symmetrie wird hier eine Anordnung verstanden, bei welcher die diagonal gegenüberliegenden Unwuchtwellen zum Kreuzungspunkt ihrer Verbindungslinien paarweise symmetrisch angeordnet sind.The unbalanced shafts do not have to be aligned next to each other in pairs, but instead the unbalanced shafts of the one unbalanced shaft pair can become the unbalanced shafts of the other unbalanced shaft pair to be offset axially parallel with crosswise symmetry. Under crosswise symmetry is understood here as an arrangement in which the diagonally opposite Unbalance shafts to the crossing point of their connecting lines in pairs are arranged symmetrically.

Der achsparallele Versatz kann innerhalb der gleichen Ebene erfolgen oder aus der Ebene heraus. Zum Beispiel könnte eine hintere linke Unwuchtwelle um einen gewissen Betrag nach oben versetzt sein. Dann müsste die vordere rechte Unwuchtwelle um denselben Betrag nach unten versetzt sein, um die erforderliche Symmetrie herzustellen. Es kann dabei ferner vorteilhaft sein, dass die Abstände der diagonal gegenüberliegenden Unwuchtwellen unterschiedlich sind.The axis-parallel offset can take place within the same plane or out of the plane. For example, a left rear imbalance shaft could lag behind by a certain amount be at the top. Then the front right unbalance shaft would have to be adjusted by the same amount be offset below to create the required symmetry. It can also be advantageous be that the distances of the diagonally opposite unbalanced shafts differ are.

Bei der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung besteht die Möglichkeit, eine Lenkbewegung zu erzeugen, indem eine Unwuchtwelle in ihrer Phasenlage verändert wird.In the device according to the invention it is possible to generate a steering movement by changing the phase position of an unbalanced shaft.

Grundsätzlich können die diagonalen Unwuchtwellen separat angetrieben werden. Vorzugsweise sind die diagonalen Unwuchtwellen drehfest gekoppelt, zum Beispiel über ein Getriebe. Das hat den Vorteil, dass die diagonalen Unwuchtwellen den gleichen Drehsinn und die gleiche Drehgeschwindigkeit stets beibehalten und damit die Funktionsfähigkeit sowie den Kippmomentausgleich immer gewährleisten. Die Synchronisation wird noch weiter dadurch vereinfacht, dass alle Unwuchtwellen drehfest gekoppelt sind.In principle, the diagonal unbalanced shafts can be driven separately. Preferably the diagonal unbalanced shafts are rotatably coupled, for example via a gear. This has the advantage that the diagonal unbalanced shafts have the same direction of rotation and the same Always maintain the speed of rotation and thus the functionality and the tilting moment compensation always ensure. The synchronization is further simplified by that all unbalanced shafts are rotatably coupled.

In einer zweckmäßigen Ausführungsform weist das Getriebe zwei verbundene Kronenräder und damit in Eingriff stehende Stirnräder an den Unwuchtwellen auf. Der Vorteil liegt hier darin, dass aus relativ wenigen, einfachen und bekannten Komponenten ein Getriebe geschaffen wird, das die Funktion der Vorrichtung sicherstellt.In an expedient embodiment, the transmission has two connected crown wheels and engaging spur gears on the unbalanced shafts. The advantage is here in that a gearbox is created from relatively few, simple and known components that ensures the function of the device.

Vorzugsweise ist das Getriebe mit einem einzigen Antrieb wirkungsverbunden. Das hat den Vorteil, dass die Funktionen gleicher Drehsinn und gleiche Drehzahlen der Unwuchtwellen beibehalten werden können und zusätzliche Antriebe eingespart werden.The transmission is preferably operatively connected to a single drive. That has the Advantage that the functions have the same direction of rotation and the same speed of the unbalanced shafts can be maintained and additional drives can be saved.

Die Handhabung wird dadurch vereinfacht, dass jedes Unwuchtwellenpaar eine Unwuchtwelle mit veränderbarer Phasenlage aufweist. Bevorzugt ist ferner eine Synchronisiervorrichtung zur synchronen Verstellung der Phasenlage vorhanden. Sie kann entweder zur gleichsinnigen, gemeinsamen Phasenverstellung beider Unwuchtwellenpaare oder zur unabhängigen Phasenverstellung ausgebildet sein. Eine besonders bevorzugte Weiterbildung besteht darin, dass die Synchronisiervorrichtung einen hydraulisch arbeitenden Stromteiler aufweist.Handling is simplified in that each unbalanced shaft pair has an unbalanced shaft with variable phase position. A synchronization device is also preferred for synchronous adjustment of the phase position available. It can either common phase adjustment of both unbalanced shaft pairs or for independent Be phase adjustment trained. A particularly preferred further training consists in that the synchronizing device has a hydraulically operating current divider.

Nachfolgend wird die Erfindung anhand von drei in der Zeichnung dargestellten Ausführungsbeispielen weiter erläutert. Es zeigen schematisch:

Fig. 1
eine perspektivische Darstellung einer Schwingungserregervorrichtung mit zentralem, doppelten Kronenradgetriebe;
Fig. 2
eine schematische Darstellung von einzelnen Phasenlagen der Unwuchten der Schwingungserregervorrichtung;
Fig. 3
eine Seitenansicht eines zweiten Ausführungsbeispiels einer Schwingungserregervorrichtung; und
Fig. 4
eine Draufsicht eines dritten Ausführungsbeispiels einer Schwingungserregervorrichtung.
The invention is explained in more detail below on the basis of three exemplary embodiments shown in the drawing. They show schematically:
Fig. 1
a perspective view of a vibration exciter with a central, double crown gear;
Fig. 2
a schematic representation of individual phase positions of the unbalance of the vibration exciter;
Fig. 3
a side view of a second embodiment of a vibration excitation device; and
Fig. 4
a plan view of a third embodiment of a vibration excitation device.

Im einzelnen zeigt Fig. 1 eine von einem Antrieb 1 angetriebene ersten Schwingungserregervorrichtung einer Bodenverdichtungsmaschine bei der parallel zu einem ersten Unwuchtwellenpaar 2 in Achsrichtung seitlich versetzt ein gleichartiges zweites Unwuchtwellenpaar 3 als Kippmoment-Ausgleichsvorrichtung angeordnet ist.1 shows a first vibration excitation device driven by a drive 1 a soil compaction machine in parallel to a first pair of unbalanced shafts 2 laterally offset in the axial direction a similar second unbalanced shaft pair 3 as Tilting moment compensation device is arranged.

Jedes Unwuchtwellenpaar 2, 3 umfasst zwei hintereinander und achsparallel ausgerichtete, sich gegenläufig drehende Unwuchtwellen 4, 5 bzw. 4', 5' mit gleichen Unwuchtmassen 9, 10, wobei die Unwuchtmassen 9, 10 eines Unwuchtwellenpaares 2, 3 zur Erzeugung phasenverschobener Fliehkräfte winkelversetzt angeordnet sind. Die Unwuchtwellenpaare 2, 3 liegen in der Weise nebeneinander, dass ihre Unwuchtwellen paarweise fluchten. Ferner liegen sich Unwuchtwellen gleicher Drehrichtung diagonal gegenüber. Gleichsinnig drehende Unwuchtwellen 4, 4' einerseits und gegenläufig drehende Unwuchtwellen 5, 5' andererseits haben bei Geradeausfahrt jeweils gleiche Phasenlage. Für eine Lenkbewegung sind die Phasenlagen unterschiedlich einstellbar.Each unbalanced shaft pair 2, 3 comprises two axially parallel, counter-rotating unbalanced shafts 4, 5 or 4 ', 5' with the same unbalanced masses 9, 10, the unbalanced masses 9, 10 of a pair of unbalanced shafts 2, 3 for generating out of phase Centrifugal forces are arranged offset in angle. The unbalanced shaft pairs 2, 3 lie in such a way that their unbalanced shafts are aligned in pairs. Furthermore lie Imbalance shafts in the same direction of rotation diagonally opposite. Imbalance shafts rotating in the same direction 4, 4 'on the one hand and counter-rotating unbalanced shafts 5, 5' on the other hand Straight ahead each same phase position. The phase positions are different for a steering movement adjustable.

Es liegt auf diese Weise eine Anordnung vor, bei welcher diagonal angeordnete Unwuchtwellen axial zu einer imaginären Mittelpunktsachse, die parallel zu den Unwuchtwellenachsen verläuft, gleichmäßig gegensinnig axial versetzt sind.In this way there is an arrangement in which diagonally arranged unbalanced shafts axial to an imaginary center axis that is parallel to the unbalance shaft axes runs, are axially offset equally in opposite directions.

Die Unwuchtwellen 4, 4', 5, 5' sind durch ein formschlüssiges Kraftübertragungsmittel in der Weise drehfest miteinander gekoppelt, dass die Drehrichtungen und Phasenzuordnungen sichergestellt sind. Das Kraftübertragungsmittel ist im vorliegenden Beispiel als doppeltes Kronenradgetriebe 25 ausgebildet. Dessen drehfest verbundene Kronenräder 6 kämmen an beiden Seiten jeweils mit einem Stirnzahnrad 7 und einem gegenläufigen Stirnzahnrad 8. Die Stirnzahnräder 7 und 8 sind jeweils drehfest mit den Unwuchtwellen 4, 4' und 5, 5' verbunden. Der Antrieb 1 wirkt über die Unwuchtwelle 4 auf das Kronenradgetriebe. Die Unwuchtwellen 9, 10 werden von Lagerelementen 12, zum Beispiel Zylinderrollenlagern, gehalten.The unbalanced shafts 4, 4 ', 5, 5' are in the by a positive force transmission means Coupled non-rotatably with each other that the directions of rotation and phase assignments ensured are. The power transmission means in the present example is a double crown gear 25 trained. Its non-rotatably connected crown gears 6 mesh on both Pages each with a spur gear 7 and a counter spur gear 8. Die Spur gears 7 and 8 are rotatably connected to the unbalanced shafts 4, 4 'and 5, 5'. The drive 1 acts on the crown gear via the unbalanced shaft 4. The unbalanced shafts 9, 10 are held by bearing elements 12, for example cylindrical roller bearings.

Die diagonal gegenüberliegenden Unwuchten der Unwuchtwellen 5, 5' können in ihrer Phasenlage allein oder gemeinsam gegenüber den anderen Unwuchten verändert werden, indem die betreffenden Unwuchtmassen 10 auf ihren Unwuchtwellen 5, 5' winkelversetzt werden. Dazu dienen zwei hydraulisch betätigte Verdrehvorrichtungen 11, die an der Stirnseite der Unwuchtwellen 5, 5' angeordnet sind.The diagonally opposite unbalances of the unbalanced shafts 5, 5 'can be in their phase position alone or together with respect to the other imbalances can be changed by the relevant unbalanced masses 10 are offset on their unbalanced shafts 5, 5 '. For this purpose, two hydraulically operated twisting devices 11 are used, which are located on the front side of the Unbalance shafts 5, 5 'are arranged.

Werden die beiden diagonal gegenüberliegenden Unwuchtwellen 10 gleichzeitig in ihrer Phasenlage verstellt, so ändert sich die Richtung der resultierenden Fliehkraft. Damit ändert sich auch die Schwingrichtung und die Bodenverdichtungsmaschine bewegt sich vorwärts oder rückwärts. Wird nur eine der beiden Wellen 10 in ihrer Phasenlage verändert, stellt sich eine Lenkbewegung ein.The two diagonally opposite unbalanced shafts 10 are simultaneously in their phase position adjusted, the direction of the resulting centrifugal force changes. That changes the direction of vibration and the soil compaction machine also move forward or backward. If only one of the two waves 10 is changed in its phase position, one arises Steering movement.

In Fig. 2 wird in dreidimensionaler, schematischer Darstellung die Arbeitsweise der Schwingungserregervorrichtung veranschaulicht. Dazu werden in Fig. 2 acht Phasenlagen a) bis h) der Unwuchten im Verlauf eines vollständigen Wellenumlaufs dargestellt. Ausgefüllte schwarze Punkte geben die jeweiligen Winkelpositionen der Unwuchtmassen 9, 10 wieder. Die Unwuchtmassen 9 drehen im Uhrzeigersinn, angezeigt durch den gebogenen Drehrichtungspfeil 13, und die Unwuchtmassen 10 drehen gegen den Uhrzeigersinn, angezeigt durch den Drehrichtungspfeil 14. Weiterhin sind die Unwuchtmassen 9, 10 eines Unwuchtwellenpaares 2 bzw. 3 jeweils um 90° phasenverschoben. Diagonal gegenüberliegende Unwuchtmassen haben gleiche Phase.2 shows the mode of operation of the vibration excitation device in a three-dimensional, schematic representation illustrated. For this purpose, eight phase positions a) to h) are shown in FIG Imbalances are shown in the course of a complete shaft revolution. Filled in black Points represent the respective angular positions of the unbalanced masses 9, 10. The unbalance masses 9 turn clockwise, indicated by the curved direction arrow 13, and the unbalance masses 10 rotate counterclockwise, indicated by the direction of rotation arrow 14. Furthermore, the unbalanced masses 9, 10 of a pair of unbalanced shafts 2 or 3 each phase-shifted by 90 °. Have diagonally opposite unbalanced masses same phase.

In der Darstellung sind die Fliehkräfte eines Unwuchtwellenpaares zu jeweils einer resultierenden Fliehkraft zusammengefasst und als ausgefüllter schwarzer Pfeil 15, 16 dargestellt. Die Pfeile 15, 16 sind jeweils im Angriffspunkt der resultierenden Fliehkraft angetragen und weisen jeweils in die Richtung, in die die resultierende Fliehkraft wirkt. Zusätzlich stellt die Länge des Pfeils die Größe der Kraft dar. Dabei bezeichnet der Pfeil 15 die resultierende Fliehkraft 15 des einen Unwuchtwellenpaars 2 und der Pfeil 16 die resultierende Fliehkraft 16 des anderen Unwuchtwellenpaars 3.In the illustration, the centrifugal forces of a pair of unbalanced shafts are each one resulting Centrifugal force summarized and shown as a solid black arrow 15, 16. The Arrows 15, 16 are plotted and point at the point of application of the resulting centrifugal force each in the direction in which the resulting centrifugal force acts. In addition, the length of the Arrow represents the magnitude of the force. The arrow 15 denotes the resulting centrifugal force 15 of the unbalanced shaft pair 2 and the arrow 16 the resulting centrifugal force 16 of the other Unbalance shaft pairs 3.

Die Ausgangslage gemäß Fig. 2a) zeigt den Beginn der Rotationsbewegung. Auf der hinteren Längsachse 18 rotiert die Unwucht 9 im Uhrzeigersinn um die Querachse 19. Die Unwucht 10 rotiert gegen den Uhrzeigersinn um die Querachse 20. Die resultierende Fliehkraft 15 des hinteren Unwuchtwellenpaars 2 greift im Schnittpunkt der Längsverbindungsachsen 18 und 19 an und wirkt schräg nach unten in x-z-Richtung, d.h. in Richtung auf den Untergrund. Ebenso gerichtet ist die resultierende Fliehkraft 16 der auf der vorderen Längsachse 17 befindlichen Unwuchten 9 und 10 des zweiten Unwuchtwellenpaars 3. Die resultierende Fliehkraft 16 greift im Schnittpunkt der Längsverbindungsachsen 17 und 20 an. Da beide resultierenden Fliehkräfte 15 und 16 gleich groß und parallel gerichtet sind, tritt kein Kippmoment auf.The starting position according to FIG. 2a) shows the beginning of the rotational movement. On the back Longitudinal axis 18 rotates the unbalance 9 clockwise around the transverse axis 19. The unbalance 10 rotates counterclockwise around the transverse axis 20. The resulting centrifugal force 15 of rear imbalance shaft pair 2 engages at the intersection of the longitudinal connection axes 18 and 19 on and acts obliquely downwards in the x-z direction, i.e. towards the underground. As well The resulting centrifugal force 16 of the one located on the front longitudinal axis 17 is directed Unbalances 9 and 10 of the second unbalanced shaft pair 3. The resulting centrifugal force 16 attacks at the intersection of the longitudinal connection axes 17 and 20. Because both result Centrifugal forces 15 and 16 are the same size and are directed parallel, no tilting moment occurs.

In Fig. 2b) ist eine zweite Phase der Drehbewegung dargestellt, bei der die Unwuchtmassen um 45° in Drehrichtung versetzt sind. Die Fliehkräfte innerhalb eines jeden Unwuchtwellenpaares 2, 3 sind jeweils genau entgegengesetzt. Es entstehen zwar zwei gleich große Drehmomente 23, 24 um eine gedachte horizontale Mittelachse 22. Diese heben sich jedoch auf, da sie wegen der gegenläufigen Drehrichtungen der Unwuchtwellenpaare 2, 3 entgegengesetzt gerichtet sind. Im Ergebnis tritt daher kein Kippmoment parallel zu den Drehachsen der Unwuchten auf.2b) shows a second phase of the rotary movement, in which the unbalanced masses are offset by 45 ° in the direction of rotation. The centrifugal forces within each unbalanced shaft pair 2, 3 are exactly opposite. There are two torques of equal size 23, 24 about an imaginary horizontal central axis 22. However, these cancel each other out because they opposed because of the opposite directions of rotation of the unbalanced shaft pairs 2, 3 are directed. As a result, no tilting moment occurs parallel to the axes of rotation of the unbalances on.

In Fig. 2c) sind die Unwuchten um weitere 45° in Drehrichtung versetzt. Es treten gleich gerichtete resultierende Fliehkräfte 15 und 16 gleicher Größe an den beiden Unwuchtwellenpaaren 2, 3 auf Sie sind im Vergleich zu der in Fig. 2a) gezeigten ersten Phase in Ihren Angriffspunkten diagonal versetzt. Die Wirkungsrichtung der beiden resultierenden Fliehkräfte verläuft schrägt nach oben.In Fig. 2c) the unbalances are offset by a further 45 ° in the direction of rotation. The same direction occurs resulting centrifugal forces 15 and 16 of the same size on the two unbalanced shaft pairs 2, 3 on you are in your points of attack compared to the first phase shown in Fig. 2a) diagonally offset. The direction of action of the two resulting centrifugal forces runs obliquely upwards.

Mit fortschreitender Rotation der Unwuchten 9, 10 und mit zunehmender Phasengleichheit der Unwuchten wandern die Angriffspunkte der resultierenden Fliehkräfte 15 und 16 auf die Mittelachse 22 zu, wie in Fig. 2d) gezeigt ist. Da sie gleich groß und gleichgerichtet sind, tritt kein Kippmoment auf. With progressive rotation of the unbalances 9, 10 and with increasing phase equality the unbalance the points of attack of the resulting centrifugal forces 15 and 16 migrate to the Center axis 22 to, as shown in Fig. 2d). Since they are the same size and aligned, occurs no overturning moment.

In den weiteren Phasen, die in den Figuren 2e) bis 2h) veranschaulicht sind, wiederholen sich die vorstehend beschriebenen Zustände sinngemäß mit vertauschten Richtungen und Angriffspunkten der Fliehkräfte. Im Ergebnis bleibt es aber dabei, dass in keinem Fall ein Kippmoment parallel zu den Drehachsen der Unwuchten auftritt.Repeat in the other phases, which are illustrated in FIGS. 2e) to 2h) the states described above analogously with reversed directions and points of attack of centrifugal forces. As a result, however, it remains that in no case a tipping moment occurs parallel to the axes of rotation of the unbalances.

Bei den in Fig. 3 und 4 dargestellten zweiten und dritten Ausführungsbeispielen sind die Unwuchtwellen 4, 5 des einen Unwuchtwellenpaares 2 zu den Unwuchtwellen 4', 5' des anderen Unwuchtwellenpaares 3 achsparallel bei kreuzweiser Symmetrie versetzt. Die kreuzweise Symmetrie ergibt sich dadurch, dass die diagonal gegenüberliegenden Unwuchtwellen 4,4'; 5, 5' zum Kreuzungspunkt 30 ihrer Verbindungslinien 31, 32 paarweise symmetrisch angeordnet sind.In the second and third exemplary embodiments shown in FIGS. 3 and 4, the unbalanced shafts are 4, 5 of a pair of unbalanced shafts 2 to the unbalanced shafts 4 ', 5' of the other Unbalanced shaft pair 3 offset axially parallel with crosswise symmetry. The crosswise Symmetry results from the fact that the diagonally opposite unbalanced shafts 4,4 '; 5, 5 'to the crossing point 30 of their connecting lines 31, 32 arranged symmetrically in pairs are.

Fig. 3 veranschaulicht eine räumlich nach oben bzw. unten achsparallel versetzte Anordnung der diagonal gegenüberliegenden Unwuchtwellen 5, 5' zu den in einer Ebene liegenden anderen diagonal gegenüberliegenden Unwuchtwellen 4, 4'. Der Versatz Vo nach oben und der Versatz Vu nach unten sind gleich.Fig. 3 illustrates an arrangement offset spatially upwards and downwards axially parallel the diagonally opposite unbalanced shafts 5, 5 'to the others lying in one plane diagonally opposite unbalanced shafts 4, 4 '. The offset Vo up and the Offset Vu down are the same.

Beim vierten Ausführungsbeispiel gemäß Fig. 4 liegen alle Unwuchtwellen in einer Ebene und es sind die Abstände der jeweils diagonal gegenüberliegenden Unwuchtwellen 5, 5'; und 4, 4' unterschiedlich.In the fourth embodiment shown in FIG. 4, all unbalanced shafts lie in one plane and there are the distances between the diagonally opposite unbalanced shafts 5, 5 '; and 4, 4 ' differently.

Claims (15)

Schwingungserregervorrichtung zur Verwendung in einer Bodenverdichtungsmaschine mit einem ersten Unwuchtwellenpaar (2) und mit einer Kippmoment-Ausgleichsvorrichtung (3)
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass als Kippmoment-Ausgleichsvorrichtung (3) in Achsrichtung neben dem ersten ein zweites Unwuchtwellenpaar (3) angeordnet ist, und dass die Unwuchtwellenpaare (3, 4) gegenläufig drehen und diagonal gegenüberliegende Unwuchtwellen (4, 4' ; 5, 5') gleichsinnig rotieren.Vibration excitation device for use in a soil compaction machine with a first pair of unbalanced shafts (2) and with a tilting moment compensation device (3)
characterized in that a second unbalanced shaft pair (3) is arranged as a tilting moment compensation device (3) in the axial direction next to the first, and that the unbalanced shaft pairs (3, 4) rotate in opposite directions and diagonally opposite unbalanced shafts (4, 4 '; 5, 5' ) rotate in the same direction. Schwingungserregervorrichtung gemäß Anspruch 1,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Unwuchtwellen (4, 5) des einen Unwuchtwellenpaares (2) mit den Unwuchtwellen (4', 5') des anderen Unwuchtwellenpaares (3) paarweise fluchten.Vibration excitation device according to claim 1,
characterized in that the unbalanced shafts (4, 5) of one unbalanced shaft pair (2) are aligned in pairs with the unbalanced shafts (4 ', 5') of the other unbalanced shaft pair (3). Schwingungserregervorrichtung gemäß Anspruch 1,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Unwuchtwellen (4, 5) des einen Unwuchtwellenpaares (2) zu den Unwuchtwellen (4', 5') des anderen Unwuchtwellenpaares (3) achsparallel bei kreuzweiser Symmetrie versetzt sind.Vibration excitation device according to claim 1,
characterized in that the unbalanced shafts (4, 5) of one unbalanced shaft pair (2) are offset axially parallel with crosswise symmetry to the unbalanced shafts (4 ', 5') of the other unbalanced shaft pair (3). Schwingungserregervorrichtung gemäß Anspruch 3,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Abstände der diagonal gegenüberliegenden Unwuchtwellen (4, 4'; 5, 5') unterschiedlich sind. Vibration excitation device according to claim 3,
characterized in that the distances between the diagonally opposite unbalanced shafts (4, 4 '; 5, 5') are different. Schwingungserregervorrichtung gemäß Anspruch 3 oder 4,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Unwuchtwellen (4, 4'; 5, 5') in einer Ebene liegen.Vibration excitation device according to claim 3 or 4,
characterized in that the unbalance shafts (4, 4 '; 5, 5') lie in one plane. Schwingungserregervorrichtung gemäß Anspruch 3 oder 4,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Unwuchtwellen (4, 4'; 5, 5') räumlich versetzt zueinander angeordnet sind.Vibration excitation device according to claim 3 or 4,
characterized in that the unbalanced shafts (4, 4 '; 5, 5') are arranged spatially offset from one another. Schwingungserregervorrichtung nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass jedes Unwuchtwellenpaar (3, 4) eine Unwuchtwelle (10) mit veränderbarer Phasenlage aufweist.Vibration excitation device according to one of the preceding claims,
characterized in that each unbalanced shaft pair (3, 4) has an unbalanced shaft (10) with a variable phase position. Schwingungserregervorrichtung gemäß Anspruch 7,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass eine Synchronisiervorrichtung zur synchronen Verstellung der Phasenlage vorhanden ist.Vibration excitation device according to claim 7,
characterized in that a synchronizing device for synchronously adjusting the phase position is present. Schwingungserregervorrichtung gemäß Anspruch 7 oder 8,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Synchronisiervorrichtung zur gleichsinnigen, gemeinsamen Phasenverstellung beider Unwuchtwellenpaare (3, 4) ausgebildet ist.Vibration excitation device according to claim 7 or 8,
characterized in that the synchronizing device is designed for common phase adjustment of both unbalanced shaft pairs (3, 4). Schwingungserregervorrichtung gemäß Anspruch 7 oder 8,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass eine Vorrichtung zur unabhängigen Phasenverstellung vorhanden ist.Vibration excitation device according to claim 7 or 8,
characterized in that a device for independent phase adjustment is present. Schwingungserregervorrichtung einem der Ansprüche 8 bis 10,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Synchronisiervorrichtung einen hydraulisch arbeitenden Stromteiler aufweist.Vibration excitation device according to one of Claims 8 to 10,
characterized in that the synchronizing device has a hydraulically operating current divider. Schwingungserregervorrichtung einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass zumindest diagonale Unwuchtwellen (4, 4'; 5, 5') drehfest gekoppelt sind. Vibration excitation device according to one of the preceding claims,
characterized in that at least diagonal unbalanced shafts (4, 4 '; 5, 5') are rotatably coupled. Schwingungserregervorrichtung gemäß Anspruch 12,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass alle Unwuchtwellen (4, 4'; 5, 5') drehfest gekoppelt sind.Vibration excitation device according to claim 12,
characterized in that all unbalanced shafts (4, 4 '; 5, 5') are rotatably coupled. Schwingungserregervorrichtung gemäß Anspruch 12 oder 13,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die drehfeste Kopplung aus einem Getriebe (25) mit zwei Kronenrädern (6) und damit in Eingriff stehenden Stirnräder (7, 8) an den Unwuchtwellen (4, 4') und (5,5') besteht.Vibration excitation device according to claim 12 or 13,
characterized in that the rotationally fixed coupling consists of a gear (25) with two crown gears (6) and spur gears (7, 8) in engagement with them on the unbalanced shafts (4, 4 ') and (5,5'). Schwingungserregervorrichtung gemäß Anspruch 14,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Getriebe (25) mit einem einzigen Antrieb (1) wirkungsverbunden ist.Vibration excitation device according to claim 14,
characterized in that the transmission (25) is functionally connected to a single drive (1).
EP03026486A 2003-02-18 2003-11-20 Actuator of vibrations for compacting soil Expired - Lifetime EP1449965B1 (en)

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DE10306791A DE10306791A1 (en) 2003-02-18 2003-02-18 Vibration exciter device

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EP1449965A3 (en) 2005-12-28
US20040173040A1 (en) 2004-09-09
US7302871B2 (en) 2007-12-04
ATE394550T1 (en) 2008-05-15
EP1449965B1 (en) 2008-05-07
ES2301747T3 (en) 2008-07-01
DE50309774D1 (en) 2008-06-19
DE10306791A1 (en) 2004-08-26

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