EP1447298B1 - Method for protection of objects against railway train emissions - Google Patents

Abstract

The emission protection process protects objects (4, 6, 8) against emissions from a rail vehicle. Each object in the track region (2) is classified according to its needs, at least one protective measure for it is defined, the object is reported and the appropriate measure is taken for the duration of the contact of the object with the emissions from the rail vehicle.

Description

The invention relates to a method for at least temporary protection from within the sphere of influence of one Rail vehicle objects against at least one Emission emanating from the rail vehicle.

The safe function of the rail-bound traffic hangs nowadays, it is significantly higher from a proper high available and reliable function of the installed railway technical security systems. Especially the in increasingly high-speed trains, on which the trains with speeds above 200 km / h and trains down to just 2 minutes do not allow train drivers to exclusively after optical signaling by To drive route signals.

Therefore, especially on this High-speed lines, but of course, as a rule also on all other routes, on electromagnetic Transmission based train protection systems used. Exemplary become punctiform data transmission sources and sinks (Balises), linear data transmission sources and sinks (Loop), train detection systems (DC circuits) and axle counting systems.

All these systems require a proper function Useful signals with a level that is significantly higher than the Systems inherent intrinsic noise level, where Here are the modern rail vehicles and the modern ones Safety technology not to move apart, but in the With regard to the problem of disturbance, it tends to be more and more critical face. This increasingly occurring in the future Problem is based essentially equal to several Factors. One is in modern with high used speed trains Eddy current brakes call to achieve their Braking power to a large extent electromagnetic fields in the Blend track area. Next is the progressive Performance improvement of electric traction locomotives to name, with ever greater permanent and instantaneous drive powers are equipped and therefore also at least in the rails comparatively high reflux currents trigger. It also makes the space-saving design of drive units and comfort units, in particular in Railcar compositions like the ICE3 of the German railway, always more importantly, the electrotechnical components in the To arrange the bottom area of the vehicles, which unfortunately, as a rule always at the same time conditional that with it also here comparatively high currents in the floor area of the vehicles and so that they also flow in the area of the safety devices, must be transformed and / or rectified.

It is easy to understand that this also generates electromagnetic fields whose levels could reach the useful level of safety-relevant data in the frequency range of their transmission bands. In addition, processes that detect events due to field weakening are influenced incorrectly.
But other disturbing emissions are known from the operation of rail vehicles and are usually based on the outgoing of their operation noise or produced during their operation exhaust gases (in the case of diesel locomotives). For the noise are particularly responsible for the usually little-maintained and sometimes decades old freight cars responsible, in particular, in addition to the rolling noise mainly by their braking noise and also by the emergence of their buffers due to loose coupling, ie by the resulting Aufschlaggeräusche, attract attention, which, although safety and security problems are not caused, but their acceptance is limited.

U.S. Patent Specification No. 6,393,344 B2 discloses a method for detecting Interference currents in signal systems.

For these reasons, the invention is based on the object a method for the at least temporary protection of objects indicate the range of emissions of Rail vehicles arrive without it being more expensive New purchases and conversions needed.

a) jedes Objekte nach mindestens einem seine temporäre Schutzbedürftigkeit wiedergebenden Schutzziel klassifiziert wird;

b) mindestens eine auf das temporäre Schutzziel bezogene Massnahme für das Schienenfahrzeug und/oder das Objekt definiert wird;

c) ein mit dem Schienenfahrzeug in temporärem Emissionskontakt stehendes oder kommendes Objekt ermittelt wird, und

d) bezogen auf das gerade mit dem Schienenfahrzeug in temporären Emissionskontakt stehende oder kommende Objekt die mindestens eine auf das Schutzziel bezogene Massnahme für die Dauer des Emissionskontakts mit diesem Objekt veranlasst wird.

This object is achieved in the method of the aforementioned type according to the invention that the method for the at least temporary protection of located in the sphere of influence of a rail vehicle objects against a outgoing of the rail vehicle emission works very selectively by

a) each object is classified according to at least one protection objective reflecting its temporary vulnerability;

b) at least one measure relating to the temporary protection target is defined for the rail vehicle and / or the object;

c) an object standing or coming in contact with the rail vehicle is determined in temporary emission contact, and

d) based on the currently in temporary emission emission contact with the rail vehicle or coming object the at least one measure related to the protection goal measure for the duration of the emission contact is made with this object.

In this way, the process achieves this Improvement that either already on the rail vehicle existing components and / or the operating method of Rail vehicle and / or the object temporarily adapted be that the specified protection goal is achieved. For this carries the classification of the objects according to their Protection needs and the predefined for each protection goal temporarily activated measure. It can in particular be exploited that the spatial extent of with a need for protection objects is very small against the extension of the entire route network.

A useful subdivision to classify the objects It envisages the protection goals in the classes of mechanical, acoustic and electrical and / or to divide magnetic protection need, where for one or more of the classes graded protection limits can be defined. For example, for the electrical and / or magnetic fields different on each graduated limit values for each maximum the object acting allowable field strength and / or Be specified frequency ranges. There is also the Possibility of a well-defined working frequency for Example of an axle counter to define.

Particularly important for the inventive method of course, identifying one in the emission contact with the rail vehicle coming object. It must be assumed that usually the contact times and -orte for most objects small against the travel time of the Rail vehicle and the distance traveled are. A meaningful possibility, it therefore provides the whereabouts determine the rail vehicle and this whereabouts then with the geographical location data of the objects to compare. Thus, on each rail vehicle with Control function (locomotive, control car and the like) Complete set of location data of objects and theirs Classification be filed. Now comes a rail vehicle in the area previously defined according to the classification of the issue contact, the comparison provides a positive Result, what to carry out from the Classification of the object resulting measure.

An alternative to this is to create a list of geographical location data for a planned of Railway track to be traveled which reduces the amount of on a calculator of the Rail vehicle to be loaded data significantly reduced. For example, this data may also be transmitted by the train driver a suitable interface in the vehicle computer be entered.

An alternative approach to this can be the fact exploit that with an increasing equipment of the Rail network with point and / or line-shaped and / or GSM-based data transmission devices by means of Achieving the ETCS standards a corresponding number of Information sources are available with which information following one or more in a section of the route Objects with an indication of the distance from the Information source is transmitted to the rail vehicle. The rail vehicle thus receives in situ the object data and Now only an incremental distance determination has to be done perform so accurately triggering the object-related To carry out a measure with production of the emission contact.

As already explained above, instead of or in addition for information about one or more in one The following objects contain information about this each to be achieved protection goal and the respective place that the protection goal is to be achieved, on the Rail vehicle is transmitted. The rail vehicle receives so the sufficient information to carry out the Measures with comparatively less to be transferred Amount of data. In short, this is enough Execution variant the transmission of object category and Property location.

One for the suppression of interfering magnetic and / or electric fields particularly appropriate measure can a reduction of a traction current and / or a Induce reduction of braking power. This measure is particularly suitable for objects that are very limited in space Limited are extended and yet a fuse are of paramount importance, such as Axle counter and Balise. By the essential and temporary Reduction of traction current and / or braking power can be a disruption or even a threat to the railway operations are excluded. Of course, for example, even at a high Brake priority, such as an emergency stop, this one Reduction be turned off to the braking, which then Takes precedence over the freedom from interference of data transmission, unrestricted in the requested manner can.

Another measure against the above Electromagnetic fields may consist of on the Rail vehicle temporarily a compensation unit for To control compensation of occurring magnetic fields. This compensation unit knows the at certain Operating conditions of the rail vehicle outgoing electro-magnetic fields and generated at the Place of origin and / or as close as possible to the object next place when passing / passing a corresponding Counter field, so that the two fields largely neutralize.

Complementary or alternative to the intended Compensation unit can as a possible measure against disturbing electro-magnetic fields also the use of a Shielding unit for absorbing occurring magnetic Fields come into consideration. The disturbing ones can do that Field emitting component in terms of their radiation in the direction of the object temporarily or permanently with be screened depending on the frequency depending shielding materials. A possible embodiment may also be a temporary one Influencing the screen material, such as the or shutdown of a DC magnetic field for Premagnetization of a ferromagnetic screen material be. For example, this results in a bias towards one end of the hysteresis curve for the screen material a comparatively good shielding effect against electrical Fields due to the bias of not too influencing electrical conductivity of the Screen material. Conversely, turning off the DC magnetic field again to a significant Hysteresis capability of ferromagnetic screen material, so that now also very well shielded magnetic fields can be. By an appropriate choice of Material properties and / or the material geometry and / or The bias can thus be a very selective acting shielding against electromagnetic fields reasilieren.

Another option is to use a series of suction or resp. Resonant circuit. This solution is thereby restricted that they only at a fixed frequency works and thus usually only one product type of e.g. Can protect axle meters. The inventive method on the other hand, it allows for every position worthy of protection individual frequency recommendation to give. This can be up the best possible adjustment is made to the vehicle. In addition to the information about the object and / or its Classification and the location information of the object can also the slope can be specified, that is, whether the route sloping in the region of the emission contact with the object, rising or flat.

To reduce the noise pollution for certain objects can for example, for a freight train in the area of a hospital be provided, if possible not with the usually Unfortunately still used friction brakes of the freight cars too brake, but for example only with the Braking recuperation brake of the locomotive and so on for example, on downhill slopes early in front of one Object worthy of protection all wagons of the freight train on the Buffer run up and thus this noise source (Opening the buffers as the wagon spacing decreases) to eliminate. For a diesel locomotive can be a possible Measure also the temporary interruption of the Be diesel injection, so that against noise too protective object is almost rolled idle.

Further advantageous embodiments of the invention are the to remove other dependent claims.

Figur 1

eine schematische Aufsicht auf einen Gleisbereich mit einem temporär zu schützenden Objekt im Gleis;

Figur 2

eine schematische Darstellung einer Einrichtung zur Kompensation von elektromagnetischen Feldern, die auf der Unterseite eines Wagenkastens eines Schienenfahrzeugs angeordnet ist; und

Figur 3

eine schematische Aufsicht auf einen Gleisbereich mit einem temporär zu schützenden Objekt ausserhalb des Gleisbereichs.

Embodiments of the invention will be explained in more detail with reference to a drawing. Showing:

FIG. 1

a schematic plan view of a track area with a temporary object to be protected in the track;

FIG. 2

a schematic representation of a device for compensation of electromagnetic fields, which is arranged on the underside of a car body of a rail vehicle; and

FIG. 3

a schematic plan view of a track area with a temporary object to be protected outside of the track area.

FIG. 1 shows a schematic plan view of one Track area 2 with a temporary object to protect, here in the present case an axle counter 4, in the track area 2. A Explanation of the inventive method is therefore here essentially made on this axle counter 4, although two also arranged in this track area 2 balises 6, 8 considered as such temporary objects to be protected can be. The balises 6, 8 are used in the present Example of embodiment u.a. to that in a control unit 10, 12 for a signal 14, 16 formed signal range on Rail vehicle to transfer. Further in the Balisentelegramm transmitted data gives speed limits and Braking curves for rail vehicles before. It is therefore easy to understand that just for the safe Transmission of the Bali telegram particularly high Requirements apply. Thus, the balises 6, 8 in With regard to interfering electromagnetic fields vulnerable and therefore classified with a protection objective.

Likewise, the axle counter 4 is very sensitive to disturbing electromagnetic fields, especially from the Engines and / or the eddy current brake of a Rail vehicle to be emitted. The axle counter 4 drops into the class of the electromagnetic protection goal, which in turn in the present embodiment in five Protection levels divided. It is assumed here that the Axle counter is classified into the highest protection level 1. A similar classification will now be available to everyone with the Rail vehicle in emission contact coming objects, for that a need for protection has been defined, performed. For example, the balises 6, 8 also in the class of the electromagnetic protection goal, but in the lowest level of protection 5 again, because the Baliselegramm aufmoduliert on a carrier signal and is cyclically encrypted.

In contrast, the need for protection derives differently the axle counter 4 ago, whose payload exclusively from the detuning or changing the damping of a electromagnetic resonant circuit originates. These Detuning is intended from the passing of a ferromagnetic wheel of a rail vehicle brought about become. This mood can also be undesirable The magnetic field from a motor and / or a Eddy current brake is emitted, brought about and thus having a significant impact on rail transport to lead. Basically, there is safety in this Perspective no danger, because implausible signals of the axle counter 4 not compared with the signals of a second here shown axle counter to an interruption of the Rail transport, i. Signals turn to "red" set and trains that in the track block section with the wanting to introduce implausible signals from the axle counters, stopped. Nevertheless, the disruption of traffic for the Passengers and / or the cargo associated with delays and the resumption of traffic requires Circumstances beyond complex control technology Special routines.

M0

Nicht bremsen

M1

Bremskraft kleiner 50%

M2

Traktionsstrom kleiner 500 A

M3

Traktionsstrom kleiner 250 A

M4

Traktionsstrom kleiner 100 A

M5

Traktionsunterbruch

M6

Kompensation ein

M7

Absorption ein

Massnahme für verschiedene Fahrzeugtypen in der Klasse des elektromagnetischen Schutzziels Fahrzeugtyp Stufe 1 Stufe 2 Stufe 3 Stufe 4 Stufe 5 Typ 1 M0 M0 M1 M1 M1 Typ 2 M5 M4 M3 M2 M2 Typ 3 M5, M6 M4, M6 M3, M6 M6 M6 Typ 4 M5, M7 M4, M7 M3, M7 M2, M7 M7 Typ 5 - - - - - Now that the need for protection of the objects and the assignment to the protection goals has been made, if necessary. With internal fine subdivision, appropriate measures M0 to M7 are defined, which are suitable to achieve the protection goals. By way of example, such a catalog of measures and the assignment of the measures M0 to M7 to different types of vehicle types 1 to 5 with respect to the class of the electromagnetic protection target are mentioned below:

M0

Do not brake

M1

Braking force less than 50%

M2

Traction current less than 500 A

M3

Traction current less than 250 A

M4

Traction current less than 100 A

M5

Traction interruption

M6

Compensation

M7

Absorption

Measure for different vehicle types in the class of the electromagnetic protection target vehicle type step 1 Level 2 level 3 Level 4 Level 5 Type 1 M0 M0 M1 M1 M1 Type 2 M5 M4 M3 M2 M2 Type 3 M5, M6 M4, M6 M3, M6 M6 M6 Type 4 M5, M7 M4, M7 M3, M7 M2, M7 M7 Type 5 - - - - -

With this preceding assignment, it is in Embodiment according to Figure 1 now possible, for example, with a transponder 18 a the Axle counter 4 approaching vehicle to the information transmit that particular axle counter 4 in one Distance d from the current information point is arranged and this axle counter 4 in the class of electromagnetic Protection objectives is classified under protection level 1. Which Resulting measure according to Table 1 can now either directly transmitted as information with what would mean that all data pairs to this protection level would have to be transferred and on the vehicle the assignment to own vehicle type would have to be made for this axle counter 4 within an emission contact area 20 initiate the action intended for the rail vehicle to be able to. Or it will only be the distance d and that Protection target if necessary with the protection level on the vehicle transferred and the vehicle then reads from its own Map for this protection goal including protection level planned measure. Like the table above for The types of vehicles 3 and 4 by way of example may also always several measures are initiated.

The empty fields for the vehicle type 5 are exemplary for being either one in terms of that Protection objective and, if necessary, the protection level emission-free vehicle with electric traction, because for example one excellent shielding is provided, or because that Vehicle, for example, a diesel locomotive without Eddy current brake is and the problem of electromagnetic Interference fields so that does not exist. Problematic for this the latter type of vehicle but could, for example, the Drive through a tunnel for which an exhaust protection target has been defined and for as a possible measure a throttling of the engine speed or similar Exhaust gas reducing measures are provided. Nevertheless, the measure can also be provided for the object and the tunnel control can be a selective one Open tunnel ventilation flaps, which are the Locomotion of the diesel locomotive follow the exhaust best possible to withdraw from the tunnel again.

FIG. 2 shows a schematic representation of a device to compensate for electromagnetic fields that occur on the Bottom of a car body 22 of a rail vehicle 24th is arranged. The rail vehicle 24 comprises two Bogies 26, 28, each with two drive motors 30, 32 are equipped. Between the two bogies 26, 28 are other components, such as a transformer 34 and Inverter 36, 38, arranged. All of the above Components are particularly in modern multiple units, like ICE3, in the immediate soil area to a sufficient To ensure space in the passenger compartment. In order to However, these components are also in the immediate vicinity fuse-link railway equipment, such as the Axles 4 and the balises 6, 8, and the loops arranged. Due to the high power consumption of these components are At the same time these components are more diverse electromagnetic fields and thus a source of interference for the securing technical track equipment.

To compensate for these electromagnetic interference, are for each of these components oscillating circuits L1 to L5 provided, the resonant frequency in each case in the Frequency range with the greatest interference potential is or but on the working frequency of the object to be protected are tuned and thus, above all, with regard to the magnetic alternating fields counterposed Gegeninduktionsfelder radiates or as a suction circuit Serieresonanz act and thus at least a part of extinguishing disturbing field emissions. These resonant circuits L1 up to L5 can always be active when the Rail vehicle with an object to be protected in Emissions contact comes. It would also be possible to do this Activate oscillating circuits L1 to L5 actively with a signal, that is exactly to the respectively emitted magnetic fields at least is countered with respect to the most disturbing frequency range, so that the fields neutralize each other.

Another embodiment is shown in FIG a schematic plan view of the track area 2 with a temporary object to be protected, here a small one by House represented settlement 40, outside the track area 2 represents. Regarding the protection requirement here present is the noise minimization in the foreground, which is therefore a significantly larger emission contact area 20 'conditionally. For Such an object can be used as a noise-reducing measure be provided, one in the emission contact region 20 ' train not to slow down and / or not too accelerate. In case of a fall, this may even be the case still be used to reduce noise by one in declining Direction moving train his locomotive in Rekuperationsbremsung operates and thus all wagons of Train on which buffers have accumulated. In the case of in ascending direction of moving train can be tempted to choose the speed of the train so that a good Compromise between noise emission and route occupancy achieved can be.

The series of examples would probably be almost done now continue as desired. Important to understanding is simple that a classification of objects according to protection goals possible to achieve the protection objective suitable temporary measures are defined and these Measures relating to property in the area of the emissions contact be carried out selectively.

Claims (11)

1. Method for the at least temporary protection of objects (4, 6, 8, 40) in an area subject to the influence of a rail vehicle (24) against emissions from the rail vehicle (24), in which

   e) each object (4, 6, 8, 40) is classified according to at least one protection objective reflecting its temporary protection requirement;

   f) at least one measure (M0 to M7) relating to the temporary protection objective is defined for the rail vehicle (24) and/or the object (4, 6, 8, 40);

   g) an object (4, 6, 8, 40) in temporary contact with the emissions of the rail vehicle (24) is detected, and

   h) the at least one measure (M0 to M7) relating to the protection objective is initiated in respect of the object (4, 6, 8, 40) in temporary contact with or coming into temporary contact with the emissions of the rail vehicle (24) for the period of contact of the emission with said object (4, 6, 8, 40).
2. Method according to Claim 1,
   characterized in that the protection objectives are subdivided into mechanical, acoustic and electrical and/or magnetic protection requirement classes.
3. Method according to Claim 2,
   characterized in that graduated protection limit values are defined for one or a plurality of the classes.
4. Method according to one of Claims 1 to 3,
   characterized in that the location of the rail vehicle (24) is detected and compared with the geographic position data of the objects (4, 6, 8, 40).
5. Method according to Claim 4,
   characterized in that a list of the geographic position data of objects (4, 6, 8, 40) is selected for a planned route to be covered by the rail vehicle (24).
6. Method according to one of Claims 1 to 5,
   characterized in that information about one or a plurality of successive objects (4, 6, 8, 40) in a section of the route is transmitted with details of the respective distance (d, D_x, D_y) from the information source (18) to the rail vehicle (24) at an information source (18).
7. Method according to Claim 6,
   characterized in that the route covered is determined on the rail vehicle (24) according to the information source (18).
8. Method according to one of Claims 1 to 7,
   characterized in that instead of or in addition to information about one or a plurality of successive objects (4, 6, 8, 40) in a section of the route, information is transmitted to the rail vehicle about the protection objective to be achieved in each instance and the respective point, at which the protection objective is to be achieved.
9. Method according to one of Claims 1 to 8,
   characterized in that a reduction in the traction current and/or a reduction in the braking power is initiated as a measure (M0 to M7).
10. Method according to one of Claims 1 to 9,
    characterized in that a compensation unit (L1 to L5) to compensate for magnetic fields occurring is activated as a measure (M0 to M7).
11. Method according to one of Claims 1 to 10,
    characterized in that a screening unit or a resonance circuit to absorb magnetic fields occurring is activated as a measure (M0 to M7).

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