EP3107791B1 - Sensor device for detecting a change in a magnetic field and track-bound transportation system having at least one such sensor device - Google Patents

Sensor device for detecting a change in a magnetic field and track-bound transportation system having at least one such sensor device Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3107791B1
EP3107791B1 EP15715997.1A EP15715997A EP3107791B1 EP 3107791 B1 EP3107791 B1 EP 3107791B1 EP 15715997 A EP15715997 A EP 15715997A EP 3107791 B1 EP3107791 B1 EP 3107791B1
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Prior art keywords
sensor
sensor device
coils
sensor units
movement
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP3107791A1 (en
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Rainer Freise
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Siemens Mobility GmbH
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Siemens AG
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B61—RAILWAYS
    • B61L—GUIDING RAILWAY TRAFFIC; ENSURING THE SAFETY OF RAILWAY TRAFFIC
    • B61L1/00—Devices along the route controlled by interaction with the vehicle or train
    • B61L1/16—Devices for counting axles; Devices for counting vehicles
    • B61L1/163—Detection devices
    • B61L1/165—Electrical

Definitions

  • Sensor devices for detecting magnetic field changes are used in various technical fields, such as in industrial automation or railway automation.
  • corresponding sensor devices in railway automation are used in the form of wheel sensors or axle counting sensors operating according to an inductive principle, in particular in the field of train detection technology.
  • a wheel sensor is known, comprising two receiving coils and arranged with respect to the rail longitudinal direction between the receiving coils AC-powered transmitting coil.
  • a device on track ways for generating presence criteria of rail-bound wheels which comprises a sensor device comprising an AC-powered transmitter coil, and two associated receiver coils.
  • double-sensor systems ie sensor devices with two sensor units, are usually used for detecting the direction of travel.
  • the received signals detected by the two sensor units overlap in time during a wheel travel such that the direction of travel can be determined from the sequence of the signals in an evaluation device.
  • the overlapping of the received signals within the scope of the direction of travel detection is therefore of great importance.
  • corresponding double systems are usually arranged in a common housing one behind the other in the rail longitudinal direction on the track, which results in physically limited wheel overlap only limited signal overlap, the expression depends in particular on the diameter of the respective wheel to be detected.
  • the present invention has for its object to provide a sensor device for detecting a magnetic field change, which is caused by an approaching in a direction of movement of the sensor device or moving in the direction of movement of the sensor device object to specify that is particularly powerful and in particular a particularly reliable detection of Movement direction of the object allows.
  • a sensor device for detecting a magnetic field change, which is caused by an approaching in a direction of movement of the sensor device or in the direction of movement of the sensor device passing object, wherein the sensor device comprises two sensor units, each of the sensor units two receiving coils and a wherein the longitudinal axes of the receiving coils of both sensor units are aligned substantially perpendicular to the direction of movement, wherein the longitudinal axes of the transmitting coils of both sensor units are aligned substantially parallel to the direction of movement, wherein the transmitting coils of the two sensor units based on the direction of movement are arranged one behind the other, and wherein the sensor device is designed such that the transmitting coils of the two Sensoreinh generate oppositely directed magnetic fluxes.
  • the sensor device for detecting a change in magnetic field, which is caused by an object approaching in a direction of movement of the sensor device or moving past the sensor device in the direction of movement, thus initially distinguishes itself by having two sensor units.
  • the sensor device is thus designed as a double sensor system suitable for detecting the direction of movement of the object approaching or moving past the sensor device.
  • each of the sensor units here comprises two receiver coils and one alternating-current-fed transmitter coil arranged between the receiver coils relative to the direction of movement.
  • the respective AC-powered transmitting coil thus a magnetic field or a magnetic flux is generated, the change is detected by the approaching or passing object by means of the receiving coils.
  • the sensor device according to the invention is further characterized in that the longitudinal axes of the receiving coils of both sensor units are aligned perpendicularly or at least substantially perpendicular to the direction of movement.
  • the sensor device for its intended operation is arranged or mounted just in such a way that the longitudinal axes of the receiver coils of both sensor units are aligned so that the object to be detected approaches in the direction of movement perpendicular to the longitudinal axes of the receiver coils or moves past the sensor device.
  • the longitudinal axes of the transmitting coils of both sensor units are aligned parallel or at least substantially parallel to the direction of movement. Consequently, in particular, the longitudinal axes of the transmitting coils and the receiving coils are perpendicular or at least substantially perpendicular to each other.
  • the transmitting coils of the two sensor units of the sensor device according to the invention are arranged one behind the other with respect to the direction of movement.
  • the sensor device according to the invention is designed such that the transmitting coils of the sensor units generate opposite magnetic fluxes.
  • the sensor device according to the invention is advantageous because, due to the arrangement and orientation of the transmitting and receiving coils and the oppositely directed magnetic fluxes of the transmitting coils, a particularly pronounced temporal overlap of the received signals of the two sensor units detected by the respective receiving coils results. This is particularly advantageous in the case of small signal levels in that disturbances caused by insufficient overlapping times of the received signals of the two sensor units in connection with detection of the direction of movement of the object to be detected are avoided or at least reduced in comparison to previously known sensor devices.
  • the deflection or change in the magnetic field or the magnetic flux caused by the approaching or moving object is advantageously utilized such that the sensor device according to the invention has a particularly high sensitivity with respect to a detection of the object.
  • the transmitting coils and the receiving coils of both sensor units are arranged one behind the other with respect to the direction of movement.
  • the sensor device according to the invention can also be developed in such a way that the receiver coils are arranged for each of the two sensor units such that the longitudinal axis of the transmitter coil of the respective sensor unit intersects the receiver coils of the relevant sensor unit outside the transmitter coil.
  • the receiver coils and the transmitter coil of the respective sensor units are arranged horizontally at the same height.
  • the receiving coils are respectively connected in opposite directions to each other in series for each of the two sensor units.
  • This offers the advantage that the opposing interconnection of the receiving coils and their arrangement with respect to the respective transmitting coil lead to add signal voltages caused by a passing or approaching object, while receiving interference voltages, which are caused by an external magnetic interference field, by the subtract opposing interconnection of the receiver coils and thus completely or at least largely compensate or cancel.
  • inductively operating sensor devices are usually relatively sensitive to disturbances whose frequency corresponds to the operating frequency of the respective sensor device. In the case of sensor devices in the form of wheel sensors corresponding interference voltages can arise, for example, by rail currents.
  • the return current flowing through the rail of a locomotive (or its harmonic content) generates an interference signal which is received in the form of beats from the sensor device.
  • Appropriate beats are usually not without Separate or differentiate further from the signals caused by an influence of a passing wheel of a rail vehicle.
  • disturbances can also be caused for example by adjacent sensor devices with the same operating frequency.
  • the aforementioned preferred development of the sensor device according to the invention is characterized by a particularly pronounced immunity to interference due to the opposing interconnection of the respective receiving coils of the two sensor units.
  • the two receiving coils are constructed in the same way for each of the two sensor units in order to achieve the best possible interference field compensation in such a way that they coincide approximately in relation to their geometry and their number of turns.
  • the sensor device according to the invention can also be developed such that, relative to the direction of movement, one of the two receiving coils of the two sensor units is arranged between the transmitting coils of the two sensor units and the respective receiving coils have the same winding sense.
  • This is advantageous since, as a result, in particular in the overlapping region of the two sensor units, i. for such positions of the object to be detected, which cause a significant influence on the two respective receiving coils, a particularly favorable signal curve, in particular with regard to reliable detection of the direction of movement of the object results.
  • the receiving coils of the respective sensor unit are arranged symmetrically to the transmitting coil of the respective sensor unit with respect to the movement direction for each of the two sensor units.
  • a corresponding symmetrical arrangement with respect to the transmitting coil is advantageous in that this results in a particularly simple and space-saving construction of the sensor device yields and this is due to the symmetry continues to be particularly flexible.
  • the sensor device according to the invention can also be developed such that the transmitting coils of the two sensor units are fed with alternating current of the same frequency.
  • This has the advantage of avoiding the necessity of providing alternating current or alternating voltage of different frequencies, while at the same time achieving the magnitude of the magnetic fluxes generated by the transmitting coils, which results in a symmetrical configuration with respect to reliable detection of the object and its direction of movement is particularly favorable.
  • the sensor device according to the invention can advantageously also be configured in such a way that it has a generator which feeds the transmitting coils of both sensor units with alternating current.
  • this has a housing enclosing both sensor units. This is advantageous because in comparison to a likewise conceivable embodiment, in which each of the sensor units has its own housing, costs and space are saved.
  • this comprises an evaluation device connected to the receiving coils of both sensor units.
  • the evaluation device is thereby enabled to evaluate the received signals of the two sensor units both individually and in combination with each other. This results in advantages in terms of the reliability of both the detection of the respective object as such and the detection of the direction of movement of the object.
  • the evaluation device is arranged together with the two sensor units in a housing is. This is particularly suitable in cases where this results in no disadvantages for the operation and possibly the maintenance of the evaluation, such as due to boundary or environmental conditions.
  • the sensor device according to the invention can also be developed in such a way that the evaluation device is arranged in a separate housing from the sensor units.
  • this may result in particular advantages with regard to the impact of mechanical or electrical disturbances on the evaluation device, with respect to the space available for the evaluation device and / or with respect to the accessibility of the evaluation device.
  • the evaluation device in the case of sensor devices in the form of wheel sensors, it is often favorable to arrange the evaluation device at a distance from the sensor units mounted directly on the track.
  • corresponding evaluation devices are usually accommodated in a track connection housing, which is generally removed a few meters from the sensor units.
  • the transmitting coil and / or the receiving coil are each part of a resonant circuit for each of the two sensor units. This is advantageous in terms of providing sufficient magnetic flux especially with respect to the transmitting coils.
  • the sensor device according to the invention can also be developed such that for each of the two sensor units, the transmitting coil and / or the receiving coil are formed free of ferromagnetic materials.
  • the design of the respective coils free of ferromagnetic materials has the advantage that this inductive interference can be reduced or avoided.
  • the sensor device according to the invention can be used for any purpose, i. in particular for the detection of objects of any kind, can be used. This includes, for example, a use in the field of industrial automation.
  • the sensor device according to the invention is designed as a wheel sensor for detecting a magnetic field change caused by an object in the form of a wheel approaching on a rail in the direction of movement in the form of the rail longitudinal direction or moving past the wheel sensor in the rail longitudinal direction.
  • a wheel sensor find a wide variety of applications in the field of railway automation and, due to the arrangement of the sensor units of the sensor device on the rail, are usually exposed to considerable interference.
  • a reliable detection of an approaching or passing wheel as well as its movement or direction of travel is of utmost importance especially when using appropriate wheel sensors for track vacancy.
  • the advantages of the sensor device according to the invention in a case of trained as a wheel sensor sensor device come to advantage in a special way.
  • the invention further includes an installation of the track-bound traffic, in particular a train detection system, with at least one sensor device according to the invention or at least one sensor device according to one of the previously described preferred developments of the sensor device according to the invention.
  • FIG. 1 shows a schematic sketch of a lateral perspective view of an arrangement with an embodiment of the sensor device according to the invention. Shown is a sensor device 1 in the form of a arranged in the region of a rail 100 wheel sensor. In this case, the sensor device 1 is arranged on the inside of the rail and aligned with respect to their detection area in such a way that it detects the wheel flange or the running surface of the sensor device 1 or moving past the sensor device 1 iron wheels of rail vehicles.
  • the sensor device 1 comprises two sensor units 10 and 20, each having two receiving coils 12, 13 and 22, 23. Relative to a given by the rail longitudinal direction of movement 5 is between the receiving coils 12, 13 and 22, 23 each have an AC-powered transmitting coil 11 and 21 respectively.
  • the transmitting coils 11, 21 are arranged such that their longitudinal axes 11a, 21a are aligned parallel to the direction of movement 5 and thus perpendicular to the longitudinal axes 12a, 13a, 22a, 23a of the receiving coils 12, 13, 22, 23.
  • the transmitting coils 11, 21 and the receiving coils 12, 13, 22, 23 of both sensor units 10, 20 with respect to the direction of movement 5 each spaced behind the other, ie in the rail longitudinal direction seen "in a row" are arranged.
  • the transmitting coils 11, 21 Due to the orientation and arrangement of the transmitter coils 11, 21, these generate magnetic fields or magnetic fluxes 60, 70, which run essentially horizontally along the rail 100. Due to the orientation of the longitudinal axes 12a, 13a, 22a, 23a of the receiving coils 12, 13, 22, 23, which are perpendicular to the direction of movement 5, the transmitting coils 11, 21 thus induce voltages in the respective receiving coils 12, 13 and 22, 23, respectively Field distorting materials due to the location of the receiving coils 12, 13, 22, 23 in the middle of the magnetic fields or magnetic fluxes 60, 70 would be extremely low. However, the rail head 110 of the rail 100 causes a field distortion, through which a Feldunsymmetrie arises which leads to receiving signals of the receiving coils 12, 13, 22, 23 in the form of a signal arresting voltage without being influenced by a passing wheel.
  • the signal voltages detected by the receiving coils 12, 13 or 22, 23 and caused by the magnetic fluxes 60, 70 advantageously add up.
  • an external magnetic noise field that is in FIG. 1 in the region of the left sensor unit 10 is indicated by the reference numeral 80 and may be caused for example by rail currents, the receiving coils 12, 13 of the relevant sensor unit 10 penetrate such that the received interference voltages by the opposite direction of the receiving coils 12, 13 subtract, so completely or at least essentially wipe out.
  • the transmitting coils 11, 21 of the two sensor units 10, 20 generate oppositely directed magnetic fluxes 60, 70.
  • the transmitting coils 11, 21 of both sensor units 10, 20 are each connected to a generator which feeds the transmitting coils 11, 21 with alternating current, which in FIG. 1 is not shown for reasons of clarity.
  • the left sensor unit 10 When passing movement or passage of a wheel in the direction of movement 5, ie in this case from left to on the right, the left sensor unit 10 will first generate a received signal. If the wheel continues to roll, the field of the transmitting coil 21 of the right-hand sensor unit 20 is also increasingly distorted as a result. However, this field distortion additionally influences the received signal or the received voltage in the right receiver coil 13 of the left sensor unit 10 in such a way that the amplitude of the received signal, ie the received voltage, increases and the received signal as such therefore remains longer overall or decreases comparatively slowly when the wheel is traveling.
  • This effect is advantageously symmetrical to the effect that an object moving past the sensor device 1 in the form of the wheel in the middle of the sensor device 1 respectively increases the reception voltages of the central receiver coils 13, 22 with the participation of magnetic fields or magnetic fluxes 60, 70 of both transmit coils 11, 21 leads.
  • this results in an increase of the signal overlap in a wheel crossing associated with a received signal increase.
  • This is advantageous especially at low signal levels, since this avoids interference due to insufficient overlap times.
  • the receiving coils 12, 13 and 22, 23 are arranged such that the longitudinal axes 11a, 21a of the transmitting coils 11 and 21 of the sensor units 10, 20, the receiving coils 12, 13 and 22, 23 of the sensor units 10, 20 outside of the respective transmitting coil 11 and 21 intersect.
  • the sensor device 1 is further designed such that with respect to the direction of movement 5 each one of the two receiving coils 13 and 22 between the transmitting coils 11, 21 of the sensor units 10, 20 is arranged and the respective receiving coils 13, 22 have the same sense of winding. As a result, a further increase in the signal overlap of the two sensor units 10, 20 is achieved.
  • the receiving coils 12, 13 and 22, 23 of the respective sensor unit 10 and 20 are arranged symmetrically relative to the transmitting coil 11 and 21 of the respective sensor unit 10 ,.20 relative to the movement direction 5.
  • a corresponding symmetrical arrangement is advantageous both in terms of the space required by the sensor device and in terms of its flexible applicability.
  • the sensor device 1 has a housing 30 enclosing both sensor units 10, 20.
  • the receiving coils 13 and 22 arranged between the transmitting coils 11, 21 of the two sensor units 10, 20 it should be noted that in principle the position of these two receiving coils 13, 22 could be interchanged with one another.
  • the sensor unit 10 would thus comprise the receiver coils 12 and 22 and the sensor unit 20 would comprise the receiver coils 13 and 23, ie the two sensor units 10, 20 would "overlap" relative to the direction of movement 5, ie in the present case the rail longitudinal direction.
  • a corresponding permutation of the position of the receiving coils 13, 21 is possible because the opposite orientation of the magnetic fluxes 60, 70 of the transmitting coils 11, 21 for the respective receiving coils 13, 22 results in received signals in the form of voltages with the same sign. This advantageously makes it possible, depending on the particular circumstances and requirements to vary the overlap of the receiving voltages of the receiving coils 12, 13, 22, 23.
  • the sensor units 10 and 20, as an alternative to the representation of the FIG. 1 could also be inclined or tilted to the rail 100. In this case, therefore, the entire system comprising the transmitting coils 11, 21 and the receiving coils 12, 13, 22, 23 would be arranged rotated about an axis parallel to the rail longitudinal direction.
  • the transmitting coils 11, 21 and the receiving coils 12, 13, 22, 23 are advantageously completely free of ferromagnetic materials, i. as air coils, built.
  • the said coils can be advantageously carried out as part of oscillating circuits, resulting in an increase in sensitivity depending on the particular circumstances.
  • FIG. 2 shows in a further schematic sketch in a plan view of a representation with a section of the sensor device according to the invention according to the embodiment of FIG. 1 , It is different from FIG. 1 for reasons of clarity, only the left sensor unit 10 of the sensor device 1 is shown. Regardless of this, the sensor device 1 according to the illustration of FIG. 1 a further also arranged in the region of the rail head 110 corresponding sensor unit.
  • the sensor unit 10 comprises analogous to the representation of FIG. 1 a transmitting coil 11 and two receiving coils 12 and 13.
  • the receiving coils 12, 13 in this case connected in series with each other in series, so that the individual received signals of the two receiving coils 12, 13 subtract and can be tapped as a signal voltage U.
  • the signal voltage U is fed to an evaluation device 40, which is spaced from the sensor unit 10 in a separate Housing 50 is arranged, which may be part of a track connection housing, for example.
  • resulting from the opposing interconnection of the two receiving coils 12, 13 advantageously a substantial compensation of interference fields, which may be caused for example by rail currents.
  • the embodiment of the sensor device 1 according to the invention explained with reference to the figures has the advantage that in particular the opposing magnetic fluxes 60, 70 generated by the transmitting coils 11, 21 increase the signal overlap of the receiving coils 12, 13 and 22, 23, respectively lead, which is favorable especially at low signal levels with regard to the avoidance of interference due to insufficient overlap times. Furthermore, advantageously, the subtraction of two received signals or voltages of different sign per sensor unit 10, 20 and the additional influence of the adjacent sensor unit 10 or 20 on the respective received voltage causes the field deflection caused by a passing or approaching object to be exploited several times. This has an advantageous effect on the overall signal course of the sensor device 1 in that it has an increased sensitivity.
  • the field compensating structure of the sensor device 1 with transmitting coils 11, 21 and receiving coils 12, 13, 22, 23 advantageously also increases the immunity to interference with respect to external sources.
  • the sensor device 1 described above is thus particularly powerful and in particular allows a particularly reliable detection of the direction of movement of the objects to be detected.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Geophysics And Detection Of Objects (AREA)
  • Measurement Of Length, Angles, Or The Like Using Electric Or Magnetic Means (AREA)
  • Train Traffic Observation, Control, And Security (AREA)

Description

Sensoreinrichtungen zum Erfassen von Magnetfeldänderungen werden in unterschiedlichen technischen Bereichen eingesetzt, wie beispielsweise in der Industrieautomatisierung oder der Eisenbahnautomatisierung. Beispielsweise werden entsprechende Sensoreinrichtungen in der Eisenbahnautomatisierung in Form von nach einem induktiven Wirkprinzip arbeitenden Radsensoren beziehungsweise Achszählsensoren insbesondere im Bereich der Gleisfreimeldetechnik verwendet. So ist etwa aus der deutschen Offenlegungsschrift DE 10 2012 212 939 A1 ein Radsensor bekannt, der zwei Empfangsspulen sowie eine bezogen auf die Schienenlängsrichtung zwischen den Empfangsspulen angeordnete wechselstromgespeiste Sendespule umfasst. Aus dem Dokument EP 0 340 660 A2 ist eine Einrichtung an Gleiswegen zur Erzeugung von Anwesenheitskriterien schienengebundener Räder bekannt, welche eine Sensoreinrichtung umfasst, die eine wechselstromgespeiste Sendespule, und zwei zugeordnete Empfängerspulen umfasst.Sensor devices for detecting magnetic field changes are used in various technical fields, such as in industrial automation or railway automation. By way of example, corresponding sensor devices in railway automation are used in the form of wheel sensors or axle counting sensors operating according to an inductive principle, in particular in the field of train detection technology. Such is for example from the German patent application DE 10 2012 212 939 A1 a wheel sensor is known, comprising two receiving coils and arranged with respect to the rail longitudinal direction between the receiving coils AC-powered transmitting coil. From the document EP 0 340 660 A2 For example, there is known a device on track ways for generating presence criteria of rail-bound wheels, which comprises a sensor device comprising an AC-powered transmitter coil, and two associated receiver coils.

Bei Sensoreinrichtungen zum Erfassen einer Magnetfeldänderung in Form von zur Achszählung verwendeten Radsensoren werden zur Fahrtrichtungserkennung üblicherweise Doppelsensorsysteme, d.h. Sensoreinrichtungen mit zwei Sensoreinheiten, verwendet. Dabei überlappen sich die von den beiden Sensoreinheiten erfassten Empfangssignale bei einer Radüberfahrt zeitlich derart, dass aus der Abfolge der Signale in einer Auswerteeinrichtung die Fahrtrichtung ermittelt werden kann. Bei einem entsprechenden Doppelsystem ist somit die Überlappung der Empfangssignale im Rahmen der Fahrtrichtungserkennung von großer Bedeutung. Dabei ist zu berücksichtigen, dass entsprechende Doppelsysteme üblicherweise in einem gemeinsamen Gehäuse hintereinander in Schienenlängsrichtung am Gleis angeordnet sind, wodurch sich physikalisch bedingt bei einer Radüberfahrt nur eine begrenzte Signalüberlappung ergibt, deren Ausprägung insbesondere von dem Durchmesser des jeweiligen zu detektierenden Rades abhängt. So nimmt die Überlappung der Empfangssignale bei Rädern kleinen Durchmessers oder auch generell bei einer vergleichsweise geringen Beeinflussung der jeweiligen Empfangssignale durch ein sich der Sensoreinrichtung annäherndes beziehungsweise an dieser vorbeibewegendes Rad üblicherweise ab. Dies kann letztlich zu Störungen dahingehend führen, dass seitens einer an die beiden Sensoreinheiten angebundenen Auswerteeinrichtung etwa aufgrund einer Unterschreitung einer minimalen Überlappungszeit keine gesicherte Zuordnung der Signale der beiden Sensoreinheiten und damit im Ergebnis keine zuverlässige Fahrtrichtungserkennung mehr möglich ist.For sensor devices for detecting a magnetic field change in the form of wheel sensors used for axle counting, double-sensor systems, ie sensor devices with two sensor units, are usually used for detecting the direction of travel. In this case, the received signals detected by the two sensor units overlap in time during a wheel travel such that the direction of travel can be determined from the sequence of the signals in an evaluation device. In the case of a corresponding double system, the overlapping of the received signals within the scope of the direction of travel detection is therefore of great importance. It should be noted that corresponding double systems are usually arranged in a common housing one behind the other in the rail longitudinal direction on the track, which results in physically limited wheel overlap only limited signal overlap, the expression depends in particular on the diameter of the respective wheel to be detected. Thus, the overlap of the received signals at wheels of small diameter or generally with a comparatively slight influence on the respective receive signals by a sensor device approaching or passing by this wheel usually from. This can ultimately lead to disruptions to the effect that on the part of an evaluation device connected to the two sensor units, for example due to a shortfall in a minimum overlap time, no reliable assignment of the signals of the two sensor units and, as a result, reliable detection of the direction of travel is no longer possible.

Der vorliegenden Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, eine Sensoreinrichtung zum Erfassen einer Magnetfeldänderung, die durch ein sich in einer Bewegungsrichtung der Sensoreinrichtung annäherndes oder in der Bewegungsrichtung an der Sensoreinrichtung vorbeibewegendes Objekt verursacht ist, anzugeben, die besonders leistungsfähig ist und insbesondere eine besonders zuverlässige Erkennung der Bewegungsrichtung des Objekts ermöglicht.The present invention has for its object to provide a sensor device for detecting a magnetic field change, which is caused by an approaching in a direction of movement of the sensor device or moving in the direction of movement of the sensor device object to specify that is particularly powerful and in particular a particularly reliable detection of Movement direction of the object allows.

Diese Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß gelöst durch eine Sensoreinrichtung zum Erfassen einer Magnetfeldänderung, die durch ein sich in einer Bewegungsrichtung der Sensoreinrichtung annäherndes oder in der Bewegungsrichtung an der Sensoreinrichtung vorbeibewegendes Objekt verursacht ist, wobei die Sensoreinrichtung zwei Sensoreinheiten aufweist, wobei jede der Sensoreinheiten zwei Empfangsspulen sowie eine bezogen auf die Bewegungsrichtung zwischen den Empfangsspulen angeordnete wechselstromgespeiste Sendespule umfasst, wobei die Längsachsen der Empfangsspulen beider Sensoreinheiten im Wesentlichen senkrecht zur Bewegungsrichtung ausgerichtet sind, wobei die Längsachsen der Sendespulen beider Sensoreinheiten im Wesentlichen parallel zur Bewegungsrichtung ausgerichtet sind, wobei die Sendespulen der beiden Sensoreinheiten bezogen auf die Bewegungsrichtung hintereinander angeordnet sind, und wobei die Sensoreinrichtung derart ausgebildet ist, dass die Sendespulen der beiden Sensoreinheiten einander entgegengerichtete magnetische Flüsse erzeugen.This object is achieved by a sensor device for detecting a magnetic field change, which is caused by an approaching in a direction of movement of the sensor device or in the direction of movement of the sensor device passing object, wherein the sensor device comprises two sensor units, each of the sensor units two receiving coils and a wherein the longitudinal axes of the receiving coils of both sensor units are aligned substantially perpendicular to the direction of movement, wherein the longitudinal axes of the transmitting coils of both sensor units are aligned substantially parallel to the direction of movement, wherein the transmitting coils of the two sensor units based on the direction of movement are arranged one behind the other, and wherein the sensor device is designed such that the transmitting coils of the two Sensoreinh generate oppositely directed magnetic fluxes.

Die erfindungsgemäße Sensoreinrichtung zum Erfassen einer Magnetfeldänderung, die durch ein sich in einer Bewegungsrichtung der Sensoreinrichtung annäherndes oder in der Bewegungsrichtung an der Sensoreinrichtung vorbeibewegendes Objekt verursacht ist, zeichnet sich somit zunächst dadurch aus, dass sie zwei Sensoreinheiten aufweist. Die Sensoreinrichtung ist somit als zur Erkennung der Bewegungsrichtung des sich annähernden oder an der Sensoreinrichtung vorbeibewegenden Objekts geeignetes Doppelsensorsystem ausgeführt.The sensor device according to the invention for detecting a change in magnetic field, which is caused by an object approaching in a direction of movement of the sensor device or moving past the sensor device in the direction of movement, thus initially distinguishes itself by having two sensor units. The sensor device is thus designed as a double sensor system suitable for detecting the direction of movement of the object approaching or moving past the sensor device.

Erfindungsgemäß umfasst hierbei jede der Sensoreinheiten zwei Empfangsspulen sowie eine bezogen auf die Bewegungsrichtung zwischen den Empfangsspulen angeordnete wechselstromgespeiste Sendespule. Durch die jeweilige wechselstromgespeiste Sendespule wird somit ein Magnetfeld beziehungsweise ein magnetischer Fluss erzeugt, dessen Veränderung durch das sich annähernde beziehungsweise vorbeibewegende Objekt mittels der Empfangsspulen detektiert wird.According to the invention, each of the sensor units here comprises two receiver coils and one alternating-current-fed transmitter coil arranged between the receiver coils relative to the direction of movement. By the respective AC-powered transmitting coil thus a magnetic field or a magnetic flux is generated, the change is detected by the approaching or passing object by means of the receiving coils.

Die erfindungsgemäße Sensoreinrichtung zeichnet sich weiterhin dadurch aus, dass die Längsachsen der Empfangsspulen beider Sensoreinheiten senkrecht beziehungsweise zumindest im Wesentlichen senkrecht zur Bewegungsrichtung ausgerichtet sind. Dies bedeutet, dass die Sensoreinrichtung für ihren bestimmungsgemäßen Betrieb gerade derart angeordnet beziehungsweise montiert wird, dass die Längsachsen der Empfangsspulen beider Sensoreinheiten so ausgerichtet sind, dass sich das zu detektierende Objekt in der Bewegungsrichtung senkrecht zu den Längsachsen der Empfangsspulen annähert beziehungsweise an der Sensoreinrichtung vorbeibewegt.The sensor device according to the invention is further characterized in that the longitudinal axes of the receiving coils of both sensor units are aligned perpendicularly or at least substantially perpendicular to the direction of movement. This means that the sensor device for its intended operation is arranged or mounted just in such a way that the longitudinal axes of the receiver coils of both sensor units are aligned so that the object to be detected approaches in the direction of movement perpendicular to the longitudinal axes of the receiver coils or moves past the sensor device.

Erfindungsgemäß sind die Längsachsen der Sendespulen beider Sensoreinheiten parallel beziehungsweise zumindest im Wesentlichen parallel zur Bewegungsrichtung ausgerichtet. Folglich stehen insbesondere auch die Längsachsen der Sendespulen sowie der Empfangsspulen senkrecht beziehungsweise zumindest im Wesentlichen senkrecht zueinander.According to the invention, the longitudinal axes of the transmitting coils of both sensor units are aligned parallel or at least substantially parallel to the direction of movement. Consequently, in particular, the longitudinal axes of the transmitting coils and the receiving coils are perpendicular or at least substantially perpendicular to each other.

Die Sendespulen der beiden Sensoreinheiten der erfindungsgemäßen Sensoreinrichtung sind bezogen auf die Bewegungsrichtung hintereinander angeordnet. Darüber hinaus ist die erfindungsgemäße Sensoreinrichtung derart ausgebildet, dass die Sendespulen der Sensoreinheiten einander entgegengerichtete magnetische Flüsse erzeugen.The transmitting coils of the two sensor units of the sensor device according to the invention are arranged one behind the other with respect to the direction of movement. In addition, the sensor device according to the invention is designed such that the transmitting coils of the sensor units generate opposite magnetic fluxes.

Die erfindungsgemäße Sensoreinrichtung ist vorteilhaft, da sich aufgrund der Anordnung und Ausrichtung der Sende- und Empfangsspulen sowie der entgegengerichteten magnetischen Flüsse der Sendespulen eine besonders ausgeprägte zeitliche Überlappung der mittels der jeweiligen Empfangsspulen erfassten Empfangssignale der beiden Sensoreinheiten ergibt. Dies ist insbesondere bei kleinen Signalpegeln dahingehend vorteilhaft, dass durch zu geringe Überlappungszeiten der Empfangssignale der beiden Sensoreinheiten verursachte Störungen im Zusammenhang mit einer Erkennung der Bewegungsrichtung des zu detektierenden Objektes vermieden beziehungsweise im Vergleich zu vorbekannten Sensoreinrichtungen zumindest reduziert werden. Darüber hinaus wird durch den Einfluss der benachbarten Sensoreinheiten die durch das sich annähernde beziehungsweise vorbeibewegende Objekt verursachte Ablenkung beziehungsweise Änderung des magnetischen Feldes beziehungsweise des magnetischen Flusses derart vorteilhaft ausgenutzt, dass die erfindungsgemäße Sensoreinrichtung eine besonders hohe Empfindlichkeit in Bezug auf eine Detektion des Objekts aufweist.The sensor device according to the invention is advantageous because, due to the arrangement and orientation of the transmitting and receiving coils and the oppositely directed magnetic fluxes of the transmitting coils, a particularly pronounced temporal overlap of the received signals of the two sensor units detected by the respective receiving coils results. This is particularly advantageous in the case of small signal levels in that disturbances caused by insufficient overlapping times of the received signals of the two sensor units in connection with detection of the direction of movement of the object to be detected are avoided or at least reduced in comparison to previously known sensor devices. In addition, due to the influence of the adjacent sensor units, the deflection or change in the magnetic field or the magnetic flux caused by the approaching or moving object is advantageously utilized such that the sensor device according to the invention has a particularly high sensitivity with respect to a detection of the object.

Gemäß einer besonders bevorzugten Ausführungsform der erfindungsgemäßen Sensoreinrichtung sind die Sendespulen und die Empfangsspulen beider Sensoreinheiten bezogen auf die Bewegungsrichtung hintereinander angeordnet. Dies bedeutet, dass alle insgesamt sechs Spulen der Sensoreinrichtung in Bewegungsrichtung hintereinander angeordnet sind. Dies bietet den Vorteil, dass Störeinflüsse zwischen den beiden Sensoreinheiten beziehungsweise deren Spulensystemen vermieden und eine zuverlässige Detektion des Objekts sowie seiner Bewegungsrichtung ermöglicht wird.According to a particularly preferred embodiment of the sensor device according to the invention, the transmitting coils and the receiving coils of both sensor units are arranged one behind the other with respect to the direction of movement. This means that all six coils of the sensor device are arranged one behind the other in the direction of movement. This offers the advantage that interference between the two sensor units or their coil systems is avoided and reliable detection of the object and its direction of movement is made possible.

Vorteilhafterweise kann die erfindungsgemäße Sensoreinrichtung auch derart weitergebildet sein, dass für jede der beiden Sensoreinheiten die Empfangsspulen derart angeordnet sind, dass die Längsachse der Sendespule der jeweiligen Sensoreinheit die Empfangsspulen der betreffenden Sensoreinheit außerhalb der Sendespule schneidet. Mit anderen Worten bedeutet dies, dass die Empfangsspulen und die Sendespule der jeweiligen Sensoreinheit im Wesentlichen in einer Ebene angeordnet sind. Für den Fall einer Sensoreinrichtung in Form eines an einer Schiene montierten Radsensors ergibt sich hierbei, dass die Empfangsspulen sowie die Sendespule der jeweiligen Sensoreinheiten horizontal auf gleicher Höhe angeordnet sind.Advantageously, the sensor device according to the invention can also be developed in such a way that the receiver coils are arranged for each of the two sensor units such that the longitudinal axis of the transmitter coil of the respective sensor unit intersects the receiver coils of the relevant sensor unit outside the transmitter coil. In other words, this means that the receiver coils and the transmitter coil of the respective sensor unit are arranged substantially in one plane. In the case of a sensor device in the form of a wheel sensor mounted on a rail, it results here that the receiver coils and the transmitter coil of the respective sensor units are arranged horizontally at the same height.

Gemäß einer weiteren besonders bevorzugten Ausführungsform der erfindungsgemäßen Sensoreinrichtung sind für jede der beiden Sensoreinheiten die Empfangsspulen jeweils gegensinnig miteinander in Reihe verschaltet. Dies bietet den Vorteil, dass die gegensinnige Verschaltung der Empfangsspulen sowie ihre Anordnung in Bezug auf die jeweilige Sendespule dazu führen, dass sich durch ein vorbeibewegendes beziehungsweise annäherndes Objekt verursachte Signalspannungen addieren, während sich Empfangsstörspannungen, die durch ein äußeres magnetisches Störfeld verursacht sind, durch die gegensinnige Verschaltung der Empfangsspulen subtrahieren und damit vollständig oder zumindest weitgehend kompensieren beziehungsweise auslöschen. Dabei ist zu berücksichtigen, dass induktiv arbeitende Sensoreinrichtungen üblicherweise vergleichsweise störempfindlich sind gegenüber Störungen, deren Frequenz der Arbeitsfrequenz der jeweiligen Sensoreinrichtung entspricht. Im Falle von Sensoreinrichtungen in Form von Radsensoren können entsprechende Störspannungen beispielsweise durch Schienenströme entstehen. Hierbei erzeugt der durch die Schiene fließende Rückleiterstrom einer Lokomotive (beziehungsweise dessen Oberwellenanteil) ein Störsignal, das in Form von Schwebungen von der Sensoreinrichtung empfangen wird. Entsprechende Schwebungen lassen sich üblicherweise nicht ohne weiteres von den durch eine Beeinflussung durch ein sich vorbeibewegendes Rad eines Schienenfahrzeugs verursachten Signalen trennen beziehungsweise unterscheiden. Weiterhin können Störungen beispielsweise auch durch benachbarte Sensoreinrichtungen mit gleicher Arbeitsfrequenz verursacht werden. Unabhängig von der Art und Herkunft der jeweiligen Störsignale zeichnet sich die zuvor genannte bevorzugte Weiterbildung der erfindungsgemäßen Sensoreinrichtung aufgrund der gegensinnigen Verschaltung der jeweiligen Empfangsspulen der beiden Sensoreinheiten durch eine besonders ausgeprägte Störunempfindlichkeit aus. Vorteilhafterweise sind die beiden Empfangsspulen dabei für jede der beiden Sensoreinheiten zwecks Erzielung einer bestmöglichen Störfeldkompensation dahingehend gleich aufgebaut, dass sie etwa in Bezug auf ihre Geometrie sowie ihre Windungszahl übereinstimmen.According to a further particularly preferred embodiment of the sensor device according to the invention, the receiving coils are respectively connected in opposite directions to each other in series for each of the two sensor units. This offers the advantage that the opposing interconnection of the receiving coils and their arrangement with respect to the respective transmitting coil lead to add signal voltages caused by a passing or approaching object, while receiving interference voltages, which are caused by an external magnetic interference field, by the subtract opposing interconnection of the receiver coils and thus completely or at least largely compensate or cancel. It should be noted that inductively operating sensor devices are usually relatively sensitive to disturbances whose frequency corresponds to the operating frequency of the respective sensor device. In the case of sensor devices in the form of wheel sensors corresponding interference voltages can arise, for example, by rail currents. In this case, the return current flowing through the rail of a locomotive (or its harmonic content) generates an interference signal which is received in the form of beats from the sensor device. Appropriate beats are usually not without Separate or differentiate further from the signals caused by an influence of a passing wheel of a rail vehicle. Furthermore, disturbances can also be caused for example by adjacent sensor devices with the same operating frequency. Regardless of the type and origin of the respective interference signals, the aforementioned preferred development of the sensor device according to the invention is characterized by a particularly pronounced immunity to interference due to the opposing interconnection of the respective receiving coils of the two sensor units. Advantageously, the two receiving coils are constructed in the same way for each of the two sensor units in order to achieve the best possible interference field compensation in such a way that they coincide approximately in relation to their geometry and their number of turns.

Vorzugsweise kann die erfindungsgemäße Sensoreinrichtung auch derart weitergebildet sein, dass bezogen auf die Bewegungsrichtung jeweils eine der beiden Empfangsspulen der beiden Sensoreinheiten zwischen den Sendespulen der beiden Sensoreinheiten angeordnet ist und die betreffenden Empfangsspulen denselben Wicklungssinn aufweisen. Dies ist vorteilhaft, da sich hierdurch insbesondere im Überlappungsbereich der beiden Sensoreinheiten, d.h. für solche Positionen des zu detektierenden Objekts, die eine signifikante Beeinflussung der beiden betreffenden Empfangsspulen bewirken, ein besonders günstiger Signalverlauf insbesondere im Hinblick auf eine zuverlässige Erkennung der Bewegungsrichtung des Objekts ergibt.Preferably, the sensor device according to the invention can also be developed such that, relative to the direction of movement, one of the two receiving coils of the two sensor units is arranged between the transmitting coils of the two sensor units and the respective receiving coils have the same winding sense. This is advantageous since, as a result, in particular in the overlapping region of the two sensor units, i. for such positions of the object to be detected, which cause a significant influence on the two respective receiving coils, a particularly favorable signal curve, in particular with regard to reliable detection of the direction of movement of the object results.

Gemäß einer weiteren besonders bevorzugten Ausführungsform der erfindungsgemäßen Sensoreinrichtung sind für jede der beiden Sensoreinheiten die Empfangsspulen der jeweiligen Sensoreinheit bezogen auf die Bewegungsrichtung symmetrisch zur Sendespule der jeweiligen Sensoreinheit angeordnet. Eine entsprechende symmetrische Anordnung in Bezug auf die Sendespule ist dahingehend vorteilhaft, dass sich hierdurch ein besonders einfacher und platzsparender Aufbau der Sensoreinrichtung ergibt und diese aufgrund der Symmetrie weiterhin besonders flexibel einsetzbar ist.According to a further particularly preferred embodiment of the sensor device according to the invention, the receiving coils of the respective sensor unit are arranged symmetrically to the transmitting coil of the respective sensor unit with respect to the movement direction for each of the two sensor units. A corresponding symmetrical arrangement with respect to the transmitting coil is advantageous in that this results in a particularly simple and space-saving construction of the sensor device yields and this is due to the symmetry continues to be particularly flexible.

Vorzugsweise kann die erfindungsgemäße Sensoreinrichtung auch derart weitergebildet sein, dass die Sendespulen der beiden Sensoreinheiten mit Wechselstrom gleicher Frequenz gespeist sind. Dies bietet den Vorteil, dass die Notwendigkeit der Bereitstellung von Wechselstrom beziehungsweise Wechselspannung unterschiedlicher Frequenz vermieden wird und gleichzeitig erreicht wird, dass sich die durch die Sendespulen erzeugten magnetischen Flüsse betragsmäßig entsprechen, wodurch sich eine diesbezüglich symmetrische Ausgestaltung ergibt, die in Bezug auf eine zuverlässige Detektion des Objekts sowie dessen Bewegungsrichtung besonders günstig ist. Vorteilhafterweise kann die erfindungsgemäße Sensoreinrichtung hierbei weiterhin derart ausgestaltet sein, dass sie einen die Sendespulen beider Sensoreinheiten mit Wechselstrom speisenden Generator aufweist.Preferably, the sensor device according to the invention can also be developed such that the transmitting coils of the two sensor units are fed with alternating current of the same frequency. This has the advantage of avoiding the necessity of providing alternating current or alternating voltage of different frequencies, while at the same time achieving the magnitude of the magnetic fluxes generated by the transmitting coils, which results in a symmetrical configuration with respect to reliable detection of the object and its direction of movement is particularly favorable. In this case, the sensor device according to the invention can advantageously also be configured in such a way that it has a generator which feeds the transmitting coils of both sensor units with alternating current.

Gemäß einer weiteren besonders bevorzugten Ausführungsform der erfindungsgemäßen Sensoreinrichtung weist diese ein beide Sensoreinheiten umschließendes Gehäuse auf. Dies ist vorteilhaft, da hierdurch im Vergleich zu einer ebenfalls denkbaren Ausführungsform, bei der jede der Sensoreinheiten ein eigenes Gehäuse aufweist, Kosten sowie Platz eingespart werden.According to a further particularly preferred embodiment of the sensor device according to the invention, this has a housing enclosing both sensor units. This is advantageous because in comparison to a likewise conceivable embodiment, in which each of the sensor units has its own housing, costs and space are saved.

Gemäß einer weiteren bevorzugten Weiterbildung der erfindungsgemäßen Sensoreinrichtung umfasst diese eine an die Empfangsspulen beider Sensoreinheiten angebundene Auswerteeinrichtung. Der Auswerteeinrichtung wird es damit ermöglicht, die Empfangssignale der beiden Sensoreinheiten sowohl jeweils für sich als auch in Kombination miteinander auszuwerten. Hierdurch ergeben sich Vorteile in Bezug auf die Zuverlässigkeit sowohl der Detektion des jeweiligen Objekts als solchen als auch der Erkennung der Bewegungsrichtung des Objekts.According to a further preferred development of the sensor device according to the invention, this comprises an evaluation device connected to the receiving coils of both sensor units. The evaluation device is thereby enabled to evaluate the received signals of the two sensor units both individually and in combination with each other. This results in advantages in terms of the reliability of both the detection of the respective object as such and the detection of the direction of movement of the object.

Grundsätzlich ist es denkbar, dass die Auswerteeinrichtung gemeinsam mit den beiden Sensoreinheiten in einem Gehäuse angeordnet ist. Dies bietet sich insbesondere in solchen Fällen an, in denen sich hierdurch keine Nachteile für den Betrieb sowie gegebenenfalls die Wartung der Auswerteeinrichtung, etwa aufgrund von Rand- oder Umgebungsbedingungen, ergeben.In principle, it is conceivable that the evaluation device is arranged together with the two sensor units in a housing is. This is particularly suitable in cases where this results in no disadvantages for the operation and possibly the maintenance of the evaluation, such as due to boundary or environmental conditions.

Vorzugsweise kann die erfindungsgemäße Sensoreinrichtung auch derart weitergebildet sein, dass die Auswerteeinrichtung in einem von den Sensoreinheiten getrennten Gehäuse angeordnet ist. In Abhängigkeit vom jeweiligen Anwendungsfall können sich hierdurch Vorteile insbesondere in Bezug auf die Einwirkung von mechanischen oder elektrischen Störungen auf die Auswerteeinrichtung, in Bezug auf den für die Auswerteeinrichtung verfügbaren Platz und/oder in Bezug auf die Zugänglichkeit der Auswerteeinrichtung ergeben. So ist es beispielsweise im Falle von Sensoreinrichtungen in Form von Radsensoren häufig günstig, die Auswerteeinrichtung beabstandet von den unmittelbar am Gleis montierten Sensoreinheiten anzuordnen. So werden entsprechende Auswerteeinrichtungen in diesem Fall üblicherweise in einem in der Regel einige Meter von den Sensoreinheiten entfernten Gleisanschlussgehäuse untergebracht. Hierdurch ergeben sich einerseits Vorteile in Bezug auf den für die Auswerteinrichtung verfügbaren Platz sowie den Schutz vor unmittelbar im Bereich der Schiene einwirkenden mechanischen oder elektrischen Störeinflüssen. Andererseits ist die Auswerteeinrichtung im Falle von Wartungs- oder Reparaturarbeiten vorteilhafterweise zugänglich, ohne dass hierbei Personal im gefährlichen Bereich unmittelbar am Gleis tätig werden muss.Preferably, the sensor device according to the invention can also be developed in such a way that the evaluation device is arranged in a separate housing from the sensor units. Depending on the particular application, this may result in particular advantages with regard to the impact of mechanical or electrical disturbances on the evaluation device, with respect to the space available for the evaluation device and / or with respect to the accessibility of the evaluation device. For example, in the case of sensor devices in the form of wheel sensors, it is often favorable to arrange the evaluation device at a distance from the sensor units mounted directly on the track. In this case, corresponding evaluation devices are usually accommodated in a track connection housing, which is generally removed a few meters from the sensor units. On the one hand, this results in advantages with regard to the space available for the evaluation device as well as the protection against mechanical or electrical interfering influences acting directly in the region of the rail. On the other hand, in the case of maintenance or repair work, the evaluation device is advantageously accessible without this having to involve personnel in the dangerous area directly on the track.

Gemäß einer weiteren besonders bevorzugten Ausführungsform der erfindungsgemäßen Sensoreinrichtung sind für jede der beiden Sensoreinheiten die Sendespule und/oder die Empfangsspule jeweils Bestandteil einer Schwingkreisschaltung. Dies ist im Hinblick auf eine Bereitstellung eines ausreichenden magnetischen Flusses insbesondere in Bezug auf die Sendespulen vorteilhaft.According to a further particularly preferred embodiment of the sensor device according to the invention, the transmitting coil and / or the receiving coil are each part of a resonant circuit for each of the two sensor units. This is advantageous in terms of providing sufficient magnetic flux especially with respect to the transmitting coils.

Vorzugsweise kann die erfindungsgemäße Sensoreinrichtung auch derart weitergebildet sein, dass für jede der beiden Sensoreinheiten die Sendespule und/oder die Empfangsspule frei von ferromagnetischen Materialien ausgebildet sind. Die Ausführung der jeweiligen Spulen frei von ferromagnetischen Materialien bietet den Vorteil, dass hierdurch induktive Störbeeinflussungen reduziert beziehungsweise vermieden werden.Preferably, the sensor device according to the invention can also be developed such that for each of the two sensor units, the transmitting coil and / or the receiving coil are formed free of ferromagnetic materials. The design of the respective coils free of ferromagnetic materials has the advantage that this inductive interference can be reduced or avoided.

Grundsätzlich kann die erfindungsgemäße Sensoreinrichtung für beliebige Zwecke, d.h. insbesondere zur Detektion von Objekten beliebiger Art, eingesetzt werden. Dies schließt beispielsweise einen Einsatz im Bereich der Industrieautomatisierung ein.In principle, the sensor device according to the invention can be used for any purpose, i. in particular for the detection of objects of any kind, can be used. This includes, for example, a use in the field of industrial automation.

Gemäß einer weiteren besonders bevorzugten Ausführungsform ist die erfindungsgemäße Sensoreinrichtung als Radsensor zum Erfassen einer Magnetfeldänderung ausgebildet, die durch ein Objekt in Form eines sich auf einer Schiene in der Bewegungsrichtung in Form der Schienenlängsrichtung annähernden oder in der Schienenlängsrichtung an dem Radsensor vorbeibewegenden Rades verursacht ist. Dies ist vorteilhaft, da entsprechende Radsensoren im Bereich der Eisenbahnautomatisierung vielfältige Anwendung finden und aufgrund der Anordnung der Sensoreinheiten der Sensoreinrichtung an der Schiene üblicherweise erheblichen Störeinflüssen ausgesetzt sind. Darüber hinaus ist insbesondere bei Verwendung entsprechender Radsensoren zur Gleisfreimeldung eine zuverlässige Detektion eines sich annähernden beziehungsweise vorbeibewegenden Rades sowie auch dessen Bewegungs- beziehungsweise Fahrtrichtung von größter Bedeutung. Damit kommen die Vorteile der erfindungsgemäßen Sensoreinrichtung im Falle einer als Radsensor ausgebildeten Sensoreinrichtung in besonderer Weise zur Geltung.According to a further particularly preferred embodiment, the sensor device according to the invention is designed as a wheel sensor for detecting a magnetic field change caused by an object in the form of a wheel approaching on a rail in the direction of movement in the form of the rail longitudinal direction or moving past the wheel sensor in the rail longitudinal direction. This is advantageous because corresponding wheel sensors find a wide variety of applications in the field of railway automation and, due to the arrangement of the sensor units of the sensor device on the rail, are usually exposed to considerable interference. In addition, a reliable detection of an approaching or passing wheel as well as its movement or direction of travel is of utmost importance especially when using appropriate wheel sensors for track vacancy. Thus, the advantages of the sensor device according to the invention in a case of trained as a wheel sensor sensor device come to advantage in a special way.

Die Erfindung umfasst des Weiteren eine Anlage des spurgebundenen Verkehrs, insbesondere eine Gleisfreimeldeanlage, mit zumindest einer erfindungsgemäßen Sensoreinrichtung beziehungsweise zumindest einer Sensoreinrichtung gemäß einer der zuvor beschriebenen bevorzugten Weiterbildungen der erfindungsgemäßen Sensoreinrichtung.The invention further includes an installation of the track-bound traffic, in particular a train detection system, with at least one sensor device according to the invention or at least one sensor device according to one of the previously described preferred developments of the sensor device according to the invention.

Im Folgenden wird die Erfindung anhand eines Ausführungsbeispiels näher erläutert. Hierzu zeigt

Figur 1
in einer schematischen Skizze eine seitliche perspektivische Darstellung einer Anordnung mit einem Ausführungsbeispiel der erfindungsgemäßen Sensoreinrichtung und
Figur 2
in einer weiteren schematischen Skizze in einer Draufsicht eine Darstellung mit einem Ausschnitt der erfindungsgemäßen Sensoreinrichtung gemäß dem Ausführungsbeispiel der Figur 1.
In the following the invention will be explained in more detail with reference to an embodiment. This shows
FIG. 1
in a schematic sketch, a lateral perspective view of an arrangement with an embodiment of the sensor device according to the invention and
FIG. 2
in a further schematic sketch in a plan view of a representation with a section of the sensor device according to the invention according to the embodiment of Figure 1.

Aus Gründen der Übersichtlichkeit werden in den Figuren für gleiche oder gleich wirkende Komponenten dieselben Bezugszeichen verwendet.For reasons of clarity, the same reference numerals are used in the figures for identical or equivalent components.

Figur 1 zeigt in einer schematischen Skizze eine seitliche perspektivische Darstellung einer Anordnung mit einem Ausführungsbeispiel der erfindungsgemäßen Sensoreinrichtung. Dargestellt ist eine Sensoreinrichtung 1 in Form eines im Bereich einer Schiene 100 angeordneten Radsensors. Dabei ist die Sensoreinrichtung 1 an der Schieneninnenseite angeordnet und in Bezug auf ihren Detektionsbereich derart nach oben ausgerichtet, dass sie den Spurkranz beziehungsweise die Lauffläche sich der Sensoreinrichtung 1 annähernder beziehungsweise an der Sensoreinrichtung 1 vorbeibewegender Eisenräder von Schienenfahrzeugen detektiert. FIG. 1 shows a schematic sketch of a lateral perspective view of an arrangement with an embodiment of the sensor device according to the invention. Shown is a sensor device 1 in the form of a arranged in the region of a rail 100 wheel sensor. In this case, the sensor device 1 is arranged on the inside of the rail and aligned with respect to their detection area in such a way that it detects the wheel flange or the running surface of the sensor device 1 or moving past the sensor device 1 iron wheels of rail vehicles.

Die Sensoreinrichtung 1 umfasst zwei Sensoreinheiten 10 und 20, die jeweils zwei Empfangsspulen 12, 13 bzw. 22, 23 aufweisen. Bezogen auf eine durch die Schienenlängsrichtung gegebene Bewegungsrichtung 5 ist dabei zwischen den Empfangsspulen 12, 13 bzw. 22, 23 jeweils eine wechselstromgespeiste Sendespule 11 bzw. 21 angeordnet.The sensor device 1 comprises two sensor units 10 and 20, each having two receiving coils 12, 13 and 22, 23. Relative to a given by the rail longitudinal direction of movement 5 is between the receiving coils 12, 13 and 22, 23 each have an AC-powered transmitting coil 11 and 21 respectively.

Entsprechend der Darstellung der Figur 1 sind die Längsachsen 12a, 13a, 22a, 23a der Empfangsspulen 12, 13 beziehungsweise 22, 23 der beiden Sensoreinheiten 10, 20 senkrecht zur Bewegungsrichtung 5 in Form der Schienenlängsrichtung ausgerichtet. Demgegenüber sind die Sendespulen 11, 21 derart angeordnet, dass ihre Längsachsen 11a, 21a parallel zur Bewegungsrichtung 5 und damit senkrecht zu den Längsachsen 12a, 13a, 22a, 23a der Empfangsspulen 12, 13, 22, 23 ausgerichtet sind. Weiterhin ist erkennbar, dass die Sendespulen 11, 21 sowie die Empfangsspulen 12, 13, 22, 23 beider Sensoreinheiten 10, 20 bezogen auf die Bewegungsrichtung 5 jeweils beabstandet hintereinander, d.h. in Schienenlängsrichtung gesehen "in einer Reihe", angeordnet sind.According to the presentation of the FIG. 1 the longitudinal axes 12a, 13a, 22a, 23a of the receiving coils 12, 13 and 22, 23 of the two sensor units 10, 20 aligned perpendicular to the direction of movement 5 in the form of the rail longitudinal direction. In contrast, the transmitting coils 11, 21 are arranged such that their longitudinal axes 11a, 21a are aligned parallel to the direction of movement 5 and thus perpendicular to the longitudinal axes 12a, 13a, 22a, 23a of the receiving coils 12, 13, 22, 23. Furthermore, it can be seen that the transmitting coils 11, 21 and the receiving coils 12, 13, 22, 23 of both sensor units 10, 20 with respect to the direction of movement 5 each spaced behind the other, ie in the rail longitudinal direction seen "in a row" are arranged.

Aufgrund der Ausrichtung und Anordnung der Sendespulen 11, 21 erzeugen diese Magnetfelder beziehungsweise magnetische Flüsse 60, 70, die im Wesentlichen horizontal entlang der Schiene 100 verlaufen. Aufgrund der zur Bewegungsrichtung 5 senkrechten Ausrichtung der Längsachsen 12a, 13a, 22a, 23a der Empfangsspulen 12, 13, 22, 23 induzieren die Sendespulen 11, 21 somit in den jeweiligen Empfangsspulen 12, 13 bzw. 22, 23 Spannungen, die in Abwesenheit von feldverzerrenden Materialien aufgrund der Lage der Empfangsspulen 12, 13, 22, 23 in der Mitte der Magnetfelder beziehungsweise magnetischen Flüsse 60, 70 äußerst gering wären. Der Schienenkopf 110 der Schiene 100 verursacht jedoch eine Feldverzerrung, durch die eine Feldunsymmetrie entsteht, die auch ohne Beeinflussung durch ein sich vorbeibewegendes Rad zu Empfangssignalen der Empfangsspulen 12, 13, 22, 23 in Form einer Signalruhespannung führt.Due to the orientation and arrangement of the transmitter coils 11, 21, these generate magnetic fields or magnetic fluxes 60, 70, which run essentially horizontally along the rail 100. Due to the orientation of the longitudinal axes 12a, 13a, 22a, 23a of the receiving coils 12, 13, 22, 23, which are perpendicular to the direction of movement 5, the transmitting coils 11, 21 thus induce voltages in the respective receiving coils 12, 13 and 22, 23, respectively Field distorting materials due to the location of the receiving coils 12, 13, 22, 23 in the middle of the magnetic fields or magnetic fluxes 60, 70 would be extremely low. However, the rail head 110 of the rail 100 causes a field distortion, through which a Feldunsymmetrie arises which leads to receiving signals of the receiving coils 12, 13, 22, 23 in the form of a signal arresting voltage without being influenced by a passing wheel.

Gemäß den in Figur 1 angedeuteten magnetischen Flüssen 60, 70 führt dies bezogen auf jede der beiden Sensoreinheiten 10, 20 dazu, dass die Magnetfeldlinien die jeweiligen beiden Empfangsspulen 12, 13 bzw. 22, 23 dieser Sensoreinheiten 10, 20 jeweils in gegensinniger Richtung durchfließen, so dass sich aufgrund des symmetrischen Aufbaus grundsätzlich für die beiden Empfangsspulen 12, 13 der linken Sensoreinheit 10 gleich hohe Signalspannungen mit entgegengesetzter Phasenlage ergeben würden. Gleiches gilt analog in Bezug auf die beiden Empfangsspulen 22, 23 der rechten Sensoreinheit 20. Wie weiter unten anhand von Figur 2 näher erläutert werden wird, sind die Empfangsspulen 12 und 13 bzw. 22 und 23 jeder der Sensoreinheiten 10, 20 jedoch vorteilhafterweise jeweils gegensinnig miteinander in Reihe verschaltet. Dies führt dazu, dass sich die von den Empfangsspulen 12, 13 bzw. 22, 23 erfassten, durch die magnetischen Flüsse 60, 70 bewirkten Signalspannungen vorteilhafterweise addieren. Hingegen wird ein äußeres magnetisches Störfeld, das in Figur 1 im Bereich der linken Sensoreinheit 10 mit dem Bezugszeichen 80 angedeutet ist und das beispielsweise durch Schienenströme verursacht sein kann, die Empfangsspulen 12, 13 der betreffenden Sensoreinheit 10 derart durchdringen, dass sich die Empfangsstörspannungen durch die gegensinnige Verschaltung der Empfangsspulen 12, 13 subtrahieren, also vollständig oder zumindest im Wesentlichen auslöschen.According to the in FIG. 1 With reference to each of the two sensor units 10, 20, this leads to the fact that the magnetic field lines the respective two receiving coils 12, 13 and 22, 23 of these sensor units 10, 20 in each case flow through in the opposite direction, so that due to the symmetrical structure basically equal signal voltages with opposite phase position would result for the two receiver coils 12, 13 of the left sensor unit 10. The same applies analogously with respect to the two receiving coils 22, 23 of the right-hand sensor unit 20. As explained below with reference to FIG FIG. 2 will be explained in more detail, however, the receiving coils 12 and 13 or 22 and 23 of each of the sensor units 10, 20 are advantageously connected in opposite directions in each case in series. As a result, the signal voltages detected by the receiving coils 12, 13 or 22, 23 and caused by the magnetic fluxes 60, 70 advantageously add up. On the other hand, an external magnetic noise field that is in FIG. 1 in the region of the left sensor unit 10 is indicated by the reference numeral 80 and may be caused for example by rail currents, the receiving coils 12, 13 of the relevant sensor unit 10 penetrate such that the received interference voltages by the opposite direction of the receiving coils 12, 13 subtract, so completely or at least essentially wipe out.

Die in Figur 1 dargestellte Sensoreinrichtung 1 zeichnet sich weiterhin insbesondere dadurch aus, dass die Sendespulen 11, 21 der beiden Sensoreinheiten 10, 20 einander entgegengerichtete magnetische Flüsse 60, 70 erzeugen. Vorteilhafterweise weisen die Sensoreinheiten 10, 20, die gemeinsam ein Doppelsystem bilden, hierbei dahingehend die gleiche Arbeitsfrequenz auf, dass die Sendespulen 11, 21 der beiden Sensoreinheiten 10, 20 mit Wechselstrom gleicher Frequenz gespeist sind. Dies kann beispielsweise dadurch realisiert werden, dass die Sendespulen 11, 21 beider Sensoreinheiten 10, 20 jeweils mit einem die Sendespulen 11, 21 mit Wechselstrom speisenden Generator verbunden sind, der in Figur 1 aus Gründen der Übersichtlichkeit nicht dargestellt ist.In the FIG. 1 illustrated sensor device 1 is further characterized in particular by the fact that the transmitting coils 11, 21 of the two sensor units 10, 20 generate oppositely directed magnetic fluxes 60, 70. Advantageously, the sensor units 10, 20, which together form a double system, in this case to the effect of the same operating frequency, that the transmitting coils 11, 21 of the two sensor units 10, 20 are fed with alternating current of the same frequency. This can be realized, for example, in that the transmitting coils 11, 21 of both sensor units 10, 20 are each connected to a generator which feeds the transmitting coils 11, 21 with alternating current, which in FIG. 1 is not shown for reasons of clarity.

Bei Vorbeibewegung beziehungsweise Überfahrt eines Rades in der Bewegungsrichtung 5, d.h. vorliegend von links nach rechts, wird zunächst die linke Sensoreinheit 10 ein Empfangssignal erzeugen. Rollt das Rad weiter, wird in der Folge auch das Feld der Sendespule 21 der rechten Sensoreinheit 20 immer stärker verzerrt. Diese Feldverzerrung beeinflusst jedoch zusätzlich dahingehend das Empfangssignal beziehungsweise die Empfangsspannung in der rechten Empfangsspule 13 der linken Sensoreinheit 10, dass die Amplitude des Empfangssignals, d.h. die Empfangsspannung, ansteigt und das Empfangssignal als solches somit bei Radüberfahrt insgesamt länger erhalten bleibt beziehungsweise vergleichsweise langsam abnimmt. Dieser Effekt ist vorteilhafterweise dahingehend symmetrisch, dass ein sich an der Sensoreinrichtung 1 vorbeibewegendes Objekt in Form des Rades in der Mitte der Sensoreinrichtung 1 jeweils zu einer Erhöhung der Empfangsspannungen der mittleren Empfangsspulen 13, 22 unter Beteiligung der Magnetfelder beziehungsweise magnetischen Flüsse 60, 70 beider Sendespulen 11, 21 führt. Im Ergebnis ergibt sich hierdurch somit eine Erhöhung der Signalüberlappung bei einer Radüberfahrt verbunden mit einer Empfangssignalerhöhung. Dies ist gerade bei kleinen Signalpegeln vorteilhaft, da hierdurch Störungen aufgrund zu geringer Überlappungszeiten vermieden werden. Letztlich führt dies dazu, dass die Sensoreinrichtung 1 mittels der beiden Sensoreinheiten 10, 20 besonders zuverlässig, auch unter schwierigen Bedingungen, eine Detektion sich annähernder beziehungsweise vorbeibewegender Räder sowie insbesondere der Bewegungsrichtung 5 der betreffenden Räder vornehmen kann.When passing movement or passage of a wheel in the direction of movement 5, ie in this case from left to on the right, the left sensor unit 10 will first generate a received signal. If the wheel continues to roll, the field of the transmitting coil 21 of the right-hand sensor unit 20 is also increasingly distorted as a result. However, this field distortion additionally influences the received signal or the received voltage in the right receiver coil 13 of the left sensor unit 10 in such a way that the amplitude of the received signal, ie the received voltage, increases and the received signal as such therefore remains longer overall or decreases comparatively slowly when the wheel is traveling. This effect is advantageously symmetrical to the effect that an object moving past the sensor device 1 in the form of the wheel in the middle of the sensor device 1 respectively increases the reception voltages of the central receiver coils 13, 22 with the participation of magnetic fields or magnetic fluxes 60, 70 of both transmit coils 11, 21 leads. As a result, this results in an increase of the signal overlap in a wheel crossing associated with a received signal increase. This is advantageous especially at low signal levels, since this avoids interference due to insufficient overlap times. Ultimately, this leads to the fact that the sensor device 1 by means of the two sensor units 10, 20 particularly reliable, even under difficult conditions, a detection of approaching or passing wheels and in particular the direction of movement 5 of the wheels can make.

Aus der Figur 1 ist weiterhin erkennbar, dass für jede der beiden Sensoreinheiten 10, 20 die Empfangsspulen 12, 13 beziehungsweise 22, 23 derart angeordnet sind, dass die Längsachsen 11a, 21a der Sendespulen 11 bzw. 21 der Sensoreinheiten 10, 20 die Empfangsspulen 12, 13 bzw. 22, 23 der Sensoreinheiten 10, 20 außerhalb der jeweiligen Sendespule 11 bzw. 21 schneiden. Mit anderen Worten bedeutet dies, dass die Sendespulen 11, 21 und die Empfangsspulen 12, 13, 22 und 23 im Wesentlichen horizontal auf gleicher Höhe angeordnet sind.From the FIG. 1 Furthermore, it can be seen that for each of the two sensor units 10, 20, the receiving coils 12, 13 and 22, 23 are arranged such that the longitudinal axes 11a, 21a of the transmitting coils 11 and 21 of the sensor units 10, 20, the receiving coils 12, 13 and 22, 23 of the sensor units 10, 20 outside of the respective transmitting coil 11 and 21 intersect. In other words, this means that the transmitting coils 11, 21 and the receiving coils 12, 13, 22 and 23 are arranged substantially horizontally at the same height.

Vorteilhafterweise ist die Sensoreinrichtung 1 weiterhin derart ausgeführt, dass bezogen auf die Bewegungsrichtung 5 jeweils eine der beiden Empfangsspulen 13 beziehungsweise 22 zwischen den Sendespulen 11, 21 der Sensoreinheiten 10, 20 angeordnet ist und die betreffenden Empfangsspulen 13, 22 denselben Wicklungssinn aufweisen. Hierdurch wird eine weitere Erhöhung der Signalüberlappung der beiden Sensoreinheiten 10, 20 erzielt.Advantageously, the sensor device 1 is further designed such that with respect to the direction of movement 5 each one of the two receiving coils 13 and 22 between the transmitting coils 11, 21 of the sensor units 10, 20 is arranged and the respective receiving coils 13, 22 have the same sense of winding. As a result, a further increase in the signal overlap of the two sensor units 10, 20 is achieved.

Entsprechend der Darstellung der Figur 1 sind die Empfangsspulen 12, 13 bzw. 22, 23 der jeweiligen Sensoreinheit 10 bzw. 20 bezogen auf die Bewegungsrichtung 5 symmetrisch zur Sendespule 11 bzw. 21 der jeweiligen Sensoreinheit 10 bzw.20 angeordnet. Eine entsprechende symmetrische Anordnung ist sowohl in Bezug auf den Platzbedarf der Sensoreinrichtung als auch in Bezug auf ihre flexible Einsetzbarkeit vorteilhaft.According to the presentation of the FIG. 1 the receiving coils 12, 13 and 22, 23 of the respective sensor unit 10 and 20 are arranged symmetrically relative to the transmitting coil 11 and 21 of the respective sensor unit 10 bzw.20 relative to the movement direction 5. A corresponding symmetrical arrangement is advantageous both in terms of the space required by the sensor device and in terms of its flexible applicability.

In dem dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiel weist die Sensoreinrichtung 1 ein beide Sensoreinheiten 10, 20 umschließendes Gehäuse 30 auf.In the exemplary embodiment illustrated, the sensor device 1 has a housing 30 enclosing both sensor units 10, 20.

Im Hinblick auf die zwischen den Sendespulen 11, 21 der beiden Sensoreinheiten 10, 20 angeordneten Empfangsspulen 13 und 22 ist anzumerken, dass grundsätzlich die Position dieser beiden Empfangsspulen 13, 22 miteinander vertauscht werden könnte. In Bezug auf die Darstellung der Figur 1 würde in diesem Fall somit die Sensoreinheit 10 die Empfangsspulen 12 und 22 und die Sensoreinheit 20 die Empfangsspulen 13 und 23 umfassen, d.h. die beiden Sensoreinheiten 10, 20 würden bezogen auf die Bewegungsrichtung 5, d.h. im vorliegenden Fall die Schienenlängsrichtung, "überlappen". Eine entsprechende Vertauschung der Position der Empfangsspulen 13, 21 ist möglich, da die entgegengesetzte Ausrichtung der magnetischen Flüsse 60, 70 der Sendespulen 11, 21 für die betreffenden Empfangsspulen 13, 22 Empfangssignale in Form von Spannungen mit gleichem Vorzeichen ergibt. Damit besteht vorteilhafterweise die Möglichkeit, in Abhängigkeit von den jeweiligen Gegebenheiten und Anforderungen die Überlappung der Empfangsspannungen der Empfangsspulen 12, 13, 22, 23 zu variieren.With regard to the receiving coils 13 and 22 arranged between the transmitting coils 11, 21 of the two sensor units 10, 20, it should be noted that in principle the position of these two receiving coils 13, 22 could be interchanged with one another. In terms of the presentation of the FIG. 1 In this case, the sensor unit 10 would thus comprise the receiver coils 12 and 22 and the sensor unit 20 would comprise the receiver coils 13 and 23, ie the two sensor units 10, 20 would "overlap" relative to the direction of movement 5, ie in the present case the rail longitudinal direction. A corresponding permutation of the position of the receiving coils 13, 21 is possible because the opposite orientation of the magnetic fluxes 60, 70 of the transmitting coils 11, 21 for the respective receiving coils 13, 22 results in received signals in the form of voltages with the same sign. This advantageously makes it possible, depending on the particular circumstances and requirements to vary the overlap of the receiving voltages of the receiving coils 12, 13, 22, 23.

Weiterhin ist darauf hinzuweisen, dass die Sensoreinheiten 10 und 20 alternativ zur Darstellung der Figur 1 auch zur Schiene 100 geneigt beziehungsweise gekippt angeordnet sein könnten. In diesem Fall wäre somit das gesamte System umfassend die Sendespulen 11, 21 sowie die Empfangsspulen 12, 13, 22, 23 um eine Achse parallel zur Schienenlängsrichtung gedreht angeordnet.It should also be pointed out that the sensor units 10 and 20, as an alternative to the representation of the FIG. 1 could also be inclined or tilted to the rail 100. In this case, therefore, the entire system comprising the transmitting coils 11, 21 and the receiving coils 12, 13, 22, 23 would be arranged rotated about an axis parallel to the rail longitudinal direction.

Die Sendespulen 11, 21 sowie die Empfangsspulen 12, 13, 22, 23 sind vorteilhafterweise vollständig frei von ferromagnetischen Materialien, d.h. als Luftspulen, aufgebaut. Darüber hinaus können die genannten Spulen vorteilhafterweise als Bestandteil von Schwingkreisen ausgeführt werden, wodurch sich in Abhängigkeit von den jeweiligen Gegebenheiten eine Erhöhung der Empfindlichkeit ergibt.The transmitting coils 11, 21 and the receiving coils 12, 13, 22, 23 are advantageously completely free of ferromagnetic materials, i. as air coils, built. In addition, the said coils can be advantageously carried out as part of oscillating circuits, resulting in an increase in sensitivity depending on the particular circumstances.

Figur 2 zeigt in einer weiteren schematischen Skizze in einer Draufsicht eine Darstellung mit einem Ausschnitt der erfindungsgemäßen Sensoreinrichtung gemäß dem Ausführungsbeispiel der Figur 1. Dabei ist im Unterschied zu Figur 1 aus Gründen der Übersichtlichkeit nur die linke Sensoreinheit 10 der Sensoreinrichtung 1 gezeigt. Unabhängig hiervon weist die Sensoreinrichtung 1 gemäß der Darstellung der Figur 1 eine weitere ebenfalls im Bereich des Schienenkopfes 110 angeordnete entsprechende Sensoreinheit auf. FIG. 2 shows in a further schematic sketch in a plan view of a representation with a section of the sensor device according to the invention according to the embodiment of FIG. 1 , It is different from FIG. 1 for reasons of clarity, only the left sensor unit 10 of the sensor device 1 is shown. Regardless of this, the sensor device 1 according to the illustration of FIG. 1 a further also arranged in the region of the rail head 110 corresponding sensor unit.

Die Sensoreinheit 10 umfasst analog zur Darstellung der Figur 1 eine Sendespule 11 sowie zwei Empfangsspulen 12 und 13. Gemäß der Darstellung der Figur 2 sind die Empfangsspulen 12, 13 dabei gegensinnig miteinander in Reihe verschaltet, so dass sich die einzelnen Empfangssignale der beiden Empfangsspulen 12, 13 subtrahieren und als Signalspannung U abgegriffen werden können. Gemäß dem Ausführungsbeispiel der Figur 2 wird die Signalspannung U einer Auswerteeinrichtung 40 zugeführt, die beabstandet von der Sensoreinheit 10 in einem separaten Gehäuse 50 angeordnet ist, das beispielsweise Bestandteil eines Gleisanschlussgehäuses sein kann. Wie bereits im Zusammenhang mit Figur 1 erläutert, ergibt sich durch die gegensinnige Verschaltung der beiden Empfangsspulen 12, 13 vorteilhafterweise eine weitgehende Kompensation von Störfeldern, die beispielsweise durch Schienenströme verursacht sein können.The sensor unit 10 comprises analogous to the representation of FIG. 1 a transmitting coil 11 and two receiving coils 12 and 13. According to the representation of FIG. 2 are the receiving coils 12, 13 in this case connected in series with each other in series, so that the individual received signals of the two receiving coils 12, 13 subtract and can be tapped as a signal voltage U. According to the embodiment of the FIG. 2 the signal voltage U is fed to an evaluation device 40, which is spaced from the sensor unit 10 in a separate Housing 50 is arranged, which may be part of a track connection housing, for example. As already related to FIG. 1 explained, resulting from the opposing interconnection of the two receiving coils 12, 13 advantageously a substantial compensation of interference fields, which may be caused for example by rail currents.

Entsprechend den vorstehenden Ausführungen weist das anhand der Figuren erläuterte Ausführungsbeispiel der erfindungsgemäßen Sensoreinrichtung 1 den Vorteil auf, dass insbesondere die durch die Sendespulen 11, 21 erzeugten entgegengerichteten magnetischen Flüsse 60, 70 zu einer Erhöhung der Signalüberlappung der Empfangsspulen 12, 13 bzw. 22, 23 führen, was gerade bei kleinen Signalpegeln im Hinblick auf die Vermeidung von Störungen aufgrund zu geringer Überlappungszeiten günstig ist. Des Weiteren wird vorteilhafterweise durch die Subtraktion von zwei Empfangssignalen beziehungsweise - spannungen unterschiedlichen Vorzeichens pro Sensoreinheit 10, 20 und den zusätzlichen Einfluss der benachbarten Sensoreinheit 10 beziehungsweise 20 auf die jeweilige Empfangsspannung die durch ein sich vorbeibewegendes oder annäherndes Objekt verursachte Feldablenkung mehrfach ausgenutzt. Dies wirkt sich dahingehend vorteilhaft auf den Gesamtsignalverlauf der Sensoreinrichtung 1 aus, dass diese eine erhöhte Empfindlichkeit aufweist. Darüber hinaus erhöht der feldkompensierende Aufbau der Sensoreinrichtung 1 mit Sendespulen 11, 21 sowie Empfangsspulen 12, 13, 22, 23 vorteilhafterweise auch die Störsicherheit gegenüber äußeren Quellen. Im Ergebnis ist die zuvor beschriebene Sensoreinrichtung 1 somit besonders leistungsfähig und erlaubt insbesondere eine besonders zuverlässige Erkennung der Bewegungsrichtung der zu detektierenden Objekte.In accordance with the above explanations, the embodiment of the sensor device 1 according to the invention explained with reference to the figures has the advantage that in particular the opposing magnetic fluxes 60, 70 generated by the transmitting coils 11, 21 increase the signal overlap of the receiving coils 12, 13 and 22, 23, respectively lead, which is favorable especially at low signal levels with regard to the avoidance of interference due to insufficient overlap times. Furthermore, advantageously, the subtraction of two received signals or voltages of different sign per sensor unit 10, 20 and the additional influence of the adjacent sensor unit 10 or 20 on the respective received voltage causes the field deflection caused by a passing or approaching object to be exploited several times. This has an advantageous effect on the overall signal course of the sensor device 1 in that it has an increased sensitivity. In addition, the field compensating structure of the sensor device 1 with transmitting coils 11, 21 and receiving coils 12, 13, 22, 23 advantageously also increases the immunity to interference with respect to external sources. As a result, the sensor device 1 described above is thus particularly powerful and in particular allows a particularly reliable detection of the direction of movement of the objects to be detected.

Claims (15)

  1. Sensor device (1) for detecting a change in a magnetic field which is caused by an object approaching the sensor device (1) in a direction of movement (5) of the sensor device (1) or moving past the sensor device (1) in the direction of movement (5),
    - wherein the sensor device (1) has two sensor units (10, 20),
    - wherein each of the sensor units (10, 20) comprises two receiver coils (12, 13; 22, 23) and an alternating-current-fed transmitter coil (11; 21) arranged between the receiver coils (12, 13; 22, 23) with respect to the direction of movement (5),
    - wherein the longitudinal axes (12a, 13a; 22a, 23a) of the receiver coils (12, 13; 22, 23) of both sensor units (10, 20) are oriented essentially perpendicular to the direction of movement (5),
    - wherein the longitudinal axes (11a; 21a) of the transmitter coils (11; 21) of both sensor units (10, 20) are oriented essentially parallel to the direction of movement (5),
    - wherein the transmitter coils (11; 21) of the two sensor units (10, 20) are oriented one behind the other with respect to the direction of movement (5),
    - and wherein the sensor device (1) is embodied such that the transmitter coils (11; 21) of the two sensor units (10, 20) generate magnetic fluxes (60, 70) which are opposed to one another.
  2. Sensor device according to claim 1,
    characterised in that
    the transmitter coils (11; 21) and the receiver coils (12, 13; 22, 23) of both sensor units (10, 20) are arranged one behind the other with respect to the direction of movement (5).
  3. Sensor device according to claim 1 or 2,
    characterised in that
    for each of the two sensor units (10, 20) the receiver coils (12, 13; 22, 23) are arranged such that the longitudinal axis (11a; 21a) of the transmitter coil (11; 21) of the respective sensor unit (10, 20) intersects the receiver coils (12, 13; 22, 23) of the relevant sensor unit (10, 20) outside the transmitter coil (11; 21).
  4. Sensor device according to one of the preceding claims,
    characterised in that
    for each of the two sensor units (10, 20) the receiver coils (12, 13; 22, 23) are connected in series inversely to one another in each case.
  5. Sensor device according to one of the preceding claims,
    characterised in that
    with respect to the direction of movement (5) in each case one of the two receiver coils (12, 13; 22, 23) of the two sensor units (10, 20) is arranged between the transmitter coils (11; 21) of the two sensor units (10, 20) and the relevant receiver coils (13; 22) have the same winding direction.
  6. Sensor device according to one of the preceding claims,
    characterised in that
    for each of the two sensor units (10, 20) the receiver coils (12, 13; 22, 23) of the respective sensor unit (10, 20) are arranged symmetrically to the transmitter coil (11, 21) of the respective sensor unit (10, 20) with respect to the direction of movement (5).
  7. Sensor device according to one of the preceding claims,
    characterised in that
    the transmitter coils (11; 21) of the two sensor units (10, 20) are fed with alternating current of identical frequency.
  8. Sensor device according to claim 7,
    characterised in that
    the sensor device (1) has a generator feeding the transmitter coils (11; 21) of both sensor units (10, 20) with alternating current.
  9. Sensor device according to one of the preceding claims,
    characterised in that
    the sensor device (1) has a housing (30) enclosing both sensor units (10, 20).
  10. Sensor device according to one of the preceding claims,
    characterised in that
    the sensor device (1) comprises an evaluation unit (40) linked to the receiver coils (12, 13; 22, 23) of both sensor units (10, 20).
  11. Sensor device according to claim 10,
    characterised in that
    the evaluation unit (40) is arranged in a housing (50) separate from the sensor units (10, 20).
  12. Sensor device according to one of the preceding claims,
    characterised in that
    for each of the two sensor units (10, 20) the transmitter coil (11; 21) and/or the receiver coils (12, 13; 22, 23) are in each case a component of an oscillating circuit.
  13. Sensor device according to one of the preceding claims,
    characterised in that
    for each of the two sensor units (10, 20) the transmitter coil (11; 21) and/or the receiver coils (12, 13; 22, 23) are designed to be free from ferromagnetic materials.
  14. Sensor device according to one of the preceding claims,
    characterised in that
    the sensor device (1) is designed as a wheel sensor for detecting a change in a magnetic field, which change is caused by an object in the form of a wheel approaching the wheel sensor on a rail (100) in the direction of movement (5) in the form of the rail longitudinal direction or moving past the wheel sensor in the rail longitudinal direction.
  15. System of the track-bound transportation system, in particular a track vacancy detection system, having at least one sensor device (1) according to one of the preceding claims.
EP15715997.1A 2014-04-17 2015-03-30 Sensor device for detecting a change in a magnetic field and track-bound transportation system having at least one such sensor device Active EP3107791B1 (en)

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PL15715997T PL3107791T3 (en) 2014-04-17 2015-03-30 Sensor device for detecting a change in a magnetic field and track-bound transportation system having at least one such sensor device

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DE102014207409.6A DE102014207409A1 (en) 2014-04-17 2014-04-17 Sensor device for detecting a change in magnetic field and conditioning the track-bound traffic with at least one such sensor device
PCT/EP2015/056917 WO2015158538A1 (en) 2014-04-17 2015-03-30 Sensor device for detecting a change in a magnetic field and track-bound transportation system having at least one such sensor device

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EP3107791A1 EP3107791A1 (en) 2016-12-28
EP3107791B1 true EP3107791B1 (en) 2017-12-13

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AU (1) AU2015246241B2 (en)
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DE102021206585A1 (en) * 2021-06-25 2022-12-29 Siemens Mobility GmbH Sensor device, rail vehicle and sensor arrangement
DE102021209644A1 (en) 2021-09-02 2023-03-02 Siemens Mobility GmbH Sensor device, arrangement and method for detecting a change in a magnetic field
EP4151495B1 (en) * 2021-09-15 2024-07-03 Build Connected B.V. Method and device for determining a direction of motion of a wheel of a passing train on a rail track
DE102021212809A1 (en) 2021-11-15 2023-05-17 Siemens Mobility GmbH Sensor device and method for detecting a change in magnetic field
DE102022201840A1 (en) 2022-02-22 2023-08-24 Gts Deutschland Gmbh Axle counting method and axle counting system

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PL3107791T3 (en) 2018-05-30
HUE038475T2 (en) 2018-10-29
ES2662411T3 (en) 2018-04-06
WO2015158538A1 (en) 2015-10-22
DK3107791T3 (en) 2018-02-26
DE102014207409A1 (en) 2015-10-22
AU2015246241B2 (en) 2017-06-01
EP3107791A1 (en) 2016-12-28
NO2710153T3 (en) 2018-07-28
CN106232452B (en) 2018-04-27
CN106232452A (en) 2016-12-14
AU2015246241A1 (en) 2016-10-13

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