ES2238645T3 - PROCEDURE TO PROTECT THE OBJECTS AGAINST EMISSIONS FROM A VEHICLE ON RAILS. - Google Patents

Abstract

The emission protection process protects objects (4, 6, 8) against emissions from a rail vehicle. Each object in the track region (2) is classified according to its needs, at least one protective measure for it is defined, the object is reported and the appropriate measure is taken for the duration of the contact of the object with the emissions from the rail vehicle.

Description

Procedure to protect objects against Emissions from a vehicle on rails.

The invention relates to a method for protect at least temporarily all objects that are found in the area of influence of a vehicle on rails, at least against emissions from the vehicle over lanes

The safe function of lane traffic, today depends decisively on high availability and of the reliability of the security systems installed by the railway technique Especially for the paths on which Always reach a high speed, here trains with speeds above 200 km / h and where the intervals between several trains are reduced to only about 2 minutes, do not allow more to train heads drive exclusively based on signage optics of route signals.

Especially on these high-speed paths, although naturally also usually on all routes remaining, electromagnetic transmissions are used based on railway security system. Examples are the so-called point transmission equipment (balisen), transmission equipment in the form of lines (Euroloop), freeway signaling system (track circuit) and axle counter system.

All these systems need, to have a correct function, a useful signal with a level that is clearly above the level of noise inherent in the system, so it is not  they can never separate modern rail vehicles from modern security systems, given that with respect to the Trouble problems are always more critically linked. This problem will be reinforced in the future over more factors in considerable equality. Some are high trains speed in circulation used by the so-called brakes by currents parasites (Foucault), that to achieve a braking effective radiate high electromagnetic fields in the area of the tracks. In addition there is the progressive improvement of the performance of the so-called electric drag locomotives, which are equipped with a lasting and momentary propelling power and by both also trigger in the lane, at least comparatively, a higher return current. Apart the reduced construction of space of the parent unit and the comfort unit, especially in the composition of the drive train like the ICE3 of German trains, determines that they have to have electromagnetic components in the ground area of the vehicle, what which unfortunately as a rule is conditioned to that comparatively flow more electricity in the ground area of vehicles and therefore also in the facilities area of security, which must be transformed and / or rectified.

It is easily understandable that this is also why electromagnetic fields are generated, the level of which can reach up to the useful level in the security system that can thus take at the level of data relevant to the frequency field of the transmission bands There are also procedures that are seen erroneously influenced by an attenuation of the fields which They produce unexpected effects. But they are also known other annoying emissions caused by operation of the vehicle on rails and are generally based on noise produced after operation or gas leaks that they occur with its operation (for locomotive cases diesel). Usually for noise they are specially marked as Responsible for old freight cars, poorly revised and partly belonging to previous decades, in particular the noises of rolling especially through the squeaking brakes and also even the one produced by the shock of its shock absorbers due to the couplings that are loose, that is all the noises of impact that occur at the same time, produce a negative wake-up call, which although does not cause protection problems or safety engineering of any kind, however reduce their acceptance.

The description of the V.S. 6,393,344.B2 exposes a procedure for the recognition of currents disturbing signal systems.

The objective of the invention of exposing a method to protect at least temporarily, to the objects that are in the field of action  of the emission of vehicles on rails, without it being necessary to make an expensive investment or reforms.

This objective is achieved by the procedure recommended according to the invention, that the procedure exerts a temporary protection of the objects that are in the area of influence of a vehicle on rails, working very selective against previous vehicle emissions on rails while

to)

be classify each object according to its protection objective, observing the  minus your need for temporary protection;

b)

be define at least one measure concerning the objective of protection for the vehicle on wheels and / or the object;

C)

be makes a determination of the object, in emission contact, that already are or those who approach vehicles on rails, Y

d)

with reference precisely to the vehicle on contact rails of emission with objects that are already there or those that approach, that at less the measures referred to the objective of protection are establish for everything that lasts the emission contact with that object.

In this way a procedure is achieved to perfect it, which or already exists as a vehicle component on rails and / or vehicle operating system on lanes and / or fits the temporary object, which reaches the target of the determined protection.

This helps to classify objects according to your need for protection, as well as for each objective of the Predefined protection activates a temporary measure. Of this I know you can take advantage in particular that the spatial extent of objects endowed with a need for protection is very small in front of the total extension of the network of lines.

A reasonable subdivision in the classification of the objects foresees that the objectives of protection can subdivide into need classes of mechanical protection, acoustic and electric and / or magnetic, which can be defined in one or more classes with a graduated limit value. For example you can indicate, for the electric and / or magnetic fields, different limit values graduated over each other to indicate in each case the permissible field strength for the object and / or the field of frequency. There is also the possibility of a frequency of work defined exactly: for example a defined counter of axes

Especially significant for the procedure advocated in the invention is naturally the investigation of emission contact with the object next to which the vehicle on rails. However, it must be assumed that in general, the time of contact and the place of contact for most of The objects are small, compared to the duration of the vehicle on rails and the route traveled. A posibility reasonable for this foresees the investigation of the place where the vehicle on rails and the comparison of this place with the geographical location of the object. Therefore for each lane vehicle with a control function (locomotive, maneuvering wagon and similar) a complete file can be filed Theorem of the location of objects and their classification. Yes now the vehicle on rails is reaching the contact object of issue already previously classified and the comparison is sent with a positive result, the measurements begin to be executed classified for the object.

An alternative to this provides a list of geographical location data to select a route planned of the space that must be covered by the vehicle on lanes, which would significantly reduce the load of data on the vehicle's computer on rails. These data you can also, for example, introduce them to the head of the train with the adequate interface on the vehicle's computer.

An alternative modality to this can take advantage of the fact that with an additional installation in the road network, with a data transmission facility in the form of points and / or lines, supported by GSM in the process of complying with the ETCS standards, it is available a corresponding amount of information source, whereby information about one or more sections of the path of the objects that follow with indications of the corresponding distances is transmitted from the source of information to the vehicle on rails. The vehicle on rails therefore receives in situ the data of the objects and must now only carry out the determination of the incremental distance, and thus at the exact moment of reaching the point of emission, the triggering of the measures relative to the object occurs.

As explained above you can place or complete information on one or more sections of the path of the objects that come next, an information about the protection objective to be achieved in each case and place corresponding in which the objective of protection must be achieved, which will be transferred to the vehicle on rails. He lane vehicle receives enough information to execute the measurements with a data transfer comparatively minor. Making a short summary, in this variant Execution comes with the transmission of the category of objects and of the location of the objects.

To suppress the annoying magnetic fields and / or electrical in particular, appropriate measures are used that can decrease traction current and / or cause a decrease in braking power These measures are particularly useful for objects that extend in a very limited space and still have a predominant digital value of safety technique, as per example the counter axis and Balisen. Through a substantial and transient decrease in traction current and / or braking power can eliminate a breakdown and a situation dangerous in the operation of the railway technique. Naturally also in case of a high need for braking, as for example in an emergency braking, that decrease is can disconnect, so that the braking, which then has priority over the absence of interference in the transfer of data, can be done unlimitedly as claimed.

Other measures against the aforementioned fields electromagnetic may consist of activating on the vehicle over lanes a temporary compensation unit that can compensate the magnetic fields that may arise. That compensation unit knows the different electromagnetic fields that emerge, according to the different modes of operation of the vehicles on lanes and produces, at the point of origin and / or the object more next possible to the place of the crossing / passing by, the corresponding against field, so that both fields are neutralize in part.

Completing it or also as an alternative to planned compensation unit, may come into play as possible measure against the annoying electromagnetic field also the use of a protective unit to absorb the fields electromagnetic that may arise. In this to protect from annoying fields you can issue components with reference to their radiation in the direction of the object, temporarily or also Durably with screen materials that protect depending on the frequency. A possible application can also be the influence Temporary screen materials, such as connection or disconnection of equal magnetic fields to premagnetize a Ferromagnetic screen material. For example, by premagnetizing until the end of a hysteresis curve, the materials of screen have a comparatively good protection against electromagnetic fields caused, since premagnetization does not let influence the electrical conductivity of the materials of screen. Conversely, when disconnecting the magnetic fields equals the capacity of hysteresis of ferromagnetic screen materials, so that Now, in particular, the magnetic fields Through the corresponding choice of material conditions and / or material geometry and / or premagnetization is carried out a very protection selective against electromagnetic fields.

Another possibility is the respective employment of a series of absorption circuits or resonance circuits. Here this solution is reduced, because it only works on a frequency fixed and therefore in general can only protect one type of products, for example the axis counter. The procedure, recommended in the invention, against this possibility, gives for each position worthy of being protected a frequency recommendation individual. In this way you can do for each vehicle the Best possible adaptation. In addition to information about the object and / or its classification and information about the place of the objects, the inclination can also be indicated, that is, if the area of the path in which the emission contact with the object occurs it descends, ascends or passes simply.

To decrease noise pollution to specific objects, for example for a freight train in the area of a hospital, can be contemplated as far as possible not braking with friction brakes employed unfortunately still usually in freight cars, but stop by example only with the locomotive recovery brakes and so for example on a slope, in time before the object protected, all freight train cars are crashed against the dampers and thus the source of noise is eliminated (shock absorbers collide a small distance between the wagons). For a diesel locomotive a possible measure can also be a temporary interruption of the Diesel injector, so that before an object that has to be protected against noise has  from rolling almost in motion.

Other advantageous applications of the invention are taken from remaining subordinate claims.

The embodiments of the invention will be They explain below by drawing. In those who show:

In figure 1 a schematic surveillance of the scope of the road with an object that has to be protected temporarily on the road;

In figure 2 a schematic representation of a device for compensation of electromagnetic fields, which are placed at the bottom of the box of a wagon of the vehicle on rails; Y

In figure 3 a schematic surveillance of the scope of the road with an object that has to be protected Temporarily out of the way.

Figure 1 shows a schematic surveillance of an area of track 2 with an object that has to be protected temporarily, here there is an axis counter 4, in the field of  track 2. An explanation of the procedure, recommended in the invention, will be carried out here, essentially, in this counter of axes 4, although in this area of track 2, the Balisen 6, 8 placed equally, they can be viewed in the same way as Temporarily protected objects. The Balisen 6, 8 serve, in this example of realization among other things, so that in a unit of control 10.12 a signal 14, 16 of a signal zone is transmitted to a vehicle on rails. Other additional data transmitted in the Balisen telegram they prefer speed limit values and brake curves for rail vehicles. This is why easily understandable that precisely to get a safe transmission of Balisen telegrams the requirements, For the safety of the transmission, be very high. For that also Balisen 6, 8 are in need of protection with respect to annoying electromagnetic fields, and that is why they are classified as a protection objective.

The axis counter 4 is also very sensitive against the annoying electromagnetic fields, which are emitted in general by motors and / or brake by parasitic currents (Foucault) of the vehicles on rails. The axis counter 4 therefore falls into the class of protection objectives electromagnetic, which on the other hand is within the exemplary embodiment divided into five levels of protection. It is accepted here that the axis counter is classified in the level of 1 higher defense. A similar classification is done now, for all vehicles on lanes in emission contact about objects to which it approaches, for which some have been defined  protection needs For example, Balisen 6.8 may be find also in the classes of protection objectives electromagnetic, but is in the defense target 5 which is the lowest, because Balisen's telegram is modulated over a carrier signal and is cyclically encoded.

Against that, other needs of protection for axis counter 4, whose desired signal comes from exclusively of a mismatch or modification in the attenuation of the resonant electromagnetic circuit. This mismatch must be caused, according to its destiny, to the passage of a wheel Ferromagnetic of a vehicle on rails. However this mismatch can also be caused in an unwanted way of magnetic field, when radiated by an engine and / or the brakes by parasitic currents (Foucault), and this causes effects considerable in rail traffic. Basically from a point from a technical point of view there is no safety hazard, because the non-plausible signals from axis counter 4 are compared with signals from a second axis counter here not schematized, which leads to a disruption of lane traffic, that is to say signs turn red and trains, who want to enter the section of the road block, with the plausible signals of the axis counter, stop. Notwithstanding the interruption of traffic for passengers and / or goods involves delays and resume the required traffic under the necessary conditions in the borders between countries entail expensive special routines of command technique.

Now, after the need for object protection and the assignment of the objectives of the protection in the given case, carried out with a precise subdivision internal, the corresponding measures M0 to M7 are defined which are appropriate to achieve protection objectives. By Example below defines a catalog of similar measures as well as the assignment of measures M0 to M7 to the different types of vehicles type 1 to type 5 in reference to the class of electromagnetic defense objectives:

M0 Do not braking M1 Braking intensity less than fifty% M2 Parallel current less than 500 TO M3 Parallel current less than 250 TO M4 Parallel current less than 100 TO M5 Interruption of traction M6 Compensation on M7 Absorption on

TABLE 1 Measure for the different types of vehicles in the class of electromagnetic defense target

one

With this predecessor assignment it is now possible, with the exemplary embodiment according to figure 1, for example with a relay 18 transmit the information to a vehicle that is close to axis counter 4, that concrete axis counter 4 is placed at a distance d from the current information point and that axis counter 4 is classified in the protection class Electromagnetic under the degree of protection level 1.Measures  which are derived from here, according to table 1 can now or be transmitted directly as information, which it would mean that all the data pairs at this level of protection should be transmitted, and the vehicle assignment within the vehicle type itself, to that in that axis counter 4, within a contact zone of Issue 20, specific measures may be introduced for concrete vehicles on rails. Or it will be transmitted only the distance d and the objective of the protection, in the given case even with the level of protection of vehicles, at vehicles. This vehicle reads from its own identification field the objectives of protection and degrees of protection and adopts the planned protection measures. As the figure teaches, in the table indicated above for vehicle types 3 and 4, You can always start several measures.

Empty boxes for vehicle types 5 they are examples of that, or in view of the objective of protection and if necessary the level of protection, teaches that it is about emission-free vehicles with electric traction, because an excellent screening is provided, or because the vehicle is for example a diesel locomotive without brakes by parasitic currents (Foucault), and thus there is no problem of disturbing electromagnetic fields. Problematic though for this last type of vehicles it could be for example, the trip inside a tunnel, for which an objective has been defined exhaust gas protector and that as a possible measure is provided a throttle of the engine speed or measures similar that reduce the amount of gas leakage. Equally the measure to be taken for this purpose may also be planned and You can control the tunnel and you can do it yourself that the ventilation cover of the tunnel, which follows the selective movement of the diesel locomotive so that the exhaust gas comes out in the best possible way from the tunnel.

Figure 2 shows a representation schematic of a field compensation facility electromagnetic, which is ordered in the lower part of the box car 22 of a vehicle on lanes 24. The vehicle on rails 24 it includes two bogies 26, 28, which in each case are equipped with propulsion engines 30, 32. Between both bogies 26, 28 other components are ordered, such as a transformer 34 and the converter 36, 38. All these components, qualified as prominent are especially found in modern trains of drive, like ICE3, directly in the ground area to be able to guarantee a sufficient space offer in the department of passengers With this however these components are placed next to the equipment safety techniques of the tracks, as in axis counter 4 and balisen 6, 8, and loops. TO cause of the high energy absorbed by these components, these components at the same time emit multiple fields electromagnetic and with that they are a disturbing force for the safety technique of the equipment of the tracks.

To compensate for those interference fields electromagnetic, are provided for each of these components the resonant circuits L1 to L5, whose frequency of  resonance is in each case in the frequency field with the higher interference power or are however tuned in the working frequency of the protected object and radiate, to all things regarding alternate magnetic fields in direction opposite to the march, against inductive fields or act as an absorption circuit through the resonant series and thus at At least a part of the annoying emission fields will go out. Those resonant circuits L1 to L5 can then always be active, when the rail vehicle is in contact with broadcast with a protected object. It would be equally imaginable head towards these resonant circuits L1 to L5 actively with a signal, which in each case emits magnetic fields and at least it is applied in the opposite direction on the frequency fields disturbing, so that the fields are neutralized.

Another embodiment is shown in the Figure 3, where a schematic surveillance in the field of track 2 with an object that has to be temporarily protected, here a Urbanization 40, represented by a small house, is represented outside the scope of track 2. As regards the cases here Existing need for protection, in the foreground is the noise minimization which motivates a clear enlargement of the emission contact zone 20. For similar objects can be seen as measures that reduce noise, a located within the scope of the emission contact 20 of not stopping the train and / or speed it up. In case of a steep slope, you can take advantage of this even to reduce noise as well the train that drives downwards activates its locomotive in recovery brake and so all train cars do bumper with shock absorbers. For cases in which the train drive upwards you can try to choose the proper train speed to get a good compromise between noise emission and route occupancy.

The series of examples could now continue non-stop. It is easy to understand the importance of proposing a classification of objects according to the objectives of protection, define the appropriate temporary measures to obtain the objectives of protection and execute those measures relative to objects in the area of the emission contact selectively.

Claims (11)

1. Procedure to protect at least temporarily objects (4, 6, 8, 40) existing in the zone of influence of a vehicle on lanes (24) of the emissions that they leave a vehicle on rails (24), in which

and)

every object (4, 6, 8, 40) is classified at least according to an objective of temporary protection and that reproduces the need for protection that has that object;

F)

be define at least one of the referred measures (M0 to M7) of the protection objective for the vehicle on rails (24) and / or the objects (4, 6, 8, 40);

g)

be determines an object (4, 6, 8, 40) stopped that is in contact with temporary emission with the vehicle on rails (24);

h)

in reference precisely to the vehicle on rails (24) in contact of temporary emission with the objects (4, 6, 8, 40) that stand or to those who approach, which at least originates one of those referred measures of the protection objective (M0 to M7) while it lasts the emission contact with that object (4, 6, 8, 40).

2. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that the protection objectives are subdivided into classes of the need for mechanical, acoustic and electrical- and / or magnetic protection. 3. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that the graduated protection limit values are defined for one or more classes. Method according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the locations where the vehicles are located on rails (24) are determined and compared with the data of the geographical locations of the objects (4, 6, 8, 40 ). 5. Method according to the claim of the patent 4, characterized in that, a list of the data of the geographical locations of the objects (4, 6, 8, 40) to select a planned path that must be traveled by the vehicle on rails (24 ). Method according to one of the claims of patent 1 to 5, characterized in that, a source of information (18) having information on one or more objects (4, 6, 8, 40) following in a section of the path with a Indication of the corresponding distance (d, Dx, Dy) transmits it from the information source (18) to the vehicles on rails (24). Method according to claim 6, characterized in that, after the source of information (18), the space traveled by the vehicle on rails (24) is determined. Method according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that, instead or by completing information on one or more objects (4, 6, 8, 40) following in a section of the path (2) it is transmitted to the vehicle on rails (24) information on the respective protection objectives to be achieved in each case and the corresponding places, in which the protection objective must be achieved. Method according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that, as measures (M0 to M7), a decrease in traction electricity and / or a decrease in braking power is caused. Method according to one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that, as measurements (M0 to M7), they are directed to a compensation unit (L1 to L5) for the compensation of electromagnetic fields that appear. Method according to one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that, as measures (M0 to M7), a protection unit or a resonance circuit is activated to absorb the electromagnetic fields that appear.