EP1447191B1 - Procédé et appareil pour la fabrication de produits plats en céramique - Google Patents

Procédé et appareil pour la fabrication de produits plats en céramique Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1447191B1
EP1447191B1 EP04001546A EP04001546A EP1447191B1 EP 1447191 B1 EP1447191 B1 EP 1447191B1 EP 04001546 A EP04001546 A EP 04001546A EP 04001546 A EP04001546 A EP 04001546A EP 1447191 B1 EP1447191 B1 EP 1447191B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
products
squashing
over
turning
arrangement
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP04001546A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP1447191A2 (fr
EP1447191A3 (fr
Inventor
Stefano Caroni
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Siti B&T Group SpA
Original Assignee
Siti B&T Group SpA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Siti B&T Group SpA filed Critical Siti B&T Group SpA
Priority to EP10160133A priority Critical patent/EP2210724A1/fr
Publication of EP1447191A2 publication Critical patent/EP1447191A2/fr
Publication of EP1447191A3 publication Critical patent/EP1447191A3/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1447191B1 publication Critical patent/EP1447191B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
    • B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
    • B28B11/00—Apparatus or processes for treating or working the shaped or preshaped articles
    • B28B11/08—Apparatus or processes for treating or working the shaped or preshaped articles for reshaping the surface, e.g. smoothing, roughening, corrugating, making screw-threads
    • B28B11/10—Apparatus or processes for treating or working the shaped or preshaped articles for reshaping the surface, e.g. smoothing, roughening, corrugating, making screw-threads by using presses
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
    • B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
    • B28B11/00—Apparatus or processes for treating or working the shaped or preshaped articles
    • B28B11/12—Apparatus or processes for treating or working the shaped or preshaped articles for removing parts of the articles by cutting
    • B28B11/125—Cutting-off protruding ridges, also profiled cutting
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
    • B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
    • B28B11/00—Apparatus or processes for treating or working the shaped or preshaped articles
    • B28B11/14—Apparatus or processes for treating or working the shaped or preshaped articles for dividing shaped articles by cutting
    • B28B11/16—Apparatus or processes for treating or working the shaped or preshaped articles for dividing shaped articles by cutting for extrusion or for materials supplied in long webs
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
    • B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
    • B28B13/00—Feeding the unshaped material to moulds or apparatus for producing shaped articles; Discharging shaped articles from such moulds or apparatus
    • B28B13/04—Discharging the shaped articles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
    • B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
    • B28B3/00—Producing shaped articles from the material by using presses; Presses specially adapted therefor
    • B28B3/20—Producing shaped articles from the material by using presses; Presses specially adapted therefor wherein the material is extruded

Definitions

  • This invention concerns a method of and apparatus for forming substantially flat ceramic products.
  • substantially flat ceramic products such as, for example, tiles
  • a ceramic paste in the form of a continuous ribbon, the thickness of which is substantially the same as the final thickness that the finished products must have.
  • the ribbon is then chopped up into pieces to size and as per specification to obtain tiles of preset dimensions.
  • IT MO94A000027 discloses a version of this process.
  • a forced injection of colouring materials is made at a location along the flow of materials advancing through the extruder.
  • the injection can be obtained by arranging at least one injector close to the extruder screw which advances the material towards a location near the extrusion mouth.
  • the injector or the injectors may also be positioned at locations along the extrusion direction at different distances from the extrusion mouth. Depending on the desired chromatic effects, the injector or injectors may be positioned on the extruder body or on the screw shaft.
  • the shaft is internally provided with at least one conduit for feeding the colouring materials.
  • an extruded product is formed, having a central internal portion of a colour different from the colour of the external portion.
  • the extruded product has a monochromatic external rind (having the same colour as the initial colour of the clay), and an internal portion provided with coloured veins.
  • the extruded product so obtained, having a core of different colour, is then also cut along a plane which is not perpendicular - usually parallel - to the extrusion direction, so as to remove the monochromatic rind and make the differently coloured central portion visible.
  • the cutting operation when performed parallelly to the extrusion direction, is preferably carried out during the extrusion process by introducing a cutting member near the extrusion mouth.
  • the cutting member separates the rind from the internal portion of the extruded product.
  • the cross-section of the extruder has to be so dimensioned that the desired cross-section of the extruded product is not affected by the cutting member.
  • an extruder having a rectangular cross-section is used, having a thickness twice the object's thickness and provided with a central cutting wire. Therefore, two objects exit from the extruder, the two objects being separated along a central plane parallel to the extrusion direction.
  • the extruded product is cut, during its advancing, by inserting a stretched cutting wire, arranged near the extrusion mouth transversely with respect to the extrusion direction.
  • the cutting wire is moved according to preset oscillating movements.
  • the cutting wire may be moved with a reciprocating motion along a plane perpendicular to the extrusion direction.
  • the extruded product is therefore cut into two parts, each of these parts having an undulated surface. These parts are then flattened by pressing.
  • the ribbon is subjected to a process of surface stripping, i.e. a slice of extruded material that is a few millimetres thick and is still in the plastic state is removed.
  • the removed material is a noticeable percentage of the total material used to form the ceramic product (of the order of 10-20%) and has to be removed from the production line as waste material that can nevertheless be used in other industrial ceramic applications.
  • US-A-4,292,359 discloses a process for the continuous production, by extrusion, of a partly finished clay product comprising a pair of parallel ribbons joined in back-to-back relation by a plurality of longitudinally extending walls in the form of frangible bridges which, when the partly finished clay product has been cut into blanks and fired to harden it, can be broken to separate the blanks into two ceramic pieces.
  • the process comprises the steps of feeding a base material to a first screw extruder having two screw conveyors in series separated by a degassing chamber, and feeding a second, differently coloured, material to the degassing chamber, preferably through a second screw extruder.
  • the screw conveyor Downstream of the degassing chamber the screw conveyor imparts a rotary mixing motion to the two-coloured clays to swirl these and then the mixture is pressed through a vertically extending die plate of suitable shape, which also strips the extruded, partly finished, clay product to expose faces having a wood grain effect.
  • the die plate is provided with a pair of vertical knives each of which strips a lateral portion from the extruded strip.
  • a method of forming substantially flat ceramic products comprising preparing a ceramic paste, extruding the ceramic paste through an extrusion die and over a cutter to obtain a substantially continuous multiple ribbon of paste with first and second ribbons of the multiple ribbon not being joined together but having a separation plane that is substantially parallel to the faces of the multiple ribbon, and severing the first and second ribbons transversely to provide the products, characterised in that said extruding is performed substantially horizontally.
  • apparatus for forming substantially flat ceramic products comprising an extruder having an extrusion die slot, a cutter extending substantially parallelly to the die slot, and a severing device to provide the products downstream of the extruder, the arrangement being such that ceramic paste can be extruded from the die slot and cut by the cutter to obtain a substantially continuous multiple ribbon of paste with first and second ribbons of the multiple ribbon not being joined together but having a separation plane that is substantially parallel to the faces of the multiple ribbon, and the first and second ribbons can be severed transversely by the severing device to provide the products, characterized in that the die slot is directed substantially horizontally.
  • 1 indicates an end portion of a batching/mixing device 101 shown in Figure 2 , which is provided with an extrusion die slot 2 and wherein a ceramic paste IP with at least two chromatic components is prepared.
  • the extrusion die slot 2 is provided with a transverse blade 3 that cuts longitudinally, thereby minimising attrition phenomena, as extrusion progresses, the continuously extruded ceramic paste IP, on a horizontal plane, subdividing it into two ribbons 4a, 4b, the cut faces 104 and 204 of which are in substantial contact with one another, although, solely for the sake of clarity, in Figure 1 they are shown slightly separated from one another.
  • the continuous multiple ribbon 4 at the outlet of the extrusion die slot 2 is collected and supported by a mobile conveying surface 5, for example consisting of an endless conveyor belt on motor-driven and idle rollers 105, and conveyed to a transverse cutting station where cutting-to-size with a suitable means 6 occurs.
  • a mobile conveying surface 5 for example consisting of an endless conveyor belt on motor-driven and idle rollers 105, and conveyed to a transverse cutting station where cutting-to-size with a suitable means 6 occurs.
  • the conveying surface 5 carries the unfinished products 4a and 4b to an overturning station where, by a means 108 ( Figure 2 ) known per se to those skilled in the art, turning over of the top product 4a in relation to the bottom product 4b occurs; the product 4a is thus placed next to the bottom product 4b with its cut face 104 upwards, as is the cut face 204 of the bottom product 4b.
  • the products 4a and 4b reach a presser unit 7 whereat a squashing of the products 4a and 4b is performed under a preset force, so that their thickness is reduced to a set amount.
  • the compressing action causes the raw paste that makes up the unfinished products 4a and 4b to become homogenous and stable, thereby greatly reducing any internal stresses generated during the extrusion and therefore any consequential defects induced during firing of the ceramic products.
  • the flattening phase is followed by a phase of trimming of the products 4a and 4b, and possibly a phase of dividing each product according to preset sizes, as indicated by the cut lines 19 in Figure 4 , with a suitable apparatus 8, to obtain the perimeter dimensions required of the products P which are sent for firing.
  • the trimming device 8 shown in Figure 1 includes a vertically reciprocable rectangular cutting ring 8a.
  • the device 8 includes a pair of cutting wheels 8b mounted on a shaft 8c reciprocable by a piston-and-cylinder drive 8d.
  • the device 8 also includes another pair of cutting wheels 8e mounted upon a transverse shaft 8f.
  • upstream of the flattening phase there may be an additional phase of spreading, on the cut faces 104 and 204, decorative materials that are suitable for being incorporated in the faces 104, 204 during the flattening phase, in particular dissolved or inconsistent decorating materials such as, for example, oxides, powder or granular glazes, or also materials in flakes or three-dimensional bodies that are distributed over the faces 104 and 204 with distribution devices or decorating machines that are per se known and are indicated in Figure 2 with the overall reference numeral 110.
  • the length of the section of mobile conveying surface 5 under the apparatus 110 may vary according to the number of chromatic applications that are to be performed and the type of apparatus 110 to be used.
  • high- or low-relief decorations are printed on the cut faces 104 and 204, by providing suitable dies on the presser unit 7.
  • the flattening phase can be performed by using a suitable roller device 9 shown in Figures 1 and 2 instead of the presser unit 7 or in combination therewith.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Press-Shaping Or Shaping Using Conveyers (AREA)
  • Devices For Post-Treatments, Processing, Supply, Discharge, And Other Processes (AREA)

Claims (12)

  1. Procédé pour la formation de produits en céramique sensiblement plats, comprenant la préparation d'une pâte céramique (IP), la pâte céramique (IP) étant préparée avec au moins deux composants chromatiques, l'extrusion de la pâte céramique (IP) à travers une filière d'extrusion (2) et au-dessus d'un coupeur (3) pour obtenir un ruban multiple de pâte sensiblement continu (4) avec des premier et deuxième rubans (4a, 4b) du ruban multiple (4) qui ne sont pas unis l'un à l'autre, mais ont un plan de séparation qui est sensiblement parallèle aux faces du ruban multiple (4), ladite extrusion étant effectuée sensiblement horizontalement, et la séparation des premier et deuxième rubans (4a, 4b) transversalement pour fournir les produits (P) disposés dans des rangées supérieure et inférieure, le retournement des produits (P) de la rangée supérieure, de manière que ces surfaces des produits (P) des rangées supérieure et inférieure initialement adjacentes au plan de séparation soient toutes orientées vers le haut, caractérisé par, après ledit retournement, l'écrasement des produits (P) pour réduire leurs épaisseurs et pour augmenter leurs surfaces planes, durant ledit écrasement, une décoration en relief étant réalisée sur les produits (P), et par, après ledit écrasement, l'ébarbage des produits (P) pour dimensionner leurs périphéries.
  2. Procédé selon la revendication 1, dans lequel le ruban multiple (4) a une dimension en largeur qui est sensiblement horizontale et une dimension en épaisseur qui est sensiblement verticale.
  3. Procédé selon la revendication 2, dans lequel ledit retournement force les produits (P) de la rangée supérieure à se placer côte à côte avec les produits (P) de la rangée inférieure.
  4. Procédé selon la revendication 2 ou 3, comprenant en outre, après ledit retournement, l'application de matériau décoratif sur ladite surface (104, 204).
  5. Appareil pour la formation de produits en céramique sensiblement plats (P), comprenant une extrudeuse (1) comportant une filière plate d'extrusion (2), la filière plate (2) étant orientée sensiblement horizontalement, un coupeur (3) s'étendant sensiblement parallèlement à la filière plate (2), et un dispositif de séparation (6) pour fournir les produits (P) en aval de l'extrudeuse (1), l'agencement étant tel que la pâte céramique (IP), dans lequel la pâte céramique (IP) est préparée avec au moins deux composants chromatiques, peut être extrudée à partir de la filière plate et coupée par le coupeur pour obtenir un ruban multiple de pâte sensiblement continu (4) avec des premier et deuxième rubans (4a, 4b) du ruban multiple (4) qui ne sont pas unis l'un à l'autre, mais ayant un plan de séparation qui est sensiblement parallèle aux faces du ruban multiple (4), et les premier et deuxième rubans (4a, 4b) peuvent être sectionnés transversalement par le dispositif de séparation (6) pour fournir les produits (P) disposés dans les rangées supérieure et inférieure, un dispositif de retournement (108) pour retourner 1 a rangée supérieure de produits (P), caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend un agencement d'écrasement (7; 9) en aval du dispositif de retournement (108) pour écraser les produits (P), l'agencement d'écrasement (7; 9) étant muni d'une surface d'écrasement comportant un motif en relief sur celle-ci pour produire une décoration en relief sur les produits (P), un dispositif d'ébarbage (8) en aval de l'agencement d'écrasement (7; 9) pour découper les produits (P) pour dimensionner leurs périphéries.
  6. Appareil selon la revendication 5, dans lequel l'agencement d'écrasement (7; 9) comprend une plaque de pression (7) avec mouvement alternatif sensiblement perpendiculairement aux produits (P).
  7. Appareil selon la revendication 5, dans lequel l'agencement d'écrasement (7; 9) comprend au moins un rouleau d'écrasement (9).
  8. Appareil selon les revendications 5 à 7, dans lequel le dispositif d'ébarbage (8) comprend une première paire d'éléments de coupe (8b) avec mouvement alternatif dans une première direction et une deuxième paire d'éléments de coupe (8e) avec mouvement alternatif dans une deuxième direction sensiblement perpendiculai r e à la première direction.
  9. Appareil selon l'une quelconque des revendications 5 à 8, dans lequel la filière plate (2) a une dimension en largeur qui est sensiblement horizontale et une dimension en épaisseur qui est sensiblement verticale, le coupeur (3) s'étend sensiblement horizontalement, et le dispositif de séparation (6) sépare les premier et deuxième rubans (4a, 4b) dans une rangée supérieure de produits (P) et une rangée inférieure de produits (P).
  10. Appareil selon la revendication 9, et comprenant en outre un dispositif de distribution (110) entre le dispositif de retournement (108) et l'agencement d'écrasement (7; 9) pour distribuer le matériau décoratif sur les produits (P).
  11. Appareil selon l'une quelconque des revendications 5 à 10, comprenant en outre un convoyeur horizontal (5) pour recevoir le ruban multiple (4) lorsqu'il quitte la filière plate (2).
  12. Appareil selon l'une quelconque des revendications 5 à 11, dans lequel le coupeur (3) est muni de surfaces de coupe ayant dessus un revêtement avec des caractéristiques de faible frottement.
EP04001546A 2003-02-14 2004-01-26 Procédé et appareil pour la fabrication de produits plats en céramique Expired - Lifetime EP1447191B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP10160133A EP2210724A1 (fr) 2003-02-14 2004-01-26 Procédé et appareil pour la fabrication de produits plats en céramique

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
IT000031A ITMO20030031A1 (it) 2003-02-14 2003-02-14 Procedimento estrusivo per la formatura di manufatti
ITMO20030031 2003-02-14

Related Child Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP10160133.4 Division-Into 2010-04-16

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1447191A2 EP1447191A2 (fr) 2004-08-18
EP1447191A3 EP1447191A3 (fr) 2006-03-22
EP1447191B1 true EP1447191B1 (fr) 2011-03-16

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EP10160133A Ceased EP2210724A1 (fr) 2003-02-14 2004-01-26 Procédé et appareil pour la fabrication de produits plats en céramique
EP04001546A Expired - Lifetime EP1447191B1 (fr) 2003-02-14 2004-01-26 Procédé et appareil pour la fabrication de produits plats en céramique

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EP10160133A Ceased EP2210724A1 (fr) 2003-02-14 2004-01-26 Procédé et appareil pour la fabrication de produits plats en céramique

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EP (2) EP2210724A1 (fr)
IT (1) ITMO20030031A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (8)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
ITBO20050771A1 (it) * 2005-12-19 2007-06-20 Gruppo Barbieri & Tarozzi Spa Dispositivo di taglio
CN101037004B (zh) * 2007-02-14 2011-04-06 徐平 一种陶瓷砖成型模具装置及利用该装置的成型方法
CN102581927A (zh) * 2011-01-10 2012-07-18 云浮威洋石材有限公司 人造石英石加工工艺
CN102248584B (zh) * 2011-07-28 2013-04-10 成都芙蓉新型建材有限公司 墙板压平机
CN102581942B (zh) * 2012-03-07 2015-05-20 深圳顺络电子股份有限公司 一种用于贴片式元件陶瓷胚体的切边方法及其装置
BE1026888B1 (nl) 2018-12-18 2020-07-22 Steenfabriek Maasmechelen Bvba Handvorm baksteenstrip
CN111469260B (zh) * 2020-04-28 2022-04-12 王安全 一种干法生产制备的石膏砌块
CN111958793B (zh) * 2020-07-22 2021-12-03 台州丽盾智能科技有限公司 一种陶瓷制造用花瓶换口设备

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2002052522A (ja) * 2000-08-08 2002-02-19 Inax Corp タイルの成形方法
DE10112439A1 (de) * 2001-03-15 2002-09-19 Oleg L Kulikov Vorrichtung zur Produktion keramischer Massen durch Extrusion

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GB880892A (en) * 1959-10-05 1961-10-25 Alexander John Cherney An improved method and apparatus for the manufacture of tiles
FR1253656A (fr) * 1960-04-08 1961-02-10 Procédé de fabrication de carreaux en céramique et appareillage pour sa mise en oeuvre
GB930708A (en) * 1960-04-16 1963-07-10 Fetok Gmbh Improvements relating to facing tiles
FR1425619A (fr) * 1965-01-27 1966-01-24 Perfectionnements aux procédés de fabrication d'éléments plats à base d'argile ou de composés minéraux, pour carrelages, revêtements de murs et d'autres usages
NL7514346A (nl) * 1975-06-11 1976-12-14 Lingl Hans Werkwijze en inrichting voor het indrukken van decors op het oppervlak van platen, die door stansen uit een streng klei vervaardigd worden.
IT1203288B (it) 1979-01-24 1989-02-15 Laria Laterizi Rivestimenti Ed Procedimento per la produzione in continuo mediante estrusione di un semilavorato argilloso
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FR2714048B1 (fr) * 1993-12-16 1996-02-16 Everite Sa Article, notamment plaque de revêtement de bâtiments, et procédé de fabrication d'un tel article.

Patent Citations (2)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2002052522A (ja) * 2000-08-08 2002-02-19 Inax Corp タイルの成形方法
DE10112439A1 (de) * 2001-03-15 2002-09-19 Oleg L Kulikov Vorrichtung zur Produktion keramischer Massen durch Extrusion

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ITMO20030031A0 (it) 2003-02-14
EP1447191A2 (fr) 2004-08-18
ITMO20030031A1 (it) 2004-08-15
EP2210724A1 (fr) 2010-07-28
EP1447191A3 (fr) 2006-03-22

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