EP1446198B1 - Device for protecting premises in particular a tunnel against fire - Google Patents
Device for protecting premises in particular a tunnel against fire Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP1446198B1 EP1446198B1 EP02803445A EP02803445A EP1446198B1 EP 1446198 B1 EP1446198 B1 EP 1446198B1 EP 02803445 A EP02803445 A EP 02803445A EP 02803445 A EP02803445 A EP 02803445A EP 1446198 B1 EP1446198 B1 EP 1446198B1
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- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- water
- air
- casing
- fire
- housing
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003595 mist Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000003001 depressive effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000008033 biological extinction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003708 ampul Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005465 channeling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003517 fume Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009834 vaporization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008016 vaporization Effects 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62C—FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62C99/00—Subject matter not provided for in other groups of this subclass
- A62C99/0009—Methods of extinguishing or preventing the spread of fire by cooling down or suffocating the flames
- A62C99/0072—Methods of extinguishing or preventing the spread of fire by cooling down or suffocating the flames using sprayed or atomised water
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62C—FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62C3/00—Fire prevention, containment or extinguishing specially adapted for particular objects or places
- A62C3/02—Fire prevention, containment or extinguishing specially adapted for particular objects or places for area conflagrations, e.g. forest fires, subterranean fires
- A62C3/0207—Fire prevention, containment or extinguishing specially adapted for particular objects or places for area conflagrations, e.g. forest fires, subterranean fires by blowing air or gas currents with or without dispersion of fire extinguishing agents; Apparatus therefor, e.g. fans
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62C—FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62C3/00—Fire prevention, containment or extinguishing specially adapted for particular objects or places
- A62C3/02—Fire prevention, containment or extinguishing specially adapted for particular objects or places for area conflagrations, e.g. forest fires, subterranean fires
- A62C3/0221—Fire prevention, containment or extinguishing specially adapted for particular objects or places for area conflagrations, e.g. forest fires, subterranean fires for tunnels
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62C—FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62C31/00—Delivery of fire-extinguishing material
- A62C31/02—Nozzles specially adapted for fire-extinguishing
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a device for protecting a room, in particular a tunnel against fires.
- water spray extinguishing devices equipped with droplet generation heads supplied with either pressurized water or water jet sheared by a gas such as air have already been proposed for this purpose.
- the fire Because of the heat it releases, the fire creates a temperature gradient that causes air circulation to promote its propagation.
- a fire can not spread without consuming oxygen.
- conventional water droplet generation heads of the aforementioned type generally have a flow rate of 2 to 20 l / min and can effectively protect a maximum volume of the order of 500 m 3 with a height limitation of the order of 7 m, which is insufficient, particularly for the protection of high-risk or large-scale premises such as, for example, tunnels.
- the object of the present invention is to propose a method of protecting a fire-fighting room according to claim 1, having a significantly improved efficiency.
- This method is characterized in that it fixes at least one case of revolution open at both ends in the upper part of the room to be protected so that its median axis is substantially vertical.
- this housing comprises a substantially cylindrical lower part and a substantially bell-shaped, essentially bell-shaped upper part, and on the one hand contains depressive means capable of accelerating the air circulation due to the temperature gradient and the heat exchanges. in particular by convection effect, and secondly spray means capable of injecting fine droplets of water into the air circulated.
- the essential characteristic of the device according to the invention is related to the presence of the depressive means which create a strong depression by application of the Bernoulli principle and thus make it possible to channel and accelerate the circulation of natural air generated by the fire following the presence of a temperature gradient.
- the device according to the invention may in particular cases correspond to a semi-fixed equipment equipping a fire truck, including mounted at the end of an articulated arm or a telescopic arm and supplied with pressurized water .
- a semi-fixed equipment equipping a fire truck including mounted at the end of an articulated arm or a telescopic arm and supplied with pressurized water .
- Such a device that can be introduced over a fireplace or nearby is likely to facilitate the approach of firefighters to fight the fire.
- the depressive means consist of a disc centered on the median axis of the housing, mounted substantially perpendicular to this axis and rotated at high speed around it by a control motor.
- this disk is equipped on its upper face with a series of vanes of variable section which extend in the narrow upper part of the casing so as to create a large depression and to allow the suction of air from the top of the case to the lower part of it.
- To protect a tunnel can advantageously set up a housing of this type about every 50 meters.
- Such a configuration of the vacuum means has the advantage of having a reduced manufacturing cost.
- the drive motor of the disc can of course be any without departing from the scope of the invention and can operate with any source of energy (electricity, gas, air, ).
- an action or reaction water turbine such as a Pelton type water turbine or a Francis type water turbine.
- the spraying means can also be of any type and by way of example constituted by nozzles of conventional type, although the latter have the disadvantage of requiring the implementation of high pressure pumps or air bottles. .
- the spraying means are constituted by a cylindrical centrifuge chamber integrally mounted to the rotating disk so as to recover at least a portion of the water used in the turbine.
- this chamber is equipped on its peripheral wall with calibrated orifices for injecting fine droplets of water into the air circulated.
- the water entering the centrifuge chamber which rotates at high speed is pressurized, precipitated against the side walls of this chamber under the action of centrifugal force and sprayed in the form of fine droplets at calibrated orifices .
- This water can thus be injected into the air circulated by the pressure-reducing means whose speed is high enough to allow the aspiration of the droplets.
- the housing can also be equipped with a perforated fixed cylinder mounted opposite the orifices of the centrifuge chamber to facilitate the generation of water droplets.
- the device comprises a fire detector cooperating with the spraying means for controlling the injection of fine water droplets into the air circulated.
- this detector may be a known "sprinkler" type detection head constituted by a glass ampoule containing a gas fixed at the bottom and middle portion of the housing.
- such a detector may consist of a glass bulb of the aforementioned type positioned at the location most favorable to the detection of fires and located on the control circuit of a diaphragm valve mounted upstream of the water supply pipe of the spraying means.
- This local overpressure prevents any ventilation of the tunnel and fans when present become ineffective as the fire has created a plug of hot air.
- the device which is the subject of the invention overcomes this drawback thanks to the high vacuum created which has the effect of channeling the air flow by loading it with fine water droplets.
- the air is thus cooled, and its density increases.
- the air cap is subsequently weakened and mechanical or natural ventilation becomes effective again.
- tunnels are generally surmounted by hills or mountains.
- the difference in altitude makes it possible to pressurize the water.
- the protection device comprises a case of revolution 1 open at both ends which is intended to be fixed in the upper part of a room to be protected so that its median axis x-x 'is substantially vertical.
- the housing 1 more precisely comprises a cylindrical lower portion 10 extending at its upper part by a portion 11 tightened in the form of a bell.
- the casing 1 also encloses at its inner part a Pelton type turbine 2 whose jets 15 are supplied with pressurized water according to the arrow A by an axial duct 3 and whose bucket wheel 4 is integral with a disc 5 centered. on the median axis xx 'of the housing 1 and mounted substantially perpendicularly to this axis. The rotary disk 5 is thus rotated at high speed by the turbine 2.
- the rotary disc 5 is mounted in the junction zone between the cylindrical lower part 10 and the bell-shaped upper part 11 of the casing 1, and is equipped on its upper face opposite the turbine 2 with a series of vanes 6 of variable section which extend in the upper narrow portion 11 of the housing 1.
- the housing 1 also contains a cylindrical centrifuge chamber 7 driven in high speed rotation by the bucket wheel 4 with the rotary disc 5 and mounted to recover at least a portion of the water used in the turbine 2.
- the centrifuge chamber 7 is equipped on its peripheral wall 8 with a series of calibrated orifices 9.
- the housing 1 is further equipped with a perforated fixed cylinder 12 mounted opposite the calibrated orifices 9 of the centrifuge chamber 7 and two grids 13, 14 mounted at the open ends of the housing 1 so as to act as filtration units.
- the high-speed rotation of the fins 6 creates at the inner part of the housing 1 a depression causing the suction of air from top to bottom according to the arrows B.
- This air circulates according to the arrows C to the inner part of the housing 1 passes next to the calibrated orifices 9 of the centrifuge chamber 7, before going up along the arrows D along the outer periphery of the housing 1.
- the fixed tube 12 located at the right of the 9-gauge orifices facilitates the generation of droplets.
Abstract
Description
La présente invention concerne un dispositif de protection d'un local, notamment d'un tunnel contre les incendies.The present invention relates to a device for protecting a room, in particular a tunnel against fires.
Les dégâts tant humains que matériels pouvant être causés par le feu ne sont plus à démontrer, et les spécialistes cherchent depuis longtemps à proposer des moyens pour lutter contre ce fléau.The damage, both human and material, that can be caused by fire is well established, and specialists have long sought to propose ways to combat this scourge.
Dans ce but, les autorités imposent d'équiper certains bâtiments à usage privé ou professionnel ou certains lieux publics de différents types d'extincteurs dont l'efficacité est malheureusement trop souvent insuffisante.For this purpose, the authorities require the fitting of certain types of fire extinguishers for private or professional use or public places, the effectiveness of which is unfortunately all too often insufficient.
On a à titre d'exemple déjà proposé à cet effet des dispositifs d'extinction par pulvérisation d'eau équipés de têtes génératrices de gouttelettes alimentées soit en eau sous pression soit par jet d'eau cisaillé par un gaz tel que l'air.By way of example, water spray extinguishing devices equipped with droplet generation heads supplied with either pressurized water or water jet sheared by a gas such as air have already been proposed for this purpose.
De tels dispositifs fonctionnent de la façon suivante :Such devices work as follows:
De par la chaleur qu'il dégage, le feu crée un gradient de température qui entraîne une circulation d'air favorisant sa propagation.Because of the heat it releases, the fire creates a temperature gradient that causes air circulation to promote its propagation.
Un incendie ne peut en effet pas se propager sans consommer de l'oxygène.A fire can not spread without consuming oxygen.
Or, si l'on injecte de fines gouttelettes d'eau notamment sous la forme d'un brouillard dans l'air circulant au voisinage d'un incendie, celles-ci sont aspirées dans la flamme et se vaporisent, permettant ainsi l'extinction de celle-ci par manque d'oxygène.However, if we inject fine water droplets in the form of a mist into the air circulating in the vicinity of a fire, they are sucked into the flame and vaporize, thus allowing the extinction of it for lack of oxygen.
Cependant, les têtes génératrices de gouttelettes d'eau classiques du type susmentionné n'ont en règle générale qu'un débit de 2 à 20 l/min et ne peuvent protéger efficacement qu'un volume au maximum de l'ordre de 500 m3 avec une limitation en hauteur de l'ordre de 7 m, ce qui est insuffisant, notamment pour la protection de locaux à haut risque ou de grande dimension tel qu'à titre d'exemple des tunnels.However, conventional water droplet generation heads of the aforementioned type generally have a flow rate of 2 to 20 l / min and can effectively protect a maximum volume of the order of 500 m 3 with a height limitation of the order of 7 m, which is insufficient, particularly for the protection of high-risk or large-scale premises such as, for example, tunnels.
La présente invention a pour objet de proposer un procédé de protection d'un local contre les incendies selon la revendication 1, ayant une efficacité nettement améliorée.The object of the present invention is to propose a method of protecting a fire-fighting room according to
Ce procédé est caractérisé en ce qu'on fixe au moins un boîtier de révolution ouvert à ses deux extrémités en partie haute du local à protéger de sorte que son axe médian soit sensiblement vertical.This method is characterized in that it fixes at least one case of revolution open at both ends in the upper part of the room to be protected so that its median axis is substantially vertical.
Selon l'invention, ce boîtier comporte une partie inférieure essentiellement cylindrique et une partie supérieure resserrée essentiellement en forme de cloche et renferme d'une part des moyens déprimogènes susceptibles d'accélérer la circulation d'air due au gradient de température et aux échanges thermiques notamment par effet de convection, et d'autre part des moyens de pulvérisation susceptibles d'injecter de fines gouttelettes d'eau dans l'air mis en circulation.According to the invention, this housing comprises a substantially cylindrical lower part and a substantially bell-shaped, essentially bell-shaped upper part, and on the one hand contains depressive means capable of accelerating the air circulation due to the temperature gradient and the heat exchanges. in particular by convection effect, and secondly spray means capable of injecting fine droplets of water into the air circulated.
La caractéristique essentielle du dispositif conforme à l'invention est liée à la présence des moyens déprimogènes qui créent une forte dépression par application du principe de Bernoulli et permettent ainsi de canaliser et d'accélérer la circulation d'air naturelle générée par le feu suite à la présence d'un gradient de température.The essential characteristic of the device according to the invention is related to the presence of the depressive means which create a strong depression by application of the Bernoulli principle and thus make it possible to channel and accelerate the circulation of natural air generated by the fire following the presence of a temperature gradient.
Or, si l'on charge l'air ainsi mis en circulation de fines gouttelettes d'eau, la vaporisation de cette eau est elle aussi accélérée permettant ainsi d'obtenir une extinction rapide du feu par manque d'oxygène.However, if the air thus circulated is charged with fine water droplets, the vaporization of this water is also accelerated thus allowing a rapid extinction of the fire due to lack of oxygen.
Il est à noter que le dispositif conforme à l'invention peut dans certains cas particuliers correspondre à un matériel semi-fixe équipant un camion de pompiers, notamment monté en bout d'un bras articulé ou d'un bras télescopique et alimenté en eau pressurisée. Un tel dispositif qui peut être introduit au dessus d'un foyer ou à proximité est de nature à faciliter l'approche des pompiers pour combattre l'incendie.It should be noted that the device according to the invention may in particular cases correspond to a semi-fixed equipment equipping a fire truck, including mounted at the end of an articulated arm or a telescopic arm and supplied with pressurized water . Such a device that can be introduced over a fireplace or nearby is likely to facilitate the approach of firefighters to fight the fire.
Selon une caractéristique préférentielle de l'invention, les moyens déprimogènes sont constitués par un disque centré sur l'axe médian du boîtier, monté essentiellement perpendiculairement à cet axe et entraîné en rotation à grande vitesse autour de celui-ci par un moteur de commande.According to a preferred feature of the invention, the depressive means consist of a disc centered on the median axis of the housing, mounted substantially perpendicular to this axis and rotated at high speed around it by a control motor.
Selon l'invention, ce disque est équipé sur sa face supérieure d'une série d'ailettes de section variable qui s'étendent dans la partie supérieure resserrée du boîtier de façon à créer une dépression importante et à permettre l'aspiration d'air de la partie supérieure du boîtier vers la partie inférieure de celui-ci.According to the invention, this disk is equipped on its upper face with a series of vanes of variable section which extend in the narrow upper part of the casing so as to create a large depression and to allow the suction of air from the top of the case to the lower part of it.
On a pu obtenir une protection largement satisfaisante de locaux de grandes dimensions en mettant en oeuvre des disques rotatifs ayant un diamètre de l'ordre du mètre.It has been possible to obtain a largely satisfactory protection of large premises by using rotating discs having a diameter of the order of one meter.
Pour protéger un tunnel on peut avantageusement mettre en place un boîtier de ce type environ tous les 50 mètres.To protect a tunnel can advantageously set up a housing of this type about every 50 meters.
Une telle configuration des moyens déprimogènes présente l'avantage d'avoir un coût de fabrication réduit.Such a configuration of the vacuum means has the advantage of having a reduced manufacturing cost.
Le moteur de commande du disque peut bien entendu être quelconque sans pour cela sortir du cadre de l'invention et peut fonctionner avec une source d'énergie quelconque (électricité, gaz, air, ...).The drive motor of the disc can of course be any without departing from the scope of the invention and can operate with any source of energy (electricity, gas, air, ...).
Il est cependant particulièrement avantageux de mettre en oeuvre à cet effet une turbine à eau à action ou à réaction telle qu'une turbine à eau de type Pelton ou une turbine à eau de type Francis.However, it is particularly advantageous to implement for this purpose an action or reaction water turbine such as a Pelton type water turbine or a Francis type water turbine.
Les moyens de pulvérisation peuvent eux aussi être de type quelconque et à titre d'exemple constitués par des buses de type classique, ce bien que ces dernières présentent l'inconvénient de nécessiter la mise en oeuvre de pompes haute pression ou de bouteilles d'air.The spraying means can also be of any type and by way of example constituted by nozzles of conventional type, although the latter have the disadvantage of requiring the implementation of high pressure pumps or air bottles. .
Pour cette raison, et selon une caractéristique préférentielle de l'invention, les moyens de pulvérisation sont constitués par une chambre centrifugeuse cylindrique montée solidairement au disque rotatif de façon à récupérer au moins une partie de l'eau utilisée dans la turbine.For this reason, and according to a preferred feature of the invention, the spraying means are constituted by a cylindrical centrifuge chamber integrally mounted to the rotating disk so as to recover at least a portion of the water used in the turbine.
Selon l'invention, cette chambre est équipée, sur sa paroi périphérique, d'orifices calibrés permettant l'injection de fines gouttelettes d'eau dans l'air mis en circulation.According to the invention, this chamber is equipped on its peripheral wall with calibrated orifices for injecting fine droplets of water into the air circulated.
Compte tenu de cette configuration, l'eau pénétrant dans la chambre centrifugeuse qui tourne à grande vitesse est pressurisée, précipitée contre les parois latérales de cette chambre sous l'action de la force centrifuge et pulvérisée sous forme de fines gouttelettes au niveau des orifices calibrés. Cette eau peut donc ainsi être injectée dans l'air mis en circulation par les moyens déprimogènes dont la vitesse est suffisamment élevée pour permettre l'aspiration des gouttelettes.Given this configuration, the water entering the centrifuge chamber which rotates at high speed is pressurized, precipitated against the side walls of this chamber under the action of centrifugal force and sprayed in the form of fine droplets at calibrated orifices . This water can thus be injected into the air circulated by the pressure-reducing means whose speed is high enough to allow the aspiration of the droplets.
Selon l'invention, le boîtier peut en outre être équipé d'un cylindre fixe perforé monté en vis-à-vis des orifices de la chambre centrifugeuse pour faciliter la génération des gouttelettes d'eau.According to the invention, the housing can also be equipped with a perforated fixed cylinder mounted opposite the orifices of the centrifuge chamber to facilitate the generation of water droplets.
Selon une autre caractéristique de l'invention le dispositif comporte un détecteur d'incendie coopérant avec les moyens de pulvérisation pour commander l'injection de fines gouttelettes d'eau dans l'air mis en circulation.According to another characteristic of the invention the device comprises a fire detector cooperating with the spraying means for controlling the injection of fine water droplets into the air circulated.
Selon une première variante ce détecteur peut être une tête de détection de type « sprinkler » connue en elle-même constituée par une ampoule de verre contenant un gaz fixée en partie inférieure et médiane du boîtier.According to a first variant, this detector may be a known "sprinkler" type detection head constituted by a glass ampoule containing a gas fixed at the bottom and middle portion of the housing.
Sous l'effet de la chaleur engendrée par un incendie une telle ampoule éclate de façon à libérer un mécanisme de nature à commander l'actionnement des moyens de pulvérisation, en particulier à ouvrir la vanne d'alimentation des jets de la turbine à eau.Under the effect of the heat generated by a fire, such a bulb bursts so as to release a mechanism of such a nature as to control the actuation of the spraying means, in particular to open the feed valve for the jets of the water turbine.
Selon une seconde variante un tel détecteur peut être constitué par une ampoule de verre du type susmentionné positionnée à l'endroit le plus propice à la détection d'incendies et située sur le circuit de pilotage d'une vanne à membrane montée en amont de la canalisation d'alimentation en eau des moyens de pulvérisation.According to a second variant, such a detector may consist of a glass bulb of the aforementioned type positioned at the location most favorable to the detection of fires and located on the control circuit of a diaphragm valve mounted upstream of the water supply pipe of the spraying means.
Il est par ailleurs possible d'envisager, conformément à l'invention d'injecter de l'eau pulvérisée ou des gouttelettes d'eau dans l'air aspiré directement à la partie supérieure du boîtier de façon à refroidir cet air qui se trouve à une température élevée.It is also possible to envisage, according to the invention to inject water spray or water droplets into the air sucked directly to the upper part of the housing so as to cool the air which is at high temperature
Dans ce cas, il est avantageux d'équiper le boiter, à sa partie interne, d'une chambre radiale concentrique aux ailettes de façon à récupérer une partie de l'eau qui a été injectée en amont sous l'action de la force centrifuge.In this case, it is advantageous to equip the box, at its inner part, with a radial chamber concentric with the fins so as to recover a part of the water which has been injected upstream under the action of the centrifugal force. .
Or, lors de son injection dans l'air cette eau s'est chargée en particules provenant de la combustion, permettant ainsi d'obtenir un léger filtrage des fumées.However, when it is injected into the air, this water is charged with particles from the combustion, thus making it possible to obtain a slight filtering of the fumes.
Il est à noter que la mise en oeuvre du dispositif qui fait l'objet de l'invention dans un tunnel notamment de grande longueur est particulièrement avantageuse.It should be noted that the implementation of the device which is the subject of the invention in a particularly long tunnel is particularly advantageous.
En effet, dans un tunnel, il y a en général une circulation d'air qui peut être naturelle, mais également forcée au moyen d'organes mécaniques tels que des ventilateurs.Indeed, in a tunnel, there is usually a flow of air that can be natural, but also forced by means of mechanical devices such as fans.
Or, lorsqu'il y a un feu dans un tunnel, la pression et la température augmentent localement.However, when there is a fire in a tunnel, the pressure and the temperature increase locally.
Cette surpression locale empêche toute ventilation du tunnel et les ventilateurs lorsqu'ils sont présents deviennent inefficaces vu que le feu a créé un bouchon d'air chaud.This local overpressure prevents any ventilation of the tunnel and fans when present become ineffective as the fire has created a plug of hot air.
Le dispositif qui fait l'objet de l'invention permet de remédier à cet inconvénient grâce à la forte dépression créée qui a pour effet de canaliser la circulation d'air en chargeant celui-ci de fines gouttelettes d'eau.The device which is the subject of the invention overcomes this drawback thanks to the high vacuum created which has the effect of channeling the air flow by loading it with fine water droplets.
L'air est donc refroidi, et sa densité augmente.The air is thus cooled, and its density increases.
Le bouchon d'air est par suite affaibli et la ventilation mécanique ou naturelle redevient efficace.The air cap is subsequently weakened and mechanical or natural ventilation becomes effective again.
On peut ainsi protéger un tunnel, même de grande longueur contre les incendies en répartissant régulièrement une suite de dispositifs conformes à l'invention le long de celui-ci, à sa partie supérieure.It is thus possible to protect a tunnel, even of great length against fires by regularly distributing a series of devices according to the invention along the latter, at its upper part.
Ces dispositifs ne permettent pas obligatoirement d'éteindre un incendie mais ils présentent toujours l'avantage d'empêcher la création de bouchons de chaleur et de permettre l'intervention des pompiers et l'évacuation des personnes.These devices do not necessarily make it possible to extinguish a fire but they always have the advantage of preventing the creation of heat plugs and allowing the intervention of firefighters and evacuation of people.
Il est par ailleurs à noter que les tunnels sont en règle générale surmontés par des collines ou des montagnes.It should also be noted that tunnels are generally surmounted by hills or mountains.
Il est par suite avantageux de créer à ce niveau, en partie haute un bassin de rétention de capacité suffisante dont l'eau peut être utilisée pour alimenter les moyens de pulvérisation, en particulier les canalisations d'alimentation des jets des turbines à eau de dispositifs conformes à l'invention pour la protection contre les incendies.It is therefore advantageous to create at this level, in the upper part, a retention basin of sufficient capacity, the water of which can be used to feed the spray means, in particular the supply lines of the jets of the water turbines of devices according to the invention for fire protection.
Le dénivelé permet en effet de pressuriser l'eau.The difference in altitude makes it possible to pressurize the water.
On peut ainsi obtenir un système de protection contre les incendies efficace et fiable dont la maintenance est aisée et la mise hors gel simplifiée.This provides an effective and reliable fire protection system that is easy to maintain and easy to set.
Les caractéristiques du dispositif de protection contre les incendies qui fait l'objet de l'invention seront décrites plus en détail en se référant à la figure annexée qui est une vue schématique d'un exemple non limitatif de configuration d'un tel dispositif.The characteristics of the fire protection device which is the subject of the invention will be described in more detail with reference to the attached figure which is a schematic view of a non-limiting example of configuration of such a device.
Dans un but de clarté, sur la figure, les éléments fixes ont été représentés en trait fin et les éléments rotatifs en trait plus épais.For the sake of clarity, in the figure, the fixed elements have been shown in fine lines and the rotary elements in thicker lines.
Selon la figure, le dispositif de protection comporte un boîtier de révolution 1 ouvert à ses deux extrémités qui est destiné à être fixé en partie haute d'un local à protéger de sorte que son axe médian x-x' soit sensiblement vertical.According to the figure, the protection device comprises a case of
Le boîtier 1 comporte plus précisément une partie inférieure cylindrique 10 se prolongeant à sa partie supérieure par une partie 11 resserrée en forme de cloche.The
Le boîtier 1 renferme par ailleurs à sa partie interne une turbine de type Pelton 2 dont les jets 15 sont alimentée en eau sous pression selon la flèche A par une canalisation axiale 3 et dont la roue à augets 4 est solidaire d'un disque 5 centré sur l'axe médian x-x' du boîtier 1 et monté essentiellement perpendiculairement à cet axe. Le disque rotatif 5 est donc entraîné en rotation à grande vitesse par la turbine 2.The
Selon la figure, le disque rotatif 5 est monté dans la zone de jonction entre la partie inférieure cylindrique 10 et la partie supérieure resserrée en forme de cloche 11 du boîtier 1, et est équipé sur sa face supérieure opposée à la turbine 2 d'une série d'ailettes 6 de section variable qui s'étendent dans la partie supérieure resserrée 11 du boîtier 1.According to the figure, the
Le boîtier 1 renferme par ailleurs une chambre centrifugeuse cylindrique 7 entraînée en rotation à grande vitesse par la roue à augets 4 avec le disque rotatif 5 et montée de façon à récupérer au moins une partie de l'eau utilisée dans la turbine 2.The
La chambre centrifugeuse 7 est équipée sur sa paroi périphérique 8 d'une série d'orifices calibrés 9.The
Le boîtier 1 est en outre équipé d'un cylindre fixe perforé 12 monté en vis-à-vis des orifices calibrés 9 de la chambre centrifugeuse 7 ainsi que de deux grilles 13, 14 montées au niveau des extrémités ouvertes du boîtier 1 de façon à faire office d'organes de filtration.The
Le mode de fonctionnement de ce dispositif est le suivant :The mode of operation of this device is as follows:
La rotation à grande vitesse des ailettes 6 crée à la partie interne du boîtier 1 une dépression entraînant l'aspiration d'air du haut vers le bas selon les flèches B. Cet air qui circule selon les flèches C à la partie interne du boîtier 1 passe en regard des orifices calibrés 9 de la chambre centrifugeuse 7, avant de remonter selon les flèches D le long de la périphérie externe du boîtier 1.The high-speed rotation of the
Il se crée ainsi une circulation forcée d'air dans et autour du boîtier 1.It creates a forced circulation of air in and around the
Parallèlement, sous l'action de la force centrifuge, l'eau provenant de la turbine 2 est précipitée contre les parois latérales 8 de la chambre 7 et pulvérisée au droit des orifices calibrés 9 de cette chambre pour être injectée dans l'air mis en circulation selon les flèches C en regard de ces orifices.Meanwhile, under the action of the centrifugal force, the water from the
Le tube fixe 12 situé au droit des orifices calibre 9 permet de faciliter la génération des gouttelettes.The fixed
Claims (6)
- Method for protecting a location, in particular a tunnel, from fires, according to which fine droplets of water are injected, in particular in the form of a mist, into the air moving in the region of a fire, so that they are drawn into the flame and vaporise, thus allowing this flame to be extinguished owing to a lack of oxygen,
characterised in that- at least one revolving casing (1) which is open at its two ends is fixed at an upper portion of the location to be protected, so that its centre axis is substantially vertical, this casing (1) comprising a substantially cylindrical lower portion and an upper portion (11) which is narrowed substantially in the form of a bell,- the natural flow of air produced by the fire is channelled and accelerated in and around this revolving casing (1) under the action of the temperature gradient and the thermal exchanges, in particular by means of a convection effect, and- fine droplets of water are injected into the air which is channelled and circulated in this manner. - Method according to claim 1,
characterised in that
the natural flow of air which is produced by the fire is channelled and accelerated by using reduced pressure means which are mounted in the revolving casing (1) and which are constituted by a plate (5) which is centred on the centre axis (xx') of the casing (1), and which is mounted substantially perpendicularly relative to this axis and driven in rotation at high speed about the axis by means of a control motor (2), this plate (5) being provided on the upper face thereof with a series of fins (6) which have a variable cross-section and which extend in the narrowed upper portion (11) of the casing (1) in order to create a reduced pressure and allow the air to be drawn from the upper portion of the casing (1) towards the lower portion thereof. - Method according to claim 2,
characterised in that
the control motor (2) is constituted by an action or reaction water turbine, such as a water turbine of the Pelton type or a water turbine of the Francis type. - Method according to claim 3,
characterised in that
fine droplets of water are injected into the air which is channelled and circulated by using spraying means which are constituted by a cylindrical centrifugal chamber (7) which is mounted in the revolving casing (1) and fixedly joined to the rotating plate (5) in order to recover at least part of the water used in the turbine (2), this chamber (7) being provided, at the peripheral wall (8) thereof, with calibrated holes (9) which allow fine droplets of water to be injected into the air being circulated. - Method according to claim 4,
characterised in that
the casing (1) is provided with a perforated fixed cylinder (12) which is mounted opposite the holes (9) of the centrifugal chamber (7) in order to facilitate the production of the water droplets. - Method according to any one of claims 1 to 5,
characterised in that
a fire detector is used and co-operates with the spraying means (7, 9) to control the injection of fine droplets of water into the air being circulated.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR0115113A FR2832316B1 (en) | 2001-11-22 | 2001-11-22 | DEVICE FOR PROTECTING A PREMISES, ESPECIALLY A FIRE TUNNEL |
| FR0115113 | 2001-11-22 | ||
| PCT/FR2002/003967 WO2003043701A1 (en) | 2001-11-22 | 2002-11-20 | Device for protecting premises in particular a tunnel against fire |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP1446198A1 EP1446198A1 (en) | 2004-08-18 |
| EP1446198B1 true EP1446198B1 (en) | 2008-04-16 |
Family
ID=8869672
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP02803445A Expired - Lifetime EP1446198B1 (en) | 2001-11-22 | 2002-11-20 | Device for protecting premises in particular a tunnel against fire |
Country Status (9)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US7562716B2 (en) |
| EP (1) | EP1446198B1 (en) |
| AT (1) | ATE392236T1 (en) |
| AU (1) | AU2002365955A1 (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2467070C (en) |
| DE (1) | DE60226168T2 (en) |
| ES (1) | ES2306814T3 (en) |
| FR (1) | FR2832316B1 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2003043701A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR3011268B1 (en) * | 2013-09-30 | 2015-10-30 | Pierre Lecanu | TURBINE FOR GENERATING FINE FLUID DROPS IN PARTICULAR FINE WATER DROPLETS |
| RU2600081C1 (en) * | 2015-05-22 | 2016-10-20 | Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего профессионального образования "Московский государственный строительный университет" (ФГБОУ ВПО "МГСУ") | Method for production of sprayed water for fire extinguishing |
| CA3025770A1 (en) * | 2016-05-27 | 2017-11-30 | Twin City Fan Companies, Ltd. | Tunnel fan and method |
| CN107398047B (en) * | 2017-03-29 | 2021-01-01 | 王力丰 | Compressed air artificial wind device, operation method and fire fighting equipment |
| JP6954373B2 (en) * | 2017-12-12 | 2021-10-27 | 日本電気株式会社 | In-tunnel fire control system |
Family Cites Families (17)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2891624A (en) * | 1957-01-22 | 1959-06-23 | Le Roy C Mcbride | Conflagration-fighting method |
| US3128036A (en) * | 1960-10-17 | 1964-04-07 | Le Roy C Mcbride | Machine to generate and control an airstream |
| US3428131A (en) * | 1966-08-16 | 1969-02-18 | Bliss Co | Method and apparatus for generating fire-fighting foam |
| US3393745A (en) | 1966-11-21 | 1968-07-23 | Kidde & Co Walter | Water-powered fire-fighting foam generator |
| FR1545112A (en) * | 1966-11-21 | 1968-11-08 | Specialties Dev Corp | Water powered foam generator for fire fighting |
| GB1219363A (en) * | 1968-02-06 | 1971-01-13 | Mini Of Technology | Improvements in or relating to the control and extinction of fires |
| DE2052863A1 (en) * | 1970-10-21 | 1972-05-31 | Auergesellschaft Gmbh, 1000 Berlin | High expansion foam generator |
| US3780812A (en) * | 1971-07-06 | 1973-12-25 | M Lambert | Method and apparatus for generating fire-fighting foam |
| CA1041865A (en) * | 1975-06-27 | 1978-11-07 | Donald F. Gerdes | Fire control system for spray booth |
| US4099572A (en) * | 1976-05-07 | 1978-07-11 | Valentin Vasilievich Vasilenko | Vapor-gas mixture generating installation for extinguishing underground fires |
| JPS5795254U (en) * | 1980-11-29 | 1982-06-11 | ||
| US4427074A (en) * | 1981-05-22 | 1984-01-24 | Goesta Wollin | Spraying apparatus |
| US4834188A (en) * | 1987-03-19 | 1989-05-30 | Twenty-First Century International Fire Equipment And Services Corp. | Fire extinguishing system for cookstoves and ranges |
| US5305548A (en) * | 1992-11-12 | 1994-04-26 | Siebol James R | Orchard heat exchanger |
| DE29718954U1 (en) * | 1997-10-24 | 1998-01-08 | Bader Juergen | Overpressure ventilation device |
| US6086053A (en) * | 1998-08-19 | 2000-07-11 | Airmaster Fan Company | Fan guard mounted mister having plurality of spaced nozzles |
| US6471194B2 (en) * | 2000-12-14 | 2002-10-29 | Bart Keeney | Mist fan |
-
2001
- 2001-11-22 FR FR0115113A patent/FR2832316B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2002
- 2002-11-20 DE DE60226168T patent/DE60226168T2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2002-11-20 US US10/495,694 patent/US7562716B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2002-11-20 WO PCT/FR2002/003967 patent/WO2003043701A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 2002-11-20 ES ES02803445T patent/ES2306814T3/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2002-11-20 AU AU2002365955A patent/AU2002365955A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2002-11-20 AT AT02803445T patent/ATE392236T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2002-11-20 EP EP02803445A patent/EP1446198B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2002-11-20 CA CA002467070A patent/CA2467070C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| FR2832316B1 (en) | 2004-06-18 |
| US20050028991A1 (en) | 2005-02-10 |
| ATE392236T1 (en) | 2008-05-15 |
| FR2832316A1 (en) | 2003-05-23 |
| EP1446198A1 (en) | 2004-08-18 |
| CA2467070C (en) | 2007-03-27 |
| DE60226168T2 (en) | 2009-06-18 |
| DE60226168D1 (en) | 2008-05-29 |
| US7562716B2 (en) | 2009-07-21 |
| AU2002365955A1 (en) | 2003-06-10 |
| ES2306814T3 (en) | 2008-11-16 |
| CA2467070A1 (en) | 2003-05-30 |
| WO2003043701A1 (en) | 2003-05-30 |
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