EP1446198A1 - Device for protecting premises in particular a tunnel against fire - Google Patents

Device for protecting premises in particular a tunnel against fire

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Publication number
EP1446198A1
EP1446198A1 EP02803445A EP02803445A EP1446198A1 EP 1446198 A1 EP1446198 A1 EP 1446198A1 EP 02803445 A EP02803445 A EP 02803445A EP 02803445 A EP02803445 A EP 02803445A EP 1446198 A1 EP1446198 A1 EP 1446198A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
housing
air
water droplets
water
fire
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP02803445A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP1446198B1 (en
Inventor
Pierre Lecanu
Jean-Pierre Lebreton
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Individual
Original Assignee
Individual
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Publication of EP1446198A1 publication Critical patent/EP1446198A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1446198B1 publication Critical patent/EP1446198B1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62C—FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62C99/00—Subject matter not provided for in other groups of this subclass
    • A62C99/0009—Methods of extinguishing or preventing the spread of fire by cooling down or suffocating the flames
    • A62C99/0072—Methods of extinguishing or preventing the spread of fire by cooling down or suffocating the flames using sprayed or atomised water
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62C—FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62C3/00—Fire prevention, containment or extinguishing specially adapted for particular objects or places
    • A62C3/02—Fire prevention, containment or extinguishing specially adapted for particular objects or places for area conflagrations, e.g. forest fires, subterranean fires
    • A62C3/0207—Fire prevention, containment or extinguishing specially adapted for particular objects or places for area conflagrations, e.g. forest fires, subterranean fires by blowing air or gas currents with or without dispersion of fire extinguishing agents; Apparatus therefor, e.g. fans
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62C—FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62C3/00—Fire prevention, containment or extinguishing specially adapted for particular objects or places
    • A62C3/02—Fire prevention, containment or extinguishing specially adapted for particular objects or places for area conflagrations, e.g. forest fires, subterranean fires
    • A62C3/0221—Fire prevention, containment or extinguishing specially adapted for particular objects or places for area conflagrations, e.g. forest fires, subterranean fires for tunnels
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62C—FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62C31/00—Delivery of fire-extinguishing material
    • A62C31/02—Nozzles specially adapted for fire-extinguishing

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a device for protecting a room, in particular a tunnel against fire.
  • the damage, both human and material, which can be caused by fire is no longer to be demonstrated, and specialists have long sought to propose means to combat this scourge.
  • the object of the present invention is to propose a device for protecting a room against fires having a markedly improved efficiency.
  • This device is characterized in that it consists of a revolution box open at its two ends and intended to be fixed in the upper part of the room to be protected so that its median axis is substantially vertical.
  • this housing comprises a substantially cylindrical lower part and a tightened, essentially bell-shaped upper part, and on the one hand contains pressure-reducing means capable of accelerating the circulation of air due to the temperature gradient and to the heat exchanges in particular by convection effect, and on the other hand spray means capable of injecting fine water droplets into the air circulated.
  • the essential characteristic of the device according to the invention is linked to the presence of the pressure-reducing means which create a strong depression by application of the Bernoulli principle and thus make it possible to channel and accelerate the circulation of natural air generated by the fire following the presence of a temperature gradient.
  • the device according to the invention may in certain particular cases correspond to semi-fixed equipment fitted to a fire truck, in particular mounted at the end of an articulated arm or of a telescopic arm and supplied with pressurized water.
  • a device which can be inserted above or near a fireplace is likely to facilitate the approach of firefighters to fight the fire.
  • the pressure-reducing means consist of a disc centered on the median axis of the housing, mounted essentially perpendicular to this axis and driven in rotation at high speed around the latter by a motor of ordered.
  • this disc is equipped on its upper face with a series of fins of variable section which extend in the narrowed upper part of the housing so as to create a significant vacuum and to allow the suction of air from the top of the case to the bottom of the case.
  • the drive motor for the disc can of course be arbitrary without departing from the scope of the invention and can operate with any source of energy (electricity, gas, air, etc.).
  • an action or reaction water turbine such as a Pelton type water turbine or a Francis type water turbine.
  • the spraying means can also be of any type and by way of example constituted by nozzles of conventional type, although the latter have the drawback of requiring the use of high pressure pumps or air bottles. .
  • the spraying means consist of a cylindrical centrifuge chamber mounted integrally with the rotary disc so as to recover at least part of the water used in the turbine.
  • this chamber is equipped, on its peripheral wall, with calibrated orifices allowing the injection of fine water droplets into the air put into circulation.
  • the water entering the centrifuge chamber which rotates at high speed is pressurized, precipitated against the side walls of this chamber under the action of centrifugal force and sprayed in the form of fine droplets at the calibrated orifices. .
  • This water can thus be injected into the air circulated by the pressure-reducing means, the speed of which is sufficiently high to allow the suction of the droplets.
  • the housing can also be equipped with a fixed perforated cylinder mounted opposite the orifices of the centrifuge chamber to facilitate the generation of water droplets.
  • the device comprises a fire detector cooperating with the spraying means to control the injection of fine water droplets into the air circulated.
  • this detector may be a detection head of the “sprinkler” type known in itself constituted by a glass bulb containing a gas fixed in the lower and middle part of the housing. Under the effect of the heat generated by a fire, such a bulb bursts so as to release a mechanism capable of controlling the actuation of the spraying means, in particular to open the valve for supplying the jets to the water turbine.
  • a detector can be constituted by a glass bulb of the aforementioned type positioned at the most suitable location for detecting fires and situated on the control circuit of a membrane valve mounted upstream of the water supply pipe for spraying means. It is also possible to envisage, in accordance with the invention, injecting water spray or water droplets into the air sucked directly into the upper part of the housing so as to cool this air which is at high temperature.
  • This local overpressure prevents any ventilation of the tunnel and the fans when present become ineffective since the fire has created a plug of hot air.
  • the device which is the subject of the invention overcomes this drawback thanks to the strong vacuum created which has the effect of channeling the air circulation by charging it with fine water droplets.
  • the air is therefore cooled, and its density increases.
  • the air plug is therefore weakened and mechanical or natural ventilation becomes effective again. It is thus possible to protect a tunnel, even a very long one, against fire by regularly distributing a series of devices in accordance with the invention along its upper part.
  • tunnels are generally topped by hills or mountains. It is therefore advantageous to create at this level, in the upper part, a retention basin of sufficient capacity, the water of which can be used to supply the spraying means, in particular the supply lines for the jets of the water turbines of the devices. in accordance with the invention for fire protection.
  • the elevation makes it possible to pressurize the water.
  • the protection device comprises a revolution box 1 open at its two ends which is intended to be fixed in the upper part of a room to be protected so that its median axis x-x 'is substantially vertical.
  • the housing 1 more specifically comprises a cylindrical lower part 10 extending at its upper part by a part 1 1 tightened in the shape of a bell.
  • the housing 1 also contains at its internal part a Pelton type turbine 2 whose jets 15 are supplied with pressurized water according to arrow A by an axial pipe 3 and whose auger wheel 4 is integral with a disc 5 centered on the median axis xx 'of the housing 1 and mounted essentially perpendicular to this axis.
  • the rotary disc 5 is therefore driven in rotation at high speed by the turbine 2.
  • the rotary disc 5 is mounted in the junction zone between the cylindrical lower part 10 and the upper tightened in the shape of a bell 1 1 of the housing 1, and is equipped on its upper face opposite to the turbine 2 of a series of fins 6 of variable section which extend in the constricted upper part 11 of the housing 1.
  • the housing 1 also contains a cylindrical centrifuge chamber 7 rotated at high speed by the bucket wheel 4 with the rotating disc 5 and mounted so as to recover at least part of the water used in the turbine 2.
  • the chamber centrifuge 7 is equipped on its peripheral wall 8 with a series of calibrated orifices 9.
  • the housing 1 is further equipped with a fixed perforated cylinder 12 mounted opposite the calibrated orifices 9 of the centrifuge chamber 7 as well as two grids 13, 14 mounted at the open ends of the housing 1 of so as to act as filtration devices.
  • the operating mode of this device is as follows:
  • the high-speed rotation of the fins 6 creates a depression in the internal part of the housing 1 causing the suction of air from top to bottom according to the arrows B.
  • This air which circulates according to the arrows C to the internal part of the housing 1 passes opposite the calibrated orifices 9 of the centrifuge chamber 7, before rising according to the arrows D along the external periphery of the housing 1.

Landscapes

  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
  • Emergency Management (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Ecology (AREA)
  • Forests & Forestry (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
  • Fire-Extinguishing By Fire Departments, And Fire-Extinguishing Equipment And Control Thereof (AREA)
  • Buildings Adapted To Withstand Abnormal External Influences (AREA)
  • Building Environments (AREA)
  • Fireproofing Substances (AREA)
  • Inorganic Insulating Materials (AREA)
  • Fire-Detection Mechanisms (AREA)
  • Insulated Conductors (AREA)
  • Fire Alarms (AREA)
  • Structures Of Non-Positive Displacement Pumps (AREA)

Abstract

The invention concerns a device for protecting premises in particular a tunnel against fire, consisting of a circular housing (1) open at its two ends and designed to be fixed in the upper part of the premises to be protected such that its median axis (XX') is substantially vertical, said housing (1) comprising a substantially cylindrical lower part (10) and an upper part (11) substantially tapered in the shape of a bell, and containing part of vacuum-producing means (2, 5, 6) capable of accelerating air circulation in and around the housing (1) and spray means (7, 9) capable of injecting fine water droplets in the resulting circulating air.

Description

« Dispositif de protection d'un local notamment d'un tunnel contre les incendies »"Device for protecting a room, in particular a fire tunnel"
La présente invention concerne un dispositif de protection d'un local, notamment d'un tunnel contre les incendies. Les dégâts tant humains que matériels pouvant être causés par le feu ne sont plus à démontrer, et les spécialistes cherchent depuis longtemps à proposer des moyens pour lutter contre ce fléau.The present invention relates to a device for protecting a room, in particular a tunnel against fire. The damage, both human and material, which can be caused by fire is no longer to be demonstrated, and specialists have long sought to propose means to combat this scourge.
Dans ce but, les autorités imposent d'équiper certains bâtiments à usage privé ou professionnel ou certains lieux publics de diffé- rents types d'extincteurs dont l'efficacité est malheureusement trop souvent insuffisante.To this end, the authorities require that certain buildings for private or professional use or certain public places be equipped with different types of fire extinguishers whose efficiency is unfortunately too often insufficient.
On a à titre d'exemple déjà proposé à cet effet des dispositifs d'extinction par pulvérisation d'eau équipés de têtes génératrices de gouttelettes alimentées soit en eau sous pression soit par jet d'eau cisaillé par un gaz tel que l'air.By way of example, already proposed for this purpose extinguishing devices by water spraying equipped with droplet generating heads supplied either with pressurized water or with a jet of water sheared by a gas such as air.
De tels dispositifs fonctionnent de la façon suivante : De par la chaleur qu'il dégage, le feu crée un gradient de température qui entraîne une circulation d'air favorisant sa propagation.Such devices work in the following way: By the heat it gives off, fire creates a temperature gradient which causes air circulation favoring its propagation.
Un incendie ne peut en effet pas se propager sans consom- mer de l'oxygène.A fire cannot spread without consuming oxygen.
Or, si l'on injecte de fines gouttelettes d'eau notamment sous la forme d'un brouillard dans l'air circulant au voisinage d'un incendie, celles-ci sont aspirées dans la flamme et se vaporisent, permettant ainsi l'extinction de celle-ci par manque d'oxygène. Cependant, les têtes génératrices de gouttelettes d'eau classiques du type susmentionné n'ont en règle générale qu'un débit de 2 à 20 1/min et ne peuvent protéger efficacement qu'un volume au maximum de l'ordre de 500 m3 avec une limitation en hauteur de l'ordre de 7 m, ce qui est insuffisant, notamment pour la protection de locaux à haut risque ou de grande dimension tel qu'à titre d'exemple des tunnels.However, if fine water droplets are injected, in particular in the form of a mist in the air circulating in the vicinity of a fire, these are sucked into the flame and vaporize, thus allowing extinction. of it due to lack of oxygen. However, conventional water droplet generators of the aforementioned type generally only have a flow rate of 2 to 20 l / min and can only effectively protect a volume of a maximum of the order of 500 m 3 with a height limitation of around 7 m, which is insufficient, in particular for the protection of high-risk or large premises such as, for example, tunnels.
La présente invention a pour objet de proposer un dispositif de protection d'un local contre les incendies ayant une efficacité nettement améliorée.The object of the present invention is to propose a device for protecting a room against fires having a markedly improved efficiency.
Ce dispositif est caractérisé en ce qu'il est constitué par un boîtier de révolution ouvert à ses deux extrémités et destiné à être fixé en partie haute du local à protéger de sorte que son axe médian soit sensiblement vertical. Selon l'invention, ce boîtier comporte une partie inférieure essentiellement cylindrique et une partie supérieure resserrée essentiellement en forme de cloche et renferme d'une part des moyens déprimogènes susceptibles d'accélérer la circulation d'air due au gradient de tempéra- ture et aux échanges thermiques notamment par effet de convection, et d'autre part des moyens de pulvérisation susceptibles d'injecter de fines gouttelettes d'eau dans l'air mis en circulation.This device is characterized in that it consists of a revolution box open at its two ends and intended to be fixed in the upper part of the room to be protected so that its median axis is substantially vertical. According to the invention, this housing comprises a substantially cylindrical lower part and a tightened, essentially bell-shaped upper part, and on the one hand contains pressure-reducing means capable of accelerating the circulation of air due to the temperature gradient and to the heat exchanges in particular by convection effect, and on the other hand spray means capable of injecting fine water droplets into the air circulated.
La caractéristique essentielle du dispositif conforme à l'invention est liée à la présence des moyens déprimogènes qui créent une forte dépression par application du principe de Bernoulli et permettent ainsi de canaliser et d'accélérer la circulation d'air naturelle générée par le feu suite à la présence d'un gradient de température.The essential characteristic of the device according to the invention is linked to the presence of the pressure-reducing means which create a strong depression by application of the Bernoulli principle and thus make it possible to channel and accelerate the circulation of natural air generated by the fire following the presence of a temperature gradient.
Or, si l'on charge l'air ainsi mis en circulation de fines gouttelettes d'eau, la vaporisation de cette eau est elle aussi accélérée permettant ainsi d'obtenir une extinction rapide du feu par manque d'oxygène.However, if the air thus charged is circulated with fine water droplets, the vaporization of this water is also accelerated, thus making it possible to rapidly extinguish the fire due to lack of oxygen.
Il est à noter que le dispositif conforme à l'invention peut dans certains cas particuliers correspondre à un matériel semi-fixe équipant un camion de pompiers, notamment monté en bout d'un bras arti- culé ou d'un bras télescopique et alimenté en eau pressurisée. Un tel dispositif qui peut être introduit au dessus d'un foyer ou à proximité est de nature à faciliter l'approche des pompiers pour combattre l'incendie.It should be noted that the device according to the invention may in certain particular cases correspond to semi-fixed equipment fitted to a fire truck, in particular mounted at the end of an articulated arm or of a telescopic arm and supplied with pressurized water. Such a device which can be inserted above or near a fireplace is likely to facilitate the approach of firefighters to fight the fire.
Selon une caractéristique préférentielle de l'invention, les moyens déprimogènes sont constitués par un disque centré sur l'axe mé- dian du boîtier, monté essentiellement perpendiculairement à cet axe et entraîné en rotation à grande vitesse autour de celui-ci par un moteur de commande.According to a preferred characteristic of the invention, the pressure-reducing means consist of a disc centered on the median axis of the housing, mounted essentially perpendicular to this axis and driven in rotation at high speed around the latter by a motor of ordered.
Selon l'invention, ce disque est équipé sur sa face supérieure d'une série d'ailettes de section variable qui s'étendent dans la par- tie supérieure resserrée du boîtier de façon à créer une dépression importante et à permettre l'aspiration d'air de la partie supérieure du boîtier vers la partie inférieure de celui-ci.According to the invention, this disc is equipped on its upper face with a series of fins of variable section which extend in the narrowed upper part of the housing so as to create a significant vacuum and to allow the suction of air from the top of the case to the bottom of the case.
On a pu obtenir une protection largement satisfaisante de locaux de grandes dimensions en mettant en œuvre des disques rotatifs ayant un diamètre de l'ordre du mètre.It has been possible to obtain largely satisfactory protection of large premises by using rotating discs having a diameter of the order of one meter.
Pour protéger un tunnel on peut avantageusement mettre en place un boîtier de ce type environ tous les 50 mètres. Une telle configuration des moyens déprimogènes présente l'avantage d'avoir un coût de fabrication réduit.To protect a tunnel, it is advantageous to install a box of this type approximately every 50 meters. Such a configuration of the pressure-reducing means has the advantage of having a reduced manufacturing cost.
Le moteur de commande du disque peut bien entendu être quelconque sans pour cela sortir du cadre de l'invention et peut fonction- ner avec une source d'énergie quelconque (électricité, gaz, air, ...).The drive motor for the disc can of course be arbitrary without departing from the scope of the invention and can operate with any source of energy (electricity, gas, air, etc.).
Il est cependant particulièrement avantageux de mettre en œuvre à cet effet une turbine à eau à action ou à réaction telle qu'une turbine à eau de type Pelton ou une turbine à eau de type Francis.It is however particularly advantageous to implement for this purpose an action or reaction water turbine such as a Pelton type water turbine or a Francis type water turbine.
Les moyens de pulvérisation peuvent eux aussi être de type quelconque et à titre d'exemple constitués par des buses de type classique, ce bien que ces dernières présentent l'inconvénient de nécessiter la mise en œuvre de pompes haute pression ou de bouteilles d'air.The spraying means can also be of any type and by way of example constituted by nozzles of conventional type, although the latter have the drawback of requiring the use of high pressure pumps or air bottles. .
Pour cette raison, et selon une caractéristique préférentielle de l'invention, les moyens de pulvérisation sont constitués par une cham- bre centrifugeuse cylindrique montée solidairement au disque rotatif de façon à récupérer au moins une partie de l'eau utilisée dans la turbine.For this reason, and according to a preferred characteristic of the invention, the spraying means consist of a cylindrical centrifuge chamber mounted integrally with the rotary disc so as to recover at least part of the water used in the turbine.
Selon l'invention, cette chambre est équipée, sur sa paroi périphérique, d'orifices calibrés permettant l'injection de fines gouttelettes d'eau dans l'air mis en circulation. Compte tenu de cette configuration, l'eau pénétrant dans la chambre centrifugeuse qui tourne à grande vitesse est pressurisée, précipitée contre les parois latérales de cette chambre sous l'action de la force centrifuge et pulvérisée sous forme de fines gouttelettes au niveau des orifices calibrés. Cette eau peut donc ainsi être injectée dans l'air mis en cir- culation par les moyens déprimogènes dont la vitesse est suffisamment élevée pour permettre l'aspiration des gouttelettes.According to the invention, this chamber is equipped, on its peripheral wall, with calibrated orifices allowing the injection of fine water droplets into the air put into circulation. Given this configuration, the water entering the centrifuge chamber which rotates at high speed is pressurized, precipitated against the side walls of this chamber under the action of centrifugal force and sprayed in the form of fine droplets at the calibrated orifices. . This water can thus be injected into the air circulated by the pressure-reducing means, the speed of which is sufficiently high to allow the suction of the droplets.
Selon l'invention, le boîtier peut en outre être équipé d'un cylindre fixe perforé monté en vis-à-vis des orifices de la chambre centrifugeuse pour faciliter la génération des gouttelettes d'eau. Selon une autre caractéristique de l'invention le dispositif comporte un détecteur d'incendie coopérant avec les moyens de pulvérisation pour commander l'injection de fines gouttelettes d'eau dans l'air mis en circulation.According to the invention, the housing can also be equipped with a fixed perforated cylinder mounted opposite the orifices of the centrifuge chamber to facilitate the generation of water droplets. According to another characteristic of the invention, the device comprises a fire detector cooperating with the spraying means to control the injection of fine water droplets into the air circulated.
Selon une première variante ce détecteur peut être une tête de détection de type « sprinkler » connue en elle-même constituée par une ampoule de verre contenant un gaz fixée en partie inférieure et médiane du boîtier. Sous l'effet de la chaleur engendrée par un incendie une telle ampoule éclate de façon à libérer un mécanisme de nature à commander l'actionnement des moyens de pulvérisation, en particulier à ouvrir la vanne d'alimentation des jets de la turbine à eau. Selon une seconde variante un tel détecteur peut être constitué par une ampoule de verre du type susmentionné positionnée à l'endroit le plus propice à la détection d'incendies et située sur le circuit de pilotage d'une vanne à membrane montée en amont de la canalisation d'alimentation en eau des moyens de pulvérisation. II est par ailleurs possible d'envisager, conformément à l'invention d'injecter de l'eau pulvérisée ou des gouttelettes d'eau dans l'air aspiré directement à la partie supérieure du boîtier de façon à refroidir cet air qui se trouve à une température élevée.According to a first variant, this detector may be a detection head of the “sprinkler” type known in itself constituted by a glass bulb containing a gas fixed in the lower and middle part of the housing. Under the effect of the heat generated by a fire, such a bulb bursts so as to release a mechanism capable of controlling the actuation of the spraying means, in particular to open the valve for supplying the jets to the water turbine. According to a second variant, such a detector can be constituted by a glass bulb of the aforementioned type positioned at the most suitable location for detecting fires and situated on the control circuit of a membrane valve mounted upstream of the water supply pipe for spraying means. It is also possible to envisage, in accordance with the invention, injecting water spray or water droplets into the air sucked directly into the upper part of the housing so as to cool this air which is at high temperature.
Dans ce cas, il est avantageux d'équiper le boiter, à sa par- tie interne, d'une chambre radiale concentrique aux ailettes de façon à récupérer une partie de l'eau qui a été injectée en amont sous l'action de la force centrifuge.In this case, it is advantageous to equip the box, at its internal part, with a radial chamber concentric with the fins so as to recover part of the water which has been injected upstream under the action of the centrifugal force.
Or, lors de son injection dans l'air cette eau s'est chargée en particules provenant de la combustion, permettant ainsi d'obtenir un léger filtrage des fumées.However, when injected into the air, this water becomes charged with particles from combustion, thus allowing a slight filtering of the fumes.
Il est à noter que la mise en œuvre du dispositif qui fait l'objet de l'invention dans un tunnel notamment de grande longueur est particulièrement avantageuse.It should be noted that the implementation of the device which is the subject of the invention in a tunnel particularly of great length is particularly advantageous.
En effet, dans un tunnel, il y a en général une circulation d'air qui peut être naturelle, mais également forcée au moyen d'organes mécaniques tels que des ventilateurs.Indeed, in a tunnel, there is generally an air circulation which can be natural, but also forced by means of mechanical organs such as fans.
Or, lorsqu'il y a un feu dans un tunnel, la pression et la température augmentent localement.However, when there is a fire in a tunnel, the pressure and the temperature increase locally.
Cette surpression locale empêche toute ventilation du tun- nel et les ventilateurs lorsqu'ils sont présents deviennent inefficaces vu que le feu a créé un bouchon d'air chaud.This local overpressure prevents any ventilation of the tunnel and the fans when present become ineffective since the fire has created a plug of hot air.
Le dispositif qui fait l'objet de l'invention permet de remédier à cet inconvénient grâce à la forte dépression créée qui a pour effet de canaliser la circulation d'air en chargeant celui-ci de fines gouttelettes d'eau.The device which is the subject of the invention overcomes this drawback thanks to the strong vacuum created which has the effect of channeling the air circulation by charging it with fine water droplets.
L'air est donc refroidi, et sa densité augmente.The air is therefore cooled, and its density increases.
Le bouchon d'air est par suite affaibli et la ventilation mécanique ou naturelle redevient efficace. On peut ainsi protéger un tunnel, même de grande longueur contre les incendies en répartissant régulièrement une suite de dispositifs conformes à l'invention le long de celui-ci, à sa partie supérieure.The air plug is therefore weakened and mechanical or natural ventilation becomes effective again. It is thus possible to protect a tunnel, even a very long one, against fire by regularly distributing a series of devices in accordance with the invention along its upper part.
Ces dispositifs ne permettent pas obligatoirement d'éteindre un incendie mais ils présentent toujours l'avantage d'empêcher la création de bouchons de chaleur et de permettre l'intervention des pompiers et l'évacuation des personnes.These devices do not necessarily make it possible to extinguish a fire, but they still have the advantage of preventing the creation of heat plugs and of allowing firefighters to intervene and evacuate people.
Il est par ailleurs à noter que les tunnels sont en règle générale surmontés par des collines ou des montagnes. II est par suite avantageux de créer à ce niveau, en partie haute un bassin de rétention de capacité suffisante dont l'eau peut être utilisée pour alimenter les moyens de pulvérisation, en particulier les canalisations d'alimentation des jets des turbines à eau de dispositifs conformes à l'invention pour la protection contre les incendies. Le dénivelé permet en effet de pressuriser l'eau.It should also be noted that tunnels are generally topped by hills or mountains. It is therefore advantageous to create at this level, in the upper part, a retention basin of sufficient capacity, the water of which can be used to supply the spraying means, in particular the supply lines for the jets of the water turbines of the devices. in accordance with the invention for fire protection. The elevation makes it possible to pressurize the water.
On peut ainsi obtenir un système de protection contre les incendies efficace et fiable dont la maintenance est aisée et la mise hors gel simplifiée.An efficient and reliable fire protection system can thus be obtained, the maintenance of which is easy and the frost protection simplified.
Les caractéristiques du dispositif de protection contre les incendies qui fait l'objet de l'invention seront décrites plus en détail en se référant à la figure annexée qui est une vue schématique d'un exemple non limitatif de configuration d'un tel dispositif.The characteristics of the fire protection device which is the subject of the invention will be described in more detail with reference to the appended figure which is a schematic view of a non-limiting example of configuration of such a device.
Dans un but de clarté, sur la figure, les éléments fixes ont été représentés en trait fin et les éléments rotatifs en trait plus épais. Selon la figure, le dispositif de protection comporte un boîtier de révolution 1 ouvert à ses deux extrémités qui est destiné à être fixé en partie haute d'un local à protéger de sorte que son axe médian x-x' soit sensiblement vertical.In the interest of clarity, in the figure, the fixed elements have been shown in thin lines and the rotary elements in thicker lines. According to the figure, the protection device comprises a revolution box 1 open at its two ends which is intended to be fixed in the upper part of a room to be protected so that its median axis x-x 'is substantially vertical.
Le boîtier 1 comporte plus précisément une partie inférieure cylindrique 10 se prolongeant à sa partie supérieure par une partie 1 1 resserrée en forme de cloche.The housing 1 more specifically comprises a cylindrical lower part 10 extending at its upper part by a part 1 1 tightened in the shape of a bell.
Le boîtier 1 renferme par ailleurs à sa partie interne une turbine de type Pelton 2 dont les jets 15 sont alimentée en eau sous pression selon la flèche A par une canalisation axiale 3 et dont la roue à au- gets 4 est solidaire d'un disque 5 centré sur l'axe médian x-x' du boîtier 1 et monté essentiellement perpendiculairement à cet axe. Le disque rotatif 5 est donc entraîné en rotation à grande vitesse par la turbine 2. Selon la figure, le disque rotatif 5 est monté dans la zone de jonction entre la partie inférieure cylindrique 10 et la partie supérieure resserrée en forme de cloche 1 1 du boîtier 1 , et est équipé sur sa face supérieure opposée à la turbine 2 d'une série d'ailettes 6 de section variable qui s'étendent dans la partie supérieure resserrée 11 du boîtier 1.The housing 1 also contains at its internal part a Pelton type turbine 2 whose jets 15 are supplied with pressurized water according to arrow A by an axial pipe 3 and whose auger wheel 4 is integral with a disc 5 centered on the median axis xx 'of the housing 1 and mounted essentially perpendicular to this axis. The rotary disc 5 is therefore driven in rotation at high speed by the turbine 2. According to the figure, the rotary disc 5 is mounted in the junction zone between the cylindrical lower part 10 and the upper tightened in the shape of a bell 1 1 of the housing 1, and is equipped on its upper face opposite to the turbine 2 of a series of fins 6 of variable section which extend in the constricted upper part 11 of the housing 1.
Le boîtier 1 renferme par ailleurs une chambre centrifugeuse cylindrique 7 entraînée en rotation à grande vitesse par la roue à augets 4 avec le disque rotatif 5 et montée de façon à récupérer au moins une partie de l'eau utilisée dans la turbine 2. La chambre centrifugeuse 7 est équipée sur sa paroi périphérique 8 d'une série d'orifices calibrés 9.The housing 1 also contains a cylindrical centrifuge chamber 7 rotated at high speed by the bucket wheel 4 with the rotating disc 5 and mounted so as to recover at least part of the water used in the turbine 2. The chamber centrifuge 7 is equipped on its peripheral wall 8 with a series of calibrated orifices 9.
Le boîtier 1 est en outre équipé d'un cylindre fixe perforé 12 monté en vis-à-vis des orifices calibrés 9 de la chambre centrifugeuse 7 ainsi que de deux grilles 13, 14 montées au niveau des extrémités ouver- tes du boîtier 1 de façon à faire office d'organes de filtration.The housing 1 is further equipped with a fixed perforated cylinder 12 mounted opposite the calibrated orifices 9 of the centrifuge chamber 7 as well as two grids 13, 14 mounted at the open ends of the housing 1 of so as to act as filtration devices.
Le mode de fonctionnement de ce dispositif est le suivant :The operating mode of this device is as follows:
La rotation à grande vitesse des ailettes 6 crée à la partie interne du boîtier 1 une dépression entraînant l'aspiration d'air du haut vers le bas selon les flèches B. Cet air qui circule selon les flèches C à la partie interne du boîtier 1 passe en regard des orifices calibrés 9 de la chambre centrifugeuse 7, avant de remonter selon les flèches D le long de la périphérie externe du boîtier 1.The high-speed rotation of the fins 6 creates a depression in the internal part of the housing 1 causing the suction of air from top to bottom according to the arrows B. This air which circulates according to the arrows C to the internal part of the housing 1 passes opposite the calibrated orifices 9 of the centrifuge chamber 7, before rising according to the arrows D along the external periphery of the housing 1.
Il se crée ainsi une circulation forcée d'air dans et autour du boîtier 1. Parallèlement, sous l'action de la force centrifuge, l'eau provenant de la turbine 2 est précipitée contre les parois latérales 8 de la chambre 7 et pulvérisée au droit des orifices calibrés 9 de cette chambre pour être injectée dans l'air mis en circulation selon les flèches C en regard de ces orifices. Le tube fixe 12 situé au droit des orifices calibre 9 permet de faciliter la génération des gouttelettes. This creates a forced circulation of air in and around the housing 1. At the same time, under the action of centrifugal force, the water coming from the turbine 2 is precipitated against the side walls 8 of the chamber 7 and sprayed with right of the calibrated orifices 9 of this chamber to be injected into the air circulated according to the arrows C opposite these orifices. The fixed tube 12 located to the right of the caliber 9 orifices makes it possible to facilitate the generation of the droplets.

Claims

R E V E N D I C A T I O N S 1°) Dispositif de protection d'un local, notamment d'un tunnel contre les incendies, caractérisé en ce qu' il est constitué par un boîtier de révolution (1) ouvert à ses deux extrémités et destiné à être fixé en partie haute du local à protéger de sorte que son axe médian (xx') soit sensiblement vertical, ce boîtier (1) comportant une partie inférieure (10) essentiellement cylindrique et une partie supérieure (11) resserrée essentiellement en forme de cloche, et renfermant d'une part des moyens déprimogènes (2, 5, 6) susceptibles d'accélérer la circulation d'air dans et autour du boîtier (1), et d'autre part des moyens de pulvérisation (7, 9) susceptibles d'injecter de fines gouttelettes d'eau dans l'air ainsi mis en circulation. 1 °) Device for protecting a room, in particular a fire tunnel, characterized in that it consists of a revolution box (1) open at its two ends and intended to be fixed in the upper part of the room to be protected so that its median axis (xx ') is substantially vertical, this housing (1) comprising a lower part (10) which is essentially cylindrical and an upper part (11) which is tightened essentially in the shape of a bell, and containing on the one hand, the pressure-reducing means (2, 5, 6) capable of accelerating the circulation of air in and around the housing (1), and on the other hand of the spraying means (7, 9) capable of injecting fines water droplets in the air thus circulated.
2°) Dispositif selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que les moyens déprimogènes sont constitués par un disque (5) centré sur l'axe médian (xx') du boîtier (1), monté essentiellement perpendiculairement à cet axe et entraîné en rotation à grande vitesse autour de celui-ci par un moteur de commande (2), ce disque (5) étant équipé sur sa face supérieure d'une série d'ailettes (6) de section variable s 'étendant dans la partie supérieure resserrée (11) du boîtier (1) de façon à créer une dépression et à permettre l'aspiration d'air de la partie supérieure du boîtier (1) vers la partie inférieure de celui-ci.2 °) Device according to claim 1, characterized in that the pressure-reducing means consist of a disc (5) centered on the median axis (xx ') of the housing (1), mounted essentially perpendicular to this axis and driven in rotation at high speed around the latter by a control motor (2), this disc (5) being equipped on its upper face with a series of fins (6) of variable section extending in the constricted upper part ( 11) of the housing (1) so as to create a vacuum and allow air to be drawn from the upper part of the housing (1) to the lower part thereof.
3°) Dispositif selon la revendication 2, caractérisé en ce que le moteur de commande (2) est constitué par une turbine à eau à action ou à réaction telle qu'une turbine à eau de type Pelton ou une turbine à eau de type Francis.3 °) Device according to claim 2, characterized in that the control motor (2) is constituted by an action or reaction water turbine such as a Pelton type water turbine or a Francis type water turbine .
4°) Dispositif selon la revendication 3, caractérisé en ce que les moyens de pulvérisation sont constitués par une chambre centrifu- geuse cylindrique (7) montée solidairement au disque rotatif (5) de façon à récupérer au moins une partie de l'eau utilisée dans la turbine (2), cette chambre (7) étant équipée sur sa paroi périphérique (8) d'orifices calibrés (9) permettant l'injection de fines gouttelettes d'eau dans l'air mis en circulation.4 °) Device according to claim 3, characterized in that the spraying means consist of a cylindrical centrifugal chamber (7) mounted integrally with the rotary disc (5) so as to recover at least part of the water used in the turbine (2), this chamber (7) being fitted on its peripheral wall (8) with calibrated orifices (9) allowing the injection of fine water droplets into the air circulated.
5°) Dispositif selon la revendication 4, caractérisé en ce que le boîtier (1) est équipé d'un cylindre fixe perforé (12) monté en vis-à-vis des orifices (9) de la chambre centrifugeuse (7) pour faciliter la génération des gouttelettes d'eau.5 °) Device according to claim 4, characterized in that the housing (1) is equipped with a fixed perforated cylinder (12) mounted opposite the orifices (9) of the centrifuge chamber (7) to facilitate generation of water droplets.
6°) Dispositif selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 5, caractérisé en ce qu' il comporte un détecteur d'incendie coopérant avec les moyens de pulvérisation (7, 9) pour commander l'injection de fines gouttelettes d'eau dans l'air mis en circulation. 6 °) Device according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that it comprises a fire detector cooperating with the spraying means (7, 9) to control the injection of fine water droplets into the air put into circulation.
EP02803445A 2001-11-22 2002-11-20 Device for protecting premises in particular a tunnel against fire Expired - Lifetime EP1446198B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR0115113 2001-11-22
FR0115113A FR2832316B1 (en) 2001-11-22 2001-11-22 DEVICE FOR PROTECTING A PREMISES, ESPECIALLY A FIRE TUNNEL
PCT/FR2002/003967 WO2003043701A1 (en) 2001-11-22 2002-11-20 Device for protecting premises in particular a tunnel against fire

Publications (2)

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EP1446198A1 true EP1446198A1 (en) 2004-08-18
EP1446198B1 EP1446198B1 (en) 2008-04-16

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EP02803445A Expired - Lifetime EP1446198B1 (en) 2001-11-22 2002-11-20 Device for protecting premises in particular a tunnel against fire

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US (1) US7562716B2 (en)
EP (1) EP1446198B1 (en)
AT (1) ATE392236T1 (en)
AU (1) AU2002365955A1 (en)
CA (1) CA2467070C (en)
DE (1) DE60226168T2 (en)
ES (1) ES2306814T3 (en)
FR (1) FR2832316B1 (en)
WO (1) WO2003043701A1 (en)

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FR3011268B1 (en) * 2013-09-30 2015-10-30 Pierre Lecanu TURBINE FOR GENERATING FINE FLUID DROPS IN PARTICULAR FINE WATER DROPLETS
RU2600081C1 (en) * 2015-05-22 2016-10-20 Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего профессионального образования "Московский государственный строительный университет" (ФГБОУ ВПО "МГСУ") Method for production of sprayed water for fire extinguishing
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CN107398047B (en) * 2017-03-29 2021-01-01 王力丰 Compressed air artificial wind device, operation method and fire fighting equipment
JP6954373B2 (en) * 2017-12-12 2021-10-27 日本電気株式会社 In-tunnel fire control system

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US7562716B2 (en) 2009-07-21
US20050028991A1 (en) 2005-02-10
ES2306814T3 (en) 2008-11-16
DE60226168T2 (en) 2009-06-18
CA2467070A1 (en) 2003-05-30
CA2467070C (en) 2007-03-27
WO2003043701A1 (en) 2003-05-30
AU2002365955A1 (en) 2003-06-10
FR2832316A1 (en) 2003-05-23
FR2832316B1 (en) 2004-06-18
DE60226168D1 (en) 2008-05-29
ATE392236T1 (en) 2008-05-15
EP1446198B1 (en) 2008-04-16

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