EP1436489A1 - Verschlussstopfen und verfahren zum verschliessen von untertägigen hohlräumen - Google Patents
Verschlussstopfen und verfahren zum verschliessen von untertägigen hohlräumenInfo
- Publication number
- EP1436489A1 EP1436489A1 EP02801287A EP02801287A EP1436489A1 EP 1436489 A1 EP1436489 A1 EP 1436489A1 EP 02801287 A EP02801287 A EP 02801287A EP 02801287 A EP02801287 A EP 02801287A EP 1436489 A1 EP1436489 A1 EP 1436489A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- layer
- water
- abutment
- water permeability
- cohesive
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21F—SAFETY DEVICES, TRANSPORT, FILLING-UP, RESCUE, VENTILATION, OR DRAINING IN OR OF MINES OR TUNNELS
- E21F17/00—Methods or devices for use in mines or tunnels, not covered elsewhere
- E21F17/103—Dams, e.g. for ventilation
Definitions
- the invention relates to a plug according to the preamble of the first claim and a method for closing underground cavities according to the second claim.
- Hazardous waste especially highly toxic and radioactive waste, is deposited underground in Berkwerke and finally stored so that it is reliably isolated from the environment in the long term.
- the waste that is contained in drums, drums or other containers is usually brought into a cavern in the mine. If the usable space of the cavern is exhausted, the free space between the containers can be filled with solid material, so that the compressive strength of the mountain floor is restored and a ceiling collapse of the cavern is avoided. The cavern is then sealed watertight.
- a first separating layer which serves as a static abutment, is first produced between the filled cavern and the adjacent gallery.
- the abutment can consist of a wall, for example a brick wall. Alternatively, the abutment can be made from prefabricated elements, such as concrete.
- the first abutment is followed by a filling of the tunnel with a cohesive material. Bentonite is the most suitable cohesive material for this purpose; in principle, however, clay or clay materials can also be used.
- the filling is preferably made from shaped stones. However, compacted fillings of the cohesive material can also be used. The filling is limited by an auxiliary abutment which, like the first abutment, for example as Dry stone wall can be created.
- Cohesive material especially bentonite
- a pressure is built up by increasing the volume. This effect is used to achieve a permanent sealing effect of the sealing plug.
- the abutments prevent the swelling bentonite from expanding in the direction of the cavern or the gallery. In normal technical use, water intake should take place through pit water.
- the sealing plug is pressurized with water. The two abutments must withstand the mechanical pressure that arises when the cohesive material swells. The second abutment must be created in a water-permeable form so that the bentonite can be moistened.
- the closure structure consists of a static abutment made of salt stones, which were installed as dry masonry. Alternatively, dry stone walls made of natural stone, especially basalt, are designated as suitable.
- the static abutment is followed by a brick made of bentonite stones.
- This is followed by a permeable Auxiliary abutment consisting of a dry stone wall next to the bentonite stones made of filter stones and a salt concrete backfill that closes the structure.
- a compacted sand layer is enclosed between the dry stone wall made of the filter stones and the salt concrete filling (Fig. 8).
- Pressurizing pipes, pressure cells and level sensors were installed in this sand layer.
- the dry wall made of filter stones adjoining the compacted sand layer on the cavern side is built up in such a way that the pressure of the bentonite stones is applied in the middle by the water.
- the sand layer can therefore not distribute the pressure evenly.
- the invention has for its object to avoid or at least minimize the described uneven pressure conditions during or after the water absorption of the cohesive material.
- a sealing plug which essentially consists of three sections: the two outer static abutments and a section made of a cohesive material arranged between them.
- the abutments can be designed as a drywall, as is known per se. In salt mines, it makes sense to use shaped salt stones for the first static abutment on the cavern side.
- this abutment can also be created in any modified form, as long as it absorbs the pressure of the cohesive material which swells when moistened. An increased pressure resistance is achieved if the space between the waste containers in the cavern is filled in and the static abutment immediately follows the filling.
- This static abutment need not be water permeable; on the other hand, water permeability does not harm, since the subsequent section with the cohesive material is waterproof after moistening.
- the section with the cohesive material preferably the bentonite, directly adjoins the static abutment.
- This section can be built from bentonite stones; However, it is also possible to compact bentonite fillings as evenly as possible, for example using hydraulic equipment.
- the layer must be arranged at an angle of 60 ° to 90 ° to the direction of water entry. It is preferably oriented essentially perpendicularly, ie at an angle of approximately 90 ° to the water inlet direction. If water is to enter through the tunnel, the layer must be arranged at an angle of 60 ° to 90 °, preferably perpendicular, to the tunnel.
- An arrangement is preferred in which a plurality of layers of the more water-permeable material which are separated from one another by the bentonite and which fill the cross section of the entire shaft are arranged within the bentonite.
- the layers should therefore be embedded in the bentonite. Arrangements of the layer that deviate significantly from the vertical (90 °) are chosen if an uneven water front within the bentonite must be expected from the outset due to geological or hydrological conditions.
- the layer is then arranged at such an angle that the water fronts reach the layer as evenly as possible over the entire tunnel cross-section.
- the thickness of the layers can be chosen to be relatively small; a thickness of 2 to 30 cm usually seems sufficient, especially if the water permeability of the layers is considerably higher than the water permeability of the subsequent material.
- Rolly material that is able to build up suction tension in the layer is particularly suitable for producing this layer.
- the suction tension should preferably be such that it extends over the entire surface of the layer. This ensures that the water is distributed over the entire layer, making the water flow uniform.
- Gravel or mixtures of gravel and sand which contain a fine fraction of 5% by weight to 30% by weight are particularly suitable for building up the layer.
- other cohesive material can also be used as long as the water permeability is correspondingly higher than that of the adjacent cohesive material. If bentonite is used as the binding material, clay or loam can certainly be used as the more permeable material.
- Synthetic materials such as B. mineral fibers can be used to build up the layer.
- a suitable synthetic material is geotextile. This material has the advantage that the thickness of the layer can be kept small, for example between 2 and 10 cm. Layer thicknesses in the range between approximately 10 and 30 cm should be provided if the layer is built up from a cohesive or a rolled material. It goes without saying that combinations of the materials mentioned can also be used as long as the required water permeability is guaranteed.
- the layer is produced in a manner known per se in accordance with the material used. With some materials it can be advantageous to pre-coat the layers prepare and assemble as components underground.
- the purpose of the layers is to distribute the water penetrating into the cohesive material in such a way that the moistening is as uniform as possible over the entire cross section.
- water pathways which can result from the formation of percolation funnels as a result of the so-called “fingering”, can be avoided in this way.
- the vertical layers enable rapid and premature moisture penetration along the contour towards the mountains and especially along the bottom avoided, because each layer of uneven water fronts is evenly distributed again.
- the layers must be arranged in contact with the cohesive material and be embedded in this material. This is not the case with the sand layer described in the above-mentioned manuscript, so that this sand layer cannot act in the manner according to the invention.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- Lining And Supports For Tunnels (AREA)
- Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
- Dowels (AREA)
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE10149972 | 2001-10-10 | ||
| DE10149972A DE10149972C1 (de) | 2001-10-10 | 2001-10-10 | Verschlussstopfen und Verfahren zum Verschließen von untertätigen Hohlräumen |
| PCT/EP2002/009725 WO2003033878A1 (de) | 2001-10-10 | 2002-08-30 | Verschlussstopfen und verfahren zum verschliessen von untertägigen hohlräumen |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP1436489A1 true EP1436489A1 (de) | 2004-07-14 |
| EP1436489B1 EP1436489B1 (de) | 2005-10-26 |
Family
ID=7702036
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP02801287A Expired - Lifetime EP1436489B1 (de) | 2001-10-10 | 2002-08-30 | Verschlussstopfen und verfahren zum verschliessen von untertägigen hohlräumen |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP1436489B1 (de) |
| AT (1) | ATE307962T1 (de) |
| DE (2) | DE10149972C1 (de) |
| ES (1) | ES2252549T3 (de) |
| WO (1) | WO2003033878A1 (de) |
Families Citing this family (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE102013109521A1 (de) | 2013-09-02 | 2015-03-05 | Stephan Schmidt Kg | Verschlussbauwerk und Verfahren und Materialien zu dessen Herstellung |
| DE102018124217B3 (de) | 2018-10-01 | 2019-05-16 | Stephan Schmidt Kg | Verwendung von Formkörpern aus Bentonit zur Herstellung von Schachtverschlüssen |
Family Cites Families (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2810263A (en) * | 1951-08-10 | 1957-10-22 | Ford Bacon & Davies Inc | Cavern storage for natural gas |
| US4335978A (en) * | 1981-04-07 | 1982-06-22 | Mutch Robert D | Induced intragradient system for secure landfill |
| DE4130658A1 (de) * | 1991-09-17 | 1993-06-09 | Gsf - Forschungszentrum Fuer Umwelt Und Gesundheit, Gmbh, 8000 Muenchen, De | Querschnittsabdichtungen im salz |
| DE19944860A1 (de) * | 1999-09-18 | 2001-03-22 | Geophysikalisches Messen Und G | Verfahren zur effektiven Einbringung von kohäsiven Teilsäulen bei der Schachtverfüllung |
-
2001
- 2001-10-10 DE DE10149972A patent/DE10149972C1/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2002
- 2002-08-30 ES ES02801287T patent/ES2252549T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2002-08-30 DE DE50204717T patent/DE50204717D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2002-08-30 WO PCT/EP2002/009725 patent/WO2003033878A1/de not_active Ceased
- 2002-08-30 AT AT02801287T patent/ATE307962T1/de active
- 2002-08-30 EP EP02801287A patent/EP1436489B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| See references of WO03033878A1 * |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| ATE307962T1 (de) | 2005-11-15 |
| DE50204717D1 (de) | 2005-12-01 |
| ES2252549T3 (es) | 2006-05-16 |
| WO2003033878A1 (de) | 2003-04-24 |
| EP1436489B1 (de) | 2005-10-26 |
| DE10149972C1 (de) | 2002-08-22 |
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