EP1426459A1 - Machinenbaustahl, Verfahren zum Warmumformen eines Werkstückes aus diesem Stahl und nach diesem Verfahren hergestelltes Werkstück - Google Patents

Machinenbaustahl, Verfahren zum Warmumformen eines Werkstückes aus diesem Stahl und nach diesem Verfahren hergestelltes Werkstück Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1426459A1
EP1426459A1 EP03292974A EP03292974A EP1426459A1 EP 1426459 A1 EP1426459 A1 EP 1426459A1 EP 03292974 A EP03292974 A EP 03292974A EP 03292974 A EP03292974 A EP 03292974A EP 1426459 A1 EP1426459 A1 EP 1426459A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
traces
steel
piece
temperature
cooling
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Application number
EP03292974A
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Marc Robelet
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
ASCO INDUSTRIES
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Ascometal SA
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Ascometal SA filed Critical Ascometal SA
Publication of EP1426459A1 publication Critical patent/EP1426459A1/de
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/02—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing silicon
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D17/00—Pressure die casting or injection die casting, i.e. casting in which the metal is forced into a mould under high pressure
    • B22D17/007—Semi-solid pressure die casting
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D7/00—Modifying the physical properties of iron or steel by deformation
    • C21D7/13—Modifying the physical properties of iron or steel by deformation by hot working
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/04—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing manganese
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
    • C22C38/42—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with copper
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
    • C22C38/44—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with molybdenum or tungsten
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/60—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing lead, selenium, tellurium, or antimony, or more than 0.04% by weight of sulfur
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D2281/00—Making use of special physico-chemical means

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the steel industry, and more specifically, the manufacturing steel parts which can be used, in particular, in construction mechanical and shaped by the process called "thixoforgeage".
  • Thixoforgging belongs to the category of setting processes forms metals in a semi-solid state.
  • This process consists in carrying out a significant deformation on a heated plot between solidus and liquidus.
  • the steels used for this process are those conventionally used for hot forging which are made, if necessary, beforehand undergoing a metallurgical operation consisting of globalize the classically dendritic primary structure. Indeed, this primary dendritic structure is not suitable for Thixoforging.
  • the micro-segregation existing between dendrites and the inter-dendritic spaces will cause the steel to melt preferably in these inter-dendritic spaces.
  • the liquid phase will, initially, be ejected at the start of the application of the effort. It will therefore be necessary to deform the solid phase and a largely liquid residue separated from the solid phase, which will result in increased effort.
  • the result obtained is bad: significant segregation, internal faults.
  • Thixoforging allows, compared to conventional methods of hot forging, in a single deformation operation, parts of complex geometry which may have thin walls (1 mm or less), and this with very little shaping efforts. Indeed, under the action of external efforts, steels suitable for an operation of thixoforgeage behave like viscous fluids.
  • the heating temperature and the amount of liquid phase formed are important parameters of the thixoforging process. Ease to get the "right" temperature and dispersion interval possible around this temperature to limit variations in the amount of liquid phase depend on the solidification interval. More this the longer the interval, the easier it is to adjust the heating parameters.
  • this measured solidification interval is 110 ° C for a C38 grade and 172 ° C for the 100Cr6 grade. So it's a lot easier to work with this last shade which has, moreover, a low solidus temperature: 1315 ° C.
  • the aim of the invention is to propose new steel grades better suited to thixoforging than those conventionally used, in that they would lower the shaping temperature, therefore provide less thermal stress on deformation tools, and in this that they would improve the behavior of steel during thixoforging. These new shades should not, moreover, degrade the properties mechanical parts obtained.
  • the Mn% / Si% ratio is greater than or equal to 0.4.
  • Steel may also contain traces ⁇ P% ⁇ 0.200%, traces ⁇ Bi ⁇ 0.200%, traces ⁇ Sn ⁇ 0.150%, traces ⁇ As ⁇ 0.200%, traces ⁇ Sb ⁇ 0.150%, with P% + Si% + Sn% + As% + Sb% ⁇ 0.200%.
  • Said thixoforgging preferably takes place in an area of temperatures where the fraction of liquid matter present in the plot is between 10 and 40%.
  • Said cooling is preferably carried out in calm air, or at a speed lower than that which would provide a natural air cooling.
  • the invention essentially consists in significantly increase the silicon content of steel grades usually used to make parts by thixoforgging.
  • a higher Mn% / Si% ratio must be respected or equal to 0.4.
  • the fluidity is high because of a high content of silicon, (for example 1% or more)
  • too low a manganese content gives the metal insufficient mechanical properties during cooling during continuous casting, hence a risk of the appearance of cracks.
  • Such cracks may also appear, for the same reasons, during cooling after thixoforging, especially since large variations in the thickness of the part lead to significant differences in local cooling rates. We thus create constraints likely to favor the appearance of cracks if the mechanical properties of steel are insufficient.
  • this addition of silicon is combines with an addition of other elements which, like silicon, can segregate at grain boundaries: phosphorus, bismuth, tin, arsenic, antimony.
  • the material is two-phase, which results in a very different behavior during deformation: solid particles are included in liquid, and if there are contacts (called bridges) between the solid particles, the very low forces required to break them are only not causes of ruin of the material.
  • the carbon content of the steels according to the invention can vary between 0.35% and 2.5%. On this condition, we can obtain metallic structures, mechanical properties and desirable properties of use for thixoforged steel parts usable in mechanical engineering. Content carbon must be chosen according to the intended use.
  • the silicon content of the steels of the invention can vary between 0.60 and 3%. Like carbon, silicon lowers temperatures by solidus and liquidus and broaden the solidification interval. It also has an effect synergetic on the segregation of other elements. It also allows to improve the fluidity of the metal. For the reasons we have said, it is preferable that the Mn% / Si% ratio is greater than or equal to 0.4.
  • the manganese content can be between 0.10 and 2.5%. She must be adjusted according to the required mechanical properties, in conjunction with carbon and silicon contents. It has relatively little influence on liquidus and solidus temperatures. Obtaining a Mn% / Si% ratio optimal may lead to a significant increase in the content of manganese together with the silicon content compared to the steels of reference, all other things being equal.
  • the chromium content can be between traces and 4.5%.
  • the molybdenum content can be between traces and 4.5%.
  • the nickel content can be between traces and 4.5%.
  • the vanadium content is between traces and 0.5%.
  • this element allows to obtain steels with very high mechanical characteristics which can substitute steels rich in chromium and / or molybdenum and / or nickel, more expensive.
  • the copper content can be between traces and 4.0%. This element increases mechanical characteristics, improves the corrosion resistance and lower solidus temperature. It should be noted that if copper is present in high quantities (0.5% and more), the nickel and / or silicon are present in sufficient quantity to avoid problems with hot rolling or forging. It is considered that if Cu% ⁇ 0.5%, Cu% ⁇ Ni% + 0.6 Si% must be present.
  • the aluminum and calcium contents, deoxidizing elements, are between traces and, respectively, 0.060% for aluminum and 0.050% for calcium.
  • Boron a quenching element, has its content between traces and 0.010%.
  • the sulfur content is between traces and 0.200%.
  • a high content promotes the machinability of the metal, especially if added elements such as tellurium (up to 0.020%), selenium (up to 0.040%) and lead (up to 0.070%). These machinability elements have little influence on the solidus and liquidus temperatures. When sulfur is added in significant quantity, it is good to have an Mn% / S% ratio of at least 4 so that the hot rolling takes place without forming defects.
  • Niobium and titanium when added, allow control the grain size. Their maximum admissible contents are 0.050%.
  • these elements can be present alone or in combination. If they are alone (i.e. the other elements of the list are only present in trace amounts), so that a significant effect is obtained, there must be at least 0.050% phosphorus, or 0.050% bismuth, or 0.050% tin, or 0.050% arsenic or 0.050% antimony.
  • the sum of the elements phosphorus, bismuth, tin, arsenic and antimony should preferably be greater than 0.050% and should not exceed 0.200% to avoid the above problems during hot rolling or forging to obtain the piece intended to undergo thixoforging.
  • arsenic is added during the preparation of the liquid metal, all necessary precautions must be taken so that toxic fumes given off are captured so as not to intoxicate the staff of the steelworks.
  • the presence of arsenic results most often the addition of copper or tin, which arsenic accompanies generally as an impurity.
  • arsenic is an element very strongly segregating, it is necessary to take it into account to ensure that excessive conjugation with the other segregating elements, it does not lead not to the harmful effects of hot processing which have been mentioned.
  • Table 1 shows the compositions of a first pair formed by a reference steel and a steel according to the invention which is derived therefrom.
  • Composition of a reference steel and a steel according to the invention (in% by weight) VS mn Yes Cr MB Or Cu S P Ti al Reference 0962 0341 0237 1.5 0017 0089 0161 0.01 0009 0002 0037 Invention 1111 1005 1.53 1.44 0003 0164 0137 0008 0003 0.0027 0039
  • the manganese content has been significantly increased to restore a Mn% / Si% ratio in accordance with the preferential requirements of the invention.
  • FIG. 1 represents the proportion of liquid phase as a function of the temperature in these two steels.
  • the solidus temperatures measured are 1315 ° C for steel of reference and 1278 ° C. for the steel of the invention.
  • Table 2 shows the compositions of a second pair formed by a reference steel and another steel according to the invention which is derived therefrom.
  • Composition of a reference steel and a steel according to the invention (in% by weight) VS mn Yes Cr MB Or Cu P S al Reference 0377 0825 0.19 0167 0039 0113 0143 0007 0009 0022 Invention 0385 1385 0.65 0193 0029 0087 0110 0008 0051 0025
  • FIG. 2 represents the proportion of liquid phase as a function of the temperature in these two steels.
  • This interval is of the order of 30 ° C, and its magnitude is widened by 8 ° C, which is favorable to less stress on tools during thixoforgging. Again, this effect could be accentuated (in particular by widening this interval) with an addition additional segregating elements other than silicon.
  • the thixoforging operation on the steels of the invention must be preceded by a globalization heat treatment of the primary plot structure if such a globular structure is not already present, or if it cannot be obtained during heating bringing the room having to undergo thixoforging at the appropriate temperature.
  • a globalization heat treatment of the primary plot structure if such a globular structure is not already present, or if it cannot be obtained during heating bringing the room having to undergo thixoforging at the appropriate temperature.
  • the whether or not to carry out such a preliminary heat treatment depends including the history of the plot, in particular deformations and treatments that he suffered.
  • the thixoforgée piece does not present such variations of large section, it may be tolerable to perform air cooling breath. Such cooling can be favorable for obtaining a structure homogeneous metallurgy in the part section and good mechanical characteristics.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Heat Treatment Of Steel (AREA)
  • Forging (AREA)
EP03292974A 2002-12-05 2003-11-28 Machinenbaustahl, Verfahren zum Warmumformen eines Werkstückes aus diesem Stahl und nach diesem Verfahren hergestelltes Werkstück Withdrawn EP1426459A1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR0215378A FR2848225B1 (fr) 2002-12-05 2002-12-05 Acier pour construction mecanique, procede de mise en forme a chaud d'une piece de cet acier et piece ainsi obtenue
FR0215378 2002-12-05

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1426459A1 true EP1426459A1 (de) 2004-06-09

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EP03292974A Withdrawn EP1426459A1 (de) 2002-12-05 2003-11-28 Machinenbaustahl, Verfahren zum Warmumformen eines Werkstückes aus diesem Stahl und nach diesem Verfahren hergestelltes Werkstück

Country Status (8)

Country Link
US (1) US6994758B2 (de)
EP (1) EP1426459A1 (de)
JP (1) JP4194927B2 (de)
CN (1) CN1283828C (de)
CA (1) CA2452621C (de)
FR (1) FR2848225B1 (de)
MX (1) MXPA03011125A (de)
PL (1) PL206006B1 (de)

Families Citing this family (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2848129B1 (fr) * 2002-12-05 2006-01-27 Ascometal Sa Procede de fabrication d'un piston pour moteur a explosion, et piston ainsi obtenu
CN100345995C (zh) * 2006-03-22 2007-10-31 哈尔滨汽轮机厂有限责任公司 用于制造汽轮机高低压联合转子的材料
CN101492787B (zh) * 2009-03-05 2010-09-22 芜湖三联锻造有限公司 中高碳微合金非调质钢及其控锻-控冷的工艺方法
CN105149869B (zh) * 2015-07-30 2017-07-14 西安交通大学 内燃机用高压共轨管的楔横轧式应变诱发半固态模锻工艺
CN110216268B (zh) * 2019-06-21 2021-05-18 北京科技大学 一种高碳高合金钢半固态成形控温冷却热处理工艺
CN113118405A (zh) * 2021-03-10 2021-07-16 首钢集团有限公司 一种含锑耐候螺栓钢的小方坯连铸方法

Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5667605A (en) * 1994-12-13 1997-09-16 Ascometal Method of fabrication of a piece of structural steel, and the steel fabricated thereby
WO1998003686A1 (en) * 1996-07-18 1998-01-29 The University Of Melbourne Semi-solid forming
EP0864662A1 (de) * 1996-09-02 1998-09-16 Honda Giken Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Giessmaterial zum thixogiessen, verfahren zur herstellung von halbfestem giessmaterial zum thixogiessen, verfahren zum thixogiessen, eisenbasisgussstück und verfahren zur wärmebehandlung von eisenbasisgussstücken
DE19938936A1 (de) * 1998-08-18 2000-03-02 Honda Motor Co Ltd Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Teils auf Fe-Basis mit hohem Young'schem Modul und ein Teil auf Fe-Basis mit hohem Young'schem Modul und hoher Zähigkeit
GB2345699A (en) * 1998-07-14 2000-07-19 Honda Motor Co Ltd Fe alloy material for thixocasting and method for heating the same
JP2001123242A (ja) * 1999-10-25 2001-05-08 Honda Motor Co Ltd チクソキャスティング用Ｆｅ系合金材料
WO2001059170A1 (fr) * 2000-02-10 2001-08-16 Aichi Steel Works, Ltd. Acier structural sans plomb pour construction mecanique presentant une excellente usinabilite et une anisotropie de resistance reduite
US6332938B1 (en) * 1998-08-18 2001-12-25 Honda Giken Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Process for producing Fe-based member having high young's modulus and high toughness

Family Cites Families (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2002249823A (ja) * 2001-02-22 2002-09-06 Kawasaki Steel Corp 快削鋼の製造方法

Patent Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5667605A (en) * 1994-12-13 1997-09-16 Ascometal Method of fabrication of a piece of structural steel, and the steel fabricated thereby
WO1998003686A1 (en) * 1996-07-18 1998-01-29 The University Of Melbourne Semi-solid forming
EP0864662A1 (de) * 1996-09-02 1998-09-16 Honda Giken Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Giessmaterial zum thixogiessen, verfahren zur herstellung von halbfestem giessmaterial zum thixogiessen, verfahren zum thixogiessen, eisenbasisgussstück und verfahren zur wärmebehandlung von eisenbasisgussstücken
GB2345699A (en) * 1998-07-14 2000-07-19 Honda Motor Co Ltd Fe alloy material for thixocasting and method for heating the same
DE19938936A1 (de) * 1998-08-18 2000-03-02 Honda Motor Co Ltd Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Teils auf Fe-Basis mit hohem Young'schem Modul und ein Teil auf Fe-Basis mit hohem Young'schem Modul und hoher Zähigkeit
US6332938B1 (en) * 1998-08-18 2001-12-25 Honda Giken Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Process for producing Fe-based member having high young's modulus and high toughness
JP2001123242A (ja) * 1999-10-25 2001-05-08 Honda Motor Co Ltd チクソキャスティング用Ｆｅ系合金材料
WO2001059170A1 (fr) * 2000-02-10 2001-08-16 Aichi Steel Works, Ltd. Acier structural sans plomb pour construction mecanique presentant une excellente usinabilite et une anisotropie de resistance reduite

Non-Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
KAPRANOS P ET AL: "SEMI-SOLID PROCESSING OF ALUMINIUM AND HIGH MELTING POINT ALLOYS", INSTITUTION OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERS. PROCEEDINGS. JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING MANUFACTURE, MECHANICAL ENGINEERING PUBLICATIONS LTD. LONDON, GB, vol. 207, no. B01, 1993, pages 1 - 8, XP008015462, ISSN: 0954-4054 *
KAPRANOS P ET AL: "SEMI-SOLID PROCESSING OF TOOL STEEL", BULLETIN DE L'ACADEMIE NATIONALE DE MEDECINE, XX, XX, vol. 3, no. 7, PART 2, November 1993 (1993-11-01), pages 835 - 840, XP008015460 *
MEUSER H ET AL: "MICROSTRUCTURAL INVESTIGATIONS IN THE SEMI-SOLID STATE OF THE STEEL X210CRW12 UNTERSUCHUNGEN ZUR GEFUEGEENTWICKLUNG DES STAHLES X210CRW12 IM TELLFLUESSIGEN BEREICH", STEEL RESEARCH, DUESSELDORF, DE, vol. 72, no. 7, July 2001 (2001-07-01), pages 271 - 276, XP008015461, ISSN: 0177-4832 *
PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN vol. 2000, no. 22 9 March 2001 (2001-03-09) *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CN1508275A (zh) 2004-06-30
CA2452621C (fr) 2008-08-05
PL206006B1 (pl) 2010-06-30
US20040149361A1 (en) 2004-08-05
JP4194927B2 (ja) 2008-12-10
US6994758B2 (en) 2006-02-07
PL363905A1 (en) 2004-06-14
FR2848225A1 (fr) 2004-06-11
CN1283828C (zh) 2006-11-08
FR2848225B1 (fr) 2006-06-09
MXPA03011125A (es) 2004-12-07
JP2004183103A (ja) 2004-07-02
CA2452621A1 (fr) 2004-06-05

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