EP1422355A1 - Shuttering plate and formwork and methods of making and installing same - Google Patents

Abstract

The shuttering plate (10) is made from a concrete which is highly fluid to compact automatically when it is poured. Recesses (11) are provided for inserting reinforcement irons and in the recess area the concrete residual thickness around the reinforcement insert is preferably about 2mm. Independent claim describes method for manufacturing several shuttering plates by filling out the cavities between the pairs of plates with self-compacting concrete in one work step.

Description

TECHNICAL AREA

The present invention relates to a shuttering plate made of concrete with a net Reinforcement insert and with recesses, in the area from which openings to Pushing through reinforcing iron and / or fasteners simplified are producible. Furthermore, the invention relates to formwork for manufacture such formwork panels, a corresponding manufacturing process under Use of such formwork and a method for fastening such Formwork panels in the manufacture of formwork.

Formwork panels of the type under consideration can be used wherever Concrete components such as floor slabs, ceilings but also walls on the edge or front must be switched off, be it at the actual edge of the concrete components or at Sectional concreting, also between the individual ones Sections. Due to their concrete material, the shuttering panels can be used as so-called lost formwork elements should be left in the concrete component for this reason, they are rather inexpensive parts.

The formwork panels must be fastened to withstand the concrete pressure can. In the case of ceiling edge formwork, there is a fastening on the wall crown required, which includes additional elements such as brackets or the like be used. Of course, there must also be a connection between the Formwork panels and the additional elements are manufactured. Also should in the case of ceiling edge formwork, an external plaster or external insulation is good the formwork panels can be attached.

In the case of connecting concretes, the adjoining Sections the reinforcing bars between the sections and thus pulled can also be carried out through the shuttering panels. The same applies to Lines or pipes that run between the sections. In the Formwork panels must each have suitable openings or be attachable. However, the openings must also be narrow for the parts carried out enclose so that the fresh concrete cannot escape. In addition, there is a shear toothing between the adjacent sections desirable and, especially for floor slabs, the largest possible Tightness against penetrating water.

STATE OF THE ART

From EP 0 519 146 A1 formwork panels of the type mentioned at the beginning for Connection concreting known, but which have a considerable thickness and of are therefore quite heavy and unwieldy. Because of their considerable thickness, Longitudinal sides with respect to the surfaces, forming rectangular at both sides limited grooves slightly offset to achieve that on the finished component visible outer edges of the long sides are less wide and less noticeable appear. Visible outer edges with the width of the known shuttering panels would not be accepted at least in the exposed concrete area. Prerequisite for the The desired effect is, of course, that the grooves created by the settling with Fresh concrete is completely filled, which is at least critical. Where this is not the The case is e.g. the risk of spalling of concrete material.

In the known shuttering panels, the recesses form windows that only through the reinforcement insert is covered. Since it is fabric-shaped, at least concrete milk escapes from the fresh concrete. The well-known Formwork panels are therefore e.g. as ceiling edge formwork as good as not used.

The known shuttering panels are manufactured in at least approximately lying individual forms made of steel, being a concrete material with quick ties is used. During filling, the molds have to be shaken so that the fresh concrete can reach all voids and fill it completely.

PRESENTATION OF THE INVENTION

One of the objects of the invention is the object of the prior art Improve and further develop formwork panels.

This object is achieved with respect to a first aspect of the invention by features specified in claim 1. Thereafter is an inventive Formwork plate characterized in that as a concrete material itself compacting, highly flowable concrete is used. This is also mechanically high resilient concrete is called "SCC concrete" after the English "self contracting" concrete "and has not been on the market for very long. At least for the time being, it is still relatively expensive.

The use of the novel material proposed by the invention is calculated Nevertheless, among other things, the fact that the shuttering plates are much thinner than previously possible, which saves material can. According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the thickness is formwork panels according to the invention only outside the recesses between 10 mm and 20 mm, preferably 15 mm. By comparing them of course, the thickness of the shuttering plates also becomes lighter and more manageable. Your transport weight and volume will be reduced.

Another, cost-reducing factor results from the special ones Flow properties of the new concrete material, which is under its own weight can already compress sufficiently and, for example, does not have to be shaken. This enables an extremely efficient way of producing one at the same time Variety of shuttering plates in a new form, what follows The subject of the explanation is.

According to a further preferred embodiment of the invention, the Formwork panels in the area of the recesses a residual concrete thickness around the Reinforcement insert around so that there is no leakage when concreting Fresh concrete or concrete milk can come. The high is also for this training Flowability of the concrete material used is an advantage.

To seal the joints created in connection concrete on both sides of the Formwork panels to the adjacent concrete against penetrating water can according to yet another preferred embodiment, the inventive Formwork plate with a lengthwise, transverse to it and are laterally provided above them with the sealing plate.

For better anchoring of the sealing plate in the shuttering plate, you can do this At least one perforated plate can be provided, which is flat in the formwork plate embedded and firmly connected to the sealing plate.

The sealing plate, which is designed in particular as a metal sheet, can also be provided with a Be provided coating, which combines waterproof with fresh concrete.

Another aspect of the invention is a formwork according to claim 11 simultaneous production of several formwork panels, which form a formwork trough in which form plates are placed in pairs in opposite directions to each other, wherein the mold plates protrusions to form the recesses in the Have shuttering plates and one between each pair of mold plates Reinforcing insert is arranged.

The shaped plates are preferably formed by deep-drawing plastic plates or Plastic films e.g. made of polypropylene, polyethylene or polyvinyl chloride preferably with a thickness in the range between 0.5 mm and 3 mm. Because thermoforming sharp Corners are not easily realized, oblique angles are in the area of the projections and / or rounded shapes are preferred.

In order to realize the aforementioned residual thickness in the area of the cutouts and / or can be defined on the projections even further beyond this protruding knobs are formed, which the mold plates in the area of Keep the protrusions at a distance.

A method according to the invention for the production of several Formwork panels using a formwork according to the invention Subject of claim 14. Thereafter, the cavities between the Form plate pairs with the self-compacting concrete or fresh concrete if necessary just poured out without shaking. These can be done in one operation Way with a single static formwork several hundred formwork panels manufacture at the same time.

Especially when closed, i.e. if there is at least one certain residual concrete thickness around the reinforcement insert in the area of the recesses around, the shuttering panels according to the invention can be used very universally, e.g. also for ceiling edge formwork. Through the outside visible here permanent recesses there is the further advantage that there is an applied Plaster or the glue for additional insulation in the recesses can anchor. Of course, the shuttering plates can be at least on one side also provided with a rough and / or structured surface and thereby the Adhesion to plaster or glue can also be improved. Non-smooth side surfaces naturally support the connection to the adjacent concrete.

The problem of fastening the shuttering panels according to the invention is very great to be solved rationally by simply attaching them through the recesses suitable counter positions such as brackets, wedges or the like nailed or can also be screwed on. For anchoring the nail or screw heads can be large areas, even adapted to the contours of the recesses Washers are used.

BRIEF EXPLANATION OF THE FIGURES

Fig. 1

eine Abschalungsplatte nach der Erfindung mit einer Vielzahl von Aussparungen in einer Seitenansicht;

Fig. 2

die Abschalungsplatte von Fig. 1 im Schnitt (A-A)

Fig. 3

in einer Ausschnittsvergrösserung den Bereich um eine der Aussparungen herum, wobei zusätzlich die innen liegende und somit an sich nicht sichtbare Armierungseinlage dargestellt ist;

Fig. 4

in perspektivischer Teilansicht eine erfindungsgemässe Schalung zur Herstellung erfindungsgemässer Abschalungsplatten;

Fig. 5

einen Teil der Schalung von Fig. 4 in Aufsicht mit mehreren darin eingesetzten Formplatten;

Fig. 6

eine der Formplatten von der Seite;

Fig. 7

im Schnitt eine Abschalungsplatte gemäss Fig. 2 eingesetzt zur Abschalung eines bereits fertig betonierten Abschnitts einer in mehreren Abschnitten betonierten Deckenplatte;

Fig. 8

im Schnitt eine Abschalungsplatte gemäss Fig. 2 eingesetzt zur randseitigen Abschalung einer Decke;

Fig. 9

im Schnitt eine Abschalungsplatte nach der Erfindung, die mit einer quer zu ihr angeordneten und seitlich jeweils vorstehenden Dichtungsplatte versehen ist im beidseitig fertig einbetonierten Zustand; und

Fig. 10

in einer Darstellung gemäss Fig. 5 eine Schalung zur Herstellung von Abschalungsplatten mit Dichtungsplatte gemäss Fig. 9.

The invention will be explained in more detail below on the basis of exemplary embodiments in connection with the drawing. Show it:

Fig. 1

a shuttering plate according to the invention with a plurality of recesses in a side view;

Fig. 2

1 in section (AA)

Fig. 3

in an enlarged detail the area around one of the recesses, the reinforcement insert lying inside and thus not visible per se being additionally shown;

Fig. 4

a partial perspective view of a formwork according to the invention for the production of shuttering panels according to the invention;

Fig. 5

a part of the formwork of Figure 4 in supervision with a plurality of mold plates used therein.

Fig. 6

one of the mold plates from the side;

Fig. 7

on average, a shuttering plate according to FIG. 2 is used for shuttering a section of a ceiling slab that has already been concreted in concrete;

Fig. 8

on average, a shuttering plate according to FIG. 2 is used for the edge shuttering of a ceiling;

Fig. 9

in section a shuttering plate according to the invention, which is provided with a sealing plate arranged transversely to it and laterally projecting in the ready-cast-in state on both sides; and

Fig. 10

5 a formwork for the production of formwork panels with a sealing panel according to FIG. 9.

WAYS OF CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION

The shuttering plate 10 of FIGS. 1-3 has a height H corresponding to the thickness of the concrete component to be created, a greater length L and a substantially shorter length Thickness D. It essentially consists of a self-compacting, highly flowable Concrete. The shuttering plate 10 is provided with a large number of Recesses 11 and a network-shaped embedded in it Reinforcing insert 12. In the area of the recesses 11, which are oval here, the thickness of the shuttering plate 10 is reduced, but is preferably still there as well there is a certain residual thickness d made of concrete.

The side surfaces 13 of the shuttering plate 10 can be on one or both sides, such as shown, roughened or otherwise structured. The two Narrow sides 14, on the other hand, are preferably designed to be smooth Requirements as they are placed on exposed concrete.

A plurality of shuttering plates 10 can be formed in the formwork 20 of FIGS. 4 and 5 be produced at the same time. The formwork 20 includes an outer Formwork trough 21, which can preferably be opened at least on one side. Inserted or set in this formwork trough 21 with its length L e.g. in vertical alignment are pairs in opposite directions to each other mold plates 22, which Projections 23 for forming the recesses 11 in the shuttering plates 10 exhibit. A reinforcing insert 12 is located between each pair of mold plates 22 arranged. In this form, the formwork 20 can be easily from above with the mentioned Concrete material are poured, this the voids 24 between the Form plates 22 fills. Because of the special properties of the concrete material you can usually do without shaking.

Fig. 6 shows one of the mold plates 22 from the side. The projections 23 can be seen Forming the recesses 11. In addition, the projections 23 are still further protruding knobs 25 formed, in each case in pairs in the formwork oppositely arranged form plates 22 in a little mutual Be kept at a distance so that the concrete material can also be poured into the Range between two opposing projections 23 can. This ensures the aforementioned residual thickness d in the area of the cutouts 11 or allows a targeted adjustment of this residual strength d.

The shaped plates can be formed by deep drawing plastic plates or foils his. Since it is not easy to produce sharp, angular shapes during deep drawing the projections 23 are preferably designed with non-right angles α and overall rounded off. A structure can also be used for deep drawing in the mold plates Achieving the desired surface roughness or the like Side surfaces 13 of the shuttering plates 10 are stamped directly with. Smoothness Narrow sides 14 of the shuttering panels result from a sufficient number smooth formation of the side walls of the formwork trough 21.

If, for example, a positive connection between the concrete of the concrete component to be shuttered and the peeling plates according to the invention Undercut in the area of the recesses 11 may be necessary for example, by using resilient mold plates 22 be made of a rubber material.

The formwork 20 could advantageously also be designed so that several rows of Molded parts 22 arranged in opposite directions to each other side by side in it Have space, with of course additional side walls in the formwork would have to be used. With an internal dimension of the formwork e.g. 100 to 150 cm, a height H of the mold plates of approximately 20 cm and a mutual distance D of 15 mm, 500 shuttering plates 10 be poured.

Fig. 7 shows a shuttering plate 10 according to the invention shown in FIG. 2 used for Formwork of a section 30 to be concreted in several sections 7, the fresh concrete is already in the Section 30 was poured. To support the shuttering plate 10 against the due to the pressure exerted by the fresh concrete, a wooden wedge 31 is used, which on the one hand through the shuttering plate 10 in the area of a recess 11 from the Side of the concreting section 30 and on the other hand with the slab formwork 32 is simply nailed up. Because of the possibly only slight residual strength of the Formwork plate 10 in the area of the recesses 11, it is easy to nail 33 through the concrete material of the shuttering plate 10 in this area hindurchzutreiben. One of the contours is for better anchoring of the nail head Recess 11 adapted fitting 34 in the manner of a large washer used.

7 also shows how a concrete iron 35 through an upper recess 11 the shuttering plate 10 could be passed. In reality, however, it will rather in a plane offset from the plane of the drawing and then parallel for this purpose, a concrete iron must also be passed through the lower recess. With a clamped on the concrete iron 35 clamping element 36 that to his Clarification is also shown separately, the shuttering plate 10 is also in its upper area secured against the concrete pressure.

FIG. 8 shows a shuttering plate 10 according to FIG. 2 used for the edge Formwork of a ceiling before concreting it. Here is the shuttering plate 10 arranged on the outside on the crown of a wall 40 and from the outside with nailed a parking angle 41 arranged on the inside of the formwork. The Abstellwinkel 41 is in turn nailed to the ceiling formwork 42. At 43 is only schematically an outside u.a. on the shuttering plate 10 after Concreting e.g. represented by gluing attached external insulation.

Fig. 9 shows a shuttering plate 10 according to the invention, especially for the Area of construction joints is designed, which prevents the passage of water must be sealed, e.g. in the illustrated base plate 50 the case could be. The shuttering plate 10 is for this purpose with a length L over its length extending, arranged transversely to their height H and on both sides above them protruding sealing plate 51 e.g. from a metal cup like a so-called joint sheet. The sealing plate 51 extends completely essentially the path that the water rising from the soil 52 into the Columns 53 and / or 54 on both sides of the shuttering plate 10 to the top of the Base plate 50 would have to take.

For better anchoring of the sealing plate 51 in the shuttering plate 10 are in Example of Fig. 9 above and below it still preferably perforated plates also made of metal, which is embedded in the formwork panel and with the sealing plate 51 e.g. are welded together.

The sealing plate 51 is preferably also provided with a coating 56, which has the property of becoming impermeable to water with fresh concrete connect, whereby an absolutely tight seal is achieved without further measures can be. A suitable coating material is e.g. that from EP 0 796 951 A1 known KSK mass, which is a mixture of soft bitumen, styrene-butadiene-styrene (SBS) and synthetic resins.

For the production of the shuttering plates with a sealing plate 51 embedded transversely 9 in a formwork according to FIG. 4, in addition to molded parts of the described type still other elements for filling up the formwork resulting cavities are used, such as this in Fig. 10 is shown. With these elements, which are denoted by 60 in FIG. 10, it can e.g. blocks made of a sufficiently pressure-stable plastic foam act. Using such void-filling elements, the Formwork panels can also be modified in another way, for example by forming one on one of its narrow sides and this widening skirting board, taking advantage of which the shuttering panels on a document such as of the wall crown shown in Fig. 8 are glued on could.

The height H of the shuttering panels according to the invention depends on the thickness of the concrete component to be created, for which graded standard dimensions are the rule. Typical values are in the range of 16 cm - 40 cm.

The length L of the shuttering panels according to the invention becomes practical Considerations with regard to their manufacture, handling and transport sized. Length dimensions in the range between 100 cm and 300 cm are preferred.

The thickness D of the shuttering panels according to the invention should because of the amount of the material to be used and their weight per se should be as low as possible and consideration of stability criteria and inexpensive manufacturability as well Already mentioned above, preferably in the range between 10 mm and 20, preferably to about 15 mm.

The residual thickness d of the concrete material in the area of the recesses can be between only 0.5 mm and 5 mm with a preferred value of about 2 mm.

The cutouts are preferred with a mutual grid spacing of 5 cm arranged according to the grid spacing in which concrete iron usually be relocated.

To also use structural steel mats for connection concretes allow, the recesses 11 could also in the manner of notches open to an edge or to one of the narrow sides 14 of the shuttering plates 10 be formed, as shown in the right part of Fig. 1.

The recesses 11 should have at least a clear width of 10 mm. Other than shown in the figures, the shuttering plates could also have more be provided as two rows of recesses, gff. just for her Reduce weight additionally.

A suitable self-compacting concrete is for example under the name "FLOWSTONE" commercially available from Dyckerhoff, D-65203 Wiesbaden.

A preferably intrinsically tensile network or a grid can be used for the reinforcement insert 12 with a mesh size in the order of approx. 5 mm or a coarse-mesh fleece can be used. As material for coming Plastic materials such as polypropylene, but also glass fibers or "ARAMID" in question.

NAME LIST

10

Abschalungsplatte

11

recesses

12

reticular reinforcement insert

13

faces

14

narrow sides

20

formwork

21

formwork trough

22

mold plates

23

Projections on the mold plates

24

cavities

25

burl

30

finished concrete section of a ceiling slab

31

Wooden wedge 31

32

slabs

33

nail

34

spud

35

concrete iron

36

clamping element

40

outside wall

41

cancel angle

42

slabs

43

Exterior insulation

50

baseplate

51

sealing plate

52

moist soil

53

gap

54

gap

55

perforated sheets

56

coating

60

cavity filling elements

H

Height of the shuttering plate

L

Length of the shuttering plate

D

Formwork sheet thickness

d

residual starch

Claims (15)

Formwork plate (10) made of concrete with a mesh-shaped reinforcement insert (12) and with cutouts (11), in the area from which openings for pushing through reinforcement irons (35) and / or fastening means (33) can be produced in a simplified manner, characterized in that a concrete material is used self-compacting, highly flowable concrete is used. Formwork panel according to claim 1, characterized in that it has a residual concrete thickness (d) around the reinforcement insert (12) in the area of the recesses (11), which is preferably 0.5 mm to 5 mm, but in particular approximately 2 mm. Formwork plate according to one of Claims 1 or 2, characterized in that at least some of the recesses (11) are designed to be open towards an edge of the formwork plate (10). Formwork sheet according to one of claims 1-3, characterized in that , apart from the recesses (11), it has a uniform thickness (D) between 10 mm and 20 mm, preferably of 15 mm. Formwork panel according to one of claims 1-4, characterized in that it has at least one narrow side (14) which, in terms of its smoothness, meets the requirements for exposed concrete. Formwork sheet according to one of Claims 1 - 5, characterized in that that it has a rough and / or structured at least on one of its side surfaces (13) Surface. Formwork panel according to one of claims 1-6, characterized in that the reinforcement insert (12) is a mesh-like fabric, preferably with a mesh size in the range of 5 mm, or a coarse-mesh fleece. Formwork plate according to one of claims 1-7, characterized in that it is provided with a sealing plate (51) which extends over length (L), is arranged transversely to it and projects laterally in each case. Formwork plate according to claim 8, characterized in that for better anchoring of the sealing plate (51) in the formwork plate (10) at least one perforated plate (55) is provided, which is embedded in the formwork plate (10) and firmly connected to the sealing plate (51) is. Formwork plate according to one of claims 8 or 9, characterized in that the sealing plate (51) , which is in particular in the form of a sheet metal, is provided with a coating (56) which connects to fresh concrete in a watertight manner. Formwork (20) for the simultaneous production of a plurality of formwork panels according to one of Claims 1-10, characterized in that it comprises a formwork trough (21) in which mold panels (22) are placed in pairs in opposite directions to one another, the mold panels (22) having projections (23 ) to form the recesses (11) in the shuttering plates (10) and wherein a reinforcing insert (12) is arranged between each pair of form plates (22). Formwork (20) according to claim 11, characterized in that the shaped plates (22) are plastic plates or foils formed by deep drawing, preferably with a thickness in the range between 0.5 mm and 3 mm. Formwork (20) according to one of claims 11 or 12, characterized in that protruding knobs (25) are formed on the projections (23) of the mold plates (22), by means of which mold plates (22) arranged in pairs in opposite directions to one another in the formwork (20) ) are kept a short distance apart. Method for the simultaneous production of several shuttering panels (10) according to one of Claims 1-10 using a shuttering (20) according to one of Claims 11-14, characterized by pouring out the cavities (24) between the pairs of mold panels (22) in one operation self compacting concrete. Method for fastening formwork panels (10) according to one of claims 1-10 in the manufacture of a formwork, characterized by nailing, screwing or the like of the formwork panels (10) through their recesses (11).

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