EP3885091A1 - Formwork for producing finished concrete parts - Google Patents

Abstract

Formwork (1) for the production of precast concrete elements with overhangs, in particular knobs or pyramids, comprising two side parts (3.1, 3.2) with a height H and an upper (5) and a lower part (7) with a length L and a width B, thereby characterized in that the upper part (5) and / or the lower part (7) comprise indentations (30) or bulges (20) which are essentially congruent to the shape of the protrusions, in particular knobs or pyramids, and at least the upper part (5 ) and / or the lower part (7) is designed to be displaceable along the height H of the side part.

Description

The invention relates to formwork for the production of precast concrete elements.

A disadvantage of formwork for the production of precast concrete elements as they are currently used was that a separate formwork had to be made for each precast concrete element with different dimensions, both in size and in shape. Another disadvantage in the prior art was that precast concrete elements were always provided with smooth surfaces, so that precast concrete elements stacked on top of one another were only held on top of one another by a frictional connection. This has then led to the fact that precast concrete elements of conventional design stacked on top of one another, which were only connected to one another by friction, easily slipped off one another until the precast concrete elements stacked on top of one another collapsed.

From the DE 806 344 B a mold frame for the production of artificial stones has become known. The one from the DE 806 344 B known mold frame comprises slidable mold walls, the mold walls having projections and depressions. The displaceability of the mold walls according to the DE 806 344 B serves to ensure that freshly formed stones can be removed without damage. As a material for the mold frame according to DE 806 344 B wood is used. the DE 806 344 B does not make any statements about how the projections and depressions are designed in detail. Material thicknesses of the mold frame are also not specified.

the DE 133 846 B shows an adjustable mold frame for the production of cement panels. Projections and depressions are in the DE 133 846 B Not shown.

From the DE 199 60 461 A1 a frame with rigidly interconnected side walls is shown, with which large blocks of concrete can be produced.

Also the U.S. 5,332,191 A shows a frame with mutually displaceable side walls for the production of concrete parts.

Neither from the DE 199 60 461 A1 still from the U.S. 5,332,191 A projections and depressions have become known.

From the DE 100 02 390 A1 a molded stone made of concrete with at least two step-like staggered, parallel to each other support surfaces on the top and bottom has become known.

The object of the invention is to provide a formwork for precast concrete elements, wherein the precast concrete elements can simply be stacked on top of one another and stand firmly on one another. In particular, when stacked, the prefabricated concrete elements should not only engage with one another with a frictional connection, but rather should be set up in a much more stable manner. Furthermore, it should be possible to produce completely different precast concrete elements in terms of height and width.

According to the invention, this object of the invention is achieved by a formwork for the production of precast concrete elements according to claim 1. According to the invention, the precast concrete elements have protrusions, in particular knobs or pyramids.

Furthermore, the formwork according to the invention comprises at least two side elements with a height H and a cover and a lower part with a length L and a width B, the cover and / or the lower part being characterized in that indentations and / or bulges are provided which are essentially congruent to the shape of the protrusions, in particular the knobs or pyramids of the precast concrete element.

In order to produce completely different precast concrete elements, the invention provides that the cover and / or the lower part with the bulges and the indentations is designed to be displaceable along the height of the side part.

The displaceability along the height H of the side part is made available in that the upper or lower part or cover and / or lower part can be suspended in the side part at different heights, for example in openings in the side part are let in. In this way it is possible to provide different heights of the formwork, in particular in the range 100 mm to 5000 mm, preferably in the range 100 mm to 2000 mm, preferably 300 mm to 1200 mm.

This means that the height of the precast concrete part produced in the formwork can in particular be between 100 mm and 2000 mm, preferably between 300 mm and 1200 mm.

In a first embodiment it can be provided that the knobs or pyramids are cross-like knobs. An alternative to this would be round knobs or hexagonal knobs. In particular, the round knobs have the advantage that different precast concrete elements can be very easily stacked on top of one another due to the symmetry of the round knobs and any tilting or twisting of the precast concrete elements stacked on top of one another can be compensated very easily.

It is particularly preferred if the material thickness in the area of the cover and / or the lower part for the cross-like knobs or the round knobs is in the range 1 to 10 mm, preferably 2 to 10 mm, in particular 2 to 4 mm. A material thickness of 1 to 10 mm, in particular 2 to 10 mm, has the advantage that the cover and / or lower part has sufficient stability, which is particularly advantageous when the concrete, in particular the liquid concrete, is poured into the formwork according to the invention. If the material thickness is less than 1 mm, the formwork can warp during the casting process. If the material is too thick, the formwork is too heavy. A material thickness of 2 to 10 mm is therefore an inventive choice which, on the one hand, provides sufficient stability with low weight, and, on the other hand, prevents the formwork from warping, for example during the casting process. In addition, a formwork with such a material thickness is still light, inexpensive and easy to handle.

A high level of stability of precast concrete parts stacked on top of one another is achieved when the knobs or pyramids, in particular the round knobs, trapezoidal knobs, longitudinal knobs, have a diameter in the range 60 to 200 mm. A longitudinal knob extends over the entire length of a stone produced in the formwork and can be equated with a groove. With a round knob, the cover and / or lower part, which is preferably designed as a sheet metal, in particular as a sheet metal surface, can also have a certain stability. In addition, with the round knobs it is possible that the precast concrete parts produced in the formwork can be better stacked on top of one another and centered more precisely.

As an alternative to precast concrete elements that can be stacked on top of one another, the invention also makes it possible to obtain a precast concrete element that can be used, for example, as a bench, slope attachment or garden wall. For this it is particularly advantageous if the formwork has a conventional cover and lower part, as well as an L-shaped insert, preferably with a material thickness of 2 to 10 mm.

• Stahl
• Edelstahl
• Aluminium
• Kunststoff
• Holz

One of the following materials is particularly preferably selected as the material for the cover and lower part or the L-shaped insert and the side part:

• stole
• stainless steel
• aluminum
• plastic
• wood

• Stahl ist kostengünstig, einfach zu handhaben, flexibel und langlebig.
• Insbesondere Edelstahl zeichnet sich durch eine besondere Langlebigkeit aus.

The materials have the following advantages:

• Steel is inexpensive, easy to use, flexible and durable.
• Stainless steel in particular is characterized by a particularly long service life.

Aluminum, on the other hand, is very light and can therefore be used very flexibly.

Just like wood, plastic is a very cost-effective material.

In order to provide the greatest possible variability of the precast concrete elements produced with the aid of the formwork, it is advantageously provided that the height of the side part is in the range 100 mm to 5000 mm, preferably 1000 mm to 5000 mm. It is very particularly preferred if the height of the side part is in the range from 100 mm to 2000 mm. If the height H of the side part is in the specified range, it is possible to obtain formwork and thus precast concrete elements with different heights by hanging the cover or upper and / or lower part in different heights of the side part.

The length L of the formwork, ie the length of the upper and / or lower part, can be between 200 mm and 10,000 mm. In particular, widths of 3000 mm to 6000 mm are also possible. The precast concrete elements produced in such a formwork then have heights of between 100 mm and 2000 mm as well as lengths 200 mm and 10,000 mm. The width B of the precast concrete element is determined by the width B of the side part and the upper and / or lower part. The width B of the side part is in the range 100 mm to 6000 mm, preferably between 200 mm and 4000 mm, in particular between 400 mm and 1000 mm.

In order to fix the displaced cover and / or lower parts in the formwork at a certain height for the production of a certain precast concrete element, it can be provided that the cover and / or lower part securely at a certain height of the side part with a bolt-wedge lock be locked.

In a further developed embodiment of the invention, at least one intermediate part is provided between the upper and lower part, the intermediate part being designed to be displaceable between the upper and lower part. As a result of the displaceability, the distance between the upper and lower part can be adjusted and thus the size of the precast concrete elements to be formed that are introduced into the formwork.

In a first embodiment, the intermediate part of the upper and lower part is at a distance of 300 mm to 800 mm, preferably 400 mm to 700 mm. Furthermore, the intermediate part has both indentations and bulges, so that the precast concrete elements that are removed from the formwork have knobs and indentations to the knobs on the underside of the precast concrete element, so that the precast concrete elements produced in this way can be stacked on top of one another. When stacking, for example, the knobs then engage in the indentations so that the concrete parts are stacked on top of one another in a form-fitting manner and not just frictionally as in the prior art. In a further developed embodiment, more than one intermediate part can be provided between the upper part and the lower part, so that, for example, when using two intermediate parts in one formwork, three precast concrete parts can be produced.

The invention is to be described below by way of example with reference to the figures, without being restricted thereto.

Fig. 1a:

einen Querschnitt einer erfindungsgemäßen Schalung mit Abdeck- und Unterteil

Fig. 1b1 und 1b2:

Seitenansicht der Schalung aus Fig. 1a

Fig. 1c:

Draufsicht mit Abdeckteil einer Schalung gemäß Fig. 1a

Fig. 1d:

Unterteil einer Schalung gemäß Fig. 1a

Fig. 2:

Schalung in dreidimensionaler Ansicht

Fig.3a:

Einzelteile einer Schalung gemäß Fig. 1a - Fig. 2 mit in der Schalung hergestelltem Betonfertigelement

Fig. 3b - 3d:

Betonfertigelement hergestellt in einer Schalung gemäß Fig. 3a

Fig. 4:

L-förmiges Betonfertigteil hergestellt mit Hilfe eines Einsatzes in dreidimensionaler Ansicht

Fig. 5:

Einzelteile einer Schalung zur Herstellung eines L- förmigen Betonfertigelementes gemäß Fig. 4

Fig. 6a - 6b:

Schalung mit einem Zwischenteil

Show it:

Fig. 1a:

a cross section of a formwork according to the invention with cover and lower part

Fig. 1b1 and 1b2:

Side view of the formwork Fig. 1a

Fig. 1c:

Top view with cover part of a formwork according to Fig. 1a

Fig. 1d:

Lower part of a formwork according to Fig. 1a

Fig. 2:

Formwork in three-dimensional view

Fig.3a:

Individual parts of a formwork according to Figures 1a-2 with prefabricated concrete element produced in the formwork

Fig. 3b - 3d:

Precast concrete element produced in a formwork according to Fig. 3a

Fig. 4:

L-shaped precast concrete part produced with the help of an insert in three-dimensional view

Fig. 5:

Individual parts of a formwork for the production of an L-shaped precast concrete element according to Fig. 4

Fig. 6a - 6b:

Formwork with an intermediate part

Fig. 1a shows a cross-section through a formwork 1 according to the invention consisting of two side parts, 3.1, 3.2 and a cover or upper part 5 and a lower part 7. The two side parts 3.1, 3.2 and the upper part 5 and the lower part 7, when put together, result in the formwork into which a flowable mass, for example a concrete mass, can be filled. The concrete mass is introduced into the free space 10 between the individual formwork elements, ie the side part in 3.1, 3.2 as well as the lower part 7 and the upper part 5. If the formwork 1 according to the invention is removed, a concrete part is obtained that has the outer contour predetermined by the formwork. According to the invention it is provided that the cover part 5 and the lower part 7 have bulges 20 on the lower part and indentations 30, which are preferably congruent to the bulges of the lower part 7, on the cover or upper part 5. Due to the indentations 30 or the bulges 20, the prefabricated part produced with the formwork 1 according to the invention comprises corresponding bulges or indentations, so that precast concrete elements produced with the formwork 1 according to the invention can be stacked on top of one another very easily and without slipping. For this purpose, as described above, the concrete mass to be formed is entered into the free space 10 between the two side parts 3.1, 3.2 and the upper 5 and lower part 7. In the present form, the indentations 30 or bulges are designed as square pyramids. The square pyramids are marked with reference number 100 and can be seen very well in the plan view of the cover or upper part 5 and the lower part 7. In the exhibition example shown, the width of the square pyramid is approximately 150 mm, the height 120 mm. The four upwardly extending sides of the pyramid can be clearly seen in the plan view of the upper and lower parts and are denoted by the reference numerals 102.1, 102.2, 102.3 and 102.4. In the middle of the pyramid, a plateau 104 is formed, for example in the side view according to FIG Fig. 1a to see. Due to the dimensions of the formwork with a flexible height H, preferably between 100 mm and 2000 mm, and a length L of preferably 200 mm to 10000 mm, it is possible to use the formwork with prefabricated concrete elements with a height of 100 mm to 2000 mm and a length from 200 mm to 10000 mm easily available. The width B of the precast concrete element is between 100 mm and 6000 mm. The weight of a precast concrete part with the dimensions L = 1800 mm, W = 600 mm, H = 1200 mm is 3109 kg.

While the Figures 1c and 1d the cover or upper part 5 and the lower part 7 show are in the Figures 1b1 and 1b2 Side parts 3.1, 3.2 and the side panels of the formwork are shown. The side parts are marked with reference numbers 3.1, 3.2 and very well in accordance with the three-dimensional view Fig. 2 to recognize. The side parts 3.1, 3.2 in the form of continuous metal sheets have a large number of bores 180.1, 180.2 etc. into which the upper part or cover part 5 can be suspended and thus fixed in position. If the lower part 7 is rigidly connected to the side part, then the upper part 5 is designed to be movable along the height of the side part. The upper part 5 can be hung into the openings, in particular bores 180.1, 180.2, made at different heights of the side part 3.1, 3.2, in order to produce precast concrete elements of different heights with one and the same formwork. The locking of the upper part 5 in the bores 180.1, 180.2 in the side part 3.1, 3.2 takes place with a bolt-wedge locking in a secure manner at the level of the respective openings or bores 180.1, 180.2 In this way, precast concrete parts can be very easily can be produced in different heights without the need to replace formwork parts. In this way, the same side parts can be used for precast concrete parts of different heights. The width of the precast concrete parts is determined by the length of the upper or cover and / or lower parts. Here, too, upper parts or cover parts and / or lower parts of different lengths can be used.

In Fig. 2 the formwork according to the invention is shown from two side parts 3.1, 3.2 and upper 5 and lower part 7 in a three-dimensional view. Clearly visible is the free space 10, in which liquid concrete material is poured for the production of the precast concrete elements.

Fig. 3a shows the individual parts of the formwork, as well as the precast concrete element made of liquid concrete in the formwork. The sides of the precast concrete part that are produced by resting against the side parts 3.1, 3.2 are denoted by 503.1 and 503.2. The surface with knobs of the precast concrete part produced with the help of the upper part 5 is denoted by 505, the knobs by 500. The knobs 500 are created by the bulges / indentations in the upper and lower part 5, 7 of the formwork when liquid concrete is poured into the formwork will. Corresponding to the knobs 500, the underside of the precast concrete part has indentations or impressions, which are not shown here and into which the knobs 500 engage. For this purpose, the lower part 7 has bulges 20. The upper part has a corresponding indentation (not shown) for the bulging of the knobs 505 on the upper side of the precast concrete element. Figure 3b shows a side view of the precast concrete part cast in the formwork, Figure 3c a front view and Fig. 3d a top view. Figures 3b to 3d have the same reference numbers as Fig. 3a . The upper part 5 can be inserted or locked in the openings or bores of the side part at different heights, so that precast concrete elements of different heights H can be easily produced with one and the same side part and lower part of the formwork with a sliding upper part. As Figure 3d shows the elevations of the precast concrete element four-sided pyramids, each pyramid having side surfaces 102.1, 102.2, 102.3, 102.4.

In Fig. 4 In an alternative embodiment of the invention, a product is shown that can be obtained with two side parts 3.1, 3.2 and lower part 7 when using an L-shaped insert in the formwork according to the invention. With the L-shaped insert (see Fig. 5 ) The product produced is preferably a product that can be used as a bench 200 or a slope attachment, for example on garden walls. The width B of the bench is given by the width of the upper or lower part and is 200 to 800 mm, preferably 500 mm. The height H is in the range 500 mm to 1500 mm, preferably approximately 1000 mm, the height HC is in the range 100 mm to 700 mm mm, preferably around 400 mm. The width of the backrest 210 produced by the L-shaped insert is between 50 mm and 400 mm, preferably approximately 100 mm. The angle of incidence α of the backrest surface 210 with respect to the standing surface is more than 90 °, preferably 95 ° to 120 °.

In Figure 5 is a formwork 1 according to the invention for the manufacture of a product according to Figure 4 shown. Same components as in Figure 1a to 3a are given the same reference numbers. To make the precast concrete part as in Fig. 4 The shell 5 was shown differently than in Fig. 3a educated. The upper part 5 contains an L-shaped molded part or L-shaped insert 900 instead of indentations or in addition to the indentations. The lower part 7 is as in FIG Fig. 3a formed with knobs 20. The side parts 3.1, 3.2 are analogous to Fig. 3a . The L-shaped components can be easily replaced by changing or exchanging the upper part with the same side parts and lower parts, such as for the production of precast concrete parts such as in Figure 3b shown to be produced.

Clearly recognizable in the Figures 1a-3d and Fig. 5 are also the indentations or bulges formed as four-sided pyramids of the upper part 5 and lower part 7, which lead to corresponding knobs. The pyramids each have side surfaces 102.1, 102.2, 102.3, 102.4 and a top surface 104 as in FIG Fig. 3d shown on.

Instead of the pyramid-shaped elevations and depressions or bulges and indentations of the upper or lower part, round knobs can also be provided. The advantage of the round knobs is that different precast concrete elements can be placed on top of one another and centered very easily. The side parts and the upper and lower part of the formwork are preferably made of steel, stainless steel, aluminum, plastic, but also wood.

By shifting the upper part 5, a precast concrete element can be produced with one and the same formwork in a very simple manner has different heights preferably in the range 100 mm to 2,000 mm, in particular 300 mm to 1,200 mm.

In the Figures 6a to 6b a formwork according to the invention is shown with an intermediate floor. Figure 6a shows a side view, Figure 6b a top view. Same components as in the Figures 1a to 3d are given the same reference numbers. The upper part is denoted by 5, the lower part by 7. The lower part 7 comprises bulges 20, the upper part 5 indentations (not shown). In a further developed embodiment, an intermediate part, in the present case an intermediate plate 1000, is arranged between the upper part 5 and the lower part 7. The intermediate plate 1000 has both bulges 20 and indentations 30 (not shown). This makes it easier with the in Figure 6a Shown formwork with intermediate plate 1000 possible to produce two precast concrete parts in one formwork with upper part 5 and lower part 7. When using two intermediate parts, three concrete parts can be produced in one formwork, etc. The bulges and indentations can be made as before with the Figures 1a to 3d be designed as described and have the advantages described there. The distance of the intermediate plate 1000 from the upper part 5 and / or lower part 7 to the intermediate plate _{1000 is preferably 300 mm to 800 mm and is denoted by A 1} or A _2. The side parts are with 3.1. or 3.2. The intermediate plate 1000 can be hung in the side parts, for example in holes. The distance between the intermediate plate 1000 and the upper part 5 can be changed differently than the distance from the lower part 7, so that precast concrete parts of different sizes can be produced. Figure 6b shows a top view of a formwork with an intermediate plate analogous to a formwork without an intermediate plate as in FIG Figure 1c shown. Same components as in Figure 1c are marked with the same reference numbers.

In the invention, a formwork is specified for the first time, which makes it possible to manufacture precast concrete parts with different sizes, in particular heights, in a very simple manner, since the insert or the upper part of the formwork is designed to be variable. In addition, precast concrete parts are made with Elevations and indentations or elevations and depressions are made available which can be placed on top of one another very easily and have a secure footing due to a form fit of the elevations and the indentations instead of just a frictional connection.

Claims (14)

Formwork (1) for the production of precast concrete elements with overhangs, in particular comprising knobs or pyramids - two side parts (3.1, 3.2) with a height H. - An upper part (5) and a lower part (7) with a length L and a width B. characterized in that
the upper part (5) and / or the lower part (7) comprise indentations (30) and / or bulges (20) which are essentially congruent to the shape of the protrusions, in particular knobs or pyramids, and at least the upper part (5) and / or the lower part (7) is designed to be displaceable along the height H of the side part (3.1, 3.2) or to be fastened at different heights of the side part. Formwork according to claim 1,
characterized in that
at least one intermediate part, in particular an intermediate plate (1000) with indentations (30) and bulges (20), is arranged between the upper part (5) and the lower part (7). Formwork according to claim 1 or 2,
characterized in that
the intermediate part, in particular the intermediate plate (1000), is designed to be displaceable along the height H of the side part. Formwork according to at least one of claims 1 to 3,
characterized in that
the intermediate plate (1000) a first distance (A1) to the lower part
and / or a second distance (A2) to the upper part or a third distance to a further intermediate plate. Formwork according to at least one of claims 1 to 4,
characterized in that
the first (A1) and / or the second (A2) and / or the third distance is in the range 200 mm to 2000 mm, preferably 300 to 800 mm. Formwork according to at least one of claims 1 to 5,
characterized in that
the knobs or pyramids comprise cruciform knobs or round knobs or hexagonal knobs. Formwork according to at least one of claims 1 to 6,
characterized in that
the cross-like knobs or the round knobs have a material thickness of 2 to 10 mm, preferably 2 to 4 mm. Formwork according to at least one of claims 1 to 7,
characterized in that
the round knobs have a diameter of 20 to 300 mm, preferably 60 to 200 mm. Formwork according to at least one of claims 1 to 8,
characterized in that
the formwork comprises a lower part (7) and the upper part (5) is designed as an L-shaped insert. Formwork according to claim 9,
characterized in that
the L-shaped insert is a steel sheet, preferably with a material thickness of 2 to 20, preferably 4 to 10 mm. Formwork according to at least one of claims 1 to 10,
characterized in that
the side parts (3.1, 3.2), the upper and lower part (5,7), the L-shaped
The insert (300) consists of one of the following materials: - Stole - stainless steel - aluminum - Plastic - Wood Formwork according to at least one of claims 1 to 11,
characterized in that
the height H of the side parts (3.1, 3.2) is in the range 100 to 5000 mm, preferably 1000 to 5000 mm, and / or the width B of the side parts (3.1, 3.2) in the range 100 mm to 6000 mm, in particular 200 mm to 2000 mm. Formwork according to at least one of claims 1 to 12,
characterized in that
the length L of the upper and / or lower part is in the range from 200 mm to 10,000 mm. Formwork according to at least one of claims 1 to 13,
characterized in that
the upper (5) and / or lower parts (7), which can be displaced along the height H of the side part (3.1, 3.2), is securely locked at a certain height H of the side part with a bolt and wedge lock.

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