EP1422346A1 - Device for spreading liquid binder and aggregate from the back of a road working apparatus - Google Patents

Device for spreading liquid binder and aggregate from the back of a road working apparatus Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1422346A1
EP1422346A1 EP03292876A EP03292876A EP1422346A1 EP 1422346 A1 EP1422346 A1 EP 1422346A1 EP 03292876 A EP03292876 A EP 03292876A EP 03292876 A EP03292876 A EP 03292876A EP 1422346 A1 EP1422346 A1 EP 1422346A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
nozzles
gravel
spreading
width
ramp
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP03292876A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP1422346B1 (en
Inventor
Guy Marconnet
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Famaro SA
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Famaro SA
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Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from FR0214760A external-priority patent/FR2847597A1/en
Application filed by Famaro SA filed Critical Famaro SA
Publication of EP1422346A1 publication Critical patent/EP1422346A1/en
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Publication of EP1422346B1 publication Critical patent/EP1422346B1/en
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01C—CONSTRUCTION OF, OR SURFACES FOR, ROADS, SPORTS GROUNDS, OR THE LIKE; MACHINES OR AUXILIARY TOOLS FOR CONSTRUCTION OR REPAIR
    • E01C19/00—Machines, tools or auxiliary devices for preparing or distributing paving materials, for working the placed materials, or for forming, consolidating, or finishing the paving
    • E01C19/12—Machines, tools or auxiliary devices for preparing or distributing paving materials, for working the placed materials, or for forming, consolidating, or finishing the paving for distributing granular or liquid materials
    • E01C19/21—Machines, tools or auxiliary devices for preparing or distributing paving materials, for working the placed materials, or for forming, consolidating, or finishing the paving for distributing granular or liquid materials for simultaneously but separately applying liquid material and granular or pulverulent material, e.g. bitumen and grit, with or without spreading ; for filling grooves and gritting the filling
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01C—CONSTRUCTION OF, OR SURFACES FOR, ROADS, SPORTS GROUNDS, OR THE LIKE; MACHINES OR AUXILIARY TOOLS FOR CONSTRUCTION OR REPAIR
    • E01C19/00—Machines, tools or auxiliary devices for preparing or distributing paving materials, for working the placed materials, or for forming, consolidating, or finishing the paving
    • E01C19/12—Machines, tools or auxiliary devices for preparing or distributing paving materials, for working the placed materials, or for forming, consolidating, or finishing the paving for distributing granular or liquid materials
    • E01C19/16—Machines, tools or auxiliary devices for preparing or distributing paving materials, for working the placed materials, or for forming, consolidating, or finishing the paving for distributing granular or liquid materials for applying or spreading liquid materials, e.g. bitumen slurries
    • E01C19/17—Application by spraying or throwing
    • E01C19/176—Spraying or throwing elements, e.g. nozzles; Arrangement thereof or supporting structures therefor, e.g. spray-bars

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a device for spreading liquid binder and gravel at the back of a road construction machine.
  • a spreading train consisting of a bitumen spreader and of a gravel maker.
  • the spreader should spread the binder, which is either a emulsion or hot bitumen, on the pavement with very high precision and perfect regularity in the transverse direction of the surface road and spreading train.
  • a multiple-jet ramp that is to say a ramp comprising nozzles distributed in the longitudinal direction of the arranged boom in the transverse directions of the road surface, with one step of constant spacing, for example a pitch of about 100 mm.
  • the ramp is supplied with liquid binder and the nozzles are produced so as to produce a conical jet having an elongated section in the transverse direction and similar to a triangular flat jet which meets the road surface, along an impact surface whose length, in the transverse direction, depends on the angle at the top of the flat spray and the height of the ramp above of the road surface.
  • a ramp height, above of the road surface depending on the angle at the top of the flat jets and the no nozzles on the boom, such as the impact surface of each of the jets has a length of about three steps in the transverse direction.
  • three jets are superimposed, which gives three road surface coverings.
  • the gravel is generally deposited on the liquid binder covering the road surface, by a gravel spreader comprising a plurality of successive hatches of constant width, distributed along the direction transverse of the road surface and ordered for their opening or closing, so as to adjust the spreading width of gravel on the road surface covered with liquid binder.
  • a gravel spreader comprising a plurality of successive hatches of constant width, distributed along the direction transverse of the road surface and ordered for their opening or closing, so as to adjust the spreading width of gravel on the road surface covered with liquid binder.
  • the gravel spreader multi-trap is fixed on the bottom of the tipper of a dump truck in which we load the gravel. A good transverse distribution is thus obtained.
  • Such work may relate to isolated more or less circular zones or bands of a smaller width to the width of the road surface.
  • a method manual consisting of applying the bitumen with a hand lance and spread the gravel using a gravel container. This rudimentary technique is used less and less, and we prefer to use materials allowing point work to be performed on time, automatically.
  • the materials used are machines which bring together on the same road vehicle a small spreader and a small gravel bucket associated to a gravel maker.
  • a more annoying drawback of this technique is that it leads to poor quality surface coatings because it no longer meets the principle implemented in the spreading trains which consists in depositing bitumen on the road surface with three overlaps.
  • To make repair work on small areas place the ramp bitumen spreading at a height above the road surface which is less than the height usually used on spreading trains.
  • each of the jets forms an impact surface whose dimension in the transverse direction is only two steps and the overlap jets produces only two overlaps, by superposition of two jets on each step of the impact surface.
  • the object of the invention is therefore to propose a device for spreading liquid binder and gravel at the rear of a road vehicle comprising at least a binder spreading ramp fixed to a rear part of the road vehicle, in a transverse direction, and having a first set of nozzles spreading agent spread along the length of the boom in the direction transverse with a constant spacing pitch, directed towards a surface road on which the road vehicle moves and adjustable means supply of the ramp by tying, so as to supply all or part of the nozzles of the first set to form at the outlet of each of the nozzles a flat jet having an angle at the top such that depending on the height of the ramp above the road surface, each jet has an impact surface on the road surface about three steps wide in the direction transverse and that the jets of the first set of nozzles overlap so that, for each of the successive steps of the impact surfaces of the jets, in the transverse direction, three jets overlap, and one gravel spreader attached to the rear of the road vehicle, in a transverse arrangement in opposite the binder spreading ramp, for spreading
  • Figure 1 is a schematic perspective view of a device according to the invention constituted by a dump truck equipped with a gravel spreader and a bitumen ramp.
  • Figure 2 is a rear view of the device showing the arrangement gravel trap doors and the bitumen ramp.
  • Figures 3 and 4 are schematic views relating to a device automatic point-in-time work according to the prior art.
  • Figure 3 shows the distribution of the trap doors and nozzles spreading binder in the transverse direction.
  • FIG. 4 shows, opposite FIG. 3, the formation of the jets of bitumen and coating in the case of a repair of the road surface produced by the device according to the prior art.
  • FIG. 5 is a histogram showing the distribution of the following binder the width of a strip which is repaired with a automatic time point according to the prior art.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic view similar to the view of FIG. 3, in the case of a spreading device according to the invention.
  • Figure 6A is a bottom view of a nozzle of the second set of nozzles of the device of FIG. 6 or of FIG. 7.
  • FIG. 8 is a histogram showing the distribution of the following binder the width of a strip which is repaired with the following device the invention.
  • FIG. 1 there is shown a device according to the invention designated generally by the reference 1 which is constituted by a dump truck and whose platform carries a tilting skip 2 and a tank bituminous binder 3.
  • a gravel spreader 5 allowing the spreading of gravel contained in the bucket 2 on a road surface on which the dump truck 1 travels.
  • a ramp 6 for spreading liquid bituminous binder which is supplied, from the liquid binder reservoir 3, by means of pumping means 4 and distribution of liquid binder to the ramp 6.
  • the gravel spreader 5 comprises in particular a plurality of hatches 8 of constant width in the direction of the dump truck and arranged one after the other in the transverse direction, along the entire width of the bucket.
  • the hatches 8 are individually controlled, for their opening or their closing by jacks 9, so that the width can be adjusted spreading of the gravel spreader 5 by opening all or part of the hatches 8, according to the transverse direction.
  • the bituminous liquid binder 6 spreading boom has nozzles 7 distributed in the transverse direction, with a spacing interval or not constant.
  • the nozzles 7 are supplied with liquid bituminous binder, by the pumping and distribution means 4 associated with the reservoir 3, so that all or part of the nozzles 7 can be supplied with a bituminous binder flow rate liquid set.
  • the ramp 6 is placed in the transverse direction, opposite from the row of traps 8 of the gravel spreader, the length of the ramp 6 carrying the nozzles 7 in the transverse direction can be substantially equal to or greater than the length of the row of hatches 8.
  • each hatch When the gravel falls directly from the hatches 8 onto the road surface 10, the spreading width of each hatch is substantially equal to the width of the hatch in the transverse direction.
  • the spreading width of each of the doors 8 is greater than the width of hatches. In all cases, consider the spreading width on the ground of each hatch 8, i.e. the width in the direction transverse, the flow of gravel released by the hatch 8 and deposited on the ground.
  • the nozzles 7 whose spacing is constant in the transverse direction, that is to say in the longitudinal direction of the ramp 6 are distributed in the transverse direction, depending on the spreading width of the hatches, i.e. the spreading width of each individual hatch and the total spreading width.
  • Ramp 6 is a ramp according to the prior art as used for example for point work in time on a device automatic which can be analogous to the device shown in the figure 1.
  • the ramp 6 has nozzles 7 spaced apart from each other by a pitch of constant spacing P in the transverse direction.
  • the flows 8 ′ have a width L substantially equal to the width of the hatches 8 in the transverse direction.
  • Figures 3 and 4 relate to the use of a following device the prior art for carrying out a repair of a strip of the road surface of a width substantially equal to three times the spreading width of a hatch 8, that is to say a width substantially equal to six times the pitch P spacing of the nozzles 7 of the boom 6.
  • the width of the strip treated for repair is around 600 mm.
  • the jets 12 formed by the nozzles 7 of the ramp 6 which have a shape triangular plate and an angle at the top ⁇ have an impact surface on the road surface 10 whose width in the transverse direction is substantially equal to two steps from ramp 6.
  • the successive steps 13 in the transverse direction of the surface impact of the jets 12 on the road surface 10 each correspond to the half-width of the impact surface of a jet 12.
  • the extreme steps 13a and 13b have only an overlap and the jets overflow outside the zone 14 in which the dumping of gravel.
  • FIG. 5 a histogram is shown giving, on the ordinate, the dosage or density of bitumen on the impact surface of the jets by compared to the maximum covering density of the process and, on the abscissa, the spreading zones of the three gravel hatches 8 located above the treatment area 14.
  • the density of bitumen overlap is 100% and corresponds to two overlaps by bitumen jets 12.
  • the spreading density is 100% and corresponds with two overlaps by jets 12, on two-thirds of the area in starting from the central area.
  • the impact area does not include that a covering, which represents 50% of the density of binder in the central area, as shown in Figure 5.
  • first jet 12 at the left limit of zone 14 and the last jet at the right limit of zone 14 extend by half a step 13a or 13b, respectively, outside of zone 14 in which the spreading is carried out gravel.
  • the marginal areas of width half a step from the impact zone and the two overflowing zones 13a and 13b are covered with bitumen with a density of 50% of the density maximum in the central area.
  • the central part 14a has been represented. of zone 14 in which the road surface 10 receives two overlaps liquid bituminous binder, the marginal zones 14c and 14d of width of a half step of the overlap area in which the road surface 10 receives only one bitumen covering by one jet 12 and both zones 14'a and 14'b, half a step wide, outside the treated zone 14, left and right, which correspond to half-steps 13a and 13b of the impact zone outside the gravel zone receiving an overlap bitumen with a single spray 12.
  • the central part 14a of the treated area is of a quality average and inferior to the quality of a wide width coating, due to it only has two bitumen coverings.
  • the lateral parts 14c and 14d which only have an overlap bitumen cannot ensure sufficient adhesion of gravel which are easily torn off and the overflow zones 14'a and 14'b, at outside the gravel area, there are bitumen drips which are detrimental to the quality of the pavement and are not used to ensure adhesion of gravel.
  • the ramp 6 of the device according to the invention comprises a first set of nozzles 7a arranged with a constant spacing step P which can be for example 100 mm and therefore equal to the spacing pitch of the nozzles of the ramp 6 according to the prior art described above and a second set of nozzles 7b arranged each, in the transverse direction, between two nozzles 7a of the first set of nozzles.
  • FIG. 6 bottom part
  • the ramp 6 has been shown with a view to below, the figure representing the surface of the ramp directed towards the surface road 10.
  • the nozzles of the first set 7a are aligned along a first longitudinal axis of the ramp 6 and the nozzles 7b of the second set, along a second longitudinal axis.
  • This assembly facilitates connection nozzles by means of supplying liquid bituminous binder from the tank 3 by means of pumping and distribution means 4.
  • the width of the hatches with gravel 8 has been increased, so that the width L ′ of the spreading zones of gravel 8 'in the transverse direction is equal to once and half the width L of the gravel spreading zones 8 'in the case of the device according to the prior art.
  • the boom facing each of the zones spreading a hatch such as T1 and T2, the boom has three nozzles 7a of the first set and two nozzles 7b of the second set interposed each between two nozzles 7a of the first set.
  • the black circles represent the nozzles which are supplied with liquid bituminous binder and by a white circle, nozzles which are not supplied with liquid bituminous binder for use of the device according to the invention for carrying out a repair in a zone 14 in the form of a strip.
  • the four central nozzles 7a of the first set of nozzles are supplied, as well as the two nozzles 7b of the second set located immediately before the first powered nozzle 7a of the first set and immediately after the last powered nozzle 7a of the first set, in the transverse direction, i.e. in the longitudinal direction of the ramp and in the direction from left to right in Figure 6.
  • the ramp is placed at a height H which is the usual ramp height in the case the production of wide road surfaces for maintenance roads. This height is generally 50% higher than the height of ramp h used in the case of point-to-time work with machines automatic.
  • the two nozzles 7b of the second assembly located towards the outside and of on either side of the set of four nozzles supplied 7a of the first all are supplied with bitumen at a flow rate substantially equal to the flow rate supply nozzles 7a and are made so that the jets 15 formed by these triangular flat shaped nozzles and having an apex angle ⁇ intersect the road surface 10 along an impact zone with a width two steps in the transverse directions, taking into account the height H of the ramp 6.
  • the jets 15 intersect two jets 12 along a central step 13 of zone 14 and a single jet 12, following a first step 15c and following a final step 15d of the impact zone, in the transverse direction going from left to right.
  • the jets 15 are called edge jets because they allow recovery from the shores of zone 14, to the exact limit of zone 14 in the transverse direction, i.e. to the limits of the spreading area gravel.
  • the nozzles 7b have an opening 19 asymmetrical on either side of a plane 17 perpendicular to the axis 18 of the ramp 6 passing through the vertical axis 16 of the nozzle, the section of the opening of the nozzle 7b on either side of the plane 17 being such that the flow of the nozzle on one side of the plane 17 is equal to twice the flow passing on the other side of the plane 17.
  • the jet 15 of the nozzles 7b is therefore formed of two half-jets 15a and 15b covering the road surface each over the width of one step and having flow rates of two-thirds and one-third of the total flow, respectively q nozzle supply 15. If the nozzle is supplied at a flow q, the two half-jets have respective flow rates of 2q / 3 and q / 3.
  • the nozzles are mounted on the ramp 6 so that the part of the nozzle forming the maximum flow half-jet is located towards the outside of the ramp, i.e. directed towards one end and the part forming the half-jet at minimum flow rate towards the central part of the boom 6.
  • the edge portions of the impact area of the bitumen jets extending following the end steps 15c and 15d have two overlaps of bituminous binder, one of the recoveries being formed by a 2q / 3 flow and the other by a flow q / 3 (one third of the flow from a nozzle 7a).
  • Recovery end steps 15c and 15d is therefore analogous to covering all the central steps 13 which are formed by three overlaps at flow q / 3.
  • the covering layer is therefore perfectly constant, which ensures a very good quality of the coating consisting of gravel and bituminous binder.
  • the whole of the zone 14 in which the repair is carried out is of perfect quality, since the bitumen layer is of constant thickness over the entire surface road.
  • the lateral zones 14c and 14d corresponding to the steps 15c and 15d of the impact zone on the edges of the strip in which the repair have only two bitumen coverings but one bitumen density similar to the central area, which provides perfect bonding for gravel on the banks of the repair strip.
  • no bitumen flow is produced outside of zone 14, the width corresponds to the spreading area of the gravel.
  • the device according to the invention therefore makes it possible to carry out a repair over a width of the road surface equal to an integer multiple of the width spreading of a gravel trap which is itself substantially equal at three times the spacing step of the nozzles of the first set of nozzles, with a constant surface density of bitumen in a central area of the repair strip in two shoreline zones whose limits correspond precisely at the limits of the gravel spreading zone.
  • the invention has been described in the case where a repair is carried out on a strip with a width equal to two widths of spreading gravel or still six steps apart from the nozzles of the first set of the boom. It is possible to carry out repairs on tapes which have general, a width equal to an integer multiple equal to two or more the spreading width of a gravel trap.
  • a strip with a width equal to three times the spreading width of a hatch 8 of the gravel spreader seven successive nozzles 7a of the first are supplied set of nozzles and two edge nozzles 7b of the second set of on either side of the seven nozzles of the first set supplied with bituminous binder.
  • the two areas T1 and T2 of the repair area have a bitumen dosage of 100% which corresponds to three recoveries with bitumen jets 12 or two overlaps by jets 12 and one overlap by an interior half-jet 15b of a nozzle 7b or a cover by a jet 12 and a cover by an external half-jet 15a of a nozzle 7b.
  • the device according to the invention therefore makes it possible to produce strips of perfect quality repair, with a width adjustment corresponding to a multiple of the spreading width of a corresponding gravel trap door three steps apart from the nozzles of the first set of nozzles, this unit width can be of the order of 300 mm.
  • the device is in particular well suited to the classic case of repair on strips of width 600 mm. In this case, in addition to the quality advantages of the repair strip, economic advantages are obtained substantial by avoiding wasting the bituminous binder and the gravel. For works 600 mm wide, we were able to show that we were saving up to 16% binder and 16% gravel.
  • the device according to the invention can include a gravel any type as long as this gravel spreader includes an adjustment device the gravel width from hatches which are controlled opening and closing.
  • the gravel spreader can operate on the basis of any dosing principle and guiding the gravel and in particular the device according to the invention can include a gravity gravity gravel spreader, with diffusing rollers, with metering rollers with or without flap and counter flap system.
  • the spreading width of the spilled gravel by each of the hatches can be substantially equal or greater the width of a hatch.
  • the nozzles of the second set interposed between the nozzles of the first set which are supplied to supply the shore jets are arranged equidistant from the jets of the first set.
  • the edge jets 15 are, in this case, symmetrical jets consisting of two angle half-jets at the top ⁇ / 2. It is possible also to arrange the nozzles of the second set between the nozzles of the first set in the transverse direction at different distances of the two nozzles of the first set between which they are interposed. In this case, we form asymmetrical shore jets made up of two half jets of different angles at the top intended to cover two steps of the impact zone in the transverse direction.
  • the nozzles of the first set 7a and the nozzles of the second set 7b are fixed on the same body of the ramp 6.
  • the ramp may also include two body parallel ramps and placed opposite in the transverse direction. In this case, it is possible to install the first set of nozzles 7a on a first boom body and the second set of nozzles 7b on the second ramp body parallel to the first.
  • the nozzles and in particular the nozzles of the second together are controlled and supplied independently of each other other.
  • the invention mainly applies to repair work on the point-in-time type; however, these repairs can be done on strips of any width.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Road Paving Machines (AREA)
  • Road Repair (AREA)
  • Soil Working Implements (AREA)

Abstract

The disperser for liquid binder gravel mix from the rear of a road repair vehicle has an expansion bank (6) with additional nozzles (7b) between each pair of main nozzles (7a) to produce sub-jets when supplied with binder by an adjustable feed (4). One sub-jet is at one end of the bank and the other towards the center of the bank. The adjustable feed supplies binder at the same rate to the first and second nozzle assemblies.

Description

L'invention concerne un dispositif d'épandage de liant liquide et de gravillons à l'arrière d'un engin de travaux routiers.The invention relates to a device for spreading liquid binder and gravel at the back of a road construction machine.

Les travaux d'entretien superficiel des surfaces routières par réalisation sur la surface routière d'un revêtement constitué de gravillons et d'un liant liquide tel qu'une émulsion de bitume ou du bitume liquide chaud sont réalisés habituellement suivant l'une des deux techniques qui seront décrites ci-dessous.Surface maintenance work on road surfaces by construction on the road surface, a surface consisting of gravel and a liquid binder such as bitumen emulsion or hot liquid bitumen are usually performed according to one of the two techniques which will be described below.

Pour la réalisation de revêtement sur de grandes surfaces routières, on utilise un train de répandage constitué d'une répandeuse de bitume et d'un gravillonneur. La répandeuse doit répandre le liant, qui est soit une émulsion soit du bitume chaud, sur la chaussée avec une très grande précision et une parfaite régularité dans la direction transversale de la surface routière et du train de répandage. On utilise pour cela, sur les matériels selon l'art antérieur, une rampe à jets multiples, c'est-à-dire une rampe comportant des buses réparties dans la direction longitudinale de la rampe disposée dans la directions transversale de la surface routière, avec un pas d'écartement constant, par exemple un pas de 100 mm environ. La rampe est alimentée en liant liquide et les buses sont réalisées de manière à produire un jet conique ayant une section allongée dans la direction transversale et analogue à un jet plat triangulaire qui rencontre la surface routière, suivant une surface d'impact dont la longueur, dans la direction transversale, dépend de l'angle au sommet du jet plat et de la hauteur de la rampe au-dessus de la surface routière. On choisit une hauteur de rampe, au-dessus de la surface routière, en fonction de l'angle au sommet des jets plats et du pas des buses sur la rampe, telle que la surface d'impact de chacun des jets présente une longueur d'environ trois pas dans la direction transversale. Du fait du recoupement des jets formés par les buses successives, sur chacun des pas de la surface d'impact, trois jets sont superposés, ce qui donne trois recouvrements de la surface routière.For the coating of large road surfaces, we use a spreading train consisting of a bitumen spreader and of a gravel maker. The spreader should spread the binder, which is either a emulsion or hot bitumen, on the pavement with very high precision and perfect regularity in the transverse direction of the surface road and spreading train. We use for this, on materials according to the prior art, a multiple-jet ramp, that is to say a ramp comprising nozzles distributed in the longitudinal direction of the arranged boom in the transverse directions of the road surface, with one step of constant spacing, for example a pitch of about 100 mm. The ramp is supplied with liquid binder and the nozzles are produced so as to produce a conical jet having an elongated section in the transverse direction and similar to a triangular flat jet which meets the road surface, along an impact surface whose length, in the transverse direction, depends on the angle at the top of the flat spray and the height of the ramp above of the road surface. We choose a ramp height, above of the road surface, depending on the angle at the top of the flat jets and the no nozzles on the boom, such as the impact surface of each of the jets has a length of about three steps in the transverse direction. Of overlaps the jets formed by successive nozzles, on each steps of the impact surface, three jets are superimposed, which gives three road surface coverings.

Les gravillons sont généralement déposés sur le liant liquide recouvrant la surface routière, par un gravillonneur comportant une pluralité de trappes successives de largeur constante, réparties suivant la direction transversale de la surface routière et commandées pour leur ouverture ou leur fermeture, de manière à régler la largeur d'épandage de gravillons sur la surface routière recouverte de liant liquide. Généralement, le gravillonneur multitrappes est fixé sur le fond de la benne d'un camion-benne dans laquelle on charge les gravillons. On obtient ainsi une bonne répartition transversale.The gravel is generally deposited on the liquid binder covering the road surface, by a gravel spreader comprising a plurality of successive hatches of constant width, distributed along the direction transverse of the road surface and ordered for their opening or closing, so as to adjust the spreading width of gravel on the road surface covered with liquid binder. Typically the gravel spreader multi-trap is fixed on the bottom of the tipper of a dump truck in which we load the gravel. A good transverse distribution is thus obtained.

Cette technique connue utilisant un train de répandage donne des enduits superficiels d'excellente qualité.This known technique using a spreading train gives excellent quality surface coatings.

L'entretien superficiel des routes peut nécessiter le traitement de défauts localisés, ces travaux étant généralement désignés dans le métier comme travaux de point à temps. De tels travaux peuvent concerner des zones isolées plus ou moins circulaires ou des bandes d'une largeur inférieure à la largeur de la surface routière. Pour effectuer de tels travaux de point à temps, on utilise depuis longtemps, de manière habituelle, une méthode manuelle consistant à appliquer le bitume avec une lance à main et à répandre les gravillons en utilisant un bac à gravillons. Cette technique rudimentaire est de moins en moins utilisée, et on préfère utiliser des matériels permettant d'effectuer des travaux de point à temps, de manière automatique. Les matériels utilisés sont des machines qui réunissent sur un même engin routier une petite répandeuse et une petite benne à gravillons associée à un gravillonneur. De telles machines ont permis de faire progresser la technique d'entretien superficiel des routes en mécanisant les travaux de réparation et le côté pratique et économique de telles machines qui regroupent deux fonctions explique leur succès actuel, malgré leur faible autonomie sur le chantier, du fait de la capacité réduite de la benne à gravillons et du réservoir de liant liquide, de telles machines étant généralement constituées par un camion.Surface road maintenance may require treatment of faults localized, these works being generally designated in the trade as point work in time. Such work may relate to isolated more or less circular zones or bands of a smaller width to the width of the road surface. To perform such work of point in time, we have used for a long time, in the usual way, a method manual consisting of applying the bitumen with a hand lance and spread the gravel using a gravel container. This rudimentary technique is used less and less, and we prefer to use materials allowing point work to be performed on time, automatically. The materials used are machines which bring together on the same road vehicle a small spreader and a small gravel bucket associated to a gravel maker. Such machines have helped advance the surface road maintenance technique by mechanizing the work of repair and the practical and economic side of such machines which group together two functions explain their current success, despite their low autonomy on site, due to the reduced capacity of the gravel bucket and of the liquid binder reservoir, such machines generally being constituted by a truck.

Un inconvénient plus gênant de cette technique est qu'elle conduit à des enduits superficiels de qualité médiocre, du fait qu'elle ne respecte plus le principe mis en oeuvre dans les trains de répandage qui consiste à déposer le bitume sur la surface routière avec trois recouvrements. Pour effectuer des travaux de réparation sur des surfaces réduites, on place la rampe d'épandage de bitume à une hauteur au-dessus de la surface routière qui est inférieure à la hauteur utilisée habituellement sur les trains de répandage. Compte tenu de l'angle au sommet des jets plats et du pas entre les buses de la rampe, chacun des jets forme une surface d'impact dont la dimension dans la direction transversale n'est que de deux pas et le recoupement des jets ne produit que deux recouvrements, par superposition de deux jets sur chacun des pas de la surface d'impact.A more annoying drawback of this technique is that it leads to poor quality surface coatings because it no longer meets the principle implemented in the spreading trains which consists in depositing bitumen on the road surface with three overlaps. To make repair work on small areas, place the ramp bitumen spreading at a height above the road surface which is less than the height usually used on spreading trains. Taking into account the angle at the top of the flat jets and the pitch between the boom nozzles, each of the jets forms an impact surface whose dimension in the transverse direction is only two steps and the overlap jets produces only two overlaps, by superposition of two jets on each step of the impact surface.

En outre, dans le cas des trains de répandage, la largeur des trappes d'épandage de gravillons par rapport au pas d'écartement des buses est telle qu'on applique trois jets de liant sur la largeur d'épandage d'une trappe. Dans le cas des machines automatiques pour les travaux de point à temps on n'utilise que deux jets de liant par largeur d'épandage d'une trappe à gravillons. L'utilisation de deux recouvrements de liant au lieu de trois et de deux jets de liant au lieu de trois sur une largeur d'épandage d'une trappe à gravillons conduit à des revêtements superficiels de qualité inférieure à celle des revêtements obtenus grâce à un train de répandage en grande largeur.In addition, in the case of spreading trains, the width of the hatches spreading of gravel with respect to the spacing of the nozzles is such that three binder jets are applied over the spreading width of a hatch. In the case of automatic machines for point-to-time work only two binder jets are used per spreading width of a gravel trap. The use of two binder coverings instead of three and two binder jets instead of three across a spreading width of a trap gravel leads to surface coatings of lower quality than that coatings obtained thanks to a wide width spreading train.

En outre, les réparations locales effectuées sur des bandes de surface routière par les techniques de point à temps automatiques connues comportent des défauts suivant leurs bords ou rives. En effet, il y a systématiquement des débordements de liant ainsi qu'un arrachement des gravillons sur les rives de la bande réparée, du fait d'un sous-dosage en bitume sur les rives qui est lié structurellement au principe de ces machines automatiques.In addition, local repairs to surface strips by known automatic time point techniques have defects along their edges or edges. Indeed, there is systematically binder overflows and tearing of gravel on the banks of the repaired strip, due to an underdosing in bitumen on the shores which is structurally linked to the principle of these automatic machines.

Ces défauts sont présents même si l'on équipe les rampes à liant des machines automatiques à point à temps de buses identiques aux répandeuses des trains de répandage avec un même pas d'écartement.These faults are present even if the ramps are bonded with automatic point-time machines with nozzles identical to the spreaders spreading trains with the same spacing pitch.

Le but de l'invention est donc de proposer un dispositif d'épandage de liant liquide et de gravillons à l'arrière d'un engin routier comportant au moins une rampe d'épandage de liant fixée sur une partie arrière de l'engin routier, dans une direction transversale, et ayant un premier ensemble de buses d'épandage de liant réparties suivant la longueur de la rampe dans la direction transversale avec un pas d'écartement constant, dirigées vers une surface routière sur laquelle se déplace l'engin routier et des moyens réglables d'alimentation de la rampe en liant, de manière à alimenter tout ou partie des buses du premier ensemble pour former à la sortie de chacune des buses un jet plat ayant un angle au sommet tel, qu'en fonction de la hauteur de la rampe au-dessus de la surface routière, chaque jet a une surface d'impact sur la surface routière d'une largeur d'à peu près trois pas dans la direction transversale et que les jets du premier ensemble de buses se recoupent de manière que, pour chacun des pas successifs des surfaces d'impact des jets, dans la direction transversale, trois jets se superposent, et un gravillonneur fixé à l'arrière de l'engin routier, dans une disposition transversale en vis-à-vis de la rampe d'épandage de liant, pour l'épandage de gravillons, comportant une pluralité de trappes d'égale largeur juxtaposées dans la direction transversale et associées à des moyens de commande, pour leur ouverture ou leur fermeture, de manière à permettre ou interdire le passage d'un flux de gravillons ayant une largeur constante d'à peu près trois pas sur la surface routière pour chacune des trappes et à régler la largeur totale d'épandage du gravillonneur par ouverture de tout ou partie des trappes, ce dispositif permettant de réaliser des revêtements d'une qualité parfaite, au moins équivalente à la qualité des revêtements fabriqués à partir de trains de répandage et en particulier d'effectuer des travaux de point à temps sur des bandes de largeur réduite, avec une bonne qualité de réalisation du revêtement sur les rives de la bande réparée.The object of the invention is therefore to propose a device for spreading liquid binder and gravel at the rear of a road vehicle comprising at least a binder spreading ramp fixed to a rear part of the road vehicle, in a transverse direction, and having a first set of nozzles spreading agent spread along the length of the boom in the direction transverse with a constant spacing pitch, directed towards a surface road on which the road vehicle moves and adjustable means supply of the ramp by tying, so as to supply all or part of the nozzles of the first set to form at the outlet of each of the nozzles a flat jet having an angle at the top such that depending on the height of the ramp above the road surface, each jet has an impact surface on the road surface about three steps wide in the direction transverse and that the jets of the first set of nozzles overlap so that, for each of the successive steps of the impact surfaces of the jets, in the transverse direction, three jets overlap, and one gravel spreader attached to the rear of the road vehicle, in a transverse arrangement in opposite the binder spreading ramp, for spreading gravel, comprising a plurality of hatches of equal width juxtaposed in the direction transverse and associated with control means, for their opening or closing, so as to allow or prohibit passage of a stream of gravel having a constant width of about three steps over the road surface for each hatch and to adjust the total width spreading of the gravel spreader by opening all or part of the hatches, this device for producing coatings of perfect quality, at less equivalent to the quality of coatings made from trains spreading and in particular to carry out point work in time on strips of reduced width, with good quality of production of the coating on the banks of the repaired strip.

Dans ce but :

  • la rampe de répandage de liant comporte, de plus, un second ensemble de buses intercalées chacune entre deux buses successives du premier ensemble de buses dans la direction transversale et réalisées de manière à produire, lorsqu'elles sont alimentées en liant par les moyens d'alimentation réglables de la rampe, chacune un premier et un second demi-jets successifs suivant la direction transversale ayant chacun une surface d'impact d'une largeur sensiblement égale à un pas dans la direction transversale, adjacents de part et d'autre d'un axe de la buse perpendiculaire à la direction transversale, le premier demi-jet situé vers l'extrémité de la rampe ayant un débit sensiblement égal au double du débit du second demi-jet situé du côté de la partie centrale de la rampe, et
  • les moyens d'alimentation de la rampe en liant sont prévus pour assurer une alimentation sélective de buses du second ensemble avec un débit sensiblement égal au débit d'alimentation de chacune des buses du premier ensemble, de manière qu'on effectue un épandage de gravillons et de liant liquide sur une largeur de surface routière égale à un multiple de la largeur d'épandage d'une trappe, avec une superposition de deux jets de liant liquide sur un pas à chacune des extrémités de la largeur de surface routière et une superposition de trois jets sur les autres pas, centraux de la surface routière et avec épandage de trois jets de liant pour chacune des largeurs d'épandage d'un flux de gravillons d'une trappe du gravillonneur.
For this purpose :
  • the binder spreading ramp further comprises a second set of nozzles each inserted between two successive nozzles of the first set of nozzles in the transverse direction and produced so as to produce, when supplied with binder by the means of adjustable supply of the ramp, each a first and a second successive half-jets in the transverse direction each having an impact surface of a width substantially equal to a step in the transverse direction, adjacent on either side of an axis of the nozzle perpendicular to the transverse direction, the first half-jet located towards the end of the ramp having a flow rate substantially equal to twice the flow rate of the second half-jet located on the side of the central part of the ramp, and
  • the means of supplying the ramp with binder are provided to ensure a selective supply of nozzles of the second set with a flow rate substantially equal to the supply flow rate of each of the nozzles of the first set, so that a spreading of gravel is carried out and liquid binder over a road surface width equal to a multiple of the spreading width of a hatch, with a superposition of two jets of liquid binder in one step at each of the ends of the road surface width and a superposition three jets on the other steps, central to the road surface and with the spreading of three binder jets for each of the spreading widths of a flow of gravel from a gravel trap.

Le dispositif suivant l'invention peut être réalisé de manière que :

  • les trappes du gravillonneur déversent des gravillons directement sur la surface routière, la largeur d'épandage des gravillons d'une trappe étant sensiblement égale à la largeur d'une trappe dans la direction transversale ;
  • les trappes du gravillonneur sont associées à l'un au moins d'un rouleau diffuseur, d'un rouleau doseur ou d'une bavette ou contre-bavette, et la largeur d'épandage des gravillons sur la surface routière est supérieure à la largeur des trappes du gravillonneur ;
  • les buses du premier ensemble et les buses du second ensemble sont disposées sur un même corps de la rampe ;
  • les buses du premier ensemble sont disposées sur un premier corps de rampe et les buses du second ensemble sur un second corps de la rampe parallèle au premier corps de rampe ;
  • les buses du second ensemble sont disposées chacune à égale distance des buses du premier ensemble entre lesquelles elles sont intercalées dans la direction transversale.
The device according to the invention can be produced so that:
  • the gravel trap doors pour gravel directly onto the road surface, the spreading width of the gravel from a hatch being substantially equal to the width of a hatch in the transverse direction;
  • the gravel trap doors are associated with at least one of a diffusing roller, a dosing roller or a flap or counter flap, and the width of spreading of the gravel on the road surface is greater than the width gravel trap doors;
  • the nozzles of the first set and the nozzles of the second set are arranged on the same body of the boom;
  • the nozzles of the first set are arranged on a first ramp body and the nozzles of the second set on a second body of the ramp parallel to the first ramp body;
  • the nozzles of the second set are each arranged at equal distance from the nozzles of the first set between which they are interposed in the transverse direction.

Afin de bien faire comprendre l'invention, on va décrire, à titre d'exemple, en se référant aux figures jointes en annexe, un dispositif d'épandage de liant liquide et de gravillons suivant l'invention et son utilisation pour des travaux de point à temps.In order to clearly understand the invention, we will describe, by way of example, with reference to the attached figures, a device for spreading liquid binder and gravel according to the invention and its use for point work in time.

La figure 1 est une vue schématique en perspective d'un dispositif suivant l'invention constitué par un camion-benne équipé d'un gravillonneur et d'une rampe à bitume.Figure 1 is a schematic perspective view of a device according to the invention constituted by a dump truck equipped with a gravel spreader and a bitumen ramp.

La figure 2 est une vue arrière du dispositif montrant la disposition des trappes du gravillonneur et de la rampe à bitume. Figure 2 is a rear view of the device showing the arrangement gravel trap doors and the bitumen ramp.

Les figures 3 et 4 sont des vues schématiques relatives à un dispositif automatique de réalisation de travaux de point à temps selon l'art antérieur.Figures 3 and 4 are schematic views relating to a device automatic point-in-time work according to the prior art.

La figure 3 montre la répartition des trappes et des buses de la rampe de répandage de liant suivant la direction transversale.Figure 3 shows the distribution of the trap doors and nozzles spreading binder in the transverse direction.

La figure 4 montre, en vis-à-vis de la figure 3, la formation des jets de bitume et du revêtement dans le cas d'une réparation de la surface routière réalisée par le dispositif suivant l'art antérieur.FIG. 4 shows, opposite FIG. 3, the formation of the jets of bitumen and coating in the case of a repair of the road surface produced by the device according to the prior art.

La figure 5 est un histogramme montrant la répartition de liant suivant la largeur d'une bande dont on effectue la réparation avec un dispositif de point à temps automatique suivant l'art antérieur.FIG. 5 is a histogram showing the distribution of the following binder the width of a strip which is repaired with a automatic time point according to the prior art.

La figure 6 est une vue schématique analogue à la vue de la figure 3, dans le cas d'un dispositif d'épandage suivant l'invention.FIG. 6 is a schematic view similar to the view of FIG. 3, in the case of a spreading device according to the invention.

La figure 6A est une vue de dessous d'une buse du second jeu de buses du dispositif de la figure 6 ou de la figure 7.Figure 6A is a bottom view of a nozzle of the second set of nozzles of the device of FIG. 6 or of FIG. 7.

La figure 7 est une vue analogue à la vue de la figure 4 montrant la répartition des jets de liant liquide et de gravillons, dans le cas du dispositif suivant l'invention.Figure 7 is a view similar to the view of Figure 4 showing the distribution of the jets of liquid binder and gravel, in the case of the device according to the invention.

La figure 8 est un histogramme montrant la répartition de liant suivant la largeur d'une bande dont on effectue la réparation avec le dispositif suivant l'invention.FIG. 8 is a histogram showing the distribution of the following binder the width of a strip which is repaired with the following device the invention.

Sur la figure 1, on a représenté un dispositif suivant l'invention désigné de manière générale par le repère 1 qui est constitué par un camion-benne et dont la plate-forme porte une benne basculante 2 et un réservoir à liant bitumineux 3.In Figure 1, there is shown a device according to the invention designated generally by the reference 1 which is constituted by a dump truck and whose platform carries a tilting skip 2 and a tank bituminous binder 3.

Sur la partie arrière de la benne basculante 2 est fixé un gravillonneur 5 permettant d'effectuer le répandage de gravillons contenus dans la benne 2 sur une surface routière sur laquelle se déplace le camion-benne 1.On the rear part of the tipping skip 2 is fixed a gravel spreader 5 allowing the spreading of gravel contained in the bucket 2 on a road surface on which the dump truck 1 travels.

Sous le châssis du camion-benne, à l'avant du gravillonneur est fixée une rampe 6 de répandage de liant bitumineux liquide qui est alimentée, à partir du réservoir de liant liquide 3, par l'intermédiaire de moyens 4 de pompage et de distribution de liant liquide à la rampe 6.Under the chassis of the dump truck, at the front of the gravel spreader is fixed a ramp 6 for spreading liquid bituminous binder which is supplied, from the liquid binder reservoir 3, by means of pumping means 4 and distribution of liquid binder to the ramp 6.

Comme il est visible sur la figure 2, le gravillonneur 5 comporte en particulier une pluralité de trappes 8 de largeur constante dans la direction transversale du camion-benne et disposées l'une à la suite de l'autre dans la direction transversale, suivant toute la largeur de la benne.As can be seen in FIG. 2, the gravel spreader 5 comprises in particular a plurality of hatches 8 of constant width in the direction of the dump truck and arranged one after the other in the transverse direction, along the entire width of the bucket.

Les trappes 8 sont commandées individuellement, pour leur ouverture ou leur fermeture par des vérins 9, de manière qu'on puisse régler la largeur d'épandage du gravillonneur 5 en ouvrant tout ou partie des trappes 8, suivant la direction transversale.The hatches 8 are individually controlled, for their opening or their closing by jacks 9, so that the width can be adjusted spreading of the gravel spreader 5 by opening all or part of the hatches 8, according to the transverse direction.

La rampe d'épandage de liant liquide bitumineux 6 comporte des buses 7 réparties suivant la direction transversale, avec un intervalle d'écartement ou pas constant.The bituminous liquid binder 6 spreading boom has nozzles 7 distributed in the transverse direction, with a spacing interval or not constant.

Les buses 7 sont alimentées en liant bitumineux liquide, par les moyens de pompage et de distribution 4 associés au réservoir 3, de manière qu'on puisse alimenter tout ou partie des buses 7 avec un débit de liant bitumineux liquide réglé.The nozzles 7 are supplied with liquid bituminous binder, by the pumping and distribution means 4 associated with the reservoir 3, so that all or part of the nozzles 7 can be supplied with a bituminous binder flow rate liquid set.

La rampe 6 est placée suivant la direction transversale, en vis-à-vis de la rangée de trappes 8 du gravillonneur, la longueur de la rampe 6 portant les buses 7 dans la direction transversale pouvant être sensiblement égale ou supérieure à la longueur de la rangée de trappes 8.The ramp 6 is placed in the transverse direction, opposite from the row of traps 8 of the gravel spreader, the length of the ramp 6 carrying the nozzles 7 in the transverse direction can be substantially equal to or greater than the length of the row of hatches 8.

Par ouverture d'une trappe 8, on provoque un déversement de gravillons qui peuvent tomber sur la surface routière 10, directement à l'aplomb de la trappe 8 ouverte, ou encore par l'intermédiaire d'un rouleau répartiteur 11 et d'une bavette provoquant un élargissement du déversement de gravillons par la trappe 8 sur la surface routière 10.By opening a hatch 8, it causes a discharge of gravel which can fall on road surface 10, directly below the hatch 8 open, or even via a distributor roller 11 and a flap causing a widening of the gravel discharge through the hatch 8 on the road surface 10.

Lorsque les gravillons tombent directement depuis les trappes 8 sur la surface routière 10, la largeur d'épandage de chacune des trappes est sensiblement égale à la largeur de la trappe dans la direction transversale. Lorsqu'on utilise une bavette associée éventuellement à un rouleau répartiteur, la largeur d'épandage de chacune des trappes 8 est supérieure à la largeur des trappes. Dans tous les cas, on considérera la largeur d'épandage au sol de chacune des trappes 8, c'est-à-dire la largeur dans la direction transversale, du flux de gravillons libéré par la trappe 8 et déposé sur le sol.When the gravel falls directly from the hatches 8 onto the road surface 10, the spreading width of each hatch is substantially equal to the width of the hatch in the transverse direction. When using a flap possibly associated with a distributor roller, the spreading width of each of the doors 8 is greater than the width of hatches. In all cases, consider the spreading width on the ground of each hatch 8, i.e. the width in the direction transverse, the flow of gravel released by the hatch 8 and deposited on the ground.

Les buses 7 dont l'écartement est constant dans la direction transversale, c'est-à-dire dans la direction longitudinale de la rampe 6 sont réparties dans la direction transversale, en fonction de la largeur d'épandage des trappes, c'est-à-dire de la largeur d'épandage de chacune des trappes individuelles et de la largeur totale d'épandage.The nozzles 7 whose spacing is constant in the transverse direction, that is to say in the longitudinal direction of the ramp 6 are distributed in the transverse direction, depending on the spreading width of the hatches, i.e. the spreading width of each individual hatch and the total spreading width.

Sur les figures 3 et 4, on a représenté, de manière schématique, un tronçon d'une rampe 6, suivant sa longueur, dans la direction transversale du dispositif d'épandage. La rampe 6 est une rampe suivant l'art antérieur telle qu'utilisée par exemple pour des travaux de point à temps sur un dispositif automatique qui peut être analogue au dispositif représenté sur la figure 1.In Figures 3 and 4, there is shown schematically a section of a ramp 6, along its length, in the transverse direction of the spreading device. Ramp 6 is a ramp according to the prior art as used for example for point work in time on a device automatic which can be analogous to the device shown in the figure 1.

La rampe 6 comporte des buses 7 espacées l'une de l'autre d'un pas d'écartement constant P suivant la direction transversale.The ramp 6 has nozzles 7 spaced apart from each other by a pitch of constant spacing P in the transverse direction.

On a représenté, au-dessus de la rampe 6, la position par rapport aux buses 7 de la rampe 6, dans la direction transversale, des flux successifs 8' de gravillons déversés par les trappes 8 d'un gravillonneur à largeur d'épandage réglable.There is shown, above the ramp 6, the position relative to the nozzles 7 of the ramp 6, in the transverse direction, of the successive flows 8 ' of gravel poured out by the hatches 8 of a spreader with spreading width adjustable.

Dans le cas où l'on n'utilise pas de bavette d'élargissement des flux, les flux 8' ont une largeur L sensiblement égale à la largeur des trappes 8 dans la direction transversale.If you don't use a flow widening flap, the flows 8 ′ have a width L substantially equal to the width of the hatches 8 in the transverse direction.

Les positions des buses 7 et des jets de bitume qui seront décrites en regard des figures 3 et 4 sont déterminées, par rapport aux flux de gravillons 8' de largeur L au sol provenant des trappes 8.The positions of the nozzles 7 and the bitumen jets which will be described in look of Figures 3 and 4 are determined, relative to the gravel flow 8 'wide L on the ground coming from the hatches 8.

Comme il est visible sur la figure 3, dans le cas d'un dispositif d'épandage de bitume suivant l'art antérieur, pour des travaux de point à temps, on prévoit deux buses 7 de la rampe 6 en vis-à-vis de chacun des flux 8' d'épandage d'une trappe 8.As can be seen in Figure 3, in the case of a spreading device bitumen according to the prior art, for point-in-time work, provides two nozzles 7 of the boom 6 facing each of the flows 8 ' spreading a hatch 8.

Les figures 3 et 4 sont relatives à l'utilisation d'un dispositif suivant l'art antérieur pour réaliser une réparation d'une bande de la surface routière d'une largeur sensiblement égale à trois fois la largeur d'épandage d'une trappe 8, c'est-à-dire d'une largeur sensiblement égale à six fois le pas P d'écartement des buses 7 de la rampe 6.Figures 3 and 4 relate to the use of a following device the prior art for carrying out a repair of a strip of the road surface of a width substantially equal to three times the spreading width of a hatch 8, that is to say a width substantially equal to six times the pitch P spacing of the nozzles 7 of the boom 6.

Dans le cas de buses ayant un pas d'écartement de l'ordre de 100 mm, la largeur de la bande traitée pour réparation est de l'ordre de 600 mm. In the case of nozzles having a spacing pitch of the order of 100 mm, the width of the strip treated for repair is around 600 mm.

Sur la figure 4, on a représenté, dans la partie supérieure, la rampe 6 et les jets 12 de liant bitumineux formés par les buses successives 7 de la rampe 6 placées à une hauteur h sensiblement égale au deux-tiers de la hauteur H d'une rampe utilisée dans un train de répandage pour des travaux de grande largeur.In Figure 4, there is shown, in the upper part, the ramp 6 and the jets 12 of bituminous binder formed by the successive nozzles 7 of the ramp 6 placed at a height h substantially equal to two-thirds of the height H of a ramp used in a spreading train for work very wide.

Les jets 12 formés par les buses 7 de la rampe 6 qui ont une forme plate triangulaire et un angle au sommet α ont une surface d'impact sur la surface routière 10 dont la largeur dans la direction transversale est sensiblement égale à deux pas de la rampe 6.The jets 12 formed by the nozzles 7 of the ramp 6 which have a shape triangular plate and an angle at the top α have an impact surface on the road surface 10 whose width in the transverse direction is substantially equal to two steps from ramp 6.

Les pas successifs 13 dans la direction transversale de la surface d'impact des jets 12 sur la surface routière 10 correspondent chacun à la demi-largeur de la surface d'impact d'un jet 12.The successive steps 13 in the transverse direction of the surface impact of the jets 12 on the road surface 10 each correspond to the half-width of the impact surface of a jet 12.

Dans le cas où l'on effectue une réparation d'une bande 14 telle que représentée dans la partie inférieure de la figure 4, sur une largeur égale à trois fois la largeur d'épandage L d'une trappe 8, on alimente six buses 7 successives pour former six jets de bitume adjacents 12 qui se recoupent de telle manière que les pas 13 de la surface d'impact située à la partie centrale de la zone traitée 14, entre les pas extrêmes 13a et 13b, sont constitués par recoupement et recouvrement par deux jets 12, ces pas 13 étant à deux recouvrements.In the case where a strip 14 such as shown in the lower part of Figure 4, over a width equal to three times the spreading width L of a hatch 8, six nozzles 7 are supplied successive to form six adjacent bitumen jets 12 which overlap with such that steps 13 of the impact surface located at the central part of the treated area 14, between the end steps 13a and 13b, consist of overlap and overlap by two jets 12, these steps 13 being with two overlaps.

Les pas extrêmes 13a et 13b ne comportent qu'un recouvrement et les jets débordent à l'extérieur de la zone 14 dans laquelle on effectue le déversement de gravillons.The extreme steps 13a and 13b have only an overlap and the jets overflow outside the zone 14 in which the dumping of gravel.

Sur la figure 5, on a représenté un histogramme donnant, en ordonnée, le dosage ou densité de bitume sur la surface d'impact des jets par rapport à la densité maximale de recouvrement du procédé et, en abscisse, les zones d'épandage des trois trappes 8 à gravillons situées au-dessus de la zone de traitement 14.In FIG. 5, a histogram is shown giving, on the ordinate, the dosage or density of bitumen on the impact surface of the jets by compared to the maximum covering density of the process and, on the abscissa, the spreading zones of the three gravel hatches 8 located above the treatment area 14.

Sur la figure 4 (partie basse), la zone 14 qui s'étend suivant les trois zones successives d'épandage des trois trappes à gravillons a également été représentée.In FIG. 4 (lower part), the zone 14 which extends along the three successive spreading zones of the three gravel hatches also been represented.

Dans la zone centrale d'épandage de gravillons (zone T2 d'épandage de gravillons de la seconde trappe 8 en partant de la gauche, la densité de recouvrement par le bitume est de 100 % et correspond à deux recouvrements par des jets de bitume 12.In the central gravel spreading area (T2 spreading area of gravel from the second hatch 8 from the left, the density of bitumen overlap is 100% and corresponds to two overlaps by bitumen jets 12.

Dans les deux zones T1 et T3 de part et d'autre de la zone centrale T2 qui correspondent aux zones d'épandage de la première et de la troisième trappes à gravillons 8, la densité d'épandage est de 100 % et correspond à deux recouvrements par des jets 12, sur les deux-tiers de la zone en partant de la zone centrale.In the two zones T1 and T3 on either side of the central zone T2 which correspond to the first and third spreading zones gravel hatches 8, the spreading density is 100% and corresponds with two overlaps by jets 12, on two-thirds of the area in starting from the central area.

Sur la figure 4, on voit que les jets 12 se recoupent de manière à produire deux recouvrements, à partir du deuxième pas 13 de la zone de recouvrement et jusqu'à l'avant-dernier pas 13, ces pas 13, comme indiqué plus haut, ayant une longueur dans la direction transversale égale à la moitié de la largeur L d'une zone d'épandage de gravillons 8' (T1, T2 ou T3).In FIG. 4, it can be seen that the jets 12 overlap so as to produce two overlaps, from the second step 13 of the overlap zone and until the penultimate step 13, these steps 13, as indicated higher, having a length in the transverse direction equal to half the width L of a gravel spreading area 8 '(T1, T2 or T3).

Suivant le premier pas 13 de la zone d'impact des jets 12, dans la zone traitée 14, et suivant le dernier pas, la zone d'impact ne comporte qu'un recouvrement, ce qui représente 50 % de la densité de liant dans la zone centrale, comme représenté sur la figure 5.Next to the first step 13 of the impact zone of the jets 12, in the treated area 14, and following the last step, the impact area does not include that a covering, which represents 50% of the density of binder in the central area, as shown in Figure 5.

En outre, le premier jet 12 à la limite gauche de la zone 14 et le dernier jet à la limite droite de la zone 14 débordent d'un demi-pas 13a ou 13b, respectivement, en dehors de la zone 14 dans laquelle on réalise l'épandage de gravillons.In addition, the first jet 12 at the left limit of zone 14 and the last jet at the right limit of zone 14 extend by half a step 13a or 13b, respectively, outside of zone 14 in which the spreading is carried out gravel.

Comme représenté sur la figure 5, les zones marginales de largeur d'un demi-pas de la zone d'impact et les deux zones en débordement 13a et 13b sont recouvertes de bitume avec une densité de 50 % de la densité maximale dans la zone centrale.As shown in Figure 5, the marginal areas of width half a step from the impact zone and the two overflowing zones 13a and 13b are covered with bitumen with a density of 50% of the density maximum in the central area.

Sur la figure 4 (partie basse), on a représenté la partie centrale 14a de la zone 14 dans laquelle la surface routière 10 reçoit deux recouvrements de liant bitumineux liquide, les zones marginales 14c et 14d de largeur d'un demi-pas de la zone de recouvrement dans lesquelles la surface routière 10 ne reçoit qu'un seul recouvrement de bitume par un seul jet 12 et les deux zones 14'a et 14'b de largeur d'un demi-pas, à l'extérieur de la zone traitée 14, à gauche et à droite, qui correspondent aux demi-pas 13a et 13b de la zone d'impact en dehors de la zone de gravillonnage recevant un recouvrement de bitume par un seul jet 12. In FIG. 4 (lower part), the central part 14a has been represented. of zone 14 in which the road surface 10 receives two overlaps liquid bituminous binder, the marginal zones 14c and 14d of width of a half step of the overlap area in which the road surface 10 receives only one bitumen covering by one jet 12 and both zones 14'a and 14'b, half a step wide, outside the treated zone 14, left and right, which correspond to half-steps 13a and 13b of the impact zone outside the gravel zone receiving an overlap bitumen with a single spray 12.

En définitive, la partie centrale 14a de la zone traitée est d'une qualité moyenne et inférieure à la qualité d'un revêtement en grande largeur, du fait qu'elle ne comporte que deux recouvrements de bitume.Ultimately, the central part 14a of the treated area is of a quality average and inferior to the quality of a wide width coating, due to it only has two bitumen coverings.

Les parties latérales 14c et 14d qui ne comportent qu'un recouvrement de bitume ne peuvent assurer une adhésion suffisante des gravillons qui sont facilement arrachés et les zones de débordement 14'a et 14'b, à l'extérieur de la zone gravillonnée, présentent des coulures de bitume qui sont nuisibles à la bonne qualité de la chaussée et qui ne sont pas utilisées pour assurer l'adhésion des gravillons.The lateral parts 14c and 14d which only have an overlap bitumen cannot ensure sufficient adhesion of gravel which are easily torn off and the overflow zones 14'a and 14'b, at outside the gravel area, there are bitumen drips which are detrimental to the quality of the pavement and are not used to ensure adhesion of gravel.

Sur les figures 6 et 7, on a représenté, de la même manière que sur les figures 3 et 4, la disposition des buses d'une rampe 6 d'épandage de liant liquide d'un dispositif suivant l'invention, par rapport aux zones successives d'épandage de flux de gravillons 8' de largeur L' des trappes à gravillons 8 d'un gravillonneur à largeur variable suivant l'invention.In Figures 6 and 7, there is shown, in the same manner as in Figures 3 and 4, the arrangement of the nozzles of a boom 6 for spreading liquid binder of a device according to the invention, with respect to the successive zones 8 'wide L' gravel flow spreader for gravel traps 8 of a variable width gravel spreader according to the invention.

Par rapport aux dispositif suivant l'art antérieur, la rampe 6 du dispositif suivant l'invention comporte un premier ensemble de buses 7a disposées avec un pas d'écartement P constant qui peut être par exemple de 100 mm et donc égal au pas d'écartement des buses de la rampe 6 suivant l'art antérieur décrite précédemment et un second ensemble de buses 7b disposées chacune, dans la direction transversale, entre deux buses 7a du premier ensemble de buses.Compared to the device according to the prior art, the ramp 6 of the device according to the invention comprises a first set of nozzles 7a arranged with a constant spacing step P which can be for example 100 mm and therefore equal to the spacing pitch of the nozzles of the ramp 6 according to the prior art described above and a second set of nozzles 7b arranged each, in the transverse direction, between two nozzles 7a of the first set of nozzles.

De préférence, mais non obligatoirement, comme il sera expliqué plus loin, les buses 7b du second ensemble de buses sont disposées à égale distance des buses du premier ensemble entre lesquelles elles sont placées, dans la direction transversale correspondant à la direction longitudinale de la rampe 6.Preferably, but not necessarily, as will be explained more away, the nozzles 7b of the second set of nozzles are arranged at equal distance of the nozzles of the first set between which they are placed, in the transverse direction corresponding to the longitudinal direction of the ramp 6.

Sur la figure 6 (partie basse), la rampe 6 a été représentée en vue de dessous, la figure représentant la surface de la rampe dirigée vers la surface routière 10.In FIG. 6 (bottom part), the ramp 6 has been shown with a view to below, the figure representing the surface of the ramp directed towards the surface road 10.

Les buses du premier ensemble 7a sont alignées suivant un premier axe longitudinal de la rampe 6 et les buses 7b du second ensemble, suivant un second axe longitudinal. Ce montage permet de faciliter le raccordement des buses au moyen d'alimentation en liant bitumineux liquide provenant du réservoir 3 par l'intermédiaire des moyens de pompage et de distribution 4.The nozzles of the first set 7a are aligned along a first longitudinal axis of the ramp 6 and the nozzles 7b of the second set, along a second longitudinal axis. This assembly facilitates connection nozzles by means of supplying liquid bituminous binder from the tank 3 by means of pumping and distribution means 4.

Dans certains cas, en fonction du pas d'écartement des buses du premier ensemble et de l'encombrement des moyens de raccordement des buses, il est possible de placer les buses 7b du second ensemble entre les buses du premier ensemble, sur un même axe longitudinal de la rampe 6.In some cases, depending on the spacing of the nozzles of the first set and the size of the connection means of nozzles, it is possible to place the nozzles 7b of the second set between the nozzles of the first set, on the same longitudinal axis of the boom 6.

Par rapport au dispositif suivant l'art antérieur, la largeur des trappes à gravillons 8 a été accrue, de telle sorte que la largeur L' des zones d'épandage de gravillons 8' dans la direction transversale est égale à une fois et demi la largeur L des zones d'épandage de gravillons 8' dans le cas du dispositif suivant l'art antérieur.Compared to the device according to the prior art, the width of the hatches with gravel 8 has been increased, so that the width L ′ of the spreading zones of gravel 8 'in the transverse direction is equal to once and half the width L of the gravel spreading zones 8 'in the case of the device according to the prior art.

Dans ce cas, pour effectuer la réparation d'une zone 14 telle que représentée sur la figure 7, ayant une même largeur, on n'utilise que deux trappes à gravillons 8 dont l'ouverture assure l'épandage de gravillons suivant deux zones de largeur L' désignées comme zones d'épandage de gravillons T1 et T2.In this case, to repair a zone 14 as shown in FIG. 7, having the same width, only two are used gravel hatches 8, the opening of which ensures the spreading of the following gravel two zones of width L 'designated as gravel spreading zones T1 and T2.

Comme il est visible sur la figure 6, en vis-à-vis de chacune des zones d'épandage d'une trappe telle que T1 et T2, la rampe comporte trois buses 7a du premier ensemble et deux buses 7b du second ensemble intercalées chacune entre deux buses 7a du premier ensemble.As it can be seen in Figure 6, facing each of the zones spreading a hatch such as T1 and T2, the boom has three nozzles 7a of the first set and two nozzles 7b of the second set interposed each between two nozzles 7a of the first set.

Toutefois, une partie seulement des buses 7a et des buses 7b situées en vis-à-vis des zones d'épandage de gravillons T1 et T2 sont alimentées en bitume.However, only part of the nozzles 7a and nozzles 7b located facing the gravel spreading areas T1 and T2 are supplied with bitumen.

Sur la figure 6 (partie basse), on a représenté par un cercle noir les buses qui sont alimentées en liant bitumineux liquide et par un cercle blanc, les buses qui ne sont pas alimentées en liant bitumineux liquide pour l'utilisation du dispositif suivant l'invention pour la réalisation d'une réparation dans une zone 14 en forme de bande.In FIG. 6 (lower part), the black circles represent the nozzles which are supplied with liquid bituminous binder and by a white circle, nozzles which are not supplied with liquid bituminous binder for use of the device according to the invention for carrying out a repair in a zone 14 in the form of a strip.

Les quatre buses centrales 7a du premier ensemble de buses sont alimentées, de même que les deux buses 7b du second ensemble situées immédiatement avant la première buse alimentée 7a du premier ensemble et immédiatement après la dernière buse alimentée 7a du premier ensemble, dans la direction transversale, c'est-à-dire dans la direction longitudinale de la rampe et dans le sens allant de la gauche vers la droite sur la figure 6.The four central nozzles 7a of the first set of nozzles are supplied, as well as the two nozzles 7b of the second set located immediately before the first powered nozzle 7a of the first set and immediately after the last powered nozzle 7a of the first set, in the transverse direction, i.e. in the longitudinal direction of the ramp and in the direction from left to right in Figure 6.

De plus, comme représenté sur la figure 7 (partie haute), la rampe est placée à une hauteur H qui est la hauteur de rampe habituelle dans le cas de la réalisation de revêtements routiers de grande largeur pour l'entretien des routes. Cette hauteur est généralement de 50 % supérieure à la hauteur de rampe h utilisée dans le cas de travaux de point à temps avec des machines automatiques.In addition, as shown in Figure 7 (upper part), the ramp is placed at a height H which is the usual ramp height in the case the production of wide road surfaces for maintenance roads. This height is generally 50% higher than the height of ramp h used in the case of point-to-time work with machines automatic.

Les angles α des jets plats 12 sont tels, qu'en fonction de la hauteur H, les quatre jets centraux des buses 7a du premier ensemble ont chacun une zone d'impact s'étendant sur trois pas au niveau de la surface routière 10 et se recoupent de manière que les quatre pas centraux 13 de la zone d'impact présentent trois recouvrements de liant bitumineux liquide constitués par la superposition de trois jets.The angles α of the flat jets 12 are such that, as a function of the height H, the four central jets of the nozzles 7a of the first set each have an impact zone extending over three steps at the level of the road surface 10 and overlap so that the four central steps 13 of the zone impact have three recoveries of liquid bituminous binder constituted by the superposition of three jets.

Les deux buses 7b du second ensemble situées vers l'extérieur et de part et d'autre de l'ensemble des quatre buses alimentées 7a du premier ensemble sont alimentées en bitume à un débit sensiblement égal au débit d'alimentation des buses 7a et sont réalisées de manière que les jets 15 formés par ces buses de forme plate triangulaire et ayant un angle au sommet  recoupent la surface routière 10 suivant une zone d'impact d'une largeur de deux pas dans la directions transversale, compte tenu de la hauteur H de la rampe 6. De ce fait, les jets 15 recoupent deux jets 12 suivant un pas central 13 de la zone 14 et un seul jet 12, suivant un premier pas 15c et suivant un dernier pas 15d de la zone d'impact, dans la direction transversale en allant de la gauche vers la droite.The two nozzles 7b of the second assembly located towards the outside and of on either side of the set of four nozzles supplied 7a of the first all are supplied with bitumen at a flow rate substantially equal to the flow rate supply nozzles 7a and are made so that the jets 15 formed by these triangular flat shaped nozzles and having an apex angle  intersect the road surface 10 along an impact zone with a width two steps in the transverse directions, taking into account the height H of the ramp 6. As a result, the jets 15 intersect two jets 12 along a central step 13 of zone 14 and a single jet 12, following a first step 15c and following a final step 15d of the impact zone, in the transverse direction going from left to right.

Les jets 15 sont appelés jets de rive car ils permettent le recouvrement des rives de la zone 14, jusqu'à la limite exacte de la zone 14 dans la direction transversale, c'est-à-dire jusqu'aux limites de la zone d'épandage de gravillons.The jets 15 are called edge jets because they allow recovery from the shores of zone 14, to the exact limit of zone 14 in the transverse direction, i.e. to the limits of the spreading area gravel.

Du fait que les jets 12 produits par les buses du premier ensemble aux extrémités de la rangée de buses produisent eux-mêmes des jets parfaitement délimités à la zone de gravillonnage, le liant bitumineux liquide est parfaitement limité, dans la direction transversale, aux limites de la zone de gravillonnage. Aucune quantité de liant bitumineux n'est donc perdue de ce fait.Because the jets 12 produced by the nozzles of the first set at the ends of the row of nozzles themselves produce jets perfectly demarcated at the gravelling zone, the liquid bituminous binder is perfectly limited, in the transverse direction, to the limits of the gravelling. No amount of bituminous binder is therefore lost from this fact.

Comme il est visible sur la figure 6A, les buses 7b présentent une ouverture 19 dissymétrique de part et d'autre d'un plan 17 perpendiculaire à l'axe 18 de la rampe 6 passant par l'axe vertical 16 de la buse, la section de l'ouverture de la buse 7b de part et d'autre du plan 17 étant telle que le débit de la buse d'un côté du plan 17 soit égal au double du débit passant de l'autre côté du plan 17. Le jet 15 des buses 7b est donc formé de deux demi-jets 15a et 15b couvrant la surface routière chacun sur la largeur d'un pas et ayant des débits égaux respectivement à deux-tiers et un-tiers du débit total q d'alimentation de la buse 15. Si la buse est alimentée à un débit q, les deux demi-jets ont des débits respectifs de 2q/3 et q/3.As can be seen in FIG. 6A, the nozzles 7b have an opening 19 asymmetrical on either side of a plane 17 perpendicular to the axis 18 of the ramp 6 passing through the vertical axis 16 of the nozzle, the section of the opening of the nozzle 7b on either side of the plane 17 being such that the flow of the nozzle on one side of the plane 17 is equal to twice the flow passing on the other side of the plane 17. The jet 15 of the nozzles 7b is therefore formed of two half-jets 15a and 15b covering the road surface each over the width of one step and having flow rates of two-thirds and one-third of the total flow, respectively q nozzle supply 15. If the nozzle is supplied at a flow q, the two half-jets have respective flow rates of 2q / 3 and q / 3.

Les buses sont montées sur la rampe 6 de manière que la partie de la buse formant le demi-jet de débit maximal soit située vers l'extérieur de la rampe, c'est-à-dire dirigée vers une extrémité et la partie formant le demi-jet à débit minimal vers la partie centrale de la rampe 6.The nozzles are mounted on the ramp 6 so that the part of the nozzle forming the maximum flow half-jet is located towards the outside of the ramp, i.e. directed towards one end and the part forming the half-jet at minimum flow rate towards the central part of the boom 6.

Les parties de rives de la zone d'impact des jets de bitume s'étendant suivant les pas d'extrémité 15c et 15d comportent deux recouvrements de liant bitumineux, l'un des recouvrements étant formé par un débit 2q/3 et l'autre par un débit q/3 (le tiers du débit d'une buse 7a). Le recouvrement des pas d'extrémité 15c et 15d est donc analogue au recouvrement de tous les pas centraux 13 qui sont formés par trois recouvrements à débit q/3. La couche de recouvrement est donc parfaitement constante, ce qui assure une très bonne qualité du revêtement constitué de gravillons et de liant bitumineux.The edge portions of the impact area of the bitumen jets extending following the end steps 15c and 15d have two overlaps of bituminous binder, one of the recoveries being formed by a 2q / 3 flow and the other by a flow q / 3 (one third of the flow from a nozzle 7a). Recovery end steps 15c and 15d is therefore analogous to covering all the central steps 13 which are formed by three overlaps at flow q / 3. The covering layer is therefore perfectly constant, which ensures a very good quality of the coating consisting of gravel and bituminous binder.

Comme il est visible sur la figure 7 (partie basse), l'ensemble de la zone 14 dans laquelle on effectue la réparation est d'une parfaite qualité, puisque la couche de bitume est d'épaisseur constante sur toute la surface routière. Les zones latérales 14c et 14d correspondant aux pas 15c et 15d de la zone d'impact sur les rives de la bande dans laquelle on effectue la réparation présentent seulement deux recouvrements de bitume mais une densité de bitume analogue à la zone centrale, ce qui fournit un parfait accrochage pour les gravillons sur les rives de la bande de réparation. En outre, aucune coulure de bitume n'est produite en dehors de la zone 14 dont la largeur correspond à la zone d'épandage des gravillons.As can be seen in Figure 7 (lower part), the whole of the zone 14 in which the repair is carried out is of perfect quality, since the bitumen layer is of constant thickness over the entire surface road. The lateral zones 14c and 14d corresponding to the steps 15c and 15d of the impact zone on the edges of the strip in which the repair have only two bitumen coverings but one bitumen density similar to the central area, which provides perfect bonding for gravel on the banks of the repair strip. In addition, no bitumen flow is produced outside of zone 14, the width corresponds to the spreading area of the gravel.

Le dispositif suivant l'invention permet donc de réaliser une réparation sur une largeur de la surface routière égale à un multiple entier de la largeur d'épandage d'une trappe à gravillons qui est elle-même sensiblement égale à trois fois le pas d'écartement des buses du premier ensemble de buses, avec une densité surfacique de bitume constante dans une zone centrale de la bande de réparation dans deux zones de rives dont les limites correspondent précisément aux limites de la zone d'épandage de gravillons.The device according to the invention therefore makes it possible to carry out a repair over a width of the road surface equal to an integer multiple of the width spreading of a gravel trap which is itself substantially equal at three times the spacing step of the nozzles of the first set of nozzles, with a constant surface density of bitumen in a central area of the repair strip in two shoreline zones whose limits correspond precisely at the limits of the gravel spreading zone.

On a décrit l'invention dans le cas où l'on réalise une réparation sur une bande d'une largeur égale à deux largeurs d'épandage de gravillons ou encore à six pas d'écartement des buses du premier ensemble de la rampe. Il est possible d'effectuer des réparations sur des bandes qui ont, de manière générale, une largeur égale à un multiple entier égal à deux ou supérieur de la largeur d'épandage d'une trappe du gravillonneur. Dans le cas d'une bande d'une largeur égale à trois fois la largeur d'épandage d'une trappe 8 du gravillonneur, on alimente sept buses 7a successives du premier ensemble de buses et deux buses de rives 7b du second ensemble de part et d'autre des sept buses du premier ensemble alimentées en liant bitumineux.The invention has been described in the case where a repair is carried out on a strip with a width equal to two widths of spreading gravel or still six steps apart from the nozzles of the first set of the boom. It is possible to carry out repairs on tapes which have general, a width equal to an integer multiple equal to two or more the spreading width of a gravel trap. In the case a strip with a width equal to three times the spreading width of a hatch 8 of the gravel spreader, seven successive nozzles 7a of the first are supplied set of nozzles and two edge nozzles 7b of the second set of on either side of the seven nozzles of the first set supplied with bituminous binder.

Dans le cas d'une bande ayant la largeur de quatre largeurs d'épandage de trappes à gravillons du gravillonneur, on alimente dix buses 7a du premier ensemble et deux buses de rives.In the case of a strip having the width of four spreading widths gravel traps, one feeds ten nozzles 7a of the first set and two shore nozzles.

Comme il est visible sur la figure 8, dans le cas d'une bande de réparation ayant la largeur de deux zones d'épandage de gravillons T1 et T2, les deux zones T1 et T2 de la zone de réparation ont un dosage en bitume de 100 % qui correspond à trois recouvrements par des jets de bitume 12 ou deux recouvrements par des jets 12 et un recouvrement par un demi-jet intérieur 15b d'une buse 7b ou encore un recouvrement par un jet 12 et un recouvrement par un demi-jet extérieur 15a d'une buse 7b.As shown in Figure 8, in the case of a repair strip having the width of two gravel spreading zones T1 and T2, the two areas T1 and T2 of the repair area have a bitumen dosage of 100% which corresponds to three recoveries with bitumen jets 12 or two overlaps by jets 12 and one overlap by an interior half-jet 15b of a nozzle 7b or a cover by a jet 12 and a cover by an external half-jet 15a of a nozzle 7b.

Le dispositif suivant l'invention permet donc de réaliser des bandes de réparation de qualité parfaite, avec un réglage de largeur correspondant à un multiple de la largeur d'épandage d'une trappe du gravillonneur correspondant à trois pas d'écartement des buses du premier ensemble de buses, cette largeur unitaire pouvant être de l'ordre de 300 mm. Le dispositif est en particulier bien adapté au cas classique de réparation sur des bandes de largeur 600 mm. Dans ce cas, en plus des avantages concernant la qualité de réalisation de la bande de réparation, on obtient des avantages économiques substantiels en évitant de gaspiller le liant bitumineux et les gravillons. Pour des travaux de 600 mm de large, on a pu montrer qu'on économisait jusqu'à 16 % de liant et 16 % de gravillons.The device according to the invention therefore makes it possible to produce strips of perfect quality repair, with a width adjustment corresponding to a multiple of the spreading width of a corresponding gravel trap door three steps apart from the nozzles of the first set of nozzles, this unit width can be of the order of 300 mm. The device is in particular well suited to the classic case of repair on strips of width 600 mm. In this case, in addition to the quality advantages of the repair strip, economic advantages are obtained substantial by avoiding wasting the bituminous binder and the gravel. For works 600 mm wide, we were able to show that we were saving up to 16% binder and 16% gravel.

Le dispositif selon l'invention peut comporter un gravillonneur d'un type quelconque pourvu que ce gravillonneur comporte un dispositif de réglage de la largeur de gravillonnage à partir de trappes dont on commande l'ouverture et la fermeture.The device according to the invention can include a gravel any type as long as this gravel spreader includes an adjustment device the gravel width from hatches which are controlled opening and closing.

Le gravillonneur peut fonctionner sur la base de tout principe de dosage et de guidage des gravillons et en particulier le dispositif suivant l'invention peut comporter un gravillonneur à dosage gravitaire, à rouleaux diffuseurs, à rouleaux doseurs avec ou sans système de bavette et de contre-bavette. Comme indiqué plus haut, la largeur d'épandage des gravillons déversés par chacune des trappes peut être sensiblement égale ou supérieure à la largeur d'une trappe.The gravel spreader can operate on the basis of any dosing principle and guiding the gravel and in particular the device according to the invention can include a gravity gravity gravel spreader, with diffusing rollers, with metering rollers with or without flap and counter flap system. As indicated above, the spreading width of the spilled gravel by each of the hatches can be substantially equal or greater the width of a hatch.

Dans le cas du mode de réalisation décrit, les buses du second ensemble intercalées entre les buses du premier ensemble qui sont alimentées pour fournir les jets de rives sont disposées à égale distance des jets du premier ensemble. Les jets de rives 15 sont, dans ce cas, des jets symétriques constitués de deux demi-jets d'angle au sommet /2. Il est possible également de disposer les buses du second ensemble entre les buses du premier ensemble dans la direction transversale à des distances différentes des deux buses du premier ensemble entre lesquelles elles sont intercalées. Dans ce cas, on forme des jets de rives asymétriques constitués de deux demi-jets d'angles au sommet différents destinés à recouvrir deux pas de la zone d'impact dans la direction transversale.In the case of the embodiment described, the nozzles of the second set interposed between the nozzles of the first set which are supplied to supply the shore jets are arranged equidistant from the jets of the first set. The edge jets 15 are, in this case, symmetrical jets consisting of two angle half-jets at the top  / 2. It is possible also to arrange the nozzles of the second set between the nozzles of the first set in the transverse direction at different distances of the two nozzles of the first set between which they are interposed. In this case, we form asymmetrical shore jets made up of two half jets of different angles at the top intended to cover two steps of the impact zone in the transverse direction.

Dans le cas du mode de réalisation décrit, les buses du premier ensemble 7a et les buses du second ensemble 7b sont fixées sur un même corps de la rampe 6. La rampe peut également comporter deux corps de rampes parallèles et placés en vis-à-vis suivant la direction transversale. Dans ce cas, il est possible d'implanter le premier ensemble de buses 7a sur un premier corps de rampe et le second ensemble de buses 7b sur le second corps de rampe parallèle au premier.In the case of the embodiment described, the nozzles of the first set 7a and the nozzles of the second set 7b are fixed on the same body of the ramp 6. The ramp may also include two body parallel ramps and placed opposite in the transverse direction. In this case, it is possible to install the first set of nozzles 7a on a first boom body and the second set of nozzles 7b on the second ramp body parallel to the first.

Dans tous les cas, les buses et en particulier les buses du second ensemble sont commandées et alimentées indépendamment les unes des autres.In all cases, the nozzles and in particular the nozzles of the second together are controlled and supplied independently of each other other.

L'invention s'applique principalement aux travaux de réparation du type point à temps ; toutefois, ces réparations peuvent être effectuées sur des bandes de largeur quelconque.The invention mainly applies to repair work on the point-in-time type; however, these repairs can be done on strips of any width.

Claims (6)

Dispositif d'épandage de liant liquide et de gravillons à l'arrière d'un engin routier (1) comportant au moins une rampe (6) d'épandage de liant fixée sur une partie arrière de l'engin routier (1), dans une direction transversale, et ayant un premier ensemble de buses (7) d'épandage de liant réparties suivant la longueur de la rampe (6) dans la direction transversale avec un pas (P) d'écartement constant, dirigées vers une surface routière (10) sur laquelle se déplace l'engin routier (1) et des moyens réglables (4) d'alimentation de la rampe (6) en liant, de manière à alimenter tout ou partie des buses (7a) du premier ensemble pour former à la sortie de chacune des buses (7a) un jet plat (12) ayant un angle au sommet (α) tel, qu'en fonction de la hauteur (H) de la rampe (6) au-dessus de la surface routière (10), chaque jet (12) a une surface d'impact sur la surface routière (10) d'une largeur d'à peu près trois pas dans la direction transversale et que les jets (12) du premier ensemble de buses se recoupent de manière que, pour chacun des pas (13) successifs des surfaces d'impact des jets (12), dans la direction transversale, trois jets (12) se superposent, et un gravillonneur (5) fixé à l'arrière de l'engin routier (1), dans une disposition transversale en vis-à-vis de la rampe d'épandage de liant (6), pour l'épandage de gravillons, comportant une pluralité de trappes (8) d'égale largeur juxtaposées dans la direction transversale et associées à des moyens de commande (9), pour leur ouverture ou leur fermeture, de manière à permettre ou interdire le passage d'un flux de gravillons (8') ayant une largeur constante d'à peu près trois pas sur la surface routière (10) pour chacune des trappes (8) et à régler la largeur totale d'épandage du gravillonneur (5) par ouverture de tout ou partie des trappes (8), caractérisé par le fait que : la rampe d'épandage de liant (6) comporte, de plus, un second ensemble de buses (7b) intercalées chacune entre deux buses (7a) successives du premier ensemble de buses dans la direction transversale et réalisées de manière à produire, lorsqu'elles sont alimentées en liant par les moyens d'alimentation réglables (4) de la rampe (6), chacune un premier et un second demi-jets successifs suivant la direction transversale ayant chacun une surface d'impact d'une largeur sensiblement égale à un pas dans la direction transversale, adjacents de part et d'autre d'un axe (16) de la buse (7b) perpendiculaire à la direction transversale, le premier demi-jet (15a) situé vers l'extrémité de la rampe (6) ayant un débit sensiblement égal au double du débit du second demi-jet (15b) situé du côté de la partie centrale de la rampe (6), et les moyens d'alimentation (4) de la rampe (6) en liant sont prévus pour assurer une alimentation sélective de buses (7b) du second ensemble avec un débit sensiblement égal au débit d'alimentation des buses (7a) du premier ensemble, de manière qu'on effectue un épandage de gravillons et de liant sur une largeur de surface routière (10) égale à un multiple de la largeur d'épandage d'une trappe (8) avec une superposition de deux jets de liant sur un pas (15c, 15d) à chacune des extrémités de la largeur de surface routière (10) et une superposition de trois jets (15, 12) sur tous les autres pas (13), centraux de la largeur de surface routière (10) et avec épandage de trois jets de liant pour chacune des largeurs d'épandage d'un flux de gravillons (8') d'une trappe (8) du gravillonneur (5). Device for spreading liquid binder and gravel at the rear of a road vehicle (1) comprising at least one ramp (6) for spreading binder fixed on a rear part of the road vehicle (1), in a transverse direction, and having a first set of nozzles (7) for spreading binder distributed along the length of the ramp (6) in the transverse direction with a pitch (P) of constant spacing, directed towards a road surface ( 10) on which the road vehicle (1) moves and adjustable means (4) for supplying the ramp (6) by binding, so as to supply all or part of the nozzles (7a) of the first set to form the outlet of each of the nozzles (7a) a flat jet (12) having an apex angle (α) such that, as a function of the height (H) of the ramp (6) above the road surface (10 ), each jet (12) has an impact surface on the road surface (10) with a width of approximately three steps in the transverse direction and that the jets (12 ) of the first set of nozzles overlap so that, for each of the successive steps (13) of the impact surfaces of the jets (12), in the transverse direction, three jets (12) are superimposed, and a gravel spreader (5) fixed to the rear of the road vehicle (1), in a transverse arrangement opposite the binder spreading ramp (6), for spreading gravel, comprising a plurality of hatches (8 ) of equal width juxtaposed in the transverse direction and associated with control means (9), for their opening or closing, so as to allow or prohibit the passage of a flow of gravel (8 ') having a constant width about three steps on the road surface (10) for each of the hatches (8) and to adjust the total spreading width of the gravel spreader (5) by opening all or part of the hatches (8), characterized by the fact that : the binder spreading ramp (6) further comprises a second set of nozzles (7b) each interposed between two successive nozzles (7a) of the first set of nozzles in the transverse direction and produced so as to produce, when they are supplied by linking by the adjustable supply means (4) of the ramp (6), each a first and a second successive half-jets in the transverse direction each having an impact surface of a width substantially equal to a step in the transverse direction, adjacent to either side of an axis (16) of the nozzle (7b) perpendicular to the transverse direction, the first half-jet (15a) located towards the end of the ramp ( 6) having a flow rate substantially equal to twice the flow rate of the second half-jet (15b) located on the side of the central part of the ramp (6), and the binder supply means (4) of the ramp (6) are provided to provide selective supply of nozzles (7b) of the second set with a flow rate substantially equal to the supply flow rate of the nozzles (7a) of the first set, so that spreading of gravel and binder is carried out over a width of road surface (10) equal to a multiple of the spreading width of a hatch (8) with a superposition of two jets of binder on one step (15c, 15d) at each end of the road surface width (10) and a superposition of three jets (15, 12) on all the other steps (13), central to the road surface width (10) and with spreading of three binder jets for each of the spreading widths of a gravel flow (8 ') of a trap door (8) of the gravel spreader (5). Dispositif suivant la revendication 1, caractérisé par le fait que les trappes (8) du gravillonneur déversent des gravillons directement sur la surface routière (10), la largeur d'épandage du flux de gravillons (8) d'une trappe (8) étant sensiblement égale à la largeur de la trappe (8) dans la direction transversale.Device according to claim 1, characterized by the fact that the gravel trap doors (8) pour gravel directly onto the road surface (10), the width of spreading of the gravel flow (8) of a trap door (8) being substantially equal to the width of the hatch (8) in the transverse direction. Dispositif suivant la revendication 1, caractérisé par le fait que les trappes (8) du gravillonneur sont associées à l'un au moins d'un rouleau diffuseur (11), d'un rouleau doseur ou d'une bavette ou contre-bavette, et que la largeur du flux de gravillons (8) sur la surface routière (10) est supérieure à la largeur des trappes (8) du gravillonneur (5).Device according to claim 1, characterized in that the hatches (8) of the gravel spreader are associated with at least one of a diffusing roller (11), a metering roller or a flap or counter flap, and that the width of the gravel flow (8) on the road surface (10) is greater than the width of the hatches (8) of the gravel spreader (5). Dispositif suivant l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 3, caractérisé par le fait que les buses du premier ensemble (7a) et les buses du second ensemble (7b) sont disposées sur un même corps de la rampe (6).Device according to any one of Claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the nozzles of the first set (7a) and the nozzles of the second set (7b) are arranged on the same body of the ramp (6). Dispositif suivant l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 3, caractérisé par le fait que les buses (7a) du premier ensemble sont disposées sur un premier corps de rampe et les buses (7b) du second ensemble sur un second corps de la rampe (6) parallèle au premier corps de rampe. Device according to any one of Claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the nozzles (7a) of the first set are arranged on a first ramp body and the nozzles (7b) of the second set on a second body of the ramp ( 6) parallel to the first ramp body. Dispositif suivant l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 5, caractérisé par le fait que les buses (7b) du second ensemble sont disposées chacune à égale distance des buses (7a) du premier ensemble entre lesquelles elles sont intercalées dans la direction transversale.Device according to any one of Claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the nozzles (7b) of the second set are each arranged at equal distance from the nozzles (7a) of the first set between which they are interposed in the transverse direction.
EP03292876A 2002-11-25 2003-11-19 Device for spreading liquid binder and aggregate from the back of a road working apparatus Expired - Lifetime EP1422346B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR0214760 2002-11-25
FR0214760A FR2847597A1 (en) 2002-11-25 2002-11-25 Disperser for liquid road repair binder has main and sub arrays of nozzles with latter between each pair of main nozzles to produce partial sprays
FR0309616 2003-08-04
FR0309616A FR2847598B1 (en) 2002-11-25 2003-08-04 DEVICE FOR SPREADING LIQUID BINDER AND GRAVELS AT THE BACK OF A ROAD WORKS MACHINE

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EP1422346A1 true EP1422346A1 (en) 2004-05-26
EP1422346B1 EP1422346B1 (en) 2008-04-23

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EP (1) EP1422346B1 (en)
CN (1) CN1502749A (en)
AT (1) ATE393264T1 (en)
DE (1) DE60320510D1 (en)
FR (1) FR2847598B1 (en)

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CN103774531A (en) * 2014-01-20 2014-05-07 南通东南公路工程有限公司 Laminated plate type spreading mechanism
CN105386390A (en) * 2015-10-28 2016-03-09 徐州徐工筑路机械有限公司 Automatic energy-saving control system for slurry sealing machine
CN106465597A (en) * 2015-08-21 2017-03-01 樱田农机科技（泰州）有限公司 Plant protection spray fertilizer machine spray fertilizer pipe
CN112982090A (en) * 2021-04-25 2021-06-18 哈尔滨学院 Photocatalytic oxidation pavement soil restoration spreading device

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CN100464023C (en) * 2007-03-26 2009-02-25 长安大学 Synchronizing breakstone sealer
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CN112982090A (en) * 2021-04-25 2021-06-18 哈尔滨学院 Photocatalytic oxidation pavement soil restoration spreading device

Also Published As

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FR2847598B1 (en) 2005-03-04
FR2847598A1 (en) 2004-05-28
ATE393264T1 (en) 2008-05-15
EP1422346B1 (en) 2008-04-23
DE60320510D1 (en) 2008-06-05
US20040151545A1 (en) 2004-08-05
CN1502749A (en) 2004-06-09
US6802464B2 (en) 2004-10-12

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