EP1417199A1 - Neue modifikationen des trometamolsalzes der r-thioctsäure sowie verfahren zu ihrer herstellung - Google Patents
Neue modifikationen des trometamolsalzes der r-thioctsäure sowie verfahren zu ihrer herstellungInfo
- Publication number
- EP1417199A1 EP1417199A1 EP20020743253 EP02743253A EP1417199A1 EP 1417199 A1 EP1417199 A1 EP 1417199A1 EP 20020743253 EP20020743253 EP 20020743253 EP 02743253 A EP02743253 A EP 02743253A EP 1417199 A1 EP1417199 A1 EP 1417199A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- modification
- preparation
- mixtures
- addition
- straight
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 173
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 173
- 229960002663 thioctic acid Drugs 0.000 title claims abstract description 36
- LENZDBCJOHFCAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tris Chemical class OCC(N)(CO)CO LENZDBCJOHFCAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 11
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- 239000000825 pharmaceutical preparation Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 79
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 claims description 31
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 28
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 25
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 23
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 18
- 229960000281 trometamol Drugs 0.000 claims description 18
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims description 16
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000001953 recrystallisation Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylformamide Chemical compound CN(C)C=O ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000008025 crystallization Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000000269 nucleophilic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002798 polar solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000012442 inert solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000010 aprotic solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000969 carrier Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- IYWCBYFJFZCCGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N formamide;hydrate Chemical compound O.NC=O IYWCBYFJFZCCGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- 239000012454 non-polar solvent Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 230000035484 reaction time Effects 0.000 claims 1
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 47
- 239000012452 mother liquor Substances 0.000 description 14
- XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acetate Chemical compound CCOC(C)=O XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- GEHJYWRUCIMESM-UHFFFAOYSA-L sodium sulfite Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])=O GEHJYWRUCIMESM-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 10
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 10
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 8
- XDTMQSROBMDMFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cyclohexane Chemical compound C1CCCCC1 XDTMQSROBMDMFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- IMNFDUFMRHMDMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Heptane Chemical compound CCCCCCC IMNFDUFMRHMDMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- IZFHEQBZOYJLPK-SSDOTTSWSA-N (R)-dihydrolipoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCCC[C@@H](S)CCS IZFHEQBZOYJLPK-SSDOTTSWSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 235000010265 sodium sulphite Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 4
- ZWEHNKRNPOVVGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Butanone Chemical compound CCC(C)=O ZWEHNKRNPOVVGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000011081 inoculation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000001226 reprecipitation Methods 0.000 description 3
- KBPLFHHGFOOTCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-Octanol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCO KBPLFHHGFOOTCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XTHFKEDIFFGKHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethoxyethane Chemical compound COCCOC XTHFKEDIFFGKHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 206010022489 Insulin Resistance Diseases 0.000 description 2
- KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropanol Chemical compound CC(C)O KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FXHOOIRPVKKKFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylacetamide Chemical compound CN(C)C(C)=O FXHOOIRPVKKKFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004480 active ingredient Substances 0.000 description 2
- 206010012601 diabetes mellitus Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000706 filtrate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 208000018914 glucose metabolism disease Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 2
- VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Hexane Chemical compound CCCCCC VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010992 reflux Methods 0.000 description 2
- 208000001072 type 2 diabetes mellitus Diseases 0.000 description 2
- WSLDOOZREJYCGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-Dichloroethane Chemical compound ClCCCl WSLDOOZREJYCGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000013543 active substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003110 anti-inflammatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002830 appetite depressant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002775 capsule Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001120 cytoprotective effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000113 differential scanning calorimetry Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001938 differential scanning calorimetry curve Methods 0.000 description 1
- IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl carbonate Chemical compound COC(=O)OC IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000010309 melting process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011877 solvent mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D339/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing rings having two sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
- C07D339/02—Five-membered rings
- C07D339/04—Five-membered rings having the hetero atoms in positions 1 and 2, e.g. lipoic acid
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P3/00—Drugs for disorders of the metabolism
Definitions
- the invention relates to new modifications of the trometamol seed of R-thioctic acid of the formula I,
- This compound is, for example, anti-inflammatory and cytoprotective (EP 427247) and is used for the treatment of diabetes mellitus and insulin resistance (DE 4,343,593) as well as for glucose metabolism disorders of the CNS (DE 4,343,592) and as an appetite suppressant (DE 19.818.563) used and can therefore be used in pharmaceutical preparations (EP 702953).
- the requirements for an active ingredient with regard to the physicochemical properties relevant for galenical processability and bioavailability are determined both by the type and the manufacturing technology of the respective pharmaceutical preparation.
- the physicochemical properties significantly influence the galenic processability and bioavailability.
- the invention is therefore based on the object of providing compound I in various modifications and mixtures thereof in accordance with the pharmaceutical requirements.
- the two modifications have different physicochemical properties.
- the characteristic X-ray powder diffractograms are used.
- the modifications also differ in their DSC curves (Differential Scanning Calorimetry), by the typical crystal shapes, the different solubilities or dissolution rates and the different flowability.
- Solvents such as lower alcohols, octanol and acetone and their
- R-thioctic acid polymerizes easily and tends to react in this way, especially in polar media.
- modifications A and B of the compound I and their mixtures of any composition can be obtained either by salt formation of R-thioctic acid with trometamol in suitable polar solvents such as, for example, lower alcohols as well as by modification conversion under special reaction conditions.
- nucleophilic compounds such as e.g. Sodium sulfite or 6,8-dimercaptooctanoic acid, in the salt formation with R-thioctic acid as the main product produced according to synthesis route a, the modification B.
- modifications can also be made by modification conversion, whereby a complete or partial conversion from A to B and from B to A can take place.
- a melt of modification A preferably about 10 to 40 min at about 115-130 ° C, in particular 15 to 25 min at about 115-120 ° C, and crystallization by Cooling.
- modifications A and B and their mixtures can be processed in a conventional manner with suitable carriers and / or auxiliaries to give pharmaceutical preparations.
- suitable carriers and / or auxiliaries to give pharmaceutical preparations.
- Preferred forms of use are tablets and capsules.
- Diacel filter aid
- Example 6 25.8 g (0.125 mol) of R-thioctic acid (prepared by method b) were dissolved in 375 ml of ethanol (anhydrous). Subsequently, 15.13 g (0.125 mol) of trometamol were introduced and the mixture was heated with stirring at 50-55 ° C. until dissolved.
- Diacel 1 g was stirred at 53-55 ° C for 20 min, suction filtered and the solution slowly cooled.
- Example 24 10 g of I, modification A, were dissolved in 30 ml of ethanol (96%) at 55 ° C. The mixture was then concentrated on a rotary evaporator to a maximum bath temperature of 100 ° C., finally under vacuum. The oil crystallized on cooling: mixture (approx. 1: 1) of modifications A and B, yield quantitative.
- R-thioctic acid prepared by process b
- 100 g of R-thioctic acid were dissolved in a mixture consisting of 760 ml of cyclohexane and 40 ml of water-saturated ethyl acetate (water content: 3.2%) at 40-42 ° C.
- the product was filtered with suction, slowly cooled to -5 ° C., stirred at this temperature for 1 h, suction filtered, washed with cyclohexane and dried at 30 ° C.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
- Pharmacology & Pharmacy (AREA)
- Obesity (AREA)
- Diabetes (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Bioinformatics & Cheminformatics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Hematology (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
- Pharmaceuticals Containing Other Organic And Inorganic Compounds (AREA)
- Heterocyclic Compounds Containing Sulfur Atoms (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE10137381A DE10137381A1 (de) | 2001-07-31 | 2001-07-31 | Neue Modifikationen des Trometamolsalzes der R-Thioctsäure sowie Verfahren zu ihrer Herstellung |
| DE10137381 | 2001-07-31 | ||
| PCT/EP2002/007310 WO2003011852A1 (de) | 2001-07-31 | 2002-07-02 | Neue modifikationen des trometamolsalzes der r-thioctsäure sowie verfahren zu ihrer herstellung |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP1417199A1 true EP1417199A1 (de) | 2004-05-12 |
Family
ID=7693786
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP20020743253 Withdrawn EP1417199A1 (de) | 2001-07-31 | 2002-07-02 | Neue modifikationen des trometamolsalzes der r-thioctsäure sowie verfahren zu ihrer herstellung |
Country Status (8)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (3) | US6844449B2 (de) |
| EP (1) | EP1417199A1 (de) |
| JP (1) | JP2005506969A (de) |
| KR (1) | KR100913684B1 (de) |
| CN (2) | CN1309718C (de) |
| CA (1) | CA2451979C (de) |
| DE (1) | DE10137381A1 (de) |
| WO (1) | WO2003011852A1 (de) |
Families Citing this family (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE10201464B4 (de) * | 2002-01-16 | 2005-06-16 | Viatris Gmbh & Co. Kg | Verfahren zur Herstellung reiner Thioctsäure |
| US20070299093A1 (en) * | 2005-01-27 | 2007-12-27 | Alma Mater Studiorum-Universitá Di Bologna | Organic Compounds Useful for the Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease, Their Use and Method of Preparation |
| CA2595994A1 (en) * | 2005-01-27 | 2006-08-03 | Alma Mater Studiorum - Universita' Di Bologna | Organic compounds useful for the treatment of alzheimer's disease, their use and method of preparation |
| JP2012510511A (ja) * | 2008-12-01 | 2012-05-10 | インヴアスク セラピューテイックス インコーポレイテッド | レニン−アンジオテンシン−アルドステロン系阻害剤及びリポ酸化合物を含有する組成物、並びに、レニン−アンジオテンシン−アルドステロン系に関連した疾患の治療のためのそれらの使用 |
| KR100935554B1 (ko) | 2009-06-24 | 2010-01-07 | 주식회사 셀트리온제약 | 피페라진 다이티옥트산염 및 이를 포함하는 약제학적 조성물 |
| IT1399923B1 (it) * | 2010-05-11 | 2013-05-09 | Cbb Net S A | Procedimento di preparazione di sali dell'acido (r) alfa-lipoico loro formulazione ed uso nelle composizioni farmaceutiche in forma di compresse che li contengono |
| CN105622571A (zh) * | 2016-03-08 | 2016-06-01 | 苏州富士莱医药股份有限公司 | 一种r-硫辛酸氨基丁三醇盐的制备方法 |
| CN113200959A (zh) * | 2020-12-16 | 2021-08-03 | 南京海融制药有限公司 | 一种硫辛酸氨丁三醇盐晶型及其制备方法 |
| CN113197845A (zh) * | 2020-12-16 | 2021-08-03 | 南京海融制药有限公司 | 一种硫辛酸氨丁三醇注射液及其制备方法 |
Family Cites Families (18)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| ES323195A1 (es) * | 1966-02-17 | 1966-12-01 | Ferrer Labor | Procedimiento de obtenciën de compuestos de acciën antiacidëtica |
| PT95826B (pt) | 1989-11-09 | 1997-11-28 | Asta Medica Ag | Processo para a preparacao de composicoes farmaceuticas contendo como ingrediente activo acido r-alfa-liponico ou acido s-alfa-liponico |
| DE4037440A1 (de) | 1990-11-24 | 1992-05-27 | Basf Ag | Verfahren zur herstellung von (6s)-6,8-dihydroxyoctansaeureestern |
| DE4137773A1 (de) | 1991-11-16 | 1993-05-19 | Degussa | Herstellung und verwendung von salzen der reinen enantiomere der (alpha)-liponsaeure |
| DE4235912C2 (de) * | 1992-10-23 | 2002-12-05 | Viatris Gmbh | Verfahren zur Herstellung kristalliner Thioctsäure und deren Verwendung |
| DE4343592C2 (de) | 1993-12-21 | 1998-04-16 | Asta Medica Ag | Verwendung von R-(+)-alpha-Liponsäure und dessen Metaboliten in Form der freien Säure oder als Salze oder Ester oder Amide zur Behandlung von Glukosestoffwechselstörungen des zentralen Nervensystems |
| DE4343593C2 (de) | 1993-12-21 | 1998-05-20 | Asta Medica Ag | Verwendung von R-(+)-alpha-Liponsäure, R-(-)-Dihydroliponsäure oder der Metabolite sowie deren Salze, Ester, Amide zur Behandlung kompensierter und dekompensierter Insulinresistenz |
| DE4433764A1 (de) * | 1994-09-22 | 1996-03-28 | Asta Medica Ag | Darreichungsformen enthaltend alpha-Liponsäure, feste Salze von R-Thioctsäure mit verbesserter Freisetzung und Bioverfügbarkeit |
| DE19533882A1 (de) | 1995-09-13 | 1997-03-20 | Dresden Arzneimittel | Herstellung und Verwendung der reinen Enantiomere der 8-Halogen-6-hydroxyoctansäuren, ihrer Alkylester und ihrer Salze mit reinen Enantiomeren des alpha-Methylbenzylamins |
| DE19533881A1 (de) | 1995-09-13 | 1997-03-20 | Dresden Arzneimittel | Herstellung und Verwendung der reinen Enantiomere der 8-Chlor-6-sulfonyloxy-octansäuren und ihrer Alkylester und der reinen Enantiomere der 6,8-Dichlor-octansäure und ihrer Alkylester |
| DE19709069C2 (de) | 1997-03-06 | 2000-04-06 | Asta Medica Ag | Enantiomerenreine 3-Hydroxyoctandisäurediester, Verfahren zur Herstellung derselben durch asymmetrische katalytische Hydrierung sowie Verfahren zur Herstellung von R-(+)- und S-(-)-alpha-Liponsäure |
| DE19818563C2 (de) | 1998-04-25 | 2003-04-17 | Sueddeutsche Kalkstickstoff | Verwendung von alpha-Liponsäure zur Verringerung des Appetits und/oder zur Körpergewichtsreduzierung |
| DE19834608A1 (de) * | 1998-07-31 | 2000-02-03 | Basf Ag | Kristallmodifikation der Liponsäure |
| AR042572A1 (es) * | 1999-04-02 | 2005-06-29 | Sod Conseils Rech Applic | Derivados de acido lipoico, procedimiento para su preparacion, medicamentos y composiciones farmaceuticas que los contienen y utilizacion de dichos derivados para la preparacion de los referidos medicamentos |
| WO2001025226A1 (en) * | 1999-10-05 | 2001-04-12 | Bethesda Pharmaceuticals, Inc. | Dithiolane derivatives |
| US6387945B2 (en) * | 2000-04-11 | 2002-05-14 | The Regents Of The University Of California | Lipoic acid analogs |
| IT1319194B1 (it) * | 2000-10-10 | 2003-09-26 | Laboratorio Chimico Int Spa | Processo per la produzione dell'acido tiottico racemo. |
| IT1319195B1 (it) * | 2000-10-10 | 2003-09-26 | Laboratorio Chimico Int Spa | Processo per la produzione dell'acido r(+)alfa-lipoico. |
-
2001
- 2001-07-31 DE DE10137381A patent/DE10137381A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
2002
- 2002-07-02 EP EP20020743253 patent/EP1417199A1/de not_active Withdrawn
- 2002-07-02 CN CNB02815066XA patent/CN1309718C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2002-07-02 JP JP2003517044A patent/JP2005506969A/ja active Pending
- 2002-07-02 CA CA2451979A patent/CA2451979C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2002-07-02 WO PCT/EP2002/007310 patent/WO2003011852A1/de not_active Ceased
- 2002-07-02 CN CNB2006100050932A patent/CN100410248C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2002-07-02 KR KR1020047001501A patent/KR100913684B1/ko not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2002-07-30 US US10/207,201 patent/US6844449B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2004
- 2004-06-18 US US10/870,157 patent/US7030251B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2004-06-30 US US10/879,092 patent/US20050004208A1/en not_active Abandoned
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| See references of WO03011852A1 * |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| US7030251B2 (en) | 2006-04-18 |
| WO2003011852A1 (de) | 2003-02-13 |
| HK1098743A1 (zh) | 2007-07-27 |
| US20050004208A1 (en) | 2005-01-06 |
| KR20040043171A (ko) | 2004-05-22 |
| US20040225007A1 (en) | 2004-11-11 |
| KR100913684B1 (ko) | 2009-08-24 |
| US6844449B2 (en) | 2005-01-18 |
| CN1869033A (zh) | 2006-11-29 |
| CA2451979C (en) | 2011-09-13 |
| CN1537109A (zh) | 2004-10-13 |
| CA2451979A1 (en) | 2003-02-13 |
| JP2005506969A (ja) | 2005-03-10 |
| CN100410248C (zh) | 2008-08-13 |
| CN1309718C (zh) | 2007-04-11 |
| DE10137381A1 (de) | 2003-02-13 |
| US20030050332A1 (en) | 2003-03-13 |
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