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  • C07D401/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom containing two hetero rings
  • C07D401/12—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom containing two hetero rings linked by a chain containing hetero atoms as chain links

Definitions

• This invention relates generally to novel 5- substituted-indeno [1, 2-c]pyrazol-4-ones which are useful as cyclin dependent kinase (cdk) inhibitors, pharmaceutical compositions comprising the same, kits and methods for using the same for treating proliferative diseases, and intermediates and processes for making the same.
• cdk cyclin dependent kinase
• kinase catalytic subunit
• cyclin regulatory subunit
• Each transition of the cell cycle is regulated by a particular cdk complex: Gl/S by cdk2/cyclin E, cdk4/cyclin Dl and cdk6/cyclinD2 ; S/G2 by cdk2/cyclin A and cdkl/cyclin A; G2/M by cdkl/B.
• the coordinated activity of these kinases guides the individual cells through the replication process and ensures the vitality of each subsequent generation
• inhibitors include pl6 INK ⁇ (an inhibitor of cdk4/Dl), p21 IP1 (a general cdk inhibitor), and p27 KIP1 (a specific cdk2/E inhibitor) .
• pl6 INK ⁇ an inhibitor of cdk4/Dl
• p21 IP1 a general cdk inhibitor
• p27 KIP1 a specific cdk2/E inhibitor
• a recent crystal structure of p27 bound to cdk2/A revealed how these proteins effectively inhibit the kinase activity through multiple interactions with the cdk complex (Pavletich, Nature 382:325-331, 1996). These proteins help to regulate the cell cycle through specific interactions with their corresponding cdk complexes .
• Cells deficient in these inhibitors are prone to unregulated growth and tumor formation.
• Protein kinases, in particular, CDK play a role in the regulation of cellular proliferation.
• CDK inhibitors could be useful in the treatment of cell proliferative disorders such as cancer, familial adenomatosis polyposis, neuro-fibromatosis, psoriasis, fungal infections, endotoxic shock, trasplantaion rejection, vascular smooth cell proliferation associated with atherosclerosis, pulmonary fibrosis, arthritis glomerulonephritis and post-surgical stenosis and restenosis (U.S. Patent No. 6,114,365). CDKs are also known to play a role in apoptosis.
• CDK inhibitors could be useful in the treatment of useful of cancer; viral infections, for example, herpevirus, poxvirus, Epstein-Barr virus, Sindbis virus and adenovirus; prevention of AIDS development in HIV-infected individuals; autoimmune diseases, for example, systemic lupus, erythematosus, autoimmune mediated glomerulonephritis, rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasis, inflammatory bowel disease, and autoimmune diabetes mellitus; neurodegenerative disorders, for example, Alzheimer's disease, AIDS-relateddementia, Parkinson's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, retinitis pigmentosa, spinal muscular atrophy and cerebellar degeneration; myelodysplastic syndromes, aplastic anemia, ischemic injury associated with myocardial infarctions, stroke and reperfusion injury, arrhythmia, atherosclerosis, toxin-induced or alcohol related liver diseases, hematological diseases, for example,
• cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors can be used in combination therapy with other anticancer agents.
• the cytotoxic activity of the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor, flavopiridol has been used with other anticancer agents in cancer combination therapy.
• CDK inhibitors may be useful in the chemoprevention of cancer.
• Chemoprevention is defined as inhibiting the development of invasive cancer by either blocking the initiating mutagenic event or by blocking the progression of pre-malignant cells that have already suffered an insult or inhibiting tumor relapse (U.S. Patent No . 6,107,305).
• CDK inhibitors may be useful in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease (J. Biochem., 117, 741-749, 1995).
• Ri is defined as acyl and R2 is defined as alkyl or cycloalkyl.
• the present invention describes a novel class of indeno [1, 2-c]pyrazol-4-ones or pharmaceutically acceptable salt forms thereof that are potent inhibitors of the class of enzymes known as cyclin dependent kinases, which relate to the catalytic subunits cdk 1-9 and their regulatory subunits known as cyclins A-H.
• R 1 , R 2 , R 5 and X are defined below or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof are cyclin dependent kinase inhibitors.
• the invention pertains to novel cyclin dependent kinase inhibitors (cdks) and specifically, but not exclusively, as inhibitors of cdk/cyclin complexes.
• the inhibitors of this invention are indeno [1, 2-c]pyrazol-4-one analogs. Certain analogs were selective for their activity against cdks and their cyclin bound complexes and were less active against other known serine/threonine kinases such as Protein Kinase A (PKA) and Protein Kinase C (PKC) .
• PKA Protein Kinase A
• PKC Protein Kinase C
• the inhibitors of this invention are capable of inhibiting the cell-cycle machinery and consequently would be useful in modulating cell-cycle progression, which would ultimately control cell growth and differentiation.
• Such compounds would be useful for treating subjects having disorders associated with excessive cell proliferation, such as the treatment of cancer, psoriasis, immunological disorders involving unwanted leukocyte proliferation, in the treatment of restinosis and other smooth muscle cell disorders, and the like.
• the present invention in a first embodiment, describes a novel compound of formula (I) :
• X is 0 or S ;
• R 1 is -NR 3 R 3a , -CF 3 , C ⁇ __ alkyl substituted with 1-3 R 4 , C 5 _ 10 alkyl substituted with 0-3 R 4 , C2-C10 alkenyl substituted with 0-3 R 4 , C2-C10 alkynyl substituted with 0-3 R 4 , C3-C10 carbocycle substituted with 0-5 v ⁇ , or 5-10 membered heterocycle substituted with 0-3 R ⁇ ; provided that if R 1 is phenyl or benzyl, then R 1 is substituted with 1-5 R ⁇ ;
• R2 is H, Ci-io alkyl substituted with 0-3 R , C2-10 alkenyl
• R 3 and R 3a are independently selected from the group: H, C1-4 alkyl, phenyl and benzyl;
• R 4 and R7 are, at each occurance, independently selected from the group: halo, -CN, O2 , -NR 9 R 9a , NR 9 NR 9a R 9b ,
• R 5 is selected from the group: H, -C(0)R 12 , -C(0)0R 12 , C1-4 alkyl, phenyl and benzyl;
• R 9 is, at each occurance, independently selected from the group: H, -C(0)R 12 , -C(0)OR 12 , C1-4 alkyl, phenyl and benzyl
• R 9b is, at each occurance, independently selected from the group: H, -C(0)R 12 , -C(0)OR 12 , C ⁇ _4 alkyl, phenyl and benzyl; or
• R 9 and R 9a together with the nitrogen atom to which they are attached, form a heterocycle substituted with 0-3
• Rl6; R 9a is selected from the group: H, C1-4 alkyl, phenyl and benzyl ;
• R 10 , R 14 , R 17 are, at each occurance, independently selected from the group: H, C1-4 alkyl, phenyl, benzyl;
• R 11 is, at each occurance, independently selected from the group: halo, -CN, NO2 , C ⁇ -4 alkyl, C1-4 haloalkyl,
• NR 18 R 18a , NR 18 NR 18a R 18b , NR 18 C (0) OR 17 , NR 18 C(0)R 17 , 0, OR 17 , SR 17 , COR 17 , C02R 17 , CONR 18 R 18 , NHC (0) NR 18 R 18a , NHC(S)NR 18 R 18a , S ⁇ 2NR 18 R 18 , S02R 17 , C3-10 carbocycle substituted with 0-5 R 19 , and 5-10 membered heterocycle
• R 3 is is, at each occurance, independently selected from the group: H, -C(0)R 12 , -C(0)OR 12 , C ⁇ _4 alkyl, phenyl and benzyl;
• R 13a is, at each occurance, independently selected from the group: H, C1-4 alkyl, phenyl and benzyl; or R 13 and R 13a , together with the nitrogen atom to which they are attached, form a heterocycle substituted with 0-3
• R 13b is, at each occurance, independently selected from the group: H, -C(0)R 12 , -C(0)OR 12 , C1-4 alkyl, phenyl and benzyl;
• R ⁇ , R16 an( ⁇ R19 are, at each occurance, independently selected from the group: halo, -CN, NO2 , C1-4 alkyl,
• R 18 is, at each occurance, independently selected from the group: H, -C(0)R 12 , -C(0)OR 12 , Ci-4 alkyl, phenyl and benzyl ;
• R 1 a is, at each occurance, independently selected from the group: H, C1-4 alkyl, phenyl and benzyl; or
• R 18 and R 1 a together with the nitrogen atom to which they are attached, form a heterocycle substituted with 0-3
• R 19 R 1 is, at each occurance, independently selected from the group: H, -C(0)R 12 , -C(0)OR 12 , Ci-4 alkyl, phenyl and benzyl; or R 20 is, at each occurance, independently selected from the group: H, -C(0)R 12 , -C(0)0R 12 , C ⁇ -4 alkyl, phenyl and benzyl;
• R 20a j_ S a t each occurance, independently selected from the group: H, Ci-4 alkyl, phenyl and benzyl;
• R20b is, at each occurance, independently selected from the group: H, -C(0)R 12 , -C(0)OR 12 , C ⁇ _4 alkyl, phenyl and benzyl; and
• R 12 and R 21 are, at each occurance, independently selected from the group: H, C1-4 alkyl, phenyl, benzyl; or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt form thereof, a pharmaceutically acceptable prodrug form thereof, an N-oxide form thereof, or a stereoisomer thereof.
• Another embodiment of the invention is a compound of embodiment (1) wherein: X is 0 or S; R 1 is -NR 3 R 3a , -CF3,C1-C4 alkyl substituted with 1-3 R 4 , C2- C4 alkenyl substituted with 0-3 R 4 , C2-C4 alkynyl substituted with 0-3 R 4 , C3-C10 carbocycle substituted with 0-5 R 6 , or 5-10 membered heterocycle substituted with 0-3 R 6 .
• Another embodiment of the invention is a compound of embodiment (1) wherein: X is 0 or S; R 1 is -NR 3 R 3a , -CF3, C1-C4 alkyl substituted with 1-3 R 4 ,
• R 1 is C3-C5 saturated carbocycle substituted with 0-5 R ⁇ , or 5-7 membered saturated heterocycle substituted with 0-3 R ⁇ .
• Another embodiment of the invention is a compound of embodiment (1) wherein:
• R 1 is C5-C5 partially saturated carbocycle substituted with 0-5 R ⁇ , or 5-7 membered partially saturated heterocycle substituted with 0-3 R ⁇ .
• R 1 is phenyl substituted with 1-5 R ⁇ , naphthyl substituted with 0-5 R ⁇ , or 5-6 membered aromatic heterocycle substituted with 0-3 R ⁇ .
• Another embodiment of the invention is a compound of embodiment (1) wherein:
• R 1 is phenyl substituted with 1-3 R 6 , naphthyl substituted with 0-3 R6, or 5-6 membered aromatic heterocycle substituted with 0-3 R ⁇ .
• Another embodiment of the invention is a compound of embodiment (1) wherein:
• R 1 is C3-C10 carbocycle substituted with 0-5 R ⁇ , or 5-10 membered heterocycle substituted with 0-3 R ⁇ ;
• the two R 6s may combine to form -OCH2O- or -OCH 2 CH 2 0-.
• the two R may combine to form -OCH2O- or -OCH 2 CH 2 0-;
• R 13 , R 1 a and R 13b are, at each occurrence, independently selected from the group: H, C1-4 alkyl, phenyl and benzyl ; and R 14 is, at each occurrence, independently selected from the group: H, Ci-4 alkyl, phenyl, and benzyl.
• R is independently at each occurrence selected from the group: halo, -CN, 02 , C1-4 alkyl, C1-4 haloalkyl,
• R 13 , R 13a and R 13b are each independently selected from the group: H or methyl;
• R 14 is independently selected from the group: H, methyl, phenyl , and benzyl .
• Another embodiment of the invention is a compound of embodiment (1) wherein: X is 0 or S;
• R 1 is -NR 3 R 3a , -CF3, C1-C4 alkyl substituted with 1-3 R 4 ;
• R is, at each occurrence, independently selected from the group: halo, -CN, NO2 , -NR 9 R 9a , NR 9 NR 9a R 9b ,
• R 9 is, at each occurrence, independently selected from the group: H, Ci-4 alkyl, phenyl and benzyl;
• R 9a is, at each occurrence, independently selected from the group: H, C ⁇ -4 alkyl, phenyl and benzyl; R is, at each occurrence, independently selected from the group: H, Ci-4 alkyl, phenyl and benzyl; or
• R 9 and R 9a together with the nitrogen atom to which they are attached, form a 5-7 membered heterocycle substituted with 0-3 R ⁇ ;
• R 1 ⁇ is, at each occurrence, independently selected from the group consisting of: halo, -CN, NO2 , C1-4 alkyl, C1-4
• haloalkyl NR 20 R 20a , NR 2 ° NR 20 R 2 ° a , NR 2 °C (0) OR 21 ,
• R 20 , R 20a , and R 20b are, at each occurrence, independently selected from the group: H, C1-4 alkyl, phenyl and benzyl .
• Another embodiment of the invention is a compound of embodiment (1) wherein: X is 0 or S;
• R 1 is -NR 3 R 3a , -CF3, C1-C4 alkyl substituted with 1-3 R 4 ;
• R 3 and R 3a are independently selected from the group: H, methyl, phenyl and benzyl;
• R is, at each occurrence, independently selected from the group: halo, -CN, N ⁇ 2 , -NR 9 R 9a , NR 9 NR 9 R 9b ,
• NR 9 C(0)0R 10 , NR 9 C(0)R 10 , 0, OR 10 , SR 10 , -CF3 , COR 10 ,
• R 9 is, at each occurrence, independently selected from the group: H, Ci-4 alkyl, phenyl and benzyl;
• R a is, at each occurrence, independently selected from the group: H, C ⁇ -4 alkyl, phenyl and benzyl;
• R 9 is, at each occurrence, independently selected from the group: H, Ci-4 alkyl, phenyl and benzyl;
• R 10 is, at each occurrence, independently selected from the group: H, Ci-4 alkyl, phenyl, benzyl; and
• R 1 is, at each occurrence, independently selected from the group consisting of: selected from the group: halo, - CN, NO2, C1-4 alkyl, C1-4 haloalkyl, NR R ,
• Another embodiment of the invention is a compound of embodiment ( 1 ) wherein :
• R 2 is Ci-4 alkyl substituted with 0-3 R , C2-4 alkenyl
• Another embodiment of the invention is a compound of embodiment (1) wherein: R 2 is Ci-4 alkyl substituted with 0-3 R , C2-4 alkenyl
• Another embodiment of the invention is a compound of embodiment (1) wherein: i.s C3-6 saturated carbocycle substituted with 0-5 R8 , or
• Another embodiment of the invention is a compound of embodiment (1) wherein:
• R 2 is C5-6 partially saturated carbocycle substituted with o
• Another embodiment of the invention is a compound of embodiment (1) wherein: i.s phenyl substituted with 0-5 R8 , naphthyl substituted
• Another embodiment of the invention is a compound of embodiment (1) wherein: R 9 is phenyl substi.tuted with 0-3 R8 , naphthyl substituted o with 0-3 R or or 5-6 membered aromatic heterocycle o heterocycle substituted with 0-3 R . (19) Another embodiment of the invention is a compound of embodiment (1) wherein:
• R A i.s C3-6 carbocycle substituted wi.th 0-5 R8 , or 5-7
• R is, at each occurrence, independently selected from the group: halo, -CN, O2 , C ⁇ _4 alkyl, C1-4 haloalkyl,
• the two R may combine to form -OCH2O- or -OCH2CH2O-;
• R 13 R 13a ⁇ an( ⁇ Rl3b are are, at each occurrence, independently selected from the group: H, C1-4 alkyl, phenyl and benzyl; or
• R 13 and R 13a together with the nitrogen atom to which they are attached, form a 5-7 membered heterocycle substituted with 0-3 R 16 .
• Another embodiment of the invention is a compound of embodiment (1) wherein: o 8
• R is C3_6 carbocycle substituted with 0-5 R , or 5-7 o membered heterocycle substituted with 0-5 R ; o R is, at each occurrence, independently selected from the group: halo, -CN, NO2 , Ci-4 alkyl, C1-4 haloalkyl,
• the two R 8s may combine to form -OCH2O- or -OCH2CH2O-;
• R 13 R 13a f and R 13b are, at each occurrence, independently selected from the group: H, C1-4 alkyl, phenyl and benzyl ;
• R 1 ⁇ is, at each occurrence, independently selected from the group consisting of: halo, -CN, NO2 , C1-4 alkyl, C1-4
• the two R 1 ⁇ s may combine to form -OCH20- or -OCH2CH20-.
• a more preferred embodiment is a compound according to any of embodiments (2) to (12) further comprising embodiment (13).
• a more preferred embodiment is a compound according to any of embodiments (2) to (12) further comprising embodiment
• a more preferred embodiment is a compound according to any of embodiments (2) to (12) further comprising embodiment
• a more preferred embodiment is a compound according to any of embodiments (2) to (12) further comprising embodiment (16) .
• a more preferred embodiment is a compound according to any of embodiments (2) to (12) further comprising embodiment (17) .
• a more preferred embodiment is a compound according to any of embodiments (2) to (12) further comprising embodiment
• a more preferred embodiment is a compound according to any of embodiments (2) to (12) further comprising embodiment
• a more preferred embodiment is a compound according to any of embodiments (2) to (12) further comprising embodiment
• the compounds of formula (I) are selected from:
• Another embodiment of the present invention is a pharmaceutical composition
• a pharmaceutical composition comprising: a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier and a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of formula (I) .
• Another embodiment of the present invention is a method of treating a proliferative disease associated with CDK activity comprising: administering to a host in need of such treatment a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of formula (I) , or a pharmaceutically effective salt form thereof.
• Another embodiment of the present invention is a method of treating a cell proliferative disease associated with CDK activity in a patient, comprising administrering to said patient a pharmaceutically effective amount of a compound of formula (I) , wherein the proliferative diseases is selected from the group consisting of: Alzheimer's disease, viral infections, auto-immune diseases, fungal disease, cancer, psoriasis, vascular smooth cell proliferation associated with atherosclerosis, pulmonary fibrosis, arthritis glomerulonephritis, neurodegenerative disorders and post- surgical stenosis and restenosis.
• the proliferative diseases is selected from the group consisting of: Alzheimer's disease, viral infections, auto-immune diseases, fungal disease, cancer, psoriasis, vascular smooth cell proliferation associated with atherosclerosis, pulmonary fibrosis, arthritis glomerulonephritis, neurodegenerative disorders and post- surgical stenosis and restenosis.
• Another embodiment of the present invention is a method of treating cancer associated with CDK activity in a patient, comprising administrering to said patient a pharmaceutically effective amount of a compound of formula (I) , wherein the cancer is selected from the group consisting of: carcinoma such as bladder, breast, colon, kidney, liver, lung, including small cell lung cancer, esophagus, gall-bladder, ovary, pancreas, stomach, cervix, thyroid, prostate, and skin, including squamous cell carcinoma; hematopoietic tumors of lymphoid lineage, including leukemia, acute lymphocytic leukemia, acute lymphoblastic leukemia, B-cell lymphoma, T-cell-lymphoma, Hodgkin's lymphoma, non-Hodgkin' s lymphoma, hairy cell lymphoma and Burkett's lymphoma; hematopoietic tumors of myeloid lineage, including acute and chronic myelogenous le
• Another embodiment of the present invention is a method of treating a disease associated with apoptosis in a patient, comprising administrering to said patient a pharmaceutically effective amount of a compound of formula (I) , wherein the disease associated with apoptosis is selected from the group consisting of: cancer, viral infections, autoimmune diseases and neurodegenerative disorder.
• Another embodiment of the present invention is a method of inhibiting tumor angiogenesis and metastasis in a patient, comprising administrering to said patient a pharmaceutically effective amount of a compound of formula
• Another embodiment of the present invention is a method of treating a disease associated with protein kinase activity in a patient, comprising administrering to said patient a pharmaceutically effective amount of a compound of formula (I) , wherein the protein kinase is selected from the group consisting of: e.g. protein kinase C, her2 , rafl, MEKl, MAP kinase, EGF receptor, PDGF receptor, IGF receptor, PI3 kinase, weel kinase, Src, and Abl .
• the protein kinase is selected from the group consisting of: e.g. protein kinase C, her2 , rafl, MEKl, MAP kinase, EGF receptor, PDGF receptor, IGF receptor, PI3 kinase, weel kinase, Src, and Abl .
• Another embodiment of the present invention is a method of modulating the level of cellular RNA and DNA synthesis in a patient, comprising administering to said patient a CDK inhibitory effective amount of a compound of formula (I) .
• Another embodiment of the present invention is a method of treating viral infections in a patient, comprising administering to said patient a CDK inhibitory effective amount of a compound of formula (I) , wherein the viral infections is selected from the group consiting of HIV, human papilloma virus, herpesvirus, poxvirus, Epstein-Barr virus, Sindbis virus and adenovirus.
• Another embodiment of the present invention is a method of chemopreventing cancer in a patient, comprising administering to said patient a CDK inhibitory effective amount of a compound of formula (I) .
• Another embodiment of the present invention is a method of inhibiting CDK activity comprising combining an effective amount of the compound of formula (I) with a composition containing CDK.
• Another embodiment of the present invention is a method of treating cancer associated with CDK activity in a patient, comprising administrering to said patient a pharmaceutically effective amount of a compound of formula (I) in combination (administered together or sequentially) with known anti-cancer treatments such as radiation therapy or with cytostatic or cytotoxic agents, such as for example, DNA interactive agents, such as cisplatin or doxorubicin; topoisomerase II inhibitors, such as etoposide; topoisomerase I inhibitors such as CPT-11 or topotecan; tubulin interacting agents, such as paclitaxel, docetaxel or the epothilones; hormonal agents, such as tamoxifen; thymidilate synthase inhibitors, such as 5-fluorouracil; and anti-metabolites, such as
• Another embodiment of the present invention is a method treating proliferative diseases associated with CDK activity, in a patient, comprising administrering to said patient a pharmaceutically effective amount of a compound of formula (I) , in combination (administered together or sequentially) with known anti-proliferating agents selected from the group consisting of:, altretamine, busulfan, chlorambucil, cyclophosphamide, ifosfamide, mechlorethamine, melphalan, thiotepa, cladribine, fluorouracil, floxuridine, gemcitabine, thioguanine, pentostatin, methotrexate, 6- mercaptopurine, cytarabine, carmustine, lomustine, streptozotocin, carboplatin, cisplatin, oxaliplatin, iproplatin, tetraplatin, lobaplatin, JM216, JM335, fludarabine, aminog
• Another embodiment of the present invention is a method of inhibiting CDKl activity, comprising adminsitering to a patient in need thereof an efective CDKl inhibitory amount of a compound according to claim 1, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or prodrug form thereof.
• Another embodiment of the present invention is a method of inhibiting CDK2 activity, comprising adminsitering to a patient in need thereof an efective CDK2 inhibitory amount of a compound according to claim 1, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or prodrug form thereof.
• Another embodiment of the present invention is a method of inhibiting CDK3 activity, comprising adminsitering to a patient in need thereof an efective CDK3 inhibitory amount of a compound according to claim 1, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or prodrug form thereof.
• Another embodiment of the present invention is a method of inhibiting CDK4 activity, comprising adminsitering to a patient in need thereof an efective CDK4 inhibitory amount of a compound according to claim 1, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or prodrug form thereof.
• Another embodiment of the present invention is a method of inhibiting CDK5 activity, comprising adminsitering to a patient in need thereof an efective CDK5 inhibitory amount of a compound according to claim 1, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or prodrug form thereof.
• Another embodiment of the present invention is a method of inhibiting CDK6 activity, comprising adminsitering to a patient in need thereof an efective CDK6 inhibitory amount of a compound according to claim 1, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or prodrug form thereof .
• Another embodiment of the present invention is a method of inhibiting CDK7 activity, comprising adminsitering to a patient in need thereof an efective CDK7 inhibitory amount of a compound according to claim 1, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or prodrug form thereof.
• Another embodiment of the present invention is a method of inhibiting CDK8 activity, comprising adminsitering to a patient in need thereof an efective CDK8 inhibitory amount of a compound according to claim 1, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or prodrug form thereof .
• Another embodiment of the present invention is a method of inhibiting CDK9 activity, comprising adminsitering to a patient in need thereof an efective CDK9 inhibitory amount of a compound according to claim 1, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or prodrug form thereof.
• kits for combination treatment of proliferative diseases associated with CDK activity comprising a plurality of separate containers, wherein at least one of said containers contains a compound of formula (I) , and at least another of said containers contains one or more compounds selected from the group consisting of altretamine, busulfan, chlorambucil, cyclophosphamide, ifosfamide, mechlorethamine, melphalan, thiotepa, cladribine, fluorouracil, floxuridine, gemcitabine, thioguanine, pentostatin, methotrexate, 6- mercaptopurine, cytarabine, carmustine, lomustine, streptozotocin, carboplatin, cisplatin, oxaliplatin, iproplatin, tetraplatin, lobaplatin, JM216, JM335, fludarabine, aminoglutethimide,
• derivative means a chemically modified compound wherein the modification is considered routine by the ordinary skilled chemist, such as an ester or an amide of an acid, protecting groups, such as a benzyl group for an alcohol or thiol, and tert-butoxycarbonyl group for an amine .
• amine protecting group means an easily removable group which is known in the art to protect an amino group against undesirable reaction during synthetic procedures and to be selectively removable.
• the use of amine protecting groups is well known in the art for protecting groups against undesirable reactions during a synthetic procedure and many such protecting groups are known, for example, T.H. Greene and P.G.M. Wuts, Protective Groups in Organic Synthesis, 2nd edition, John Wiley & Sons, New York (1991), incorporated herein by reference.
• Preferred amine protecting groups are acyl, including formyl, acetyl, chloroacetyl, trichloroacetyl, o- nitrophenylacetyl, o-nitrophenoxyacetyl, trifluoroacetyl, acetoacetyl, 4-chlorobutyryl, isobutyryl, o-nitrocinnamoyl, picolinoyl, acylisothiocyanate, aminocaproyl, benzoyl and the like, and acyloxy including methoxycarbonyl , 9- fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl, 2 , 2, 2-trifluoroethoxycarbonyl, 2- trimethylsilylethxoycarbonyl , vinyloxycarbonyl, allyloxycarbonyl, t-butyloxycarbonyl (BOC) , 1,1- dimethylpropynyloxycarbonyl, benzyloxycarbonyl (CBZ) , p
• acid labile amine protecting group means an amine protecting group as defined above which is readily removed by treatment with acid while remaining relatively stable to other reagents .
• a preferred acid labile amine protecting group is tert-butoxycarbonyl (BOC) .
• hydrogenation labile amine protecting group means an amine protecting group as defined above which is readily removed by hydrogenation while remaining relatively stable to other reagents.
• a preferred hydrogenation labile amine protecting group is benzyloxycarbonyl (CBZ) .
• hydrogenation labile acid protecting group means an acid protecting group as defined above which is readily removed by hydrogenation while remaining relatively stable to other reagents.
• a preferred hydrogenation labile acid protecting group is benzyl.
• analogue means a compound which comprises a chemically modified form of a specific compound or class thereof, and which maintains the pharmaceutical and/or pharmacological activities characteristic of said compound or class.
• patient includes both human and other mammals .
• composition means a composition comprising a compound of formula (I) and at least one component selected from the group comprising pharmaceutically acceptable carriers, diluents, adjuvants, excipients, or vehicles, such as preserving agents, fillers, disintegrating agents, wetting agents, emulsifying agents, suspending agents, sweetening agents, flavoring agents, perfuming agents, antibacterial agents, antifungal agents, lubricating agents and dispensing agents, depending on the nature of the mode of administration and dosage forms .
• pharmaceutically acceptable carriers such as preserving agents, fillers, disintegrating agents, wetting agents, emulsifying agents, suspending agents, sweetening agents, flavoring agents, perfuming agents, antibacterial agents, antifungal agents, lubricating agents and dispensing agents, depending on the nature of the mode of administration and dosage forms .
• suspending agents examples include ethoxylated isostearyl alcohols, polyoxyethylene sorbitol and sorbitan esters, microcrystalline cellulose, aluminum metahydroxide, bentonite, agar-agar and tragacanth, or mixtures of these substances .
• Prevention of the action of microorganisms can be ensured by various antibacterial and antifungal agents, for example, parabens, chlorobutanol, phenol, sorbic acid, and the like. It may also be desirable to include isotonic agents, for example sugars, sodium chloride and the like. Prolonged absorption of the injectable pharmaceutical form can be brought about by the use of agents delaying absorption, for example, aluminum monosterate and gelatin.
• suitable carriers, diluents, solvents or vehicles include water, ethanol, polyols, suitable mixtures thereof, vegetable oils (such as olive oil) and injectable organic esters such as ethyl oleate.
• excipients include lactose, milk sugar, sodium citrate, calcium carbonate, dicalcium phosphate phosphate.
• disintegrating agents include starch, alginic acids and certain complex silicates.
• lubricants include magnesium stearate, sodium lauryl sulphate, talc, as well as high molecular weight polyethylene glycols.
• solvate means a physical association of a compound of this invention with one or more solvent molecules. This physical association includes hydrogen bonding. In certain instances the solvate will be capable of isolation, for example when one or more solvent molecules are incorporated in the crystal lattice of the crystalline solid.
• solvent encompasses both solution-phase and isolable solvates. Exemplary solvates include hydrates, ethanolates, methanolates, and the like.
• alkyl is intended to include both branched and straight-chain saturated aliphatic hydrocarbon groups having the specified number of carbon atoms.
• alkyl examples include, but are not limited to, methyl, ethyl, n- propyl, i-propyl, n-butyl, s-butyl, t-butyl, n-pentyl, and s-pentyl.
• alkyl moieties having one or more hydrogen substituents replaced by, but not limited to halogen, hydroxyl, carbonyl, alkoxy, ester, ether, cyano, phosphoryl, amino, i ino, amido, sulfhydryl, alkythio, thioester, sulfonyl, nitro, heterocyclo, aryl or heteroaryl . It will also be understood by those skilled in the art that the substituted moieties themselves can be substituted as well when appropriate.
• alkenyl means an aliphatic hydrocarbon group containing a carbon-carbon double bond and which may be straight or branched having about 2 to about 10 carbon atoms in the chain. Preferred alkenyl groups have 2 to about 8 carbon atoms in the chain; and more preferably about 2 to about 4 carbon atoms in the chain. Branched means that one or more lower alkyl groups such as methyl, ethyl or propyl are attached to a linear alkenyl chain.
• alkenyl groups include ethenyl, propenyl, n-butenyl, i-butenyl, 3- methylbut-2-enyl, ⁇ -pentenyl, heptenyl, octenyl, and decenyl .
• alkynyl means an aliphatic hydrocarbon group containing a carbon-carbon triple bond and which may be straight or branched having about 2 to about 10 carbon atoms in the chain. Preferred alkynyl groups have 2 to about 8 carbon atoms in the chain; and more preferably about 2 to about 4 carbon atoms in the chain. Branched means that one or more lower alkyl groups such as methyl, ethyl or propyl are attached to a linear alkynyl chain.
• alkynyl groups include ethynyl, propynyl, ⁇ -butynyl, 2-butynyl, 3- methylbutynyl, ⁇ -pentynyl, heptynyl, octynyl and decynyl.
• halo or halogen as used herein refer to fluoro, chloro, bromo and iodo.
• aryl is intended to mean an aromatic moiety containing the specified number of carbon atoms, such as, but not limited to phenyl, indanyl or naphthyl.
• cycloalkyl and “bicycloalkyl” are intended to mean any stable ring system, which may be saturated or partially unsaturated.
• Examples of such include, but are not limited to, cyclopropyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, norbornyl, bicyclo [2.2.2] nonane, adamantly, or tetrahydronaphthyl (tetralin) .
• carrier or “carbocyclic residue” is intended to mean any stable 3- to 7-membered monocyclic or bicyclic or 7- to 13-membered bicyclic or tricyclic, any of which may be saturated, partially unsaturated, or aromatic.
• carbocycles include, but are not limited to, cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, cycloheptyl, adamantyl, cyclooctyl,; [3.3.0]bicyclooctane, [4.3.0]bicyclononane, [4.4.0]bicyclodecane (decalin) , [2.2.2 ]bicyclooctane, fluorenyl, phenyl, naphthyl, indanyl, adamantyl, or tetrahydronaphthyl (tetralin) .
• heterocycle or “heterocyclic system” is intended to mean a stable 5- to 7- membered monocyclic or bicyclic or 7- to 10-membered bicyclic heterocyclic ring which is saturated partially unsaturated or unsaturated (aromatic) , and which consists of carbon atoms and from 1 to 4 heteroatoms independently selected from the group consisting of N, 0 and S and including any bicyclic group in which any of the above-defined heterocyclic rings is fused to a benzene ring.
• the nitrogen and sulfur heteroatoms may optionally be oxidized.
• the heterocyclic ring may be attached to its pendant group at any heteroatom or carbon atom which results in a stable structure.
• heterocyclic rings described herein may be substituted on carbon or on a nitrogen atom if the resulting compound is stable. If specifically noted, a nitrogen in the heterocycle may optionally be quaternized. It is preferred that when the total number of S and 0 atoms in the heterocycle exceeds 1, then these heteroatoms are not adjacent to one another. It is preferred that the total number of S and 0 atoms in the heterocycle is not more than 1.
• aromatic heterocyclic system is intended to mean a stable 5- to 7- membered monocyclic or bicyclic or 7- to 10-membered bicyclic heterocyclic aromatic ring which consists of carbon atoms and from 1 to 4 heterotams independently selected from the group consisting of N, 0 and S. It is preferred that the total number of S and 0 atoms in the aromatic heterocycle is not more than 1.
• heterocycles include, but are not limited to, lH-indazole, 2-pyrrolidonyl, 2H, 6H-1, 5, 2-dithiazinyl, 2H-pyrrolyl, 3H-indolyl, 4-piperidonyl, 4aH-carbazole, 4H- quinolizinyl, 6H-1, 2 , 5-thiadiazinyl, acridinyl, azocinyl, benzimidazolyl, benzofuranyl, benzothiofuranyl, benzothiophenyl, benzoxazolyl, benzthiazolyl, benztriazolyl, benztetrazolyl, benzisoxazolyl, benzisothiazolyl, benzimidazalonyl, carbazolyl, 4aH-carbazolyl, b-carbolinyl, chromanyl, chromenyl, cinnolinyl, decahydroquinol,
• oxazolyl oxazolidinylperimidinyl, phenanthridinyl, phenanthrolinyl, phenarsazinyl, phenazinyl, phenothiazinyl, phenoxathiinyl, phenoxazinyl, phthalazinyl, piperazinyl, piperidinyl, pteridinyl, piperidonyl, 4-piperidonyl, pteridinyl, purinyl, pyranyl, pyrazinyl, pyrazolidinyl, pyrazolinyl, pyrazolyl, pyridazinyl, pyridooxazole, pyridoimidazole, pyridothiazole, pyridinyl, pyridyl, pyridyl, pyrimidinyl, pyrrolidinyl, pyrrolinyl, pyrrolyl,
• Preferred heterocycles include, but are not limited to, pyridinyl, furanyl, thienyl, pyrrolyl, pyrazolyl, imidazolyl, indolyl, benzimidazolyl, IH-indazolyl, oxazolidinyl, benzotriazolyl, benzisoxazolyl, oxindolyl, benzoxazolinyl, or isatinoyl. Also included are fused ring and spiro compounds containing, for example, the above heterocycles.
• pharmaceutically acceptable salts refer to derivatives of the disclosed compounds wherein the parent compound is modified by making acid or base salts thereof.
• pharmaceutically acceptable salts include, but are not limited to, mineral or organic acid salts of basic residues such as amines; alkali or organic salts of acidic residues such as carboxylic acids; and the like.
• the pharmaceutically acceptable salts include the conventional non-toxic salts or the quaternary ammonium salts of the parent compound formed, for example, from nontoxic inorganic or organic acids.
• such conventional non-toxic salts include those derived from inorganic acids such as hydrochloric, hydrobromic, sulfuric, sulfamic, phosphoric, nitric and the like; and the salts prepared from organic acids such as acetic, propionic, succinic, glycolic, stearic, lactic, malic, tartaric, citric, ascorbic, pamoic, maleic, hydroxymaleic, phenylacetic, glutamic, benzoic, salicylic, sulfanilic, 2- acetoxybenzoic, fumaric, toluenesulfonic, methanesulfonic, ethane disulfonic, oxalic, isethionic, and the like.
• inorganic acids such as hydrochloric, hydrobromic, sulfuric, sulfamic, phosphoric, nitric and the like
• organic acids such as acetic, propionic, succinic, glycolic, stearic, lactic
• the pharmaceutically acceptable salts of the present invention can be synthesized from the parent compound which contains a basic or acidic moiety by conventional chemical methods.
• such salts can be prepared by reacting the free acid or base forms of these compounds with a stoichiometric amount of the appropriate base or acid in water or in an organic solvent, or in a mixture of the two; generally, nonaqueous media like ether, ethyl acetate, ethanol, isopropanol, or acetonitrile are preferred.
• Lists of suitable salts are found in Remington's Pharmaceutical Sciences, 18th ed., Mack Publishing Company, Easton, PA, 1990, p. 1445, the disclosure of which is hereby incorporated by reference .
• phrases "pharmaceutically acceptable” is employed herein to refer to those compounds, materials, compositions, and/or dosage forms which are, within the scope of sound medical judgment, suitable for use in contact with the tissues of human beings and animals without excessive toxicity, irritation, allergic response, or other problem or complication commensurate with a reasonable benefit/risk ratio.
• prodrugs as used herein means those prodrugs of the compounds useful according to the present invention which are, within the scope of sound medical judgment, suitable for use in contact with the tissues of humans and lower animals with undue toxicity, irritation, allergic response, and the like, commensurate with a reasonable benefit/risk ratio, and effective for their intended use, as well as the zwitterionic forms, where possible, of the compounds of the invention.
• Prodrugs as the term is used herein, are intended to include any covalently bonded carriers which release an active parent drug of the present invention in vivo when such prodrug is administered to a mammalian subject.
• prodrugs are known to enhance numerous desirable qualities of pharmaceuticals (i.e., solubility, bioavailability, manufacturing, etc.) the compounds of the present invention may be delivered in prodrug form.
• the present invention is intended to cover prodrugs of the presently claimed compounds, methods of delivering the same, and compositions containing the same.
• Prodrugs of the present invention are prepared by modifying functional groups present in the compound in such a way that the modifications are cleaved, either in routine manipulation or in vivo, to the parent compound.
• the transformation in vivo may be, for example, as the result of some metabolic process, such as chemical or enzymatic hydrolysis of a carboxylic, phosphoric or sulphate ester, or reduction or oxidation of a susceptible functionality.
• Prodrugs include compounds of the present invention wherein a hydroxy, amino, or sulfhydryl group is bonded to any group that, when the prodrug of the present invention is administered to a mammalian subject, it cleaves to form a free hydroxyl, free amino, or free sulfydryl group, respectively.
• Functional groups which may be rapidly transformed, by metabolic cleavage, in vivo form a class of groups reactive with the carboxyl group of the compounds of this invention. They include, but are not limited to such groups as alkanoyl
• the compounds bearing such groups act as pro-drugs.
• the compounds bearing the metabolically cleavable groups have the advantage that they may exhibit improved bioavailability as a result of enhanced solubility and/or rate of absorption conferred upon the parent compound by virtue of the presence of the metabolically cleavable group.
• prodrugs A thorough discussion of prodrugs is provided in the following: Design of Prodrugs, H. Bundgaard, ed. , Elsevier, 1985; Methods in Enzymology, K. Widder et al, Ed., Academic Press, 42, p.309- 396, 1985; A Textbook of Drug Design and Development,
• Substituted is intended to indicate that one or more hydrogens on the atom indicated in the expression using “substituted” is replaced with a selection from the indicated group (s), provided that the indicated atom's normal valency is not exceeded, and that the substitution results in a stable compound.
• Treating refers to: (i) preventing a disease, disorder or condition from occurring in an animal which may be predisposed to the disease, disorder and/or condition but has not yet been diagnosed as having it; (ii) inhibiting the disease, disorder or condition, i.e., arresting its development; and
• Geometrical isomers include the cis and trans forms of compounds of the invention having alkenyl moieties. It is well known in the art how to prepare optically active forms, such as by resolution of racemic forms or by synthesis from optically active starting materials. All chiral, diastereomeric, racemic forms and all geometric isomeric forms of a structure are intended, unless the specific stereochemistry or isomer form is specifically indicated.
• Such isomers can be separated from their mixtures, by the application or adaptation of known methods, for example chromatographic techniques and recrystallization techniques, or they are separately prepared from the appropriate isomers of their intermediates, for example by the application or adaptation of methods described herein.
• the compounds of the present invention are useful in the form of the free base or acid or in the form of a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. All forms are within the scope of the invention.
• acid addition salts are formed and are simply a more convenient form for use; and in practice, use of the salt form inherently amounts to use of the free base form.
• the acids which can be used to prepare the acid addition salts include preferably those which produce, when combined with the free base, pharmaceutically acceptable salts, that is, salts whose anions are non-toxic to the patient in pharmaceutical doses of the salts, so that the beneficial inhibitory effects on CDK inherent in the free base are not vitiated by side effects ascribable to the anions.
• acid addition salts of the compounds of this invention are prepared by reaction of the free base with the appropriate acid, by the application or adaptation of known methods.
• the acid addition salts of the compounds of this invention are prepared either by dissolving the free base in aqueous or aqueous-alcohol solution or other suitable solvents containing the appropriate acid and isolating the salt by evaporating the solution, or by reacting the free base and acid in an organic solvent, in which case the salt separates directly or can be obtained by concentration of the solution.
• the compounds of this invention can be regenerated from their corresponding acid addition salts by the application or adaptation of known methods.
• parent compounds of the invention can be regenerated from their acid addition salts by treatment with an alkali, e.g. aqueous sodium bicarbonate solution or aqueous ammonia solution.
• base addition salts may be formed and are simply a more convenient form for use; and in practice, use of the salt form inherently amounts to use of the free acid form.
• the bases which can be used to prepare the base addition salts include preferably those which produce, when combined with the free acid, pharmaceutically acceptable salts, that is, salts whose cations are non-toxic to the animal organism in pharmaceutical doses of the salts, so that the beneficial inhibitory effects on CDK inherent in the free acid are not vitiated by side effects ascribable to the cations.
• salts including for example alkali and alkaline earth metal salts, within the scope of the invention are those derived from the following bases: sodium hydride, sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, calcium hydroxide, aluminum hydroxide, lithium hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide, zinc hydroxide, ammonia, ethylenediamine, N-methyl-glucamine, lysine, arginine, ornithine, choline, N,N' -dibenzylethylenediamine, chloroprocaine, diethanolamine, procaine,
• Metal salts of compounds of the present invention may be obtained by contacting a hydride, hydroxide, carbonate or similar reactive compound of the chosen metal in an aqueous or organic solvent with the free acid form of the compound.
• the aqueous solvent employed may be water or it may be a mixture of water with an organic solvent, preferably an alcohol such as methanol or ethanol, a ketone such as acetone, an aliphatic ether such as tetrahydrofuran, or an ester such as ethyl acetate.
• Such reactions are normally conducted at ambient temperature but they may, if desired, be conducted with heating.
• Amine salts of compounds of the present invention may be obtained by contacting an amine in an aqueous or organic solvent with the free acid form of the compound.
• Suitable aqueous solvents include water and mixtures of water with alcohols such as methanol or ethanol, ethers such as tetrahydrofuran, nitriles such as acetonitrile, or ketones such as acetone. Amino acid salts may be similarly prepared.
• the compounds of this invention can be regenerated from their corresponding base addition salts by the application or adaptation of known methods.
• parent compounds of the invention can be regenerated from their base addition salts by treatment with an acid, e.g. hydrochloric acid.
• Pharmaceutically acceptable salts also include quaternary lower alkyl ammonium salts.
• the quaternary salts are prepared by the exhaustive alkylation of basic nitrogen atoms in compounds, including nonaromatic and aromatic basic nitrogen atoms, according to the invention, i.e., alkylating the non-bonded pair of electrons of the nitrogen moieties with an alkylating agent such as methylhalide, particularly methyl iodide, or dimethyl sulfate. Quaternarization results in the nitrogen moiety becoming positively charged and having a negative counter ion associated therewith.
• acid addition salts are more likely to be formed by compounds of this invention having a nitrogen- containing heteroaryl group and/or wherein the compounds contain an amino group as a substituent.
• Preferable acid addition salts of the compounds of the invention are those wherein there is not an acid labile group.
• salts of compounds of the invention are useful for the purposes of purification of the compounds, for example by exploitation of the solubility differences between the salts and the parent compounds, side products and/or starting materials by techniques well known to those skilled in the art.
• Compounds according to the invention for example, starting materials, intermediates or products, are prepared as described herein or by the application or adaptation of known methods, by which is meant methods used heretofore or described in the literature, for example those described by R. C. Larock in Comprehensive Organic Transformations, VCH publishers, 1989.
• 1,3-diketone 7 employs the condensation of a 1,3-diketone 7 with 3- nitrophthalic anhydride as described in Rotberg and Oshkaya, Zh. Organ. Khim. 8:84-87, 1972; Zh. Organ. Khim. 9:2548- 2550, 1973, the contents of which are hereby incorporated herein by reference.
• the 1, 3-diketones when not commercially available can be readily prepared by one skilled in the art by the acetylation or trifluoroacetylation of the requisite methyl ketone, R ⁇ OCH j .
• Reduction of the nitro derivative to the aniline 8 can be accomplished in a variety of ways including catalyic hydrogenation, treatment with zinc or iron under acidic conditions, or treatment with other reducing agents such as sodium dithionite or stannous chloride.
• Acetylation of the aniline 8 provides the triones 3.
• the indeno [1, 2-c]pyrazol-4-ones of this invention can be prepared as shown in Scheme 2. Exposure of aniline 8 to phenyl chloroformate or phenyl chlorothionoformate in the presence of base, followed by treatment of the intermediate with the appropriate carbazate, provides either trione 9, a hydrazone of 9, or mixtures of 9 and its hydrazone. When 9 or its hydrazone is allowed to react with hydrazine as described above the pyrazoles 10 are obtained.
• aniline 7 (0.5 g, 1.7 mmol) in dioxane (10 mL) was treated with triethylamine (0.48 mL, 3.4 mmol) in one portion at room temperature. Then 2- (trimethylsilyl) ethyloxy chloride (SEMC1) (0.48 mL, 2.6 mmol) was added in one portion and the mixture heated to reflux for 2 h. The reaction was cooled, diluted with EtOAc (20 mL) washed with water (10 mL) , dried (MgS04) and the solvent removed at reduced pressure.
• SEMC1 2- (trimethylsilyl) ethyloxy chloride
• Example V Preparation of 3- (4-methoxyphenyl) -5- (2- (4-hvdroxy benzoyl) hydrazinecarboxamido) indeno fl , 2-clpyrazol-4-one Prepared in a similar fashion as described for example I using 4-hydroxyphenyl carbazate as the starting material, mp 283 °C; CIMS m/e calc ' d for C25H20N5O5 (M+H + ) : 470.1464, found: 470.1544.
• Example VII Preparation of 3- (4-methoxyphenyl) -5- (2 - (4- aminobenzoyl) hydrazinecarboxamido) indeno ⁇ 1 , 2-clpyrazol-4-one Prepared in a similar fashion as described for example I using 4-aminophenyl carbazate as the starting material, mp 247 °C; CIMS m/e calc'd for C25H21N6O4 (M+H + ) : 469.1624, found: 469.1528.
• Step 2 Preparation of 13 from 12 To a solution of 192g (630 mmol) of 12 and 90mL (750 mmol) of ethyl trifluoroacetate in 1000 mL of tetrahydrofuran at 25 °C was added slowly over 15 min. 280 mL (750 mmol) of 21% sodium ethoxide in ethanol, and the resulting solution then was stirred at 25°C for 16 h. The reaction mixture was diluted with 500mL of water, and to this mixture was added 45mL of acetic acid. The resulting precipitate was recovered by filtration. The solids were washed with diethyl ether/hexane and dried to furnish 236g of 13 as an orange solid.
• Step 6 Preparation of 18 from 16 A solution of 0.57g (1.0 mmol) of 16 and 0.41g (3.0 mmol) of nicotinic acid hydrazide in 20mL of DMSO was stirred at 90°C for 2h. After cooling the solvent was removed under high vacuum to afford crude 17.
• Step 7 Preparation of XXVII from 18 A solution of 0.25g (0.4 mmol) of 18 in lOmL of trifluoroacetic acid was stirred at 25°C for 2h. The excess trifluoroacetic acid was removed under vacuum, and the residue was dissolved in 20mL of hot ethanol. After cooling, the resulting precipitate was recovered by filtration under nitrogen and then dried under vacuum to afford O.l ⁇ g of the desired product as its trifluoroacetate salt, mp 232 °C; CIMS m/e calc'd for C27H25N8O3 (M+H + ) : 509.2050, found: 509.2060.
• the compounds useful according to the invention optionally are supplied as salts.
• Those salts which are pharmaceutically acceptable are of particular interest since they are useful in administering the foregoing compounds for medical purposes.
• Salts which are not pharmaceutically acceptable are useful in manufacturing processes, for isolation and purification purposes, and in some instances, for use in separating stereoisomeric forms of the compounds of this invention. The latter is particularly true of amine salts prepared from optically active amines.
• the compound useful according to the invention contains a carboxy group, or a sufficiently acidic bioisostere
• base addition salts may be formed and are simply a more convenient form for use; and in practice, use of the salt form inherently amounts to use of the free acid form.
• acid addition salts may be formed and are simply a more convenient form for use; and in practice, use of the salt form inherently amounts to use of the free base form.
• compositions may also be mixed another therapeutic compound to form pharmaceutical compositions (with or without diluent or carrier) which, when administered, provide simultaneous administration of a combination of active ingredients resulting in the combination therapy of the invention.
• compositions both for veterinary and for human use, useful according to the present invention comprise at lease one compound of the invention, as above defined, together with one or more acceptable carriers therefor and optionally other therapeutic ingredients.
• active ingredients necessary in combination therapy may be combined in a single pharmaceutical composition for simultaneous administration.
• vehicle and the content of active substance in the vehicle are generally determined in accordance with the solubility and chemical properties of the active compound, the particular mode of administration and the provisions to be observed in pharmaceutical practice.
• excipients such as lactose, sodium citrate, calcium carbonate, dicalcium phosphate and disintegrating agents such as starch, alginic acids and certain complex silicates combined with lubricants such as magnesium stearate, sodium lauryl sulphate and talc may be used for preparing tablets.
• lactose and high molecular weight polyethylene glycols may be used for preparing tablets.
• aqueous suspensions When aqueous suspensions are used they can contain emulsifying agents or agents which facilitate suspension. Diluents such as sucrose, ethanol, polyethylene glycol, propylene glycol, glycerol and chloroform or mixtures thereof may also be used.
• the oily phase of the emulsions of this invention may be constituted from known ingredients in a known manner. While the oily phase may comprise merely an emulsifier (otherwise known as an emulgent) , it desirably comprises a mixture of at least one emulsifier with a fat or an oil or with both a fat and an oil. Preferably, a hydrophilic emulsifier is included together with a lipophilic emulsifier which acts as a stabilizer. It is also preferred to include both an oil and a fat.
• Emulgents and emulsion stabilizers suitable for use in the formulation of the present invention include Tween® 60, Span® 80, cetostearyl alcohol, benzyl alcohol, myristyl alcohol, glyceryl mono-stearate and sodium lauryl sulfate.
• the aqueous phase of the cream base may include, for example, a least 30% w/w of a polyhydric alcohol, i.e. an alcohol having two or more hydroxyl groups such as propylene glycol, butane 1,3-diol, mannitol, sorbitol, glycerol and polyethylene glycol (including PEG 400) and mixtures thereof.
• the topical formulations may desirably include a compound which enhances absorption or penetration of the active ingredient through the skin or other affected areas. Examples of such dermal penetration enhancers include dimethyl sulphoxide and related analogue.
• suitable oils or fats for the formulation is based on achieving the desired cosmetic properties.
• the cream should preferably be a non-greasy, non-staining and washable product with suitable consistency to avoid leakage from tubes or other containers .
• Straight or branched chain, mono- or dibasic alkyl esters such as di- isopropyl myristate, decyl oleate, isopropyl palmitate, butyl stearate, 2-ethylhexyl palmitate or a blend of branched chain esters known as Crodamol CAP may be used, the last three being preferred esters. These may be used alone or in combination depending on the properties required. Alternatively, high melting point lipids such as white soft paraffin and/or liquid paraffin or other mineral oils can be used. Solid compositions of may also be employed as fillers in soft and hard-filled gelatin capsules using such excipients as lactose or milk sugar as well as high molecular weight polyethylene glycols, and the like.
• compositions can be administered in a suitable formulation to humans and animals by topical or systemic administration, including oral, inhalational, rectal, nasal, buccal, sublingual, vaginal, parenteral (including subcutaneous, intramuscular, intravenous, intradermal, intrathecal and epidural) , intracisternal and intraperitoneal. It will be appreciated that the preferred route may vary with for example the condition of the recipient.
• the formulations can be prepared in unit dosage form by any of the methods well known in the art of pharmacy. Such methods include the step of bringing into association the active ingredient with the carrier which constitutes one or more accessory ingredients. In general the formulations are prepared by uniformly and intimately bringing into association the active ingredient with liquid carriers or finely divided solid carriers or both, and then, if necessary, shaping the product.
• a tablet may be made by compression or moulding, optionally with one or more accessory ingredients.
• Compressed tables may be prepared by compressing in a suitable machine the active ingredient in a free-flowing form such as a powder or granules, optionally mixed with a binder, lubricant, inert diluent, preservative, surface active or dispersing agent.
• Moulded tablets may be made by moulding in a suitable machine a mixture of the powdered compounds moistened with an inert liquid diluent. The tablets may optionally be coated or scored and may be formulated so as to provide slow or controlled release of the active ingredient therein.
• Solid compositions for rectal administration include suppositories formulated in accordance with known methods and containing at least one compound of the invention.
• the compounds can be microencapsulated in, or attached to, a slow release or targeted delivery systems such as a biocompatible, biodegradable polymer matrices (e.g. poly (d, 1-lactide co-glycolide)), liposomes, and microspheres and subcutaneously or intramuscularly injected by a technique called subcutaneous or intramuscular depot to provide continuous slow release of the compound (s) for a period of 2 weeks or longer.
• a biocompatible, biodegradable polymer matrices e.g. poly (d, 1-lactide co-glycolide)
• liposomes e.g. liposomes
• microspheres subcutaneously or intramuscularly injected by a technique called subcutaneous or intramuscular depot to provide continuous slow release of the compound (s) for a period of 2 weeks or longer.
• the compounds may be sterilized, for example, by filtration through a bacteria retaining filter, or by incorporating sterilizing agents in the form of sterile solid compositions
• compositions of the invention may be varied so as to obtain an amount of active ingredient that is effective to obtain a desired therapeutic response for a particular composition and method of administration.
• the selected dosage level therefore depends upon the desired therapeutic effect, on the route of administration, on the desired duration of treatment and other factors.
• Total daily dose of the compounds useful according to this invention administered to a host in single or divided doses may be in amounts, for example, of from about 0.001 to about 100 mg/kg body weight daily and preferably 0.01 to 10 mg/kg/day.
• Dosage unit compositions may contain such amounts of such submultiples thereof as may be used to make up the daily dose. It will be understood, however, that the specific dose level for any particular patient will depend upon a variety of factors including the body weight, general health, sex, diet, time and route of administration, rates of absorption and excretion, combination with other drugs and the severity of the particular disease being treated.
• the amount of each component administered is determined by the attending clinicians taking into consideration the etiology and severity of the disease, the patient's condition and age, the potency of each component and other factors .
• the formulations may be presented in unit-dose or multi-dose containers, for example sealed ampoules and vials with elastomeric stoppers, and may be stored in a freeze- dried (lyophilized) condition requiring only the addition of the sterile liquid carrier, for example water for injections, immediately prior to use.
• sterile liquid carrier for example water for injections, immediately prior to use.
• Extemporaneous injection solutions and suspensions may be prepared from sterile powders, granules and tablets of the kind previously described.
• Administration of a compound of the present invention in combination with additional therapeutic agents may afford an efficacy advantage over the compounds and agents alone, and may do so while permitting the use of lower doses of each.
• a lower dosage minimizes the potential of side effects, thereby providing an increased margin of safety.
• the combination of a compound of the present invention with such additional therapeutic agents is preferably a synergistic combination. Synergy, as described for example by Chou and Talalay, Adv. Enzyme Regul . 22:27-55 (1984), occurs when the therapeutic effect of the compound and agent when administered in combination is greater than the additive effect of the either the compound or agent when administered alone.
• synergistic effect is most clearly demonstrated at levels that are (therapeutically) sub-optimal for either the compound of the present invention or a known anti-proliferative agent alone, but which are highly efficacious in combination.
• Synergy can be in terms of improved inhibitory response without substantial increases in toxicity over individual treatments alone, or some other beneficial effect of the combination compared with the individual components .
• the cdk/cyclin lysate is combined in a microtitre-type plate along with a kinase compatible buffer, ⁇ P-la eled ATP at a concentration of 50 mM, a GST-Rb fusion protein and the test compound at varying concentrations.
• the kinase reaction is allowed to proceeded with the radiolabled ATP, then effectively stopped by the addition of a large excess of EDTA and unlabeled ATP.
• the GST-Rb labeled protein is sequestered on a GSH-Sepharose bead suspension, washed, resuspended in scintillant, and the
• HCT116 cells are cultured in the presence of test compounds at increasing concentrations.
• groups of cells are fixed with trichloroacetic acid and stained with sulforhodamine B (SRB) . Unbound dye was removed by washing and protein-bound dye was extracted for determination of optical density.
• SRB sulforhodamine B

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  • 2000-10-20 EP EP00973682A patent/EP1414804A1/de not_active Withdrawn
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  • 2000-10-20 WO PCT/US2000/028952 patent/WO2002034721A1/en active Application Filing
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