Classifications

• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
  • F24C—DOMESTIC STOVES OR RANGES ; DETAILS OF DOMESTIC STOVES OR RANGES, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
  • F24C15/00—Details
  • F24C15/32—Arrangements of ducts for hot gases, e.g. in or around baking ovens
  • F24C15/322—Arrangements of ducts for hot gases, e.g. in or around baking ovens with forced circulation
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
  • F24C—DOMESTIC STOVES OR RANGES ; DETAILS OF DOMESTIC STOVES OR RANGES, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
  • F24C15/00—Details
  • F24C15/32—Arrangements of ducts for hot gases, e.g. in or around baking ovens
  • F24C15/322—Arrangements of ducts for hot gases, e.g. in or around baking ovens with forced circulation
  • F24C15/325—Arrangements of ducts for hot gases, e.g. in or around baking ovens with forced circulation electrically-heated

Definitions

• the present invention relates to ovens for cooking food, and more particularly convection ovens used in collective kitchens.
• Convection ovens for cooking food generally include a metal muffle surrounding an interior muffle cavity, with a bottom wall forming a floor, an upper wall forming a ceiling, and four vertical peripheral walls. At least one of the peripheral walls is provided with an access door for the introduction and extraction of food to be cooked in the interior cavity of the muffle.
• the convection of the air is ensured by a convection turbine, driven in rotation by a motor, and generally arranged in the vicinity of the 'one of the peripheral walls which has no access door.
• the turbine is rotatably mounted on an axis of rotation perpendicular to the peripheral wall.
• Heating means can advantageously be placed in the air circulation, upstream or downstream of the turbine, and be adapted to heat the air which circulates in the muffle under the impulse of the turbine, promoting the cooking of food. .
• the interior cavity of the muffle is divided into two compartments: a cooking compartment, accessible by the door, and shaped to receive the food to be cooked; a heating compartment, including the turbine convection and heating means such as electric resistances or gas burners.
• the cooking compartment is always isolated from the heating compartment by a box or by a partition wall, generally perpendicular to the axis of rotation of the turbine, and comprising a few ' air passage holes.
• the separation wall has a double effect of channeling the air circuit powered by the turbine, and of protecting the heating compartment against projections of grease or other materials from food during cooking.
• the object of the present invention is in particular to avoid the drawbacks of known structures of convection ovens for cooking food, by aiming to promote cleaning or self-cleaning of the oven and to ensure a better distribution of cooking.
• the invention results from the surprising observation that the removal of the partition wall between the cooking compartment and the heating compartment, combined with a direction of rotation of the turbine axially sucking the air in order to discharge it in the vicinity of the peripheral walls , provides both a self - cleaning effect for the oven and better cooking distribution.
• the invention provides a convection oven for cooking food, comprising:
• a muffle with generally parallelepiped internal cavity bounded by a lower floor wall, by an upper ceiling wall and by four peripheral walls, at least one of the peripheral walls being provided with an access door for entry and the exit of the food to be cooked in the interior cavity of the muffle,
• centrifugal convection turbine driven in rotation by a motor, placed in the inner cavity of the muffle in the vicinity of the center of an adjacent peripheral wall devoid of access door, rotatably mounted along an axis of rotation perpendicular to the peripheral wall adjacent, and arranged to draw air axially towards the center of the adjacent peripheral wall and to discharge it radially towards the edges of the adjacent peripheral wall, - heating means placed in the air circulation upstream or downstream of the convection turbine, and adapted to heat the air which circulates in the muffle under the impulse of the convection turbine to cook the food,
• the convection turbine and the heating means are placed in the interior cavity of the muffle in direct communication with the cooking volume, without partition wall s Opposing the air circulation, with a mechanical protection grid shaped and interposed between the convection turbine and the cooking volume to prevent contact of a user hand with rotating convection turbine blades.
• the relatively cold air is drawn in according to an enlarged axial suction zone occupied by the food to be cooked, and that the hot delivery air is confined in the vicinity of the peripheral walls, away from the food to be cooked .
• the heating means comprise annular electrical resistors placed on the periphery of the convection turbine.
• the heating means comprise a gas burner placed axially in the suction of the convection turbine, or placed radially on the periphery of the convection turbine.
• the turbine can advantageously be a generally cylindrical structure, with a rear flange carrying a plurality of short front blades distributed around the periphery.
• the diameter of the turbine can advantageously be greater than one third of the largest dimension of the adjacent peripheral wall. Surprisingly, the inventors have found that a better cooking distribution is still obtained, in the absence of a partition wall, when the turbine is rotated in the opposite direction, that is to say in the direction where the inclination of the blades would tend to push the air towards the axis of the turbine. It is understood that in reverse rotation a short blade turbine still has a centrifugal air thrust effect, but this thrust is reduced.
• the structure according to the invention it is possible to vary the speed of the turbine in a relatively wide speed range, for example from 700 to 1300 revolutions per minute, without causing overheating of the heating elements such as resistors, thanks to the best heat exchange with air. it modulates the convection, depending on the nature of the food to be cooked, to improve its quality.
• Good air circulation in the oven can be obtained by providing a tray support frame, removable and able to pass through the oven door, and consisting of uprights connected by crosspieces to form a perforated parallelepipedal structure leaving free circulation d air and carrying lateral slides perpendicular to the door to receive sliding and supporting horizontal trays on which the food to be cooked can be arranged.
• the cleaning of the oven is very easy, and it is observed that the projections of foodstuffs coming from the food to be cooked do not remain on the turbine or the heating means, and are evacuated immediately by the circulation of air towards the lower wall of floor . This results in a self cleaning effect of the oven.
• Cleaning can be further improved by providing a cleaning device by spraying water into the muffle.
• a cleaning device by spraying water into the muffle.
• a cup placed adjacent to the center of the upper wall of the muffle and central water supply means to produce a flow of water towards the periphery of the cup parallel to the upper wall.
• the cleaning device has an immediate cleaning action both on the cooking compartment and on the turbine and the heating means.
• FIG. 1 is a perspective view of an oven according to a first embodiment of the invention, with electric heating;
• - Figure 2 is a front view of the oven of Figure 1;
• - Figure 3 is a right side view of the oven of Figure 1, in section along the plane AA;
• - Figure 4 is a perspective view of an oven according to a second embodiment of the invention, with gas heating;
• FIG. 5 is a front view of the oven of Figure 1;
• FIG. 6 is a left side view of the oven of Figure 1, in section along the plane B-B.
• a convection oven according to the invention comprises a muffle 1, having an interior cavity 8 generally parallelepipedal limited by a bottom wall floor 2, by an upper ceiling wall 3, by two opposite lateral peripheral walls 4 and 5, by an anterior peripheral wall 6 and by a posterior peripheral wall 7.
• the anterior peripheral wall 6 is provided with an access door for the introduction and extraction of the food to be cooked in the interior cavity 8 of the muffle.
• the interior faces of the walls of the muffle are generally smooth, in order to avoid catching and retaining food particles liable to detach from the food to be cooked.
• a convection turbine 9 is rotated by a motor 10 powered by an external source of electrical energy.
• the convection turbine 9 is of the centrifugal action type, sucking the air axially through its center and discharging the air radially through its periphery. It includes for this inclined blades, in a known and usual manner.
• the convection turbine 9 is arranged in the vicinity of the center of a peripheral wall devoid of access door. In the illustrated embodiment, the convection turbine 9 is arranged in the vicinity of the center of the rear peripheral wall 7 of the muffle.
• an oven with two doors in opposition to each other formed respectively in the front peripheral wall 6 and in the rear peripheral wall 7, with the turbine. placed in the vicinity of one of the opposite lateral peripheral walls 4 or 5 of the oven.
• the convection turbine 9 is rotatably mounted along an axis of rotation 11 perpendicular to the rear peripheral wall 7 to which it is adjacent.
• the convection turbine 9 sucks the air axially towards the center of the rear peripheral wall 7 and delivers the air radially towards the edges of the rear peripheral wall 7.
• Heating means are placed in the air circulation upstream or downstream of the turbine, and are adapted to heat the air which circulates in the muffle under the impulse of the convection turbine 9.
• the heating means comprise annular electrical resistors 12 and 13, placed on the periphery of the convection turbine 9, and supplied by an external source of electrical energy to which they are connected by supply conductors 15.
• the annular electrical resistors 12 and 13 are thus placed downstream of the convection turbine 9 in the air circulation.
• the heating means comprise a gas burner 14 placed axially in the suction of the convection turbine 9.
• the gas burner 14 is directed towards the rear wall 7 of the oven, that is to say towards the center of the turbine 9. It is supplied by a supply line 16. Its central part is crossed by a line d exhaust gas 17.
• a cooking volume 81 is reserved in the internal cavity 8 of the muffle to receive the food to be cooked, and a simple removable tray support frame is provided, suitable for entering the muffle by the door provided in the anterior peripheral wall 6.
• the support frame for trays is made up of uprights connected by upper crosspieces to constitute a structure generally perforated parallelepiped leaving free air circulation in the oven.
• the tray support frame structure carries lateral slides, for example in the form of U-shaped profiles, perpendicular to the anterior peripheral wall 6, and shaped to receive slidingly and support the lateral edges of horizontal trays on which the food can be placed. to cook.
• the convection turbine 9 and the heating means 12, 13 or 14 are placed in the muffle 1 in direct communication with the cooking volume 81, without a partition wall opposing the circulation of air.
• Only a mechanical protection grid 22 is provided, interposed between the cooking volume 81 and the assembly formed by the convection turbine 9 and the heating means 12, 13 or 14, to prevent mechanical contact with one hand. user with the blades of the turbine rotating or with the heating means.
• the mechanical protection grid 22 is of closed and enveloping cylindrical shape, with a cylindrical peripheral part 23 and a flat front part 24.
• the mechanical protection grid 22 is with sufficiently wide meshes so as not to disturb the circulation of air to or from the convection turbine 9, and with sufficiently tight meshes to prevent their passage by the fingers of a user.
• the size of the mesh can for example be chosen in a range of values from approximately 22 mm to 8 x 8 mm. One can advantageously choose a mesh of about 4 x 4 mm.
• the front part 24 of the mechanical protection grid 22 carries, in its central zone, a filter 29 or grid with finer meshes, favoring a regular flow of air around the gas burner 14 for stabilization of the flame.
• a convection turbine 9 with a generally cylindrical structure, with a rear flange 25 in the form of a disc carrying a plurality of short front blades 26 distributed around the periphery.
• the diameter D of the convection turbine 9 is preferably greater than one third of the largest dimension (width or height) of the adjacent rear peripheral wall 7.
• the convection turbine 9 comprises at least twelve front blades 26 having a radial dimension less than one tenth of its diameter D.
• the opposite direction is defined with respect to the orientation of the blades 26: in FIGS. 2 and 5, it can be seen that the blades 26 are inclined towards the left with respect to their corresponding radial direction C; by this orientation, the blades produce an effective centrifugal thrust of the air when the turbine rotates clockwise; the opposite direction is in this case the anticlockwise direction.
• a cleaning device 27 by spraying water into the muffle 1.
• the cleaning device 27 may comprise a horizontal cup placed adjacent to the center of the upper ceiling wall 3, with central water supply means to produce a flow of water towards the periphery of the cup parallel to the upper wall of ceiling 3. Water is projected radially around the periphery of the cup, preferably when the oven is still relatively hot, and the water then flows on all the peripheral walls of the oven as well as on the convection turbine 9 and the heating means.
• the particular structure of the oven according to the invention also allows correct operation in a combi-oven, that is to say in the presence of steam in the cooking chamber generated by an integrated steam generator.

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
• Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
• General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Baking, Grill, Roasting (AREA)
• Electric Ovens (AREA)
• Crystals, And After-Treatments Of Crystals (AREA)
• Fats And Perfumes (AREA)
• Superconductors And Manufacturing Methods Therefor (AREA)
• Harvester Elements (AREA)

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• 2001
  • 2001-07-31 FR FR0110415A patent/FR2828269B1/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
• 2002
  • 2002-07-29 US US10/485,184 patent/US7044122B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 2002-07-29 AT AT02774848T patent/ATE404826T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 2002-07-29 DE DE60228260T patent/DE60228260D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 2002-07-29 EP EP02774848A patent/EP1412677B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 2002-07-29 PT PT02774848T patent/PT1412677E/pt unknown
  • 2002-07-29 ES ES02774848T patent/ES2312627T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 2002-07-29 WO PCT/FR2002/002707 patent/WO2003012342A1/fr active IP Right Grant

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