Classifications

• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
  • A61K9/0012—Galenical forms characterised by the site of application
  • A61K9/0048—Eye, e.g. artificial tears
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P25/00—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
  • A61P25/02—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system for peripheral neuropathies
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P27/00—Drugs for disorders of the senses
  • A61P27/02—Ophthalmic agents
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P27/00—Drugs for disorders of the senses
  • A61P27/02—Ophthalmic agents
  • A61P27/06—Antiglaucoma agents or miotics
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P27/00—Drugs for disorders of the senses
  • A61P27/02—Ophthalmic agents
  • A61P27/14—Decongestants or antiallergics
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P29/00—Non-central analgesic, antipyretic or antiinflammatory agents, e.g. antirheumatic agents; Non-steroidal antiinflammatory drugs [NSAID]
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P31/00—Antiinfectives, i.e. antibiotics, antiseptics, chemotherapeutics
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P31/00—Antiinfectives, i.e. antibiotics, antiseptics, chemotherapeutics
  • A61P31/10—Antimycotics
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P31/00—Antiinfectives, i.e. antibiotics, antiseptics, chemotherapeutics
  • A61P31/12—Antivirals
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P37/00—Drugs for immunological or allergic disorders
  • A61P37/08—Antiallergic agents
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P43/00—Drugs for specific purposes, not provided for in groups A61P1/00-A61P41/00

Definitions

• the invention relates to pharmaceutical, in particular ophthalmic compositions, e.g. gels and a method for treating ocular disorders/diseases by administration of said compositions.
• Ophthalmic compositions have often to be applied several, typically two to four times a day, like, for instance, ophthalmic compositions comprising ketotifen which are known, e.g. from WO 01/07049 and commercially available, e.g. under the trademark Zaditen ® or Zaditor ® .
• Such repeated administration is not optimal in practice because the patient has, for instance, to have the medicament always available and is disrupted several times a day by the need of administering the composition. Therefore such multiple administration of a drug, in particular of an ophthalmic composition, generally leads to the problem of overdosing and/or underdosing. Overdosing, however, may typically generate ocular irritation, whereas underdosing may typically lead to re-occurrence of the symptoms.
• compositions in particular ophthalmic compositions, can be formulated for once-a-day administration.
• Said compositions provide the therapeutic effect the drug they comprise, for instance of an ophthalmic drug like ketotifen, at the eye over about 24 hours.
• Such compositions are surprisingly well tolerated, and produce a highly reliable and strongly reproducible clinical result in a patient treated therewith.
• the present invention provides an ophthalmic composition, particularly for topical once-a-day administration, which comprises an ophthalmic drug and a linear polysaccharide compound, preferably a hyaluronic acid compound (hereinafter compositions of the present invention).
• Suitable ophthalmic drugs include anti-inflammatory drugs such as indomethacin, diclofenac, tenoxicam, piroxicam, hydrocortisone, medrysone, prednisolone, methylprednisolone, betamethasone, triamcinolone acetonide, dexamethasone, fluorometholone; drugs against allergy such as ketotifen, antazoline, cromoglycate; drugs for treatment of glaucoma such as timolol, betaxolol, carteolol, befunolol, levobunolol, pilocarpine, unoprostone, latanoprost, valsartan; miotics such as pilocarpine, aceclidine, carbachol, acetycholine; mydriatics such as tropicamide, atropine, phenylephrine, cyclopentolate, scopolamine, homatrop
• the ophthalmic drug is selected from diclofenac, prednisolone, ketotifen, timolol, valsartan, griseofulvine, ascorbic acid and retinal, or is, very particularly, ketotifen.
• Suitable ophthalmic drugs may be e.g. in their free base or acid form, or in form of a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof and may be used in combination of two or more than two.
• the concentration of ophthalmic drug is preferably from about 0.005 - 5%, preferably 0.01 - 2%, even more preferably from 0.01 - 1%, e.g. 0.01 to 0.2%, e.g. 0.01 to 0.1% and in particular from 0.01 to 0.05, preferably 0.02 - 0.04%, in each case by weight based on the total weight of the composition.
• compositions of the present invention may be in the form of a suspension, e.g. containing particles of ophthalmic drug e.g. with a mean particle diameter of 200 to 25000 nm.
• compositions of the present invention may comprise pharmaceutically acceptable excipients, which are suitable for ophthalmic compositions.
• excipients of the compositions of the present invention and the compositions themselves should, in general, not detrimentally affect the lacrima! system nor the ocular tear film.
• the linear polysaccharide compound of the compositions of the instant invention preferably comprises a hyaluronic acid compound (hyaluronan; Fiedler, loc. cit, p. 763) such as known and commercially available from Vitrolife AB, Sweden, or from Pentapharm AG, Switzerland, e.g. under the names hyaluronic acid Pentapharm or hyaluronic acid BT. Even more preferably the linear polysaccharide compound of the compositions is a hyaluronic acid compound.
• the hyaluronic acid compound is an alkali salt of hyaluronic acids, e.g. sodium hyaluronate.
• the hyaluronic acid may be obtained in a way known per se, e.g. from cocks combs or biotechnically.
• the molecular weight is e.g. from about 0.4*10 6 to about 3 * 10 6 g/mol or to about 4*10 6 g/mol.
• Preferred molecular weights are above about 0.75*10 6 g/mol, even more preferably about 2.6*10 6 g/mol.
• polysaccharide compound in particular of hyaluronic compound
• amount may be from 0.05 to 10%, e.g. 0.1 to 10%, preferably from 0.1 to 2% by weight of the total composition.
• compositions of the present invention may comprise (2.) an usual tonicity enhancing agent.
• Suitable tonicity enhancing agents are, e.g.
• ionic compounds such as alkali metal or alkaline earth metal halides, such as CaCI 2 , KBr, KCI, UCI, Nal, NaBr or NaCI, or boric acid, and/or
• non-ionic compounds such as urea, glycerol, sorbitol, mannitol, propylene glycol, or dextrose.
• sufficient tonicity enhancing agent is added to impart to the ready-for-use ophthalmic composition an osmolality of approximately from 50 to 1000 mOsmol, preferred from 100 to 400 mOsmol, more preferred from 200 to 400 mOsmol and even more preferred from 280 to 350 mOsmol.
• a suitable pH-modifying agent includes e.g. sodium hydroxide e.g. in form of a one molar solution.
• buffer substances are acetate, ascorbate, borate, hydrogen carbonate/carbonate, citrate, gluconate, lactate, phosphate, propionate and tromethamine (tris-(hydroxymethyl)-amino- methane, TRIS) buffers.
• Tromethamine buffer is preferred.
• the buffer substance added is typically of an amount to ensure and maintain a physiologically tolerable pH range.
• the pH range is generally in the range of from 4 to 9, preferably from 4.5 to 8.5 and more preferably from 5.0 to 8.2.
• compositions of the present invention may further comprise (4.) a preservative, e.g. on storage or to inhibit microbial growth after opening a closed container holding such a composition and exposing such a composition to the air.
• a preservative may typically be selected from e.g.
• quaternary ammonium compound such as e.g. benzalkonium chloride (N-benzyl- N-(C 8 -C 18 -alkyl)-N,N-dimethylammonium chloride), benzoxonium chloride, cetrimide (hexadecyl-trimethylarnmonium bromide) or the like.
• benzalkonium chloride N-benzyl- N-(C 8 -C 18 -alkyl)-N,N-dimethylammonium chloride
• benzoxonium chloride cetrimide (hexadecyl-trimethylarnmonium bromide) or the like.
• alkyl-mercury salts of thiosalicylic acid such as e.g. thiomersal, phenylmercuric nitrate, phenylmercuric acetate or phenylmercuric borate,
• parabens such as e.g. methylparaben or propylparaben
• alcohols such as e.g. chlorobutanol, benzyl alcohol or phenyl ethanol,
• biguanide derivatives such as e.g. chlorohexidine or polyhexamethylene biguanide
• polyglycol-polyamine condensation resins such as known and commercially available e.g. under the trade name Polyquart® from Henkel KGaA, and/or
• Preferred preservatives are quaternary ammonium compounds, in particular benzalkonium chloride and cetrimide. Where appropriate, a sufficient amount of preservative is added to the ophthalmic composition to ensure protection against secondary contaminations during use caused by bacteria and fungi, e.g. the preferred preservatives are present in an amount of about 0.001-0.02%.
• compositions according to the instant invention may additionally require the presence of (5.) a solubilizer, in particular if the active or the inactive ingredients tends to form a suspension or an emulsion.
• a solubilizer suitable for an above concerned composition is e.g.
• Triton® e.g. Triton ® WR 1339, (Fiedler, loc. ci , p 1609)
• the fatty acid ester may include mono and/or di and/or tri fatty acid ester.
• the fatty acid constituent may include both saturated and unsaturated fatty acids having a chain length of from e.g. C 8 -C 20 .
• the polyethylene glycols may have e.g. from 5 to 40 [CH 2 -CH 2 -O] units, e.g. 5 or 30 units.
• Particularly suitable is polyethylene glycol (15) glyceryl monostearate or polyethylene glycol (15) glyceryl monooleate which is commercially available, e.g. under the trade name TGMS®-15 or TGMO®-15, respectively, e.g.
• polyethylene glycol (30) glyceryl monooleate which is commercially available, e.g. under the trade name Tagat® O, e.g. from Goldschmidt (H. Fiedler, joe cit, vol. 2, p. 1502-1503).
• polyethylene glycol glyceryl C 8 -C 10 fatty acid ester with from 5 to 10 [CH 2 -CH 2 -O] units, e.g. 7 units, e.g. Cetiol® HE, or Labrasol®
• polyoxyethylene C 8-20 fatty acid esters e.g. polyoxyethylene stearic acid esters of the type known and commercially available under the trade name Myrj® (Fiedler, loc. cit. 2, p. 1042) or Brij® (Fiedler, loc. cit, p. 259; Handbook of Pharmaceutical Excipients, loc. cit. p. 367).
• Myrj® 52 having a D 25 of about 1.1, a melting point of about 40 to 44°C, an HLB value of about 16.9, an acid value of about 0 to 1 and a saponification value of about 25 to 35,
• cyclodextrins e.g. ⁇ -, ⁇ - or ⁇ -cyclodextrin, e.g. alkylated, hydroxyalkylated, carboxy- alkylated or alkyloxycarbonyl-alkylated derivatives, or mono- or diglycosyl- ⁇ -, ⁇ - or ⁇ - cyclodextrin, mono- or dimaltosyl- ⁇ -, ⁇ - or ⁇ - cyclodextrin or panosyl-cyclodextrin, e.g. such as known and commercially available under the trade name Cavamax® or Cavasol® from Wacker Chemie.
• An especially preferred product of this class is hydroxypropyl- ⁇ -cyclodextrin, e.g. as known and commercially available under the trade name Cavasol® W7 HP or Cavasol® W8 HP.
• a mixture of cyclodextrins may also be used.
• polysorbates e.g. produced by co- polymerising ethylene oxide with fatty acid esters of a sorbitol and its anhydrides of e.g. mono- and tri- lauryl, palmityl, stearyl and oleyl esters e.g. of the type known and commercially available under the trade name Tween® (Fiedler, loc.cit. p.1615) including the products Tween® 20 [polyoxyethylene(20)sorbitanmonolaurate], 21 [polyoxyethylene(4)sorbitanmonolaurate], 40 [polyoxyethylene(20)sorbitanmonopalmitate],
• Especially preferred products of this class are Tween®20 and Tween®80.
• reaction products of natural or hydrogenated vegetable oils and ethylene glycol i.e. polyoxyethylene glycolated natural or hydrogenated vegetable oils, for example polyoxyethylene glycolated natural or hydrogenated castor oils.
• Such products may be obtained in known manner, e.g. by reaction of a natural or hydrogenated castor oil or fractions thereof with ethylene oxide, e.g. in a molar ratio of from about 1:35 to about 1 :60, with optional removal of free polyethylene glycol components from the product, e.g. in accordance with the methods disclosed in German Auslegeschriften 1,182,388 and 1,518,819.
• Especially suitable are the various tensides available under the trade name Cremophor.
• Nikkol e.g. Nikkol HCO-60
• solubilizers are Cremophor EL, Cremophor RH 40, tyloxapol and cyclodextrins.
• the concentration used depends especially on the concentration of the active ingredient.
• the amount added is typically sufficient to solubilize the active ingredient.
• the concentration of the solubilizer is from 0.1 to 5000 times the concentration of the active ingredient, preferably 0.5 to 1000, e.g. 1 to 500.
• solubilizers like those mentioned, in particular a solubilizers selected from reaction products of natural or hydrogenated oils and ethylene glycol, for example Chremophor ® EL, and octylphenoxy- poly(ethylenoxy)ethanol (tyloxapol) which is preferred.
• solubilizers like those mentioned, in particular a solubilizers selected from reaction products of natural or hydrogenated oils and ethylene glycol, for example Chremophor ® EL, and octylphenoxy- poly(ethylenoxy)ethanol (tyloxapol) which is preferred.
• compositions of the present invention may in particular function as a combined stabilizer/solubilizer.
• a combined additional stabilizer/solubilizer is for example a cyclodextrin or a mixture of cyclodextrins.
• a preferred cyclodextrin is in particular selected from the group of ⁇ -cyclodextrin, ⁇ -cyclodextrin, ⁇ -cyclo- dextrin, hydroxypropyl- ⁇ -cyclodextrin, hydroxypropyl- ⁇ -cyclodextrin, dimethyl- ⁇ -cyclodextrin, randomly methylated ⁇ -cyclodextrin and dimethyl- ⁇ -cyclodextrin.
• the amount is generally in the range of from approximately 0.01 to approximately 90% by weight, more preferably in the range of from 0.1 - 20% by weight.
• the ophthalmic compositions may comprise further pharmaceutically acceptable excipients, such as (6.) emulsifiers, (7.) wetting agents or (8.) fillers, such as, e.g. the polyethylene glycols (Fiedler, loc. cit., p. 2108, Handbook of Pharmaceutical Excipients, loc. cit.. p 392) such as PEG 200, 300, 400 and 600, or Carbowax® 1000, 1500, 4000, 6000 and 10000.
• excipients that may be used if desired are listed below but they are not intended to limit in any way the scope of the possible excipients.
• complexing agents such as disodium-ethylenediamine tetraacetate, ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA), (10.) antioxidants, such as ascorbic acid, acetylcysteine, cysteine, sodium hydrogen sulfite, butylated hydroxyanisole, butylated hydroxytoluene or alpha-tocopherol acetate; (11.) stabilizers, such thiourea, thiosorbitol, sodium dioctyl sulfosuccinate or monothioglycerol; or (12.) other excipients, such as, for example, lauric acid sorbitol ester, triethanol amine oleate or palmitic acid ester.
• Preferred exipients are complexing agents, such as disodium-EDTA.
• the amount and type of excipient added is in accordance with the particular requirements and is generally in the range of from about 0.0001 to about 90% by weight
• compositions further comprising (13.) an ophthalmic carrier.
• ophthalmic carriers are typically adapted for topical administration, and are for example
• water-soluble polymers for ophthalmic uses such as, for example, cellulose derivatives, such as methylcellulose, alkali metal salts of carboxy-methylcellulose, hydroxymethylcellulose, hydroxyethylcellulose, methylhydroxypropyl-cellulose and hydroxypropylcellulose,
• acrylates or methacrylates such as salts of polyacrylic acid or ethyl acrylate, poly- acrylamides,
• starch derivatives such as starch acetate and hydroxypropyl starch
• Preferred carriers are water, cellulose derivatives, such as methylcellulose, alkali metal salts of carboxymethylcellulose, hydroxymethylcellulose, hydroxyethylcellulose, methylhydroxy- propylcellulose and hydroxypropylcellulose, or mixtures thereof.
• concentration of the carrier is, for example, from 1 to 100000 times the concentration of the active ingredient.
• excipients have been described above by reference to a particular function any particular excipient may have alternative or multiple functions, e.g. cyclodextrin or a mixture of cyclodextrins may act as e.g. stabilizer, complexing agent and/or solubilizer.
• compositions of the present invention with moderate viscosity, e.g. from 500 to 2000, e.g. about 1000 to 2000, mPa s at 20-25°C are particularly comfortable to apply.
• moderate viscosity e.g. from 500 to 2000, e.g. about 1000 to 2000, mPa s at 20-25°C
• the viscosity of the compositions of the present invention generally decreases, due to dilution with tear liquid.
• the compositions of the present invention still have a good or even excellent retention after instillation into the eye.
• the excipients of the compositions of the present invention and the amounts thereof may be chosen such, that the viscosity of the compositions increases from storage temperatures, e.g. 20°C, to the temperatures at the surface of the eyes, e.g. 32-34°C, so that the compositions are of relatively low viscosity when in the container, for instance a drop bottle, and have a viscosity in the range indicated above on the eye.
• This can e. g. be achieved by incorporation of thermo-reversible polymers.
• compositions of the present invention are stable, as indicated by conventional tests, e.g. under stressed conditions, such as 15h at 80°C or 1 month at 40°C.
• the compositions of the present invention are stable over 2, even 3, years showing less than 5 % degradation of the ophthalmic drug at 20 to 30°C.
• compositions according to the instant invention comprises ketotifen or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof as the ophthalmic drug, in particular, ketotifen hydrogen fumarate, preferably in a concentration from 0.005 to 0.2%, even more preferably from 0.01 - 0.1%, e.g. 0.01 to 0.05%, e.g. 0.01 to 0.04% and in particular from 0.02 - 0.04%, even more preferably about 0.025%, by weight based on the total weight of the composition.
• ketotifen hydrogen fumarate preferably in a concentration from 0.005 to 0.2%, even more preferably from 0.01 - 0.1%, e.g. 0.01 to 0.05%, e.g. 0.01 to 0.04% and in particular from 0.02 - 0.04%, even more preferably about 0.025%, by weight based on the total weight of the composition.
• These composition comprise the hyaluronic acid compound, preferably sodium hyaluronate, for instance in a concentration of 0.05 to 10%, preferably
• compositions furthermore comprises benzalkonium chloride as preservative, and a solubilizer, in particular selected from a reaction product of natural or hydrogenated oils and ethylene glycol and octylphenoxy-poly(ethylenoxy)ethanol.
• benzalkonium chloride as preservative
• solubilizer in particular selected from a reaction product of natural or hydrogenated oils and ethylene glycol and octylphenoxy-poly(ethylenoxy)ethanol.
• the ophthalmic compositions of the present invention may be prepared in conventional manner e.g. by mixing the ophthalmic drug and appropriate excipients.
• compositions of the present invention are preferably clear, preferably in form of clear solution or gel, e.g. clear gel.
• Filling may be effected before or after sterilization of the resulting mixture.
• Sterilization of the composition of the present invention and the primary package can be effected e.g. by gamma irradiation, by ethylene oxide treatment, by electron beam, by autoclaving, by microwave treatment, by filtration through a sterile filter, or by steam sterilization.
• compositions of the present invention may be packaged in conventional manner.
• the compositions of the present invention may be stored in single or multiple unit dosage form, e.g. closed bottles, tubes or other containers made from glass, plastic such as e.g. polyethylene, polyethylene terephthalate, or polypropylene, or metal or combinations thereof.
• bottles may contain about 1 to 5 ml of the compositions of the present invention.
• the container may be fitted with a dropper to facilitate administration.
• compositions of the present invention may be formulated in conventional manner e.g. to be particularly adapted for topical ophthalmic use.
• procedures for formulation are not particularly described herein such formulation procedures may for example be known in the art, or analogous to those known in the art or to procedures described herein. Representative procedures are disclosed in for example, Remington's Pharmaceutical Sciences, 19th Ed., Mack Publ., Co., 1995, H. Sucker et al, Pharmazeutician Technologie, 2nd Edition, Thieme, 1991, R: H. Mueller et al, Pharmazeutician Technologie: Moderne Arzneistoffformen, 2nd Edition,maschineliche Verlagsgesellschaft, Stuttgart, 1998, L. Lachman et al.
• excipients used may e.g. be those known in the art e.g in the Lexikon der Hilfsstoffe f ⁇ r Pharmazie, Kosmetik und anqrenzende füre; and Handbook of Pharmaceutical Excipients. references referred to above, or analogous to those known in the art or new excipients having analogous function to those described in the art or herein.
• compositions of the present invention are useful for the treatment of ophthalmic diseases/disorders, dependent on the drug comprised in the compositions for the treatment e.g. of inflammation, allergy, glaucoma, miosis, anaesthesia, viruses, fungi or microorganism as indicated e.g. in standard animal trials and clinical trials.
• the compositions of the present invention comprising ketotifen as drug are useful for the temporary prevention of itching of the eye due to allergic conjunctivitis, and in particular of seasonal allergic conjunctivitis, and may be used for the treatment and prevention of signs and symptoms of seasonal allergic conjunctivitis as also indicated in standard animal trials and clinical trials.
• One animal test comprises a modified Draize test on three albino rabbits wherein the ocular tolerability after a single dose instillation of 50 microlitres of compositions of the present invention on the ocular surface is shown for the 15 minutes after instillation then after 1, 2 and 7 days.
• the tolerability was based on visual examination considering the following parameters: discomfort as judged by blinking or partial/complete closure of the eye, duration of discomfort, discharge, redness of conjunctiva (palpebral and bulbar conjunctiva), chemosis of conjunctiva (swelling), degree of opacity of cornea and area of cornea involved, and pathological modification of the iris.
• a clinical trial may be effected to test the efficacy and tolerability of about 30 to 40 microlitre of compositions of the present invention containing 0.025% of drug administered once a day by instillation onto the ocular surface, e.g. to the inside lower lid, to groups of, e.g. 10 to 25, healthy volunteers, or patients suffering from ophthalmic disease/disorder to be treated.
• the trial lasts e.g. 8 days.
• the subjects are examined to determine the effect against conjunctivitis, e.g. fast onset of action and long duration of action and good tolerability, e.g. lack of significant irritation or reddening.
• compositions of the present invention in the above trials as determined by absorption in the conjunctiva or surrounding tissues are comparable with commercially available forms which are administered twice a day.
• a fixed volume, e.g. 50 microliters, of the ophthalmic formulation was instilled onto the upper part of the conjunctiva of rabbits.
• Bulbar conjunctiva, cornea and sclera were sampled after either 5, 15, 30 minutes, or, 1, 8, 16, or 20 h. Samples were extracted for drug determination related to the wet weight amount of tissue. Content of drug was determined using a liquid chromatography linked to mass spectrography (LC-MS) validated method.
• LC-MS liquid chromatography linked to mass spectrography
• the composition of the present invention is administered to the cornea once a day, e.g. after breakfast.
• the daily dose of the drug depends on the kind of drug and on the indication. Ketotifen, for example, is to be administered in doses from about 1 micrograms/kg to about 5 micrograms/kg. For larger mammals, e.g. a 70 kg mammal such as a human, a dose of from about 100 to about 300 micrograms, is indicated.
• the present invention provides:
• compositions as described above for use in the treatment of ophthalmic diseases/disorders for instance, treatment of inflammation, allergy, glaucoma, miosis, anaesthesia or infections caused by viruses, fungi or microorganisms,
• ketotifen for use in the treatment of allergic conjunctivitis and, in particular, of treatment and prevention of seasonal allergic conjunctivitis, or a condition treatable by ketotifen therapy
• a method for treating ophthalmic diseases/disorders for instance, treatment of inflammation, allergy, glaucoma, miosis, anaesthesia or infections caused by viruses, fungi or microorganism, including a topical once-a-day administration of a composition as described above, thereby providing the therapeutic effect of the drug in said composition at the eye over about 24 hours
• a method for treating allergic conjunctivitis in particular for treating and preventing seasonal allergic conjunctivitis or a condition treatable by ketotifen therapy, including a once-a-day administration of a composition as described above comprising ketotifen to the eye of a patient in need thereof,
• compositions as described above in the preparation of a medicament for the treatment of ophthalmic diseases/disorders, for instance, the treatment of inflammation, allergy, glaucoma, miosis, anaesthesia or infections caused by viruses, fungi or microorganisms, and
• compositions as described above comprising ketotifen in the preparation of a medicament for the treatment of allergic conjunctivitis, in particular, for treatment and prevention of seasonal allergic conjunctivitis or a condition treatable by ketotifen therapy.
• excipients (amounts given in % weight/ weight as described in table below) are added in turn to the water and the mixture stirred.
• compositions of examples 1 to 4 are stable clear, colourless solutions. They show a good to moderate tolerability in rabbit eye and are effective against seasonal allergic conjunctivitis as administered as described above.
• compositions of Example 3 and 4 demonstrate an improvement of the bioavailability in conjunctiva, cornea and sclera as compared to Zaditen ® after single dose application.
• the improvement of ketotifen bioavailability (AUC 0 .o8-20 h [ ⁇ g-g "1 -h]) after 50 ⁇ l single topical application of the formulations according to Ex. 3 and 4 to the ocular surface are shown in the following table.

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• 2002
  • 2002-06-06 AR ARP020102106A patent/AR034371A1/es unknown
  • 2002-06-07 AU AU2002314149A patent/AU2002314149A1/en not_active Abandoned
  • 2002-06-07 CN CNA028115317A patent/CN1514735A/zh active Pending
  • 2002-06-07 CA CA002449213A patent/CA2449213A1/en not_active Abandoned
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