EP1400443B1 - Auxiliary rudder for an electric azimuthing propeller intended for fast ships and operating method for said auxiliary rudder - Google Patents

Auxiliary rudder for an electric azimuthing propeller intended for fast ships and operating method for said auxiliary rudder Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1400443B1
EP1400443B1 EP03020704A EP03020704A EP1400443B1 EP 1400443 B1 EP1400443 B1 EP 1400443B1 EP 03020704 A EP03020704 A EP 03020704A EP 03020704 A EP03020704 A EP 03020704A EP 1400443 B1 EP1400443 B1 EP 1400443B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
rudder
vessel
auxiliary rudder
operating method
auxiliary
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EP03020704A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP1400443A1 (en
Inventor
Wolfgang Rzadki
Hannes Dr. Schulze Horn
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Siemens AG
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Siemens AG
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63H—MARINE PROPULSION OR STEERING
    • B63H25/00—Steering; Slowing-down otherwise than by use of propulsive elements; Dynamic anchoring, i.e. positioning vessels by means of main or auxiliary propulsive elements
    • B63H25/06—Steering by rudders
    • B63H25/38—Rudders
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63H—MARINE PROPULSION OR STEERING
    • B63H25/00—Steering; Slowing-down otherwise than by use of propulsive elements; Dynamic anchoring, i.e. positioning vessels by means of main or auxiliary propulsive elements
    • B63H25/42—Steering or dynamic anchoring by propulsive elements; Steering or dynamic anchoring by propellers used therefor only; Steering or dynamic anchoring by rudders carrying propellers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63H—MARINE PROPULSION OR STEERING
    • B63H5/00—Arrangements on vessels of propulsion elements directly acting on water
    • B63H5/07—Arrangements on vessels of propulsion elements directly acting on water of propellers
    • B63H5/125—Arrangements on vessels of propulsion elements directly acting on water of propellers movably mounted with respect to hull, e.g. adjustable in direction, e.g. podded azimuthing thrusters
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63H—MARINE PROPULSION OR STEERING
    • B63H5/00—Arrangements on vessels of propulsion elements directly acting on water
    • B63H5/07—Arrangements on vessels of propulsion elements directly acting on water of propellers
    • B63H5/125—Arrangements on vessels of propulsion elements directly acting on water of propellers movably mounted with respect to hull, e.g. adjustable in direction, e.g. podded azimuthing thrusters
    • B63H2005/1254—Podded azimuthing thrusters, i.e. podded thruster units arranged inboard for rotation about vertical axis
    • B63H2005/1258—Podded azimuthing thrusters, i.e. podded thruster units arranged inboard for rotation about vertical axis with electric power transmission to propellers, i.e. with integrated electric propeller motors

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an auxiliary rudder on an electric rudder propeller, which is rotatably disposed under the stern of a fast seagoing ship and serves as a main rudder for the ship, wherein the electric rudder propeller comprises an electric motor in a housing which is arranged at the end of a support shaft which is rotatable connected to the stern of the ship and an operating method for the auxiliary rudder and a special use of the auxiliary rudder.
  • auxiliary rudder for an electric rudder propeller which is arranged at the trailing edge of the support shaft for the housing of the electric motor.
  • this known auxiliary rudder it is disadvantageous that it lies in the swirling outflow zone of the support shaft for the housing of the electric motor and also partly in the swirling outflow of the ship's tail.
  • the movement of the known auxiliary rudder is hydraulic. Overall, a complex, heavy design results with impaired effect.
  • Other auxiliary rudder configurations are known from EP 1 270 402 A1 known. However, an operating method for these auxiliary rudder configurations that allows for optimized control of the vessel under different operating conditions is not disclosed. This document is considered relevant for Article 54 (3) EPC.
  • an operating method for the auxiliary rudder which controls the movements of the auxiliary rudder in dependence on the ship's speed. It is provided that the adjustment speed and / or the maximum adjustment angle is set as a function of speed ranges.
  • the speed ranges are e.g. once the area small ride, once the area average ride and once the range fast ride. In these areas, the auxiliary rudder is used differently to suit its operational task.
  • auxiliary rudder in naval vessels, which are e.g. Waterjets in the central nave area, with which the ship can be controlled and powered even with stationary rudder propellers.
  • stationary rudder propellers the ailerons are operated independently and can be used both as a high speed rudder and as a support rudder for the control of the waterjets.
  • Their function as support rudder they practice in the event of failure of the Rudderpropellerfanen. For this they have advantageous from the rudder propeller engines separate electrical lines, so that there is a redundant rudder system for a fast-moving ship.
  • FIGURE 1 1 designates the underside of the stern of the ship and 3 the draft propeller and 4 the thrust propeller of the electric rudder propeller 7.
  • the number 5 denotes the riding unit of the auxiliary rudder 6 which is attached to a stationary part 2.
  • This auxiliary rudder design responds relatively insensitive to changes in the propeller flow and is mechanically highly resilient.
  • FIGURE 2 showing an electric rudder propeller with a tractor propeller 9
  • the auxiliary rudder 10 is formed as a pre-balanced rudder.
  • 8 electrical windings are arranged in the housing of the electric rudder propeller, which are, for example, over the outer wall of the housing 8 are heated. This results in a particularly slim shape of the housing 8 of the electric rudder propeller with little turbulence of the passing water.
  • the effect of the auxiliary rudder is correspondingly good.
  • the auxiliary rudder 10 is e.g. via a shaft with a worm wheel 12 and an electric motor with pinion 11 moves. These units can be advantageously arranged in the free end behind the housing 8 of the electric rudder propeller. Between the auxiliary rudder 10 and the free end of the housing 8 is a fin 13, which is integrally formed on the housing end and exerts a stabilizing effect in fast straight-ahead driving.
  • FIG. 3 13 designates the control unit of the ship, the setpoint generator for the rudder positions and flaps, eg the flaps 21 at the end of a waterjet.
  • the setpoint generators are provided with ramps and work, for example, as a function of the speed.
  • the control unit advantageously corresponds to the usual state of ship automation and has programmable controllers, for example of the type SIMATIC S7, Siemens.
  • the locking system 15 for the individual rudder system components is advantageously carried out in this technique.
  • the locking system 15 reliably prevents the auxiliary rudder control unit 18 from performing a rotational movement indicated by the double arrow 20 when the azimuth control unit controls a rotational movement for the entire rudder propeller indicated by the double arrow 19.
  • the automation system also has a control unit 16 for the control valves of the water jets or on.
  • control flaps 21 are controlled via a unit 22, e.g. when the electric rudder propellers have failed. It is understood that the control units shown are redundant, so that e.g. when hitting a ship's side in a naval (navy) ship, the entire ship still remains taxable and motive.
  • the control of the rudder systems is dependent on the ship's speed.
  • the ship is powered only by the electric Rudderpropellerantrieb.
  • the ship's direction is controlled at this speed only with the rotation of the electric rudder propellers and arranged on these Azimuthantrieben.
  • the position of the auxiliary rudder is advantageously locked in the zero position relative to the housing.
  • the twist angle of the electric rudder propeller is unlimited and is 0 to 360 degrees.
  • the ship's direction is controlled essentially with the rotation of the electrical Rudderpropellerantriebssystems.
  • the angle of rotation for the electric rudder propellers is limited and is e.g. in the range of 0 to ⁇ 40 degrees.
  • the auxiliary rudder then operates either as a locked trim rudder or, preferably when the top speed range is reached, as a support rudder with a deflection relative to the main rudder formed by the electric rudder propeller itself, as required.
  • faster rudder maneuvers result, in particular a faster initiation of rudder maneuvers.
  • the ship At a ship speed that is slightly above the speed achievable by the electric rudder propellers, the ship is essentially propelled by the waterjet engines.
  • the Rudderpropeller rotate with, but do not produce the significant propulsion.
  • the ship's direction is controlled primarily only with the rotation of the auxiliary rudder.
  • In the lower speed range can also be the combination of the auxiliary rudder with or the steering flaps of the waterjet drives for a faster rowing maneuver be useful.
  • the rudder position of the ship can only be done with the steering flaps of the waterjet drives.
  • the Azimuthantriebe of electric rudder or pitchers are locked when using the waterjets in their zero position. This position may differ slightly from the zero position for hydrodynamic reasons, e.g. in the range ⁇ 5 degrees. Thus, a stable straight ahead without permanent rudder pad maneuvers can be achieved.
  • the ship is powered by the combined combination of electric rudder propeller and waterjet drives.
  • the ship's direction is then controlled primarily by the rotation of the auxiliary rudder.
  • the combination of the auxiliary rudder with the steering flap (s) of the waterjet drives can also make sense.
  • the Azimuthantrieb the electric Rudderpropeller is locked at maximum speed advantageous in the zero position. This position may also differ slightly from the zero position for hydrodynamic reasons, e.g. in the range of 0 to ⁇ 5 degrees. This results in a particularly stable straight-ahead driving behavior.
  • the thruster system is independent of the ship's other propulsion and control systems, and is typically manually operated by control means, e.g. by separate pushbuttons or a joystick, operated. This actuation process is also usually lockable so that it can not be inadvertently put into operation at higher speeds.

Abstract

The propeller system (7) is mounted beneath the keel (1) of the boat and in one version can have push and pull propellers (3,4). The electrically powered rudder (6) is mounted to be clear of the flow turbulence. This is moved through a controlled angle by a worm gear coupling to the actuator motor. The rudder can be used on fast water jet boats.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Hilfsruder an einem elektrischen Ruderpropeller, der drehbar unter dem Heck eines schnellen seegehenden Schiffes angeordnet ist und als Hauptruder für das Schiff dient, wobei der elektrische Ruderpropeller einen Elektromotor in einem Gehäuse aufweist, das am Ende eines Tragschafts angeordnet ist, der drehbar mit dem Heck des Schiffes verbunden ist und ein Betriebsverfahren für das Hilfsruder sowie eine besondere Verwendung des Hilfsruders.The invention relates to an auxiliary rudder on an electric rudder propeller, which is rotatably disposed under the stern of a fast seagoing ship and serves as a main rudder for the ship, wherein the electric rudder propeller comprises an electric motor in a housing which is arranged at the end of a support shaft which is rotatable connected to the stern of the ship and an operating method for the auxiliary rudder and a special use of the auxiliary rudder.

Aus der EP 0 901 449 B1 ist ein Hilfsruder für einen elektrischen Ruderpropeller bekannt, das an der Hinterkante des Tragschafts für das Gehäuse des Elektromotors angeordnet ist. Bei diesem bekannten Hilfsruder ist es nachteilig, dass es in der verwirbelten Abströmzone des Tragschafts für das Gehäuse des elektrischen Motors und auch noch teilweise in der verwirbelten Abströmung des Schiffshecks liegt. Aus den vorstehenden Gründen ist es in seiner Wirkung beeinträchtigt und muss auch mechanisch besonders stabil ausgebildet werden. Darüber hinaus ist seine Anbringung und sein Verstellmechanismus aufwendig. Die Bewegung des bekannten Hilfsruders erfolgt hydraulisch. Insgesamt ergibt sich eine aufwendige, schwere Ausführung mit beeinträchtigter Wirkung. Weitere Hilfsruderausgestaltungen sind aus der EP 1 270 402 A1 bekannt. Ein Betriebsverfahren für diese Hilfsruderausgestaltungen, das eine optimierte Steuerung des Schiffes bei unterschiedlichen Betriebsbedingungen erlaubt, ist jedoch nicht offenbart. Dieses Dokument wird für Artikel 54(3) EPÜ als relevant erachtet.From the EP 0 901 449 B1 An auxiliary rudder for an electric rudder propeller is known, which is arranged at the trailing edge of the support shaft for the housing of the electric motor. In this known auxiliary rudder, it is disadvantageous that it lies in the swirling outflow zone of the support shaft for the housing of the electric motor and also partly in the swirling outflow of the ship's tail. For the above reasons, it is impaired in its effect and must also be mechanically very stable. In addition, its attachment and its adjustment mechanism is expensive. The movement of the known auxiliary rudder is hydraulic. Overall, a complex, heavy design results with impaired effect. Other auxiliary rudder configurations are known from EP 1 270 402 A1 known. However, an operating method for these auxiliary rudder configurations that allows for optimized control of the vessel under different operating conditions is not disclosed. This document is considered relevant for Article 54 (3) EPC.

Das Dokument WO 89/05262 wird als nächstliegenden Stand der Tecknik angesehen.The document WO 89/05262 is considered the nearest Tecknik state.

Es ist Aufgabe der Erfindung, ein Betriebsverfahren für Hilfsruder an einem elektrischen Ruderpropeller anzugeben, das besonders vorteilhaft auf die unterschiedlichen Bedürfnisse in Bezug auf seine Funktion bei unterschiedlichen Geschwindigkeiten des Schiffes einstellbar ist.It is an object of the invention to provide an operating method for auxiliary rudder on an electric rudder propeller, which is particularly advantageous to the different needs in terms of its function at different speeds of the ship is adjustable.

Im Rahmen der Erfindung ist ein Betriebsverfahren für das Hilfsruder vorgesehen, das die Bewegungen des Hilfsruders in Abhängigkeit von der Schiffsgeschwindigkeit steuert. Es ist dabei vorgesehen, dass die Verstellgeschwindigkeit und/oder der maximale Verstellwinkel in Abhängigkeit an Geschwindigkeitsbereiche eingestellt wird. Die Geschwindigkeitsbereiche sind z.B. einmal der Bereich kleine Fahrt, einmal der Bereich mittlere Fahrt und einmal der Bereich Schnellfahrt. In diesen Bereichen wird das Hilfsruder in Anpassung an seine betriebsspezifische Aufgabe unterschiedlich eingesetzt.In the context of the invention, an operating method for the auxiliary rudder is provided, which controls the movements of the auxiliary rudder in dependence on the ship's speed. It is provided that the adjustment speed and / or the maximum adjustment angle is set as a function of speed ranges. The speed ranges are e.g. once the area small ride, once the area average ride and once the range fast ride. In these areas, the auxiliary rudder is used differently to suit its operational task.

Eine besondere Bedeutung kommt dem Hilfsruder bei Marine (Navy)-Schiffen zu, die z.B. Waterjets im Mittelschiffsbereich aufweisen, mit denen das Schiff auch bei stillstehenden Ruderpropellern gesteuert und angetrieben werden kann. Bei stillstehenden Ruderpropellern werden die Hilfsruder unabhängig betrieben und können sowohl als Schnellfahrtruder als auch als Unterstützungsruder für die Steuerung durch die Waterjets verwendet werden. Ihre Funktion als Unterstützungsruder üben sie bei dem Ausfall der Ruderpropellerdrehvorrichtungen aus. Hierfür weisen sie vorteilhaft von den Ruderpropellermotoren getrennte elektrische Leitungen auf, so dass sich ein redundantes Rudersystem für ein schnell fahrendes Schiff ergibt. Sie unterstützen die Steuerung durch die Waterjets, die einmal durch unterschiedliche Schubstärken auf den beiden Schiffsseiten erreicht wird, aber auch durch Steuerklappen hinter den Waterjets. Da sich die Waterjets weitgehend im Mittschiffsbereich befinden, ist ihre Steuerwirkung relativ gering, so dass Unterstützungsruder von erheblicher Bedeutung sind.Special importance is attached to the auxiliary rudder in naval vessels, which are e.g. Waterjets in the central nave area, with which the ship can be controlled and powered even with stationary rudder propellers. With stationary rudder propellers, the ailerons are operated independently and can be used both as a high speed rudder and as a support rudder for the control of the waterjets. Their function as support rudder they practice in the event of failure of the Rudderpropellerdrehvorrichtungen. For this they have advantageous from the rudder propeller engines separate electrical lines, so that there is a redundant rudder system for a fast-moving ship. They support the steering by the waterjets, which is achieved by different thrust levels on the two ship sides, but also by control flaps behind the waterjets. Since the water jets are largely in the midships area, their control effect is relatively low, so that support rudder are of considerable importance.

Die Erfindung wird anhand von Zeichnungen beispielhaft näher erläutert, aus denen weitere, auch erfindungswesentliche Einzelheiten, ebenso wie aus den Unteransprüchen, entnehmbar sind.The invention will be described by way of example with reference to drawings, from which further, essential to the invention details, as well as from the dependent claims, can be removed.

Im Einzelnen zeigen:

FIGUR 1
einen elektrischen Ruderpropeller mit Hilfs- ruder, wobei der Ruderpropeller einen Zug- und einen Schubpropeller aufweist,
FIGUR 2
einen schematischen Teilschnitt durch einen elektrischen Ruderpropeller, mit am hinteren Ende angeordnetem Hilfsruder und
FIGUR 3
die grundsätzliche Ausbildung der Steuerein- heiten für das Betriebsverfahren.
In detail show:
FIGURE 1
an electric rudder propeller with auxiliary rudder, the rudder propeller having a traction and a pusher propeller,
FIGURE 2
a schematic partial section through an electric rudder propeller, arranged at the rear end auxiliary rudder and
FIG. 3
the basic training of the control units for the operating procedure.

In FIGUR 1 bezeichnet 1 die Unterseite des Schiffshecks sowie 3 den Zugpropeller und 4 den Schubpropeller des elektrischen Ruderpropellers 7. Mit 5 ist die reitend angeordnete Basiseinheit des Hilfsruders 6 bezeichnet, das an einen feststehenden Teil 2 angehängt ist. Diese Hilfsruderausführung reagiert relativ unempfindlich auf Änderungen des Propellerstroms und ist mechanisch hoch belastbar.In FIGURE 1 1 designates the underside of the stern of the ship and 3 the draft propeller and 4 the thrust propeller of the electric rudder propeller 7. The number 5 denotes the riding unit of the auxiliary rudder 6 which is attached to a stationary part 2. This auxiliary rudder design responds relatively insensitive to changes in the propeller flow and is mechanically highly resilient.

In FIGUR 2, die einen elektrischen Ruderpropeller mit einem Zugpropeller 9 zeigt, ist das Hilfsruder 10 als vorbalanciertes Spatenruder ausgebildet. In schematischer Weise angedeutet sind im Gehäuse des elektrischen Ruderpropellers 8 elektrische Wicklungen angeordnet, die z.B. über die Außenwand des Gehäuses 8 entwärmt werden. So ergibt sich eine besonders schlanke Form des Gehäuses 8 des elektrischen Ruderpropellers mit geringer Verwirbelung des vorbeiströmenden Wassers. Entsprechend gut ist die Wirkung des Hilfsruders.In FIGURE 2 showing an electric rudder propeller with a tractor propeller 9, the auxiliary rudder 10 is formed as a pre-balanced rudder. In a schematic way, 8 electrical windings are arranged in the housing of the electric rudder propeller, which are, for example, over the outer wall of the housing 8 are heated. This results in a particularly slim shape of the housing 8 of the electric rudder propeller with little turbulence of the passing water. The effect of the auxiliary rudder is correspondingly good.

Das Hilfsruder 10 wird z.B. über eine Welle mit einem Schneckenrad 12 und einem Elektromotor mit Ritzel 11 bewegt. Diese Einheiten können vorteilhaft in dem freien Ende hinten im Gehäuse 8 des elektrischen Ruderpropellers angeordnet werden. Zwischen dem Hilfsruder 10 und dem freien Ende des Gehäuses 8 befindet sich eine Flosse 13, die an das Gehäuseende angeformt ist und eine Stabilisierungswirkung bei schneller Geradeausfahrt ausübt.The auxiliary rudder 10 is e.g. via a shaft with a worm wheel 12 and an electric motor with pinion 11 moves. These units can be advantageously arranged in the free end behind the housing 8 of the electric rudder propeller. Between the auxiliary rudder 10 and the free end of the housing 8 is a fin 13, which is integrally formed on the housing end and exerts a stabilizing effect in fast straight-ahead driving.

In FIGUR 3 bezeichnet 13 die Steuereinheit des Schiffes, die Sollwertgeber für die Ruderlagen und Klappen, z.B. die Klappen 21 am Ende eines Waterjets, aufweist. Die Sollwertgeber sind mit Rampen versehen und arbeiten z.B. geschwindigkeitsabhängig. Die Steuereinheit entspricht vorteilhaft dem üblichen Stand der Schiffsautomatisierung und weist programmierbare Controller, z.B. des Typs SIMATIC S7, der Firma Siemens, auf. Auch das Verriegelungssystem 15 für die einzelnen Rudersystemkomponenten ist in vorteilhafter Weise in dieser Technik ausgeführt. Das Verriegelungssystem 15 verhindert zuverlässig, dass die Steuereinheit 18 für das Hilfsruder eine durch den Doppelpfeil 20 angedeutete Drehbewegung ausführen kann, wenn die Steuereinheit für die Azimuthsteuerung eine durch den Doppelpfeil 19 angedeutete Drehbewegung für den gesamten Ruderpropeller steuert.In FIG. 3 13 designates the control unit of the ship, the setpoint generator for the rudder positions and flaps, eg the flaps 21 at the end of a waterjet. The setpoint generators are provided with ramps and work, for example, as a function of the speed. The control unit advantageously corresponds to the usual state of ship automation and has programmable controllers, for example of the type SIMATIC S7, Siemens. The locking system 15 for the individual rudder system components is advantageously carried out in this technique. The locking system 15 reliably prevents the auxiliary rudder control unit 18 from performing a rotational movement indicated by the double arrow 20 when the azimuth control unit controls a rotational movement for the entire rudder propeller indicated by the double arrow 19.

Für den Fall, dass das schnelle seegehende Schiff, z.B. im Mittelschiff, Waterjets aufweist, wie es für eine neue Generation von Marine(Navy)-Schiffen vorgesehen ist, weist das Automatisierungssystem noch eine Steuereinheit 16 für die Steuerklappen des oder der Waterjets auf. Hier werden Steuerklappen 21 über eine Einheit 22 gesteuert, z.B. wenn die elektrischen Ruderpropeller ausgefallen sind. Es versteht sich, dass die gezeigten Steuereinheiten redundant ausgeführt sind, so dass z.B. bei einem Treffer in eine Schiffsseite bei einem Marine(Navy)-Schiff das gesamte Schiff noch steuer- und antriebsfähig bleibt.In the event that the fast seagoing ship, e.g. in the central nave, water jets, as it is intended for a new generation of naval ships, the automation system also has a control unit 16 for the control valves of the water jets or on. Here, control flaps 21 are controlled via a unit 22, e.g. when the electric rudder propellers have failed. It is understood that the control units shown are redundant, so that e.g. when hitting a ship's side in a naval (navy) ship, the entire ship still remains taxable and motive.

Das Betriebsverfahren für ein schnelles seegehendes Schiff, insbesondere für ein schnelles Marine(Navy)-Schiff, aber auch für zivile Schiffe, z.B. für schnelle Fähren mit zusätzlichen Waterjetantrieben, läuft wie folgt ab:

  • Die Schiffsrichtung wird von drei unterschiedlichen Rudersystemen gesteuert. Dies sind einmal das Rudersystem für die Verdrehung des zumindest einen elektrischen Ruderpropellers, zum anderen das Rudersystem für die Verdrehung des Hilfsruders und weiterhin das Rudersystem für die Lenkklappen am Ausblasstrom von Waterjets, vorzugsweise in der Schiffsmitte. Die Waterjets können aber auch ohne weiteres am Heck des Schiffes zusätzlich, auch oberhalb der Wasserlinie, angeordnet sein.
The operating procedure for a fast seagoing ship, in particular for a fast navy ship, but also for civil ships, eg for fast ferries with additional waterjet engines, is as follows:
  • The ship's direction is controlled by three different steering systems. These are once the rudder system for the rotation of at least one electric rudder propeller, on the other hand, the rudder system for the rotation of the auxiliary rudder and continue the rudder system for the steering flaps on the jet stream of water jets, preferably in the ship's center. The waterjets can also easily at the stern of the Ship additionally, also above the waterline, be arranged.

Normalerweise ist die Steuerung der Rudersysteme abhängig von der Schiffsgeschwindigkeit. Bei einer relativ niedrigen Schiffsgeschwindigkeit, z.B. im Bereich von 4 bis 12 Knts., wird das Schiff nur mit dem elektrischen Ruderpropellerantrieb angetrieben. Die Schiffsrichtung wird bei dieser Geschwindigkeit nur mit der Verdrehung der elektrischen Ruderpropeller und den an diesen angeordneten Azimuthantrieben gesteuert. Hierbei wird vorteilhaft die Stellung des Hilfsruders in der Null-Stellung gegenüber dem Gehäuse verriegelt. Der Verdrehwinkel der elektrischen Ruderpropeller ist unbegrenzt und beträgt 0 bis 360 Grad.Normally the control of the rudder systems is dependent on the ship's speed. At a relatively low ship speed, e.g. in the range of 4 to 12 knots., the ship is powered only by the electric Rudderpropellerantrieb. The ship's direction is controlled at this speed only with the rotation of the electric rudder propellers and arranged on these Azimuthantrieben. In this case, the position of the auxiliary rudder is advantageously locked in the zero position relative to the housing. The twist angle of the electric rudder propeller is unlimited and is 0 to 360 degrees.

Bei einer Schiffsgeschwindigkeit bis zur Höchstfahrt bei dem reinen Antrieb durch elektrische Ruderpropeller wird die Schiffsrichtung im Wesentlichen mit der Verdrehung des elektrischen Ruderpropellerantriebssystems gesteuert. Der Verdrehwinkel für die elektrischen Ruderpropeller ist dabei begrenzt und liegt z.B. im Bereich von 0 bis ± 40 Grad. Das Hilfsruder arbeitet dann je nach Anforderung entweder als verriegeltes Trimmruder oder, vorzugsweise bei Erreichen des obersten Geschwindigkeitsbereichs, als Unterstützungsruder mit einer Auslenkung gegenüber dem Hauptruder, das durch den elektrischen Ruderpropeller selbst gebildet wird. Wenn Hilfsruder und Hauptruder miteinander in einer Richtung wirken, ergeben sich schnellere Rudermanöver, insbesondere eine schnellere Einleitung von Rudermanövern.At a ship speed up to the maximum drive in the pure drive by electric rudder propellers, the ship's direction is controlled essentially with the rotation of the electrical Rudderpropellerantriebssystems. The angle of rotation for the electric rudder propellers is limited and is e.g. in the range of 0 to ± 40 degrees. The auxiliary rudder then operates either as a locked trim rudder or, preferably when the top speed range is reached, as a support rudder with a deflection relative to the main rudder formed by the electric rudder propeller itself, as required. When the auxiliary rudder and the main rudder act together in one direction, faster rudder maneuvers result, in particular a faster initiation of rudder maneuvers.

Bei einer Schiffsgeschwindigkeit, die etwas über der Geschwindigkeit, die durch die elektrischen Ruderpropeller erreichbar ist, liegen soll, wird das Schiff im Wesentlichen durch die Waterjetantriebe angetrieben. Die Ruderpropeller drehen zwar mit, erzeugen aber nicht den wesentlichen Vortrieb. Die Schiffsrichtung wird in erster Linie nur mit der Verdrehung der Hilfsruder gesteuert. Im unteren Geschwindigkeitsbereich kann auch die Kombination des Hilfsruders mit der oder den Lenkklappen der Waterjetantriebe zu einem schnelleren Rudermanöver sinnvoll sein. Im Notfall, z.B. bei Totalausfall der elektrischen Ruderpropeller nach Hecktreffern, kann die Ruderlage des Schiffes nur mit den Lenkklappen der Waterjetantriebe erfolgen.At a ship speed that is slightly above the speed achievable by the electric rudder propellers, the ship is essentially propelled by the waterjet engines. The Rudderpropeller rotate with, but do not produce the significant propulsion. The ship's direction is controlled primarily only with the rotation of the auxiliary rudder. In the lower speed range can also be the combination of the auxiliary rudder with or the steering flaps of the waterjet drives for a faster rowing maneuver be useful. In an emergency, for example, in total failure of the electric rudder propeller after Hecktreffern, the rudder position of the ship can only be done with the steering flaps of the waterjet drives.

Die Azimuthantriebe des oder der elektrischen Ruderpropeller sind bei Einsatz der Waterjets in ihrer Nullstellung verriegelt. Diese Stellung kann aus hydrodynamischen Gründen etwas von der Nulllage abweichen, z.B. im Bereich ± 5 Grad. So kann eine stabile Geradeausfahrt ohne dauernde Ruderlagemanöver erreicht werden.The Azimuthantriebe of electric rudder or pitchers are locked when using the waterjets in their zero position. This position may differ slightly from the zero position for hydrodynamic reasons, e.g. in the range ± 5 degrees. Thus, a stable straight ahead without permanent rudder pad maneuvers can be achieved.

Bei der maximalen Schiffsgeschwindigkeit, das sind in der Regel Schiffsgeschwindigkeiten von mehr als 30 Knts., wird das Schiff von der gemeinsamen Kombination von elektrischen Ruderpropeller- und Waterjetantrieben angetrieben. Die Schiffsrichtung wird dann in erster Linie mit der Verdrehung der Hilfsruder gesteuert. Für schnelle Rudermanöver, z.B. bei Gefahr, kann auch die Kombination des Hilfsruders mit der oder den Lenkklappen der Waterjetantriebe sinnvoll sein. Der Azimuthantrieb der elektrischen Ruderpropeller ist bei Höchstfahrt vorteilhaft in der Nullstellung verriegelt. Diese Stellung kann aus hydrodynamischen Gründen ebenfalls von der Nulllage etwas abweichen, z.B. im Bereich von 0 bis ± 5 Grad. So ergibt sich ein besonders stabiles Geradeausfahrtverhalten.At the maximum ship speed, which are usually ship speeds of more than 30 knots., The ship is powered by the combined combination of electric rudder propeller and waterjet drives. The ship's direction is then controlled primarily by the rotation of the auxiliary rudder. For fast rudder maneuvers, e.g. In case of danger, the combination of the auxiliary rudder with the steering flap (s) of the waterjet drives can also make sense. The Azimuthantrieb the electric Rudderpropeller is locked at maximum speed advantageous in the zero position. This position may also differ slightly from the zero position for hydrodynamic reasons, e.g. in the range of 0 to ± 5 degrees. This results in a particularly stable straight-ahead driving behavior.

Bei Hafenmanövern, d.h. beim An- und Ablegen des Schiffes, werden in der Regel Bug- und Heckrudersysteme in Betrieb genommen. Im hinteren Ende des Schiffes sind die elektrischen Ruderpropeller wirksam. Entsprechend der benötigten Schubrichtung wird der elektrische Ruderpropeller durch den Azimuthantrieb in die richtige Lage gedreht. Das Hilfsruder ist in der Regel verriegelt und kann bei diesem Manöver nicht verdreht werden. Am Bug des Schiffes ist in der Regel ein Querstrahlrudersystem vorgesehen und erzeugt dort einen Querschub zum Schiff in die benötigte und ausgewählte Richtung.In port maneuvers, ie when loading and unloading the ship, bow thrusters and stern thruster systems are usually put into operation. In the rear end of the ship, the electric rudder propellers are effective. According to the required thrust direction of the electric rudder propeller is rotated by the Azimuthantrieb in the correct position. The auxiliary rudder is usually locked and can not be twisted during this maneuver. At the bow of the ship usually a Querstrahlrüder system is provided and generates a transverse thrust to the ship in the required and selected direction.

Das Querstrahlrudersystem ist unabhängig von den anderen Antrieben und Steuersystemen des Schiffes und wird in der Regel von Hand mittels Steuerorganen, z.B. durch separate Drucktasten oder einen Joystick, betätigt. Dieser Betätigungsvorgang ist in der Regel ebenfalls verriegelbar, damit er nicht unabsichtlich bei höheren Fahrtstufen in Betrieb genommen werden kann.The thruster system is independent of the ship's other propulsion and control systems, and is typically manually operated by control means, e.g. by separate pushbuttons or a joystick, operated. This actuation process is also usually lockable so that it can not be inadvertently put into operation at higher speeds.

Insgesamt ergeben sich also vier unterschiedliche und gegeneinander zum größten Teil verriegelte, aber auch zum Teil miteinander im gleichen Sinn wirkende Ruderfunktionen (Bugstrahlruder, Waterjetsteuerung, Azimuthsteuerung der Ruderpropeller, Hilfsruder).Overall, therefore, there are four different and locked against each other for the most part, but also partly with each other in the same sense acting rudder functions (bow thruster, water jet control, azimuth control of the rudder propeller, auxiliary rudder).

Claims (6)

  1. Operating method for an auxiliary rudder on an electrical steering propeller, which is arranged such that it can rotate under the stern of a high-speed marine vessel and is used as a main rudder for the vessel, with the electrical steering propeller having an electric motor in a housing which is arranged at the end of a supporting shaft, which is connected such that it can rotate to the stern of the vessel, and with the auxiliary rudder (6, 10) being arranged under the housing of the electric motor, characterized in that the movement of the auxiliary rudder is controlled as a function of the vessel speed, with the adjustment rate and/or the maximum adjustment angle of the auxiliary rudder (6, 10) being set as a function of the vessel speed, with the auxiliary rudder (6, 10) being fixed when the vessel speeds are low, for example when the vessel is being moved in the harbour mode (steering propeller rotation angle 360 degrees), and with the auxiliary rudder (6, 10) controlling the vessel on its own at high vessel speeds, with the steering propeller being fixed.
  2. Operating method according to Claim 1,
    characterized in that the auxiliary rudder (6, 10) is moved matched to the shaft rotation rate in the medium movement speed range or else in other speed ranges in the case of rapid manoeuvres.
  3. Operating method according to Claims 1 and 2, characterized in that the auxiliary rudder rotation rate is controlled via rotation rate ramps which are stored in a control unit (14) in the vessel.
  4. Operating method according to one or more of Claims 1 to 3, characterized in that, when additional propulsion units are present in the vessel, for example waterjets in the central vessel area, the auxiliary rudder (6, 10) is operated matched by control units (21) to the waterjets.
  5. Operating method according to one or more of Claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the auxiliary rudder (6, 10) is designed such that it can be operated independently of the operation of the electrical steering propeller.
  6. Operating method according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the operating method is used for a high-speed movement rudder on naval vessels, in particular on vessels with combined steering propeller/waterjet propulsion.
EP03020704A 2002-09-23 2003-09-11 Auxiliary rudder for an electric azimuthing propeller intended for fast ships and operating method for said auxiliary rudder Expired - Lifetime EP1400443B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

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DE10244295A DE10244295B4 (en) 2002-09-23 2002-09-23 Auxiliary rudder on an electric rudder propeller for fast seagoing ships and operating procedures for the auxiliary rudder
DE10244295 2002-09-23

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EP1400443B1 true EP1400443B1 (en) 2011-10-26

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FR2913399B1 (en) * 2007-03-07 2009-05-22 Max Power Soc Par Actions Simp PROPULSION SYSTEM FOR ASSISTING MANEUVER FOR A BOAT.
EP1975060A1 (en) * 2007-03-30 2008-10-01 Henning Prof. Dr.-Ing. Gold Sailboat motor with rudder attached to its casing
NL1037824C2 (en) * 2010-03-23 2011-09-27 Heijden Spijkers Maria Anna Josepha Apparatus and method for the propulsion, steering, manoeuvring and stabilisation of boats and other floating vessels.
CA2855459C (en) * 2011-11-18 2019-11-19 Rolls-Royce Ab A method of and a device for reducing the azimuthal torque acting on a pulling pod unit or azimuth thruster
ITGE20130012A1 (en) * 2013-01-30 2014-07-31 Massimo Verme PROPULSION AND MANEUVER OF A BOAT

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DE497047C (en) *
DE2115018C3 (en) * 1971-03-27 1975-11-27 Rudolf 2400 Luebeck Will Tiltable Z-ship propulsion with swiveling screw
SE459249B (en) * 1987-12-09 1989-06-19 Kamewa Ab COMBINED ROOTER AND PROPELLER DEVICE
DE4440738A1 (en) * 1994-11-15 1996-05-23 Schottel Werft Ship propulsion with a prime mover in the hull and a propeller driven by the prime mover outside the hull
SE506926C2 (en) * 1996-06-06 1998-03-02 Kamewa Ab Marine propulsion and steering units
DE10141893A1 (en) * 2001-01-22 2002-08-22 Siemens Ag Fast military surface ship
DE10102740A1 (en) * 2001-01-22 2002-08-01 Siemens Ag Propulsion for ships
JP2003011893A (en) * 2001-06-29 2003-01-15 Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd Azimuth propeller

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DE10244295A1 (en) 2004-04-01
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ES2373711T3 (en) 2012-02-08
ATE530433T1 (en) 2011-11-15

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