EP1400443A1 - Auxiliary rudder for an electric azimuthing propeller intended for fast ships and operating method for said auxiliary rudder - Google Patents
Auxiliary rudder for an electric azimuthing propeller intended for fast ships and operating method for said auxiliary rudder Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP1400443A1 EP1400443A1 EP03020704A EP03020704A EP1400443A1 EP 1400443 A1 EP1400443 A1 EP 1400443A1 EP 03020704 A EP03020704 A EP 03020704A EP 03020704 A EP03020704 A EP 03020704A EP 1400443 A1 EP1400443 A1 EP 1400443A1
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- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- rudder
- ship
- auxiliary
- propeller
- auxiliary rudder
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
- B63H—MARINE PROPULSION OR STEERING
- B63H25/00—Steering; Slowing-down otherwise than by use of propulsive elements; Dynamic anchoring, i.e. positioning vessels by means of main or auxiliary propulsive elements
- B63H25/06—Steering by rudders
- B63H25/38—Rudders
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
- B63H—MARINE PROPULSION OR STEERING
- B63H25/00—Steering; Slowing-down otherwise than by use of propulsive elements; Dynamic anchoring, i.e. positioning vessels by means of main or auxiliary propulsive elements
- B63H25/42—Steering or dynamic anchoring by propulsive elements; Steering or dynamic anchoring by propellers used therefor only; Steering or dynamic anchoring by rudders carrying propellers
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
- B63H—MARINE PROPULSION OR STEERING
- B63H5/00—Arrangements on vessels of propulsion elements directly acting on water
- B63H5/07—Arrangements on vessels of propulsion elements directly acting on water of propellers
- B63H5/125—Arrangements on vessels of propulsion elements directly acting on water of propellers movably mounted with respect to hull, e.g. adjustable in direction, e.g. podded azimuthing thrusters
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
- B63H—MARINE PROPULSION OR STEERING
- B63H5/00—Arrangements on vessels of propulsion elements directly acting on water
- B63H5/07—Arrangements on vessels of propulsion elements directly acting on water of propellers
- B63H5/125—Arrangements on vessels of propulsion elements directly acting on water of propellers movably mounted with respect to hull, e.g. adjustable in direction, e.g. podded azimuthing thrusters
- B63H2005/1254—Podded azimuthing thrusters, i.e. podded thruster units arranged inboard for rotation about vertical axis
- B63H2005/1258—Podded azimuthing thrusters, i.e. podded thruster units arranged inboard for rotation about vertical axis with electric power transmission to propellers, i.e. with integrated electric propeller motors
Definitions
- the invention relates to an auxiliary rudder on an electric Rudder propeller that rotates under the stern of a fast seagoing ship is arranged and as the main rudder for the ship serves, with the electric rudder propeller one Has electric motor in a housing that at the end of a Inertia is arranged, which rotates with the rear of the Is connected and an operating procedure for the Auxiliary rudder and a special use of the auxiliary rudder.
- EP 0 901 449 B1 describes an auxiliary rudder for an electric one Rudder propeller known that at the rear edge of the Supporting shaft for the housing of the electric motor is arranged.
- auxiliary rudder it is disadvantageous that it is in the swirled outflow zone of the supporting shaft for the housing of the electric motor and also partly in the swirled Outflow of the ship's stern is. From the above For reasons it is impaired in its effect and must also be mechanically very stable. About that in addition is its attachment and its adjustment mechanism consuming. The movement of the known auxiliary rudder takes place hydraulically. Overall, there is a complex, heavy Execution with impaired effect.
- It is an object of the invention to provide an auxiliary rudder on an electric Rudder propeller indicate that the above Avoids disadvantages and according to particularly advantageous the operating method according to the invention on the different Needs related to its function in different Speeds of the ship is adjustable.
- the auxiliary rudder under the housing of the electric motor is arranged.
- it is advantageous directly in the propeller stream of the electric rudder propeller, or when using a pressure propeller in undisturbed Inflow position under the ship, so that a very has a good and direct effect.
- the rudder because of its good location needs only to be trained small, it lies within the propeller turning circle of the electric rudder propeller and is not particularly endangered.
- this is freely configurable, that is as a pre-balanced spade rudder or as a rudder suspended rudder blade, with or without partial pre-balancing, can be trained. So it's much better on the ship's speed and the desired effect tunable as one arranged on the rear edge of the trunk Auxiliary rudder.
- the auxiliary rudder is advantageously either pointing downward then mounted on the housing of the electric motor the housing of the electric motor remains largely unchanged, or it is designed as a downward-pointing flow Housing fin formed. Then there is a special one aerodynamic design, especially when the auxiliary rudder is arranged at the rear end of the rudder propeller. Here when it detects a particularly course-stabilizing Effect. If the helm then the propeller spin compensating position is given (one is sufficient here low angular position) results as far as possible course-stable behavior of the ship at high speeds.
- the auxiliary rudder is mechanical is designed to rotate, in particular by means of a Worm drive.
- a worm drive allows a special flat design of the drive with self-locking effect. There is therefore no need for a special auxiliary rudder brake become.
- the fault-prone hydraulic transmission lines are eliminated and cylinders.
- a fully electric rudder design which in particular the continuous noise emission avoids the otherwise necessary hydraulic pumps. This is for Navy (Navy) ships of particular advantage, since here on low Noise emissions must be observed.
- An embodiment of the invention is an operating method for the auxiliary rudder provided the movements of the auxiliary rudder controls depending on the ship's speed. It it is provided that the adjustment speed and / or the maximum adjustment angle depending on speed ranges is set.
- the speed ranges are e.g. once the area small ride, once the area medium ride and once the area of fast travel. In in these areas the helm will adapt to its company-specific task used differently.
- auxiliary rudder in the Navy is of particular importance (Navy) ships, which e.g. Mid-aisle waterjets with which the ship even when stationary Rudder propellers can be controlled and driven.
- auxiliary rudders become independent operated and can be used both as a high-speed pedal also as a support rudder for the control by the Water jets are used.
- FIGURE 1 denotes the underside of the ship's stern as well 3 the pull propeller and 4 the thrust propeller of the electric Rudder propellers 7.
- 5 is the mounted base unit of the auxiliary rudder 6 referred to a fixed Part 2 is attached.
- This auxiliary rudder design responds relatively insensitive to changes in propeller flow and is mechanically highly resilient.
- FIGURE 2 which is an electric rudder propeller with a Switzerlandpropeller 9 shows the auxiliary rudder 10 as a pre-balanced Spade rudder trained.
- FIG. 8 electrical are in the housing of the electric rudder propeller Arranged windings which e.g. over the outer wall of the Housing 8 are heated. So there is a special one slim shape of the housing 8 of the electric rudder propeller with little swirling of the water flowing past. Corresponding the effect of the auxiliary rudder is good.
- the auxiliary rudder 10 is e.g. over a shaft with a worm wheel 12 and an electric motor with pinion 11 moves.
- This Units can advantageously be in the free end at the rear of the housing 8 of the electric rudder propeller can be arranged.
- a fin 13 which is integrally formed on the housing end is and a stabilizing effect when driving straight ahead exercises.
- 13 denotes the ship's control unit, the Setpoint device for the rudder and flaps, e.g. the flaps 21 at the end of a water jet.
- the setpoints are equipped with ramps and work e.g. speed-dependent.
- the control unit advantageously corresponds to the usual one State of the ship automation and assigns programmable Controllers, e.g. of the type SIMATIC S7 from Siemens on.
- the locking system 15 for the individual rudder system components is advantageous in this technique executed.
- the locking system 15 reliably prevents that the control unit 18 for the auxiliary rudder Execute the rotary movement indicated by the double arrow 20 can, if the control unit for the azimuth control a indicated by the double arrow 19 rotary movement for the entire Rudder propeller controls.
- the direction of the ship is controlled by three different rudder systems controlled. These are the rowing system for the one Rotation of the at least one electric rudder propeller, on the other hand the rudder system for turning the auxiliary rudder and the rudder system for the steering flaps on Blow-out flow from water jets, preferably in the middle of the ship.
- the waterjets can also be easily carried out at the rear of the Ship also arranged above the waterline his.
- the control of the rudder systems is usually dependent on the ship's speed. At a relatively low one Ship speed, e.g. in the range of 4 to 12 knts., the ship will only be powered by the electric rudder propeller driven. The direction of the ship is at this speed only with the twist of the electric rudder propellers and the azimuth drives arranged thereon. The position of the auxiliary rudder is advantageous here locked in the zero position relative to the housing. The twist angle of the electric rudder propellers is unlimited and is 0 to 360 degrees.
- auxiliary rudder At a ship speed up to the maximum speed at the pure propulsion by electric rudder propellers Ship direction essentially with the twist of the electrical Rudder propeller drive system controlled.
- the angle of twist is limited for the electric rudder propellers and lies e.g. in the range of 0 to ⁇ 40 degrees.
- the auxiliary rudder then either works as a locked one depending on the requirement Trim rudder or, preferably when reaching the highest speed range, as a support rudder with a Deflection towards the main rudder caused by the electric Rudder propeller itself is formed. If auxiliary rudder and main rudder work together in one direction faster rowing maneuvers, especially a faster one Initiation of rowing maneuvers.
- the ship At a ship speed that is slightly above the speed, accessible through the electric rudder propellers is, the ship is essentially powered by the waterjet drives.
- the rudder propellers turn with, but do not generate the essential propulsion.
- the direction of the ship is primarily only with the Controlled rotation of the auxiliary rudders.
- In the lower speed range can also combine the auxiliary rudder with the steering flap (s) of the waterjet drives into one faster rowing maneuvers make sense.
- the rudder position of the ship can only be with the steering flaps the waterjet drives take place.
- the azimuth drives of the electric rudder propeller (s) are locked in their zero position when using the Waterjets. This position can be something for hydrodynamic reasons deviate from the zero position, e.g. in the range of ⁇ 5 degrees. So can a stable straight ahead without constant rudder maneuvers can be achieved.
- auxiliary rudder In total there are four different and against each other mostly locked, but also partly rudder functions acting together in the same sense (bow thruster, Waterjet control, azimuth control of the rudder propellers, Auxiliary rudder).
- the auxiliary rudder according to the invention has its main function when the ship is at higher speeds is driven. In the low speed steps of the ship can the auxiliary rudder for faster rowing maneuvers or for Course stabilization in combination with the main rudder, in this In case the rudder propellers are used advantageously.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Ocean & Marine Engineering (AREA)
- Toys (AREA)
- Other Liquid Machine Or Engine Such As Wave Power Use (AREA)
- Prevention Of Electric Corrosion (AREA)
- Control Of Vehicle Engines Or Engines For Specific Uses (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Hilfsruder an einem elektrischen Ruderpropeller, der drehbar unter dem Heck eines schnellen seegehenden Schiffes angeordnet ist und als Hauptruder für das Schiff dient, wobei der elektrische Ruderpropeller einen Elektromotor in einem Gehäuse aufweist, das am Ende eines Tragschafts angeordnet ist, der drehbar mit dem Heck des Schiffes verbunden ist und ein Betriebsverfahren für das Hilfsruder sowie eine besondere Verwendung des Hilfsruders.The invention relates to an auxiliary rudder on an electric Rudder propeller that rotates under the stern of a fast seagoing ship is arranged and as the main rudder for the ship serves, with the electric rudder propeller one Has electric motor in a housing that at the end of a Inertia is arranged, which rotates with the rear of the Is connected and an operating procedure for the Auxiliary rudder and a special use of the auxiliary rudder.
Aus der EP 0 901 449 B1 ist ein Hilfsruder für einen elektrischen Ruderpropeller bekannt, das an der Hinterkante des Tragschafts für das Gehäuse des Elektromotors angeordnet ist. Bei diesem bekannten Hilfsruder ist es nachteilig, dass es in der verwirbelten Abströmzone des Tragschafts für das Gehäuse des elektrischen Motors und auch noch teilweise in der verwirbelten Abströmung des Schiffshecks liegt. Aus den vorstehenden Gründen ist es in seiner Wirkung beeinträchtigt und muß auch mechanisch besonders stabil ausgebildet werden. Darüber hinaus ist seine Anbringung und sein Verstellmechanismus aufwendig. Die Bewegung des bekannten Hilfsruders erfolgt hydraulisch. Insgesamt ergibt sich eine aufwendige, schwere Ausführung mit beeinträchtigter Wirkung.EP 0 901 449 B1 describes an auxiliary rudder for an electric one Rudder propeller known that at the rear edge of the Supporting shaft for the housing of the electric motor is arranged. With this known auxiliary rudder it is disadvantageous that it is in the swirled outflow zone of the supporting shaft for the housing of the electric motor and also partly in the swirled Outflow of the ship's stern is. From the above For reasons it is impaired in its effect and must also be mechanically very stable. About that in addition is its attachment and its adjustment mechanism consuming. The movement of the known auxiliary rudder takes place hydraulically. Overall, there is a complex, heavy Execution with impaired effect.
Es ist Aufgabe der Erfindung, ein Hilfsruder an einem elektrischen Ruderpropeller anzugeben, das die vorstehend geschilderten Nachteile vermeidet und besonders vorteilhaft gemäß dem erfindungsgemäßen Betriebsverfahren auf die unterschiedlichen Bedürfnisse in Bezug auf seine Funktion bei unterschiedlichen Geschwindigkeiten des Schiffes einstellbar ist.It is an object of the invention to provide an auxiliary rudder on an electric Rudder propeller indicate that the above Avoids disadvantages and according to particularly advantageous the operating method according to the invention on the different Needs related to its function in different Speeds of the ship is adjustable.
Die Nachteile des bekannten Hilfsruders werden dadurch vermieden, dass erfindungsgemäß das Hilfsruder unter dem Gehäuse des Elektromotors angeordnet ist. Hier liegt es vorteilhaft direkt in dem Propellerstrom des elektrischen Ruderpropellers, bzw. bei der Verwendung eines Druckpropellers in ungestörter Anströmlage unter dem Schiff, so dass sich eine sehr gute und direkte Wirkung ergibt. Da das Ruder wegen seiner guten Lage nur klein ausgebildet zu werden braucht, liegt es innerhalb des Propellerdrehkreises des elektrischen Ruderpropellers und ist nicht in besonderer Weise gefährdet. Besonders vorteilhaft ist bei der erfindungsgemäßen Anbringung des Hilfsruders, dass dieses frei ausgestaltbar ist, dass es also als vorbalanciertes Spatenruder oder als an einer Ruderhacke aufgehängtes Ruderblatt, mit oder ohne teilweiser Vorbalancierung, ausgebildet werden kann. Es ist also wesentlich besser auf die Schiffsgeschwindigkeit und die gewünschte Wirkung abstimmbar, als ein an der Hinterkante des Tragschafts angeordnetes Hilfsruder.The disadvantages of the known auxiliary rudder are avoided that according to the invention the auxiliary rudder under the housing of the electric motor is arranged. Here it is advantageous directly in the propeller stream of the electric rudder propeller, or when using a pressure propeller in undisturbed Inflow position under the ship, so that a very has a good and direct effect. Because the rudder because of its good location needs only to be trained small, it lies within the propeller turning circle of the electric rudder propeller and is not particularly endangered. Especially is advantageous in the attachment of the Auxiliary rudder that this is freely configurable, that is as a pre-balanced spade rudder or as a rudder suspended rudder blade, with or without partial pre-balancing, can be trained. So it's much better on the ship's speed and the desired effect tunable as one arranged on the rear edge of the trunk Auxiliary rudder.
Vorteilhaft wird das Hilfsruder entweder nach unten weisend reitend auf dem Gehäuse des E-Motors angeordnet, dann kann das Gehäuse des E-Motors weitgehend unverändert bleiben, oder es wird als nach unten weisende strömungsgünstig gestaltete Gehäuseflosse ausgebildet. Dann ergibt sich eine besonders strömungsgünstige Ausführung, insbesondere wenn das Hilfsruder am hinteren Ende des Ruderpropellers angeordnet ist. Hier entfaltet es bei Feststellen eine besonders kursstabilisierende Wirkung. Wenn dem Hilfsruder dann eine den Propellerdrall kompensierende Stellung gegeben wird (hier reicht eine geringe Winkelstellung aus) ergibt sich ein weitestgehend kursstabiles Verhalten des Schiffes bei hohen Geschwindigkeiten.The auxiliary rudder is advantageously either pointing downward then mounted on the housing of the electric motor the housing of the electric motor remains largely unchanged, or it is designed as a downward-pointing flow Housing fin formed. Then there is a special one aerodynamic design, especially when the auxiliary rudder is arranged at the rear end of the rudder propeller. Here when it detects a particularly course-stabilizing Effect. If the helm then the propeller spin compensating position is given (one is sufficient here low angular position) results as far as possible course-stable behavior of the ship at high speeds.
Es ist erfindungsgemäß vorgesehen, dass das Hilfsruder mechanisch drehend ausgebildet ist, insbesondere mittels eines Schneckenantriebs. Ein Schneckenantrieb erlaubt eine besonders flache Bauweise des Antriebs bei selbstsperrender Wirkung. Auf eine besondere Hilfsruderbremse kann also verzichtet werden. Darüber hinaus entfallen die störanfälligen Hydraulikübertragungsleitungen und -Zylinder. In Verbindung mit einer elektrischen Dreheinrichtung für den Tragschaft des Motorgehäuses ergibt sich eine voll elektrische Ruderausführung, die insbesondere die dauernde Geräuschemission durch die sonst notwendigen Hydraulikpumpen vermeidet. Dies ist für Marine(Navy)-Schiffe von besonderem Vorteil, da hier auf geringe Geräuschemissionen zu achten ist.It is provided according to the invention that the auxiliary rudder is mechanical is designed to rotate, in particular by means of a Worm drive. A worm drive allows a special flat design of the drive with self-locking effect. There is therefore no need for a special auxiliary rudder brake become. In addition, the fault-prone hydraulic transmission lines are eliminated and cylinders. Combined with an electrical rotating device for the supporting shaft of the motor housing there is a fully electric rudder design, which in particular the continuous noise emission avoids the otherwise necessary hydraulic pumps. This is for Navy (Navy) ships of particular advantage, since here on low Noise emissions must be observed.
In Ausgestaltung der Erfindung ist ein Betriebsverfahren für das Hilfsruder vorgesehen, das die Bewegungen des Hilfsruders in Abhängigkeit von der Schiffsgeschwindigkeit steuert. Es ist dabei vorgesehen, dass die Verstellgeschwindigkeit und/oder der maximale Verstellwinkel in Abhängigkeit an Geschwindigkeitsbereiche eingestellt wird. Die Geschwindigkeitsbereiche sind z.B. einmal der Bereich kleine Fahrt, einmal der Bereich mittlere Fahrt und einmal der Bereich Schnellfahrt. In diesen Bereichen wird das Hilfsruder in Anpassung an seine betriebsspezifische Aufgabe unterschiedlich eingesetzt.An embodiment of the invention is an operating method for the auxiliary rudder provided the movements of the auxiliary rudder controls depending on the ship's speed. It it is provided that the adjustment speed and / or the maximum adjustment angle depending on speed ranges is set. The speed ranges are e.g. once the area small ride, once the area medium ride and once the area of fast travel. In in these areas the helm will adapt to its company-specific task used differently.
Eine besondere Bedeutung kommt dem Hilfsruder bei Marine (Navy)-Schiffen zu, die z.B. Waterjets im Mittelschiffsbereich aufweisen, mit denen das Schiff auch bei stillstehenden Ruderpropellern gesteuert und angetrieben werden kann. Bei stillstehenden Ruderpropellern werden die Hilfsruder unabhängig betrieben und können sowohl als Schnellfahrtruder als auch als Unterstützungsruder für die Steuerung durch die Waterjets verwendet werden. Ihre Funktion als Unterstützungsruder üben sie bei dem Ausfall der Ruderpropellerdrehvorrichtungen aus. Hierfür weisen sie vorteilhaft von den Ruderpropellermotoren getrennte elektrische Leitungen auf, so dass sich ein redundantes Rudersystem für ein schnell fahrendes Schiff ergibt. Sie unterstützen die Steuerung durch die Waterjets, die einmal durch unterschiedliche Schubstärken auf den beiden Schiffsseiten erreicht wird, aber auch durch Steuerklappen hinter den Waterjets. Da sich die Waterjets weitgehend im Mittschiffsbereich befinden, ist ihre Steuerwirkung relativ gering, so dass Unterstützungsruder von erheblicher Bedeutung sind.The auxiliary rudder in the Navy is of particular importance (Navy) ships, which e.g. Mid-aisle waterjets with which the ship even when stationary Rudder propellers can be controlled and driven. at the auxiliary rudders become independent operated and can be used both as a high-speed pedal also as a support rudder for the control by the Water jets are used. Your role as a support rudder practice if the rudder propeller rotators fail out. For this, they advantageously point from the rudder propeller motors separate electrical lines so that a redundant rowing system for a fast-moving Ship results. They support the control through the Waterjets, which are characterized by different thrust strengths is reached on both sides of the ship, but also by control flaps behind the waterjets. Since the waterjets largely located in the midships area is their tax effect relatively low, so support rudders of considerable Meaning.
Die Erfindung wird anhand von Zeichnungen beispielhaft näher erläutert, aus denen weitere, auch erfindungswesentliche Einzelheiten, ebenso wie aus den Unteransprüchen, entnehmbar sind.The invention is illustrated by way of example with reference to drawings explains from which further details, also essential to the invention, just as from the subclaims are.
Im einzelnen zeigen:
- FIGUR 1
- einen elektrischen Ruderpropeller mit Hilfsruder, wobei der Ruderpropeller einen Zugund einen Schubpropeller aufweist,
FIGUR 2- einen schematischen Teilschnitt durch einen elektrischen Ruderpropeller, mit am hinteren Ende angeordnetem Hilfsruder und
FIGUR 3- die grundsätzliche Ausbildung der Steuereinheiten für das Betriebsverfahren.
- FIGURE 1
- an electric rudder propeller with auxiliary rudder, the rudder propeller having a pull and a thrust propeller,
- FIGURE 2
- a schematic partial section through an electric rudder propeller, with auxiliary rudder arranged at the rear end and
- FIGURE 3
- the basic training of the control units for the operating procedure.
In FIGUR 1 bezeichnet 1 die Unterseite des Schiffshecks sowie
3 den Zugpropeller und 4 den Schubpropeller des elektrischen
Ruderpropellers 7. Mit 5 ist die reitend angeordnete Basiseinheit
des Hilfsruders 6 bezeichnet, das an einen feststehenden
Teil 2 angehängt ist. Diese Hilfsruderausführung reagiert
relativ unempfindlich auf Änderungen des Propellerstroms
und ist mechanisch hoch belastbar.In FIGURE 1, 1 denotes the underside of the ship's stern as well
3 the pull propeller and 4 the thrust propeller of the
In FIGUR 2, die einen elektrischen Ruderpropeller mit einem
Zugpropeller 9 zeigt, ist das Hilfsruder 10 als vorbalanciertes
Spatenruder ausgebildet. In schematischer Weise angedeutet
sind im Gehäuse des elektrischen Ruderpropellers 8 elektrische
Wicklungen angeordnet, die z.B. über die Außenwand des
Gehäuses 8 entwärmt werden. So ergibt sich eine besonders
schlanke Form des Gehäuses 8 des elektrischen Ruderpropellers
mit geringer Verwirbelung des vorbeiströmenden Wassers. Entsprechend
gut ist die Wirkung des Hilfsruders. In FIGURE 2, which is an electric rudder propeller with a
Das Hilfsruder 10 wird z.B. über eine Welle mit einem Schneckenrad
12 und einem Elektromotor mit Ritzel 11 bewegt. Diese
Einheiten können vorteilhaft in dem freien Ende hinten im Gehäuse
8 des elektrischen Ruderpropellers angeordnet werden.
Zwischen dem Hilfsruder 10 und dem freien Ende des Gehäuses 8
befindet sich eine Flosse 13, die an das Gehäuseende angeformt
ist und eine Stabilisierungswirkung bei schneller Geradeausfahrt
ausübt.The
In FIGUR 3 bezeichnet 13 die Steuereinheit des Schiffes, die
Sollwertgeber für die Ruderlagen und Klappen, z.B. die Klappen
21 am Ende eines Waterjets, aufweist. Die Sollwertgeber
sind mit Rampen versehen und arbeiten z.B. geschwindigkeitsabhängig.
Die Steuereinheit entspricht vorteilhaft dem üblichen
Stand der Schiffsautomatisierung und weist programmierbare
Controller, z.B. des Typs SIMATIC S7, der Firma Siemens,
auf. Auch das Verriegelungssystem 15 für die einzelnen Rudersystemkomponenten
ist in vorteilhafter Weise in dieser Technik
ausgeführt. Das Verriegelungssystem 15 verhindert zuverlässig,
dass die Steuereinheit 18 für das Hilfsruder eine
durch den Doppelpfeil 20 angedeutete Drehbewegung ausführen
kann, wenn die Steuereinheit für die Azimuthsteuerung eine
durch den Doppelpfeil 19 angedeutete Drehbewegung für den gesamten
Ruderpropeller steuert.In FIGURE 3, 13 denotes the ship's control unit, the
Setpoint device for the rudder and flaps, e.g. the
Für den Fall, dass das schnelle seegehende Schiff, z.B. im
Mittelschiff, Waterjets aufweist, wie es für eine neue Generation
von Marine(Navy)-Schiffen vorgesehen ist, weist das
Automatisierungssystem noch eine Steuereinheit 16 für die
Steuerklappen des oder der Waterjets auf. Hier werden Steuerklappen
21 über eine Einheit 22 gesteuert, z.B. wenn die
elektrischen Ruderpropeller ausgefallen sind. Es versteht
sich, dass die gezeigten Steuereinheiten redundant ausgeführt
sind, so dass z.B. bei einem Treffer in eine Schiffsseite bei
einem Marine(Navy)-Schiff das gesamte Schiff noch steuer- und
antriebsfähig bleibt. In the event that the fast seagoing ship, e.g. in the
Central nave that features waterjets like it does for a new generation
provided by Navy (Navy) ships indicates that
Automation system still a
Das Betriebsverfahren für ein schnelles seegehendes Schiff, insbesondere für ein schnelles Marine(Navy)-Schiff, aber auch für zivile Schiffe, z.B. für schnelle Fähren mit zusätzlichen Waterjetantrieben, läuft wie folgt ab:The operating procedure for a fast seagoing ship, especially for a fast navy (Navy) ship, but also for civil ships, e.g. for fast ferries with additional Waterjet drives run as follows:
Die Schiffsrichtung wird von drei unterschiedlichen Rudersystemen gesteuert. Dies sind einmal das Rudersystem für die Verdrehung des zumindest einen elektrischen Ruderpropellers, zum anderen das Rudersystem für die Verdrehung des Hilfsruders und weiterhin das Rudersystem für die Lenkklappen am Ausblasstrom von Waterjets, vorzugsweise in der Schiffsmitte. Die Waterjets können aber auch ohne weiteres am Heck des Schiffes zusätzlich, auch oberhalb der Wasserlinie, angeordnet sein.The direction of the ship is controlled by three different rudder systems controlled. These are the rowing system for the one Rotation of the at least one electric rudder propeller, on the other hand the rudder system for turning the auxiliary rudder and the rudder system for the steering flaps on Blow-out flow from water jets, preferably in the middle of the ship. The waterjets can also be easily carried out at the rear of the Ship also arranged above the waterline his.
Normalerweise ist die Steuerung der Rudersysteme abhängig von der Schiffsgeschwindigkeit. Bei einer relativ niedrigen Schiffsgeschwindigkeit, z.B. im Bereich von 4 bis 12 Knts., wird das Schiff nur mit dem elektrischen Ruderpropellerantrieb angetrieben. Die Schiffsrichtung wird bei dieser Geschwindigkeit nur mit der Verdrehung der elektrischen Ruderpropeller und den an diesen angeordneten Azimuthantrieben gesteuert. Hierbei wird vorteilhaft die Stellung des Hilfsruders in der Null-Stellung gegenüber dem Gehäuse verriegelt. Der Verdrehwinkel der elektrischen Ruderpropeller ist unbegrenzt und beträgt 0 bis 360 Grad.The control of the rudder systems is usually dependent on the ship's speed. At a relatively low one Ship speed, e.g. in the range of 4 to 12 knts., the ship will only be powered by the electric rudder propeller driven. The direction of the ship is at this speed only with the twist of the electric rudder propellers and the azimuth drives arranged thereon. The position of the auxiliary rudder is advantageous here locked in the zero position relative to the housing. The twist angle of the electric rudder propellers is unlimited and is 0 to 360 degrees.
Bei einer Schiffsgeschwindigkeit bis zur Höchstfahrt bei dem reinen Antrieb durch elektrische Ruderpropeller wird die Schiffsrichtung im wesentlichen mit der Verdrehung des elektrischen Ruderpropellerantriebssystems gesteuert. Der Verdrehwinkel für die elektrischen Ruderpropeller ist dabei begrenzt und liegt z.B. im Bereich von 0 bis ± 40 Grad. Das Hilfsruder arbeitet dann je nach Anforderung entweder als verriegeltes Trimmruder oder, vorzugsweise bei Erreichen des obersten Geschwindigkeitsbereichs, als Unterstützungsruder mit einer Auslenkung gegenüber dem Hauptruder, das durch den elektrischen Ruderpropeller selbst gebildet wird. Wenn Hilfsruder und Hauptruder miteinander in einer Richtung wirken, ergeben sich schnellere Rudermanöver, insbesondere eine schnellere Einleitung von Rudermanövern.At a ship speed up to the maximum speed at the pure propulsion by electric rudder propellers Ship direction essentially with the twist of the electrical Rudder propeller drive system controlled. The angle of twist is limited for the electric rudder propellers and lies e.g. in the range of 0 to ± 40 degrees. The auxiliary rudder then either works as a locked one depending on the requirement Trim rudder or, preferably when reaching the highest speed range, as a support rudder with a Deflection towards the main rudder caused by the electric Rudder propeller itself is formed. If auxiliary rudder and main rudder work together in one direction faster rowing maneuvers, especially a faster one Initiation of rowing maneuvers.
Bei einer Schiffsgeschwindigkeit, die etwas über der Geschwindigkeit, die durch die elektrischen Ruderpropeller erreichbar ist, liegen soll, wird das Schiff im wesentlichen durch die Waterjetantriebe angetrieben. Die Ruderpropeller drehen zwar mit, erzeugen aber nicht den wesentlichen Vortrieb. Die Schiffsrichtung wird in erster Linie nur mit der Verdrehung der Hilfsruder gesteuert. Im unteren Geschwindigkeitsbereich kann auch die Kombination des Hilfsruders mit der oder den Lenkklappen der Waterjetantriebe zu einem schnelleren Rudermanöver sinnvoll sein. Im Notfall, z.B. bei Totalausfall der elektrischen Ruderpropeller nach Hecktreffern, kann die Ruderlage des Schiffes nur mit den Lenkklappen der Waterjetantriebe erfolgen.At a ship speed that is slightly above the speed, accessible through the electric rudder propellers is, the ship is essentially powered by the waterjet drives. The rudder propellers turn with, but do not generate the essential propulsion. The direction of the ship is primarily only with the Controlled rotation of the auxiliary rudders. In the lower speed range can also combine the auxiliary rudder with the steering flap (s) of the waterjet drives into one faster rowing maneuvers make sense. In an emergency, e.g. at Total failure of the electric rudder propellers after rear hits, the rudder position of the ship can only be with the steering flaps the waterjet drives take place.
Die Azimuthantriebe des oder der elektrischen Ruderpropeller sind bei Einsatz der Waterjets in ihrer Nullstellung verriegelt. Diese Stellung kann aus hydrodynamischen Gründen etwas von der Nulllage abweichen, z.B. im Bereich ± 5 Grad. So kann eine stabile Geradeausfahrt ohne dauernde Ruderlagemanöver erreicht werden.The azimuth drives of the electric rudder propeller (s) are locked in their zero position when using the Waterjets. This position can be something for hydrodynamic reasons deviate from the zero position, e.g. in the range of ± 5 degrees. So can a stable straight ahead without constant rudder maneuvers can be achieved.
Bei der maximalen Schiffsgeschwindigkeit, das sind in der Regel Schiffsgeschwindigkeiten von mehr als 30 Knts., wird das Schiff von der gemeinsamen Kombination von elektrischen Ruderpropeller- und Waterjetantrieben angetrieben. Die Schiffsrichtung wird dann in erster Linie mit der Verdrehung der Hilfsruder gesteuert. Für schnelle Rudermanöver, z.B. bei Gefahr, kann auch die Kombination des Hilfsruders mit der oder den Lenkklappen der Waterjetantriebe sinnvoll sein. Der Azimuthantrieb der elektrischen Ruderpropeller ist bei Höchstfahrt vorteilhaft in der Nullstellung verriegelt. Diese Stellung kann aus hydrodynamischen Gründen ebenfalls von der Nulllage etwas abweichen, z.B. im Bereich von 0 bis ± 5 Grad. So ergibt sich ein besonders stabiles Geradeausfahrtverhalten.At the maximum ship speed, that is usually Ship speeds of more than 30 knts Ship from the common combination of electric rudder propeller and waterjet drives. The direction of the ship is then primarily with the twist of the Auxiliary rudder controlled. For quick rowing maneuvers, e.g. in danger, can also combine the auxiliary rudder with the or the steering flaps of the waterjet drives make sense. The azimuth drive the electric rudder propeller is at full speed advantageously locked in the zero position. This position can also from the hydrodynamic reasons Deviate slightly from the zero position, e.g. in the range of 0 to ± 5 degrees. This results in a particularly stable straight-ahead driving behavior.
Bei Hafenmanövern, d.h. beim An- und Ablegen des Schiffes, werden in der Regel Bug- und Heckrudersysteme in Betrieb genommen. Im hinteren Ende des Schiffes sind die elektrischen Ruderpropeller wirksam. Entsprechend der benötigten Schubrichtung wird der elektrische Ruderpropeller durch den Azimuthantrieb in die richtige Lage gedreht. Das Hilfsruder ist in der Regel verriegelt und kann bei diesem Manöver nicht verdreht werden. Am Bug des Schiffes ist in der Regel ein Querstrahlrudersystem vorgesehen und erzeugt dort einen Querschub zum Schiff in die benötigte und ausgewählte Richtung. Das Querstrahlrudersystem ist unabhängig von den anderen Antrieben und Steuersystemen des Schiffes und wird in der Regel von Hand mittels Steuerorganen, z.B. durch separate Drucktasten oder einen Joystick, betätigt. Dieser Betätigungsvorgang ist in der Regel ebenfalls verriegelbar, damit er nicht unabsichtlich bei höheren Fahrtstufen in Betrieb genommen werden kann.During port maneuvers, i.e. when docking and disembarking the ship, bow and stern rudder systems are generally put into operation. In the back of the ship are the electrical ones Rudder propeller effective. According to the direction of thrust required the electric rudder propeller is powered by the azimuth drive turned into the correct position. The auxiliary rudder is usually locked and cannot during this maneuver be twisted. There is usually a on the bow of the ship Transverse thruster system is provided and creates a transverse thrust there to the ship in the required and selected direction. The transverse thruster system is independent of the other drives and control systems of the ship and will usually by hand using control units, e.g. by separate push buttons or a joystick. This actuation process is usually also lockable so that it does not accidentally be put into operation at higher speeds can.
Insgesamt ergeben sich also vier unterschiedliche und gegeneinander zum größten Teil verriegelte, aber auch zum Teil miteinander im gleichen Sinn wirkende Ruderfunktionen (Bugstrahlruder, Waterjetsteuerung, Azimuthsteuerung der Ruderpropeller, Hilfsruder). Das erfindungsgemäße Hilfsruder hat seine Hauptfunktion, wenn das Schiff in höheren Fahrtstufen angetrieben wird. In den niedrigen Fahrstufen des Schiffes kann das Hilfsruder für schnellere Rudermanöver oder zur Kursstabilisierung in Kombination mit dem Hauptruder, in diesem Fall die Ruderpropeller, vorteilhaft eingesetzt werden.In total there are four different and against each other mostly locked, but also partly rudder functions acting together in the same sense (bow thruster, Waterjet control, azimuth control of the rudder propellers, Auxiliary rudder). The auxiliary rudder according to the invention has its main function when the ship is at higher speeds is driven. In the low speed steps of the ship can the auxiliary rudder for faster rowing maneuvers or for Course stabilization in combination with the main rudder, in this In case the rudder propellers are used advantageously.
Claims (17)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
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DE10244295A DE10244295B4 (en) | 2002-09-23 | 2002-09-23 | Auxiliary rudder on an electric rudder propeller for fast seagoing ships and operating procedures for the auxiliary rudder |
DE10244295 | 2002-09-23 |
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EP1400443A1 true EP1400443A1 (en) | 2004-03-24 |
EP1400443B1 EP1400443B1 (en) | 2011-10-26 |
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EP03020704A Expired - Lifetime EP1400443B1 (en) | 2002-09-23 | 2003-09-11 | Auxiliary rudder for an electric azimuthing propeller intended for fast ships and operating method for said auxiliary rudder |
Country Status (4)
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EP (1) | EP1400443B1 (en) |
AT (1) | ATE530433T1 (en) |
DE (1) | DE10244295B4 (en) |
ES (1) | ES2373711T3 (en) |
Cited By (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR2913399A1 (en) * | 2007-03-07 | 2008-09-12 | Max Power Soc Par Actions Simp | PROPULSION SYSTEM FOR ASSISTING MANEUVER FOR A BOAT. |
EP1975060A1 (en) * | 2007-03-30 | 2008-10-01 | Henning Prof. Dr.-Ing. Gold | Sailboat motor with rudder attached to its casing |
NL1037824C2 (en) * | 2010-03-23 | 2011-09-27 | Heijden Spijkers Maria Anna Josepha | Apparatus and method for the propulsion, steering, manoeuvring and stabilisation of boats and other floating vessels. |
ITGE20130012A1 (en) * | 2013-01-30 | 2014-07-31 | Massimo Verme | PROPULSION AND MANEUVER OF A BOAT |
EP2780225A4 (en) * | 2011-11-18 | 2016-01-20 | Rolls Royce Ab | A method of and a device for reducing the azimuthal torque acting on a pulling pod unit or azimuth thruster |
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WO1989005262A1 (en) * | 1987-12-09 | 1989-06-15 | Kamewa Ab | A combined rudder and propeller arrangement |
EP0901449B1 (en) | 1996-06-06 | 2001-09-12 | Rolls-Royce AB | Marine propulsion and steering unit |
DE10102740A1 (en) * | 2001-01-22 | 2002-08-01 | Siemens Ag | Propulsion for ships |
EP1270402A1 (en) * | 2001-06-29 | 2003-01-02 | Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Ltd. | Azimuth propeller device |
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DE2115018C3 (en) * | 1971-03-27 | 1975-11-27 | Rudolf 2400 Luebeck Will | Tiltable Z-ship propulsion with swiveling screw |
DE4440738A1 (en) * | 1994-11-15 | 1996-05-23 | Schottel Werft | Ship propulsion with a prime mover in the hull and a propeller driven by the prime mover outside the hull |
DE10141893A1 (en) * | 2001-01-22 | 2002-08-22 | Siemens Ag | Fast military surface ship |
-
2002
- 2002-09-23 DE DE10244295A patent/DE10244295B4/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2003
- 2003-09-11 AT AT03020704T patent/ATE530433T1/en active
- 2003-09-11 EP EP03020704A patent/EP1400443B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2003-09-11 ES ES03020704T patent/ES2373711T3/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
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WO1989005262A1 (en) * | 1987-12-09 | 1989-06-15 | Kamewa Ab | A combined rudder and propeller arrangement |
EP0901449B1 (en) | 1996-06-06 | 2001-09-12 | Rolls-Royce AB | Marine propulsion and steering unit |
DE10102740A1 (en) * | 2001-01-22 | 2002-08-01 | Siemens Ag | Propulsion for ships |
EP1270402A1 (en) * | 2001-06-29 | 2003-01-02 | Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Ltd. | Azimuth propeller device |
Cited By (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR2913399A1 (en) * | 2007-03-07 | 2008-09-12 | Max Power Soc Par Actions Simp | PROPULSION SYSTEM FOR ASSISTING MANEUVER FOR A BOAT. |
WO2008125782A2 (en) * | 2007-03-07 | 2008-10-23 | Max Power | Propulsion system for manoeuvring assistance for a ship |
WO2008125782A3 (en) * | 2007-03-07 | 2008-12-18 | Max Power | Propulsion system for manoeuvring assistance for a ship |
EP1975060A1 (en) * | 2007-03-30 | 2008-10-01 | Henning Prof. Dr.-Ing. Gold | Sailboat motor with rudder attached to its casing |
NL1037824C2 (en) * | 2010-03-23 | 2011-09-27 | Heijden Spijkers Maria Anna Josepha | Apparatus and method for the propulsion, steering, manoeuvring and stabilisation of boats and other floating vessels. |
EP2780225A4 (en) * | 2011-11-18 | 2016-01-20 | Rolls Royce Ab | A method of and a device for reducing the azimuthal torque acting on a pulling pod unit or azimuth thruster |
ITGE20130012A1 (en) * | 2013-01-30 | 2014-07-31 | Massimo Verme | PROPULSION AND MANEUVER OF A BOAT |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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ES2373711T3 (en) | 2012-02-08 |
DE10244295B4 (en) | 2004-11-04 |
EP1400443B1 (en) | 2011-10-26 |
DE10244295A1 (en) | 2004-04-01 |
ATE530433T1 (en) | 2011-11-15 |
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