EP1388378B1 - Method for producing a hollow ingot of metallic material - Google Patents

Method for producing a hollow ingot of metallic material Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1388378B1
EP1388378B1 EP03016131A EP03016131A EP1388378B1 EP 1388378 B1 EP1388378 B1 EP 1388378B1 EP 03016131 A EP03016131 A EP 03016131A EP 03016131 A EP03016131 A EP 03016131A EP 1388378 B1 EP1388378 B1 EP 1388378B1
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EP
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Prior art keywords
starting material
piercing
cross
punching
mill
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EP03016131A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP1388378A1 (en
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Jürgen Pietsch
Thomas Leisten
Frank Salomon
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SMS Group GmbH
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SMS Meer GmbH
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21B—ROLLING OF METAL
    • B21B19/00—Tube-rolling by rollers arranged outside the work and having their axes not perpendicular to the axis of the work
    • B21B19/02—Tube-rolling by rollers arranged outside the work and having their axes not perpendicular to the axis of the work the axes of the rollers being arranged essentially diagonally to the axis of the work, e.g. "cross" tube-rolling ; Diescher mills, Stiefel disc piercers or Stiefel rotary piercers
    • B21B19/04—Rolling basic material of solid, i.e. non-hollow, structure; Piercing, e.g. rotary piercing mills
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21B—ROLLING OF METAL
    • B21B1/00—Metal-rolling methods or mills for making semi-finished products of solid or profiled cross-section; Sequence of operations in milling trains; Layout of rolling-mill plant, e.g. grouping of stands; Succession of passes or of sectional pass alternations
    • B21B1/46—Metal-rolling methods or mills for making semi-finished products of solid or profiled cross-section; Sequence of operations in milling trains; Layout of rolling-mill plant, e.g. grouping of stands; Succession of passes or of sectional pass alternations for rolling metal immediately subsequent to continuous casting
    • B21B1/466—Metal-rolling methods or mills for making semi-finished products of solid or profiled cross-section; Sequence of operations in milling trains; Layout of rolling-mill plant, e.g. grouping of stands; Succession of passes or of sectional pass alternations for rolling metal immediately subsequent to continuous casting in a non-continuous process, i.e. the cast being cut before rolling
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21B—ROLLING OF METAL
    • B21B3/00—Rolling materials of special alloys so far as the composition of the alloy requires or permits special rolling methods or sequences ; Rolling of aluminium, copper, zinc or other non-ferrous metals
    • B21B3/02—Rolling special iron alloys, e.g. stainless steel

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for producing a hollow block of metallic material according to the preamble of claim 1, is formed in the cylindrically shaped starting material in a cross rolling mill using an axially fixed piercing pin to form a tubular hollow block.
  • a method of this kind is known from EP 0 940 193 A2.
  • the press-hole is also known, as described, for example, in DE 195 20 833 A1.
  • the advantages of the press hole are above all the occurrence of compressive stresses in the material core zone, whereby there is no danger of internal defects, even with steel types with limited forming capacity.
  • the disadvantage here is the relatively high eccentricity of the hollow blocks and their lower operating weight.
  • EP 0 940 193 A2 provides that a solid reduction of the material is carried out before the starting material is punched. Reduction and perforation can take place in a single step (see Fig. 1 of EP 0 940 193 A2); Alternatively, two steps may be provided for the reduction and perforation (see Figures 2 and 3 of EP 0 940 193 A2).
  • the invention is therefore based on the object to provide a method by which hollow blocks made of bearing steel can be produced economically by the oblique rolling process.
  • the starting material for the production of tubes as a starting material for the production of bearing rings should be cheaper.
  • the object is achieved by a method for producing a hollow block with the features of the independent claim.
  • the starting material is preferred in the cross rolling mill then only one rolling process with defined reduced, ie low degree of deformation during punching subjected;
  • the forming parameters are then limited so that only a small deformation takes place.
  • continuously cast starting material is used directly to produce seamless tubes which are fed to the cross rolling mill without performing a rough rolling process.
  • the material is only one rolling process with defined reduced, d. H. low degree of deformation, compared with the possibilities of known Schrägwalz compiler. Therefore, there is no mass reduction before or during punching, as is usual in previously known methods. In this way, the production process for seamless tubes, in particular from bearing steel, can be significantly simplified and thus made more economical.
  • the cross rolling mill is preferably designed as a three-roll cross rolling mill; cone tapered rollers are preferably used here.
  • cross-section decrease is meant the difference between the starting cross-sectional area and the reshaped cross-sectional area with respect to the starting cross-sectional area.
  • constriction in the punching process should be at least 75%, preferably at least 87% of the initial diameter.
  • constriction is here to understand the diameter reduction at the narrowest point, the high point; it thus results as a quotient of the diameter at the high point relative to the initial diameter.
  • the high point is the narrowest point between the rolls, ie where the material diameter is smallest.
  • the maximum elongation of the starting material in convergent punching is 3.5, preferably 3.0, and in divergent punching 2.5, preferably 2.0.
  • the stretch results as the ratio of the tube length after the forming to the original block or tube length or as the ratio of the cross-sectional area before the deformation to the reshaped cross-sectional area.
  • the reduction in diameter of the starting material in the cross rolling mill should be reduced by a maximum of 42%, preferably a maximum of 15%, if a reduction in mass is carried out, ie in the case of pre-forming. It is defined as the difference between the diameter before forming and the diameter after forming relative to the starting diameter, i. before forming.
  • the method can be used particularly advantageously if the starting material is heated to a temperature between 1050 ° C. and 1140 ° C., preferably to a temperature between 1060 ° C. and 1080 ° C., prior to punching.
  • the punching operation is performed with divergent aligned rollers.
  • the roll axes move away from one another in the rolling direction, while in convergent rolling, the roll axes increasingly approach one another in the rolling direction.
  • the proposed method is particularly preferred in the processing of bearing steel of the type 100 Cr 6 is used.
  • the proposed method can produce the hollow billet in a substantially lower cost compared with the prior art swaging method.
  • the method according to the invention therefore combines the advantages of the cross rolling method in terms of good concentricity, high application weight and low material losses with the advantages of press punching with respect to predominant compressive stresses in the core region of the material while avoiding the disadvantages both procedural principles.
  • the advantages of the cross rolling method in terms of good concentricity, high application weight and low material losses with the advantages of press punching with respect to predominant compressive stresses in the core region of the material while avoiding the disadvantages both procedural principles.
  • FIG. 1 an embodiment of the invention is shown.
  • the single figure shows schematically the metallic starting material, which is formed by rolling to the hollow block.
  • 1 designates the hollow block to be produced, which is then formed into a seamless tube.
  • This consists according to the invention of bearing steel of the type 100 Cr 6.
  • the hollow block 1 is made of starting material 2 with a circular cylindrical cross section.
  • the transformation of the starting material 2 to the hollow block 1 takes place in a three-roll cross rolling mill; shown are two rolls 3 and 4 of the cross rolling mill.
  • the rollers 3, 4 have a tapered portion.
  • the axes 6 and 7 of the rollers 3 and 4 move away from each other in the rolling direction R, d. H. There is a divergent punching.
  • an axially fixed hole dome 5 is provided, over which the starting material 2 is rolled by the rollers 3 and 4.
  • the starting material 2 consists of non-preformed material, which is produced by direct continuous casting. Before feeding the starting material 2 into the cross rolling mill 3, 4, the material is not subjected to a rough rolling process. In the cross rolling mill 3, 4 itself, when punching the starting material 2, is rolled with a defined only reduced, ie low degree of deformation.
  • the reduction in the cross-section of the starting material 2 during the piercing operation in the cross rolling mill 3, 4 is at most 60% for divergent punching and at most 71% for convergent punching.
  • the reduction in the cross-section is up to 80%.
  • constriction of the starting material 2 in the punching process is at least 75%, more preferably at least 87%.
  • the punching process is carried out according to the embodiment with divergently employed rollers.
  • the maximum elongation of the starting material is 2.5.
  • the method is preferably applicable to the processing of low alloy steels of non-pre-formed continuous casting material and high alloy steels while avoiding significant internal defects and end losses at low eccentricity.
  • the feedstock may be specially melted, pan-treated and potted, such that it has a fine-grained, homogeneous microstructure with finely dispersed primary carbide and high purity distribution, with particularly limited O 2 and S contents.
  • the stretch 3 to 4 or the cross-section decrease must be at least 67% to 75%.
  • the punching of the block, so the starting material to the hollow block is carried out with a defined moderate degree of deformation (maximum stretching 2.0 to 3.5) under complex simultaneous combination of several forming parameters, which were specified in the claims and which is an optimum for the production of in Represent speech hollow blocks.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Metal Rolling (AREA)
  • Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)
  • Crystals, And After-Treatments Of Crystals (AREA)
  • Compounds Of Alkaline-Earth Elements, Aluminum Or Rare-Earth Metals (AREA)
  • Superconductors And Manufacturing Methods Therefor (AREA)

Abstract

Production of a hollow block (1) made from metallic material, especially roller bearing steel comprises deforming a cylindrically deformed starting material (2) in a cross rolling mill (3, 4) using an axially fixed mandrel (5) to form a tubular hollow block. The starting material is made from a pre-deformed material produced by direct continuous casting, in which the starting material is not pre-rolled before being introduced into the cross rolling mill.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Hohlblocks aus metallischem Material gemäß dem Oberbegriff der Anspruchs 1, bei dem zylindrisch geformtes Ausgangsmaterial in einem Schrägwalzwerk unter Einsatz eines axial feststehenden Lochdorns zu einem rohrförmigen Hohlblock umgeformt wird. Ein Verfahren dieser Art ist aus der EP 0 940 193 A2 bekannt.The invention relates to a method for producing a hollow block of metallic material according to the preamble of claim 1, is formed in the cylindrically shaped starting material in a cross rolling mill using an axially fixed piercing pin to form a tubular hollow block. A method of this kind is known from EP 0 940 193 A2.

Beispielsweise für die Herstellung von Wälzlagerringen werden nahtlose Rohre aus Wälzlagerstahl benötigt, die durch das gattungsgemäße Verfahren hergestellt werden können. Dabei wird zylindrisch geformtes Ausgangsmaterial einem Schrägwalzwerk zugeführt, das mit einem axial feststehenden Lochdom ausgestattet ist. Zur Umformung des zylindrisch geformten Ausgangsmaterials zu einem nahtlosen Rohr wird das Ausgangsmaterial über den Lochdom gewalzt.For example, for the production of rolling bearing rings seamless tubes made of bearing steel are needed, which can be produced by the generic method. In this case, cylindrically shaped starting material is fed to a cross rolling mill, which is equipped with an axially fixed hole dome. To transform the cylindrically shaped stock into a seamless tube, the stock is rolled over the perforated dome.

Neben dem Lochen des Ausgangsmaterials durch Schrägwalzen ist auch noch das Presslochen bekannt, wie es beispielsweise in der DE 195 20 833 A1 beschrieben wird.In addition to the punching of the starting material by means of oblique rolling, the press-hole is also known, as described, for example, in DE 195 20 833 A1.

Die Vorteile des Schrägwalzverfahrens sind vor allem die niedrige Exzentrizität der Hohlblöcke und ein hohes Einsatzgewicht der Blöcke, d. h. es können relativ lange Rohre gefertigt werden. Nachteilig ist bei den bekannten Schrägwalzverfahren, dass Zugspannungen in der Materialkernzone auftreten, wodurch die Gefahr der Innenfehler-Entstehung durch Aufreißen besteht; weiterhin ist hier eine relativ hohe Vormaterialqualität notwendig, weshalb in der Regel bei Werkstoffen mit vermindertem Umformvermögen nur vorgewalztes Material verarbeitet werden kann.The advantages of the cross rolling process are above all the low eccentricity of the hollow blocks and a high operating weight of the blocks, ie relatively long tubes can be manufactured. A disadvantage of the known Schrägwalzverfahren that tensile stresses occur in the core material zone, whereby the risk of internal defect formation by tearing is; Furthermore, a relatively high raw material quality is necessary here, which is why normally only pre-rolled material can be processed for materials with reduced forming capacity.

Die Vorteile des Presslochens sind vor allem das Auftreten von Druckspannungen in der Materialkemzone, wodurch keine Gefahr von Innenfehlern gegeben ist, selbst bei Stahltypen mit eingeschränktem Umformvermögen. Nachteilig ist hier die relativ hohe Exzentrizität der Hohlblöcke sowie deren geringeres Einsatzgewicht.The advantages of the press hole are above all the occurrence of compressive stresses in the material core zone, whereby there is no danger of internal defects, even with steel types with limited forming capacity. The disadvantage here is the relatively high eccentricity of the hollow blocks and their lower operating weight.

Aufgrund der genannten Nachteile dieser Schrägwalzverfahren sieht die EP 0 940 193 A2 vor, dass vor dem Lochen des Ausgangsmaterials eine Massivreduktion des Materials vorgenommen wird. Reduktion und Lochung können dabei in einem einzigen Schritt erfolgen (s. Fig. 1 der EP 0 940 193 A2); alternativ können für die Reduktion und die Lochung auch zwei Schritte vorgesehen werden (s. Fig. 2 und 3 der EP 0 940 193 A2).Owing to the mentioned disadvantages of this cross rolling method, EP 0 940 193 A2 provides that a solid reduction of the material is carried out before the starting material is punched. Reduction and perforation can take place in a single step (see Fig. 1 of EP 0 940 193 A2); Alternatively, two steps may be provided for the reduction and perforation (see Figures 2 and 3 of EP 0 940 193 A2).

Bei der Nutzung des Schrägwalzverfahrens zur Lochung zylindrischen Ausgangsmaterials hat sich herausgestellt, dass es speziell bei der Verarbeitung von Wälzlagerstahl und hier insbesondere bei Stahl des Typs 100 Cr 6 mit dem vorbekannten Verfahren Probleme gibt. Das gemäß dem Stand der Technik eingesetzte Massivreduzieren des Ausgangsmaterials verteuert den Herstellungsprozess nicht unerheblich.When using the Schrägwalzverfahrens for punching cylindrical starting material has been found that there are problems especially with the processing of bearing steel and here in particular with steel of the type 100 Cr 6 with the previously known method. The mass reduction of the starting material used in accordance with the prior art makes the production process considerably more expensive.

Der Erfindung liegt daher die Aufgabe zugrunde, ein Verfahren zu schaffen, mit dem sich Hohlblöcke aus Wälzlagerstahl durch das Schrägwalzverfahren ökonomisch herstellen lassen. Insbesondere soll das Vormaterial für die Herstellung von Rohren als Ausgangsprodukt für die Fertigung von Lagerringen preiswerter werden.The invention is therefore based on the object to provide a method by which hollow blocks made of bearing steel can be produced economically by the oblique rolling process. In particular, the starting material for the production of tubes as a starting material for the production of bearing rings should be cheaper.

Gelöst wird die Aufgabe durch ein Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Hohlblockes mit den Merkmalen des unabhängigen Anspruchs.The object is achieved by a method for producing a hollow block with the features of the independent claim.

Bevorzugt wird das Ausgangsmaterial im Schrägwalzwerk dann beim Lochen nur einem Walzvorgang mit definiert vermindertem, d. h. geringem Umformgrad unterzogen; die Umformparameter sind dann also limitiert, so dass nur eine geringe Umformung erfolgt.The starting material is preferred in the cross rolling mill then only one rolling process with defined reduced, ie low degree of deformation during punching subjected; The forming parameters are then limited so that only a small deformation takes place.

Gemäß dem Kern der Erfindung wird also direkt stranggegossenes Ausgangsmaterial zur Herstellung nahtloser Rohre verwendet, das ohne Durchführung eines Vorwalzprozesses dem Schrägwalzwerk zugeführt wird. Beim Lochen des Ausgangsmaterials im Schrägwalzwerk wird das Material nur einem Walzvorgang mit definiert vermindertem, d. h. geringem Umformgrad unterzogen, verglichen mit den Möglichkeiten bekannter Schrägwalzverfahren. Es findet beim Schrägwalzen daher keine Massivreduktion vor dem bzw. beim Lochen statt, wie dies bei vorbekannten Verfahren üblich ist. Auf diese Art und Weise kann das Herstellungsverfahren für nahtlose Rohre, insbesondere aus Wälzlagerstahl, wesentlich vereinfacht und damit ökonomischer gestaltet werden.Thus, according to the gist of the invention, continuously cast starting material is used directly to produce seamless tubes which are fed to the cross rolling mill without performing a rough rolling process. When punching the starting material in the cross rolling mill, the material is only one rolling process with defined reduced, d. H. low degree of deformation, compared with the possibilities of known Schrägwalzverfahren. Therefore, there is no mass reduction before or during punching, as is usual in previously known methods. In this way, the production process for seamless tubes, in particular from bearing steel, can be significantly simplified and thus made more economical.

Das Schrägwalzwerk ist bevorzugt als Drei-Walzen-Schrägwalzwerk ausgebildet; dabei kommen vorzugsweise Kegel-Schrägwalzen zum Einsatz.The cross rolling mill is preferably designed as a three-roll cross rolling mill; cone tapered rollers are preferably used here.

Es hat sich als besonders vorteilhaft erwiesen, wenn die nachfolgenden Bedingungen eingehalten werden:It has proved to be particularly advantageous if the following conditions are met:

Die Querschnittsabnahme des Ausgangsmaterials während des Lochungsvorgangs im Schrägwalzwerk sollte beim reduzierenden Lochen mit konvergenter Walzenstellung maximal 71 % und beim aufweitenden Lochen mit divergenter Walzenstellung maximal 60 % betragen. Unter Querschnittsabnahme wird dabei die Differenz zwischen Ausgangsquerschnittsfläche und umgeformter Querschnittsfläche bezogen auf die Ausgangsquerschnittsfläche verstanden.The reduction in cross-section of the starting material during the piercing operation in the cross rolling mill should amount to a maximum of 71% for reducing punching with a convergent roll position and a maximum of 60% for expanding punching with divergent roll position. By cross-section decrease is meant the difference between the starting cross-sectional area and the reshaped cross-sectional area with respect to the starting cross-sectional area.

Die Einschnürung beim Lochungsvorgang sollte mindestens 75 %, vorzugsweise mindestens 87 %, vom Ausgangsdurchmesser betragen. Unter Einschnürung ist hier die Durchmesserreduzierung an der engsten Stelle, dem Hohen Punkt, zu verstehen; sie ergibt sich also als Quotient des Durchmessers am Hohen Punkt bezogen auf den Ausgangsdurchmesser. Der Hohe Punkt ist die engste Stelle zwischen den Walzen, d. h. wo der Materialdurchmesser am kleinsten ist.The constriction in the punching process should be at least 75%, preferably at least 87% of the initial diameter. Under constriction is here to understand the diameter reduction at the narrowest point, the high point; it thus results as a quotient of the diameter at the high point relative to the initial diameter. The high point is the narrowest point between the rolls, ie where the material diameter is smallest.

Mit Vorteil beträgt die maximale Streckung des Ausgangsmaterials beim konvergentem Lochen 3,5, vorzugsweise 3,0, und beim divergentem Lochen 2,5, vorzugsweise 2,0. Die Streckung ergibt sich als Verhältnis der Rohrlänge nach der Umformung zur ursprünglichen Block- oder Rohrlänge bzw. als Verhältnis der Querschnittsfläche vor der Umformung zur umgeformten Querschnittsfläche.Advantageously, the maximum elongation of the starting material in convergent punching is 3.5, preferably 3.0, and in divergent punching 2.5, preferably 2.0. The stretch results as the ratio of the tube length after the forming to the original block or tube length or as the ratio of the cross-sectional area before the deformation to the reshaped cross-sectional area.

Die Durchmesserabnahme des Ausgangsmaterials im Schrägwalzwerk solltewenn ein Massiworreduzieren vorgenommen wird, also im Falle einer Vorumformung - maximal 42 % betragen, vorzugsweise maximal 15 %. Sie ist definiert als Differenz zwischen dem Durchmesser vor der Umformung und dem Durchmesser nach der Umformung bezogen auf den Ausgangs-Durchmesser, d.h. vor der Umformung.The reduction in diameter of the starting material in the cross rolling mill should be reduced by a maximum of 42%, preferably a maximum of 15%, if a reduction in mass is carried out, ie in the case of pre-forming. It is defined as the difference between the diameter before forming and the diameter after forming relative to the starting diameter, i. before forming.

Das Verfahren lässt sich besonders vorteilhaft anwenden, wenn das Ausgangsmaterial vor dem Lochen auf eine Temperatur zwischen 1.050 °C und 1.140 °C, vorzugsweise auf eine Temperatur zwischen 1.060 °C und 1.080 °C, erwärmt wird.The method can be used particularly advantageously if the starting material is heated to a temperature between 1050 ° C. and 1140 ° C., preferably to a temperature between 1060 ° C. and 1080 ° C., prior to punching.

Bevorzugt wird der Lochungsvorgang mit divergent ausgerichteten Walzen durchgeführt. Beim divergenten Walzen entfernen sich die Walzenachsen in Walzrichtung voneinander, während sich beim konvergenten Walzen die Walzenachsen in Walzrichtung zunehmend annähern.Preferably, the punching operation is performed with divergent aligned rollers. In the case of divergent rolling, the roll axes move away from one another in the rolling direction, while in convergent rolling, the roll axes increasingly approach one another in the rolling direction.

Das vorgeschlagene Verfahren kommt besonders bevorzugt bei der Verarbeitung von Wälzlagerstahl des Typs 100 Cr 6 zum Einsatz.The proposed method is particularly preferred in the processing of bearing steel of the type 100 Cr 6 is used.

Das Verfahren gemäß der Erfindung zeichnet sich durch verschiedene Vorteile aus:The method according to the invention is characterized by various advantages:

Durch die genannten Maßnahmen wird es möglich, Wälzlagerstahl, der im Direktstrangguss gefertigt wurde, ohne Vorreduktion zu verarbeiten und zum Hohlblock umzuformen. Im Kerngebiet des Materials liegen dabei vorteilhafte Druckspannungen vor.By the measures mentioned, it is possible to process bearing steel, which was produced in direct continuous casting, without prereduction and to form the hollow block. In the core area of the material, advantageous compressive stresses are present.

Durch Anwendung des vorgeschlagenen Verfahrens wird ein Hohlblock mit niedriger Exzentrizität erzeugt. Ferner ist es möglich, relativ lange Rohre herzustellen, da das Einsatzgewicht der Blöcke beim Schrägwalzverfahren groß sein kann. Durch die vorhandenen Druckspannungen in der Materialkernzone ist auch die Gefahr der Entstehung von Innenfehlern gering, was sich vor allem bei Stahlsorten mit eingeschränktem Umformvermögen positiv bemerkbar macht.By applying the proposed method, a hollow block with low eccentricity is produced. Furthermore, it is possible to produce relatively long tubes, since the operating weight of the blocks in the cross rolling process can be large. Due to the existing compressive stresses in the material core zone and the risk of internal defects is low, which makes positive especially noticeable in steel grades with limited formability.

Da ein Vorwalzen des Ausgangsmaterials vor dem Lochen entbehrlich wird, kann mit dem vorgeschlagenen Verfahren der Hohlblock in wesentlichen kostengünstigerer Weise hergestellt werden, verglichen mit dem Schrägwalzverfahren gemäß dem Stand der Technik.Since pre-rolling of the raw material prior to punching becomes unnecessary, the proposed method can produce the hollow billet in a substantially lower cost compared with the prior art swaging method.

Mit der vorgeschlagenen Vorgehensweise wird auch in vorteilhafter Weise erreicht, dass die Qualität des Hohlblocks auf hohem Niveau bleibt: Mit den vorgeschlagenen Walzparametern wird Triangulation (Dreiecksbildung) am hinteren Hohlblockende weitgehend vermieden, und es kommt auch zu keiner großen "Trompetenbildung" (Durchmesseraufweitung am vorderen Ende des Hohlblocks).With the proposed approach is also achieved in an advantageous manner that the quality of the hollow block remains at a high level: With the proposed rolling parameters triangulation (triangulation) is largely avoided at the rear hollow block end, and there is also no large "trumpet formation" (diameter expansion at the front End of the hollow block).

Das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren verbindet daher die Vorteile des Schrägwalzverfahrens hinsichtlich guter Konzentrizität, hohen Einsatzgewichts und geringer Materialverluste mit den Vorteilen des Presslochens hinsichtlich überwiegender Druckspannungen im Kerngebiet des Materials unter Vermeidung der Nachteile beider Verfahrensprinzipien. Somit ergeben sich neben ökonomischen Vorteilen auch Qualitätsverbesserungen des Hohlblocks.The method according to the invention therefore combines the advantages of the cross rolling method in terms of good concentricity, high application weight and low material losses with the advantages of press punching with respect to predominant compressive stresses in the core region of the material while avoiding the disadvantages both procedural principles. Thus, in addition to economic benefits and quality improvements of the hollow block arise.

Insgesamt ergibt sich eine Einsparung von Energie, Material- und Produktionskosten bei der Vormaterialbereitstellung, insbesondere für die Herstellung von Wälzlagerringen, bei einem hohen Qualitätsniveau der gefertigten Rohre.Overall, there is a saving of energy, material and production costs in the supply of primary material, in particular for the production of rolling bearing rings, with a high quality level of the finished tubes.

In der Zeichnung ist ein Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung dargestellt. Die einzige Figur zeigt schematisch das metallische Ausgangsmaterial, das mittels Walzen zum Hohlblock umgeformt wird.In the drawing, an embodiment of the invention is shown. The single figure shows schematically the metallic starting material, which is formed by rolling to the hollow block.

In der Figur ist mit 1 der zu fertigende Hohlblock bezeichnet, der dann zu einem nahtlosen Rohr umgeformt wird. Dieses besteht erfindungsgemäß aus Wälzlagerstahl des Typs 100 Cr 6. Der Hohlblock 1 wird aus Ausgangsmaterial 2 mit kreiszylindrischem Querschnitt gefertigt. Die Umformung des Ausgangsmaterials 2 zum Hohlblock 1 erfolgt in einem Drei-Walzen-Schrägwalzwerk; dargestellt sind zwei Walzen 3 und 4 des Schrägwalzwerks. Die Walzen 3, 4 weisen einen kegeligen Abschnitt auf. Die Achsen 6 und 7 der Walzen 3 und 4 entfernen sich in Walzrichtung R voneinander, d. h. es erfolgt ein divergentes Lochen.In the figure, 1 designates the hollow block to be produced, which is then formed into a seamless tube. This consists according to the invention of bearing steel of the type 100 Cr 6. The hollow block 1 is made of starting material 2 with a circular cylindrical cross section. The transformation of the starting material 2 to the hollow block 1 takes place in a three-roll cross rolling mill; shown are two rolls 3 and 4 of the cross rolling mill. The rollers 3, 4 have a tapered portion. The axes 6 and 7 of the rollers 3 and 4 move away from each other in the rolling direction R, d. H. There is a divergent punching.

Zum Lochen des Ausgangsmaterials 2 zum Hohlblock 1 ist ein axial festgelegter Lochdom 5 vorgesehen, über den das Ausgangsmaterial 2 durch die Walzen 3 und 4 gewalzt wird.For punching the starting material 2 to the hollow block 1, an axially fixed hole dome 5 is provided, over which the starting material 2 is rolled by the rollers 3 and 4.

Als wesentliches Merkmal der vorliegenden Erfindung ist vorgesehen, dass das Ausgangsmaterial 2 aus nicht vorgeformtem Material besteht, das durch Direktstrangguss hergestellt wird. Vor der Zuführung des Ausgangsmaterials 2 in das Schrägwalzwerk 3, 4 wird das Material keinem Vorwalzvorgang unterzogen. Im Schrägwalzwerk 3, 4 selber, beim Lochen des Ausgangsmaterials 2, wird mit einem nur definiert vermindertem, d. h. geringem Umformgrad gewalzt.As an essential feature of the present invention it is provided that the starting material 2 consists of non-preformed material, which is produced by direct continuous casting. Before feeding the starting material 2 into the cross rolling mill 3, 4, the material is not subjected to a rough rolling process. In the cross rolling mill 3, 4 itself, when punching the starting material 2, is rolled with a defined only reduced, ie low degree of deformation.

Hierunter ist insbesondere zu verstehen, dass die Querschnittsabnahme des Ausgangsmaterials 2 während des Lochungsvorgangs im Schrägwalzwerk 3, 4 höchstens 60 % beim divergenten Lochen und höchstens 71 % beim konvergenten Lochen beträgt. Beim Drei-Walzen-Schrägwalzverfahren gemäß dem Stand der Technik liegt die Querschnittsabnahme bei Werten bis zu 80 %.This is to be understood in particular that the reduction in the cross-section of the starting material 2 during the piercing operation in the cross rolling mill 3, 4 is at most 60% for divergent punching and at most 71% for convergent punching. In the prior art three-roll cross rolling method, the reduction in the cross-section is up to 80%.

Weiterhin beträgt die Einschnürung des Ausgangsmaterials 2 beim Lochungsvorgang mindestens 75 %, besonders bevorzugt mindestens 87 %.Furthermore, the constriction of the starting material 2 in the punching process is at least 75%, more preferably at least 87%.

Der Lochungsvorgang wird gemäß dem Ausführungsbeispiel mit divergent angestellten Walzen durchgeführt. Hierbei beträgt die maximale Streckung des Ausgangsmaterials 2,5.The punching process is carried out according to the embodiment with divergently employed rollers. Here, the maximum elongation of the starting material is 2.5.

Von Bedeutung ist auch noch, dass die Querschnittsabnahme des Ausgangsmaterials 2 beim Vorumformen - falls es aus Gründen der Sortimentserweiterung durchgeführt wird - maximal 66 % beträgt, was einer Streckung von 1 bis 3 entspricht. Dieser Wert ist im Stand der Technik wesentlich größer; er liegt bei 67 % bis 75 % und höher, was einer Streckung von größer oder gleich 3 bis 4 entspricht.Of importance is also that the reduction in the cross section of the starting material 2 in the pre-forming - if it is carried out for reasons of assortment expansion - a maximum of 66%, which corresponds to a stretch of 1 to 3. This value is much larger in the prior art; it is 67% to 75% and higher, which corresponds to an elongation of greater than or equal to 3 to 4.

Das Verfahren ist bevorzugt anwendbar für die Verarbeitung niedrig legierter Stähle aus nicht-vorumgeformtem Stranggussmaterial sowie hochlegierter Stähle unter Vermeidung signifikanter Innenfehler und Endenverlusten bei geringer Exzentrizität. Das Einsatzmaterial kann speziell als Rohrvormaterial erschmolzen, pfannenbehandelt und vergossen sein, so dass es ein feinkörniges, homogenes Gefüge mit feindisperser Verteilung der Primärkarbide und hohem Reinheitsgrad aufweist, wobei besonders die O2- und S-Gehalte begrenzt sind.The method is preferably applicable to the processing of low alloy steels of non-pre-formed continuous casting material and high alloy steels while avoiding significant internal defects and end losses at low eccentricity. The feedstock may be specially melted, pan-treated and potted, such that it has a fine-grained, homogeneous microstructure with finely dispersed primary carbide and high purity distribution, with particularly limited O 2 and S contents.

Nach dem Stand der Technik ist indes eine Vorumformung durch Längswalzen oder Schmieden notwendig, wobei die Streckung 3 bis 4 bzw. die Querschnittsabnahme mindestens 67 % bis 75 % betragen muss.In the prior art, however, a pre-forming by longitudinal rolling or forging is necessary, the stretch 3 to 4 or the cross-section decrease must be at least 67% to 75%.

Das Lochen vom Block, also vom Ausgangsmaterial, zum Hohlblock erfolgt mit einem definiert gemäßigten Umformgrad (Streckung maximal 2,0 bis 3,5) unter komplex gleichzeitiger Kombination mehrerer Umformparameter, die in den Ansprüchen angegeben wurden und die ein Optimum für die Herstellung der in Rede stehenden Hohlblöcke darstellen.The punching of the block, so the starting material to the hollow block is carried out with a defined moderate degree of deformation (maximum stretching 2.0 to 3.5) under complex simultaneous combination of several forming parameters, which were specified in the claims and which is an optimum for the production of in Represent speech hollow blocks.

Bezugszeichenliste:LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

11
Hohlblockhollow block
22
Ausgangsmaterialstarting material
33
Walze des SchrägwalzwerksRoller of the cross rolling mill
44
Walze des SchrägwalzwerksRoller of the cross rolling mill
55
Lochdompiercer
66
Achse der Walze 3Axle of the roller 3
77
Achse der Walze 4Axle of the roller 4
RR
Walzrichtungrolling direction

Claims (6)

  1. A method for producing a hollow bloom (1) of metallic material wherein cylindrically shaped starting material (2) is formed into a tubular hollow bloom (1) in a piercing mill (3, 4) using an axially fixed piercing mandrel (5), wherein the hollow bloom is made from roller bearing steel of the type 100 Cr 6 and wherein the starting material (2) consists of non-preformed material produced by direct continuous casting,
    characterised in that
    before being fed into the piercing mill (3, 4) the starting material (2) is not subjected to any pre-rolling process and that the starting material is formed into the hollow bloom in a three-roll piercing mill (3, 4) without any pre-reduction.
  2. The method according to claim 1,
    characterised in
    that the reduction in cross-section of the starting material (2) during the piercing process in the piercing mill (3, 4) is a maximum of 71% for convergent piercing and a maximum of 60% for divergent piercing.
  3. The method according to claim 1 or 2,
    characterised in
    that the constriction of the starting material (2) during the piercing process is at least 75%, preferably at least 87% of the starting diameter.
  4. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3,
    characterised in
    that the maximum stretching of the starting material (2) during convergent piercing is 3.5, preferably 3.0 and during divergent piercing 2.5, preferably 2.0.
  5. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 4,
    characterised in
    that before piercing the starting material (2) is heated to a temperature between 1050°C and 1140°C, preferably to a temperature between 1060°C and 1080°C.
  6. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 5,
    characterised in
    that the piercing process takes place using divergently aligned rollers (3, 4).
EP03016131A 2002-08-10 2003-07-16 Method for producing a hollow ingot of metallic material Expired - Lifetime EP1388378B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
SI200330417T SI1388378T1 (en) 2002-08-10 2003-07-16 Method for producing a hollow ingot of metallic material

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE10236757 2002-08-10
DE10236757A DE10236757B4 (en) 2002-08-10 2002-08-10 Process for producing a hollow block of metallic material

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EP1388378A1 EP1388378A1 (en) 2004-02-11
EP1388378B1 true EP1388378B1 (en) 2006-06-07

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EP (1) EP1388378B1 (en)
AT (1) ATE328675T1 (en)
DE (2) DE10236757B4 (en)
ES (1) ES2266691T3 (en)
PT (1) PT1388378E (en)
SI (1) SI1388378T1 (en)

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102005028667A1 (en) * 2005-06-16 2006-12-21 V&M Deutschland Gmbh Apparatus for producing a seamless hollow body made of steel
JP5003151B2 (en) * 2006-12-28 2012-08-15 住友金属工業株式会社 Manufacturing method of seamless steel pipe made of high Cr-high Ni base alloy steel
DE102008028711B4 (en) * 2007-10-15 2009-07-09 V&M Deutschland Gmbh Method and device for measuring the eccentricity of a hot-finished, seamless tube during manufacture
DE102010047868B4 (en) * 2009-10-26 2017-01-05 Sms Group Gmbh Method and device for producing a hollow block from a block
CN102699104A (en) * 2012-06-11 2012-10-03 常熟市旋力轴承钢管有限公司 Preparation method of G20CrNiMo bearing steel pipe
CN105170653B (en) * 2015-09-15 2018-02-06 鑫鹏源智能装备集团有限公司 Multi-functional rolling with secondary punch function roll shape
CN111589869B (en) * 2020-01-09 2023-08-18 安徽汉正轴承科技有限公司 High-strength and high-toughness two-roller oblique rolling perforation method for 2219 aluminum alloy pipe

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS58135708A (en) * 1982-02-05 1983-08-12 Kawasaki Steel Corp Method and installation for producing hollow bloom for seamless steel pipe continuously
DE3326946C1 (en) * 1983-07-22 1985-03-21 Mannesmann AG, 4000 Düsseldorf Apparatus for the production of a hollow body by skew rolling
DE3530343A1 (en) * 1985-08-24 1987-02-26 Kocks Technik HOLLOW ROLLING METHOD
DE19520833C2 (en) * 1994-06-16 1998-06-04 Mannesmann Ag Process for the production of a seamless hot-worked pipe
IT1298331B1 (en) * 1998-03-04 1999-12-20 Mannesmann Ag PROCEDURE FOR THE PRODUCTION OF PIPES WITHOUT WELDING

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
SI1388378T1 (en) 2006-10-31
ATE328675T1 (en) 2006-06-15
ES2266691T3 (en) 2007-03-01
DE50303653D1 (en) 2006-07-20
DE10236757A1 (en) 2004-02-19
PT1388378E (en) 2006-09-29
EP1388378A1 (en) 2004-02-11
DE10236757B4 (en) 2004-08-12

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