EP1380321A1 - Ausfallsichere Betätigung - Google Patents

Ausfallsichere Betätigung Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1380321A1
EP1380321A1 EP03077196A EP03077196A EP1380321A1 EP 1380321 A1 EP1380321 A1 EP 1380321A1 EP 03077196 A EP03077196 A EP 03077196A EP 03077196 A EP03077196 A EP 03077196A EP 1380321 A1 EP1380321 A1 EP 1380321A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
barrier
fail
drive
aperture
safe actuator
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP03077196A
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP1380321B1 (de
Inventor
Andrew Paul Cooper
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Individual
Original Assignee
Individual
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Publication of EP1380321A1 publication Critical patent/EP1380321A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1380321B1 publication Critical patent/EP1380321B1/de
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62C—FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62C2/00—Fire prevention or containment
    • A62C2/06—Physical fire-barriers
    • A62C2/10—Fire-proof curtains

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a fail-safe actuator, particularly though not exclusively for a barrier to divide, or remove division of, two regions in event of fire.
  • a fire or smoke barrier that is a curtain wound on a roller, must descend in the event of fire and the rate of descent must be controlled and safe.
  • the fire may interrupt all power sources and/or there maybe corruption to the control system. Then the barrier descends.
  • controlling the speed of descent is critical.
  • Further differing sizes of barrier have in the past called for different sizes of motor and increasing use of barriers in wider applications has called for many different sizes of motors and power supplies. This causes inventory problems and requires a greater need for dry systems which are fit for purpose in a wide variety of applications.
  • a further intrinsic difficulty with fail safe deployment of a curtain from a roller connected to a high reduction gearbox for its re-winding is that curtain is rolled up. In this condition, it is the weight of the bottom bar only which is available to apply un-winding torque to over-come initial stiction. On the other hand, once the curtain is most way un-wound, the full weight of the curtain is contributing to the un-winding torque in addition to that of the bottom bar. Thus low torque is available to overcome the high starting stiction and high torque towards the end has to be controlled by the lower rolling friction.
  • the brake which can be actuated by a battery backup, can hold the barrier against deployment. Should smoke be detected, the brake can be released.
  • the barrier will fall controllably due to motor (and gearbox) friction multiplied by the gearbox ratio providing a braking effect on the drum such that the barrier does not fall out of control.
  • the function of the brake is identical to that of the first alternative, but requires a higher torque capacity, since it does not act through the gearbox to hold the deployment torque of the barrier.
  • the motor For barriers of differing weights, the motor must be of the expensive type available in varying capacities.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide an improved fail safe actuator
  • a fail-safe actuator for an aperture barrier comprising:
  • the operative position of the barrier with respect to the aperture may be one in which it divides two regions on opposite sides of the aperture or it may be one in which it allows communication between the two regions.
  • the barrier may be a fire door or curtain or a smoke screen for dividing the opposite sides of the aperture from each other for preventing fire and/or smoke passing from the region on one side of the barrier to the other when operative; in the second alternative, the barrier may be a window or roof vent which normally divides the inside of the building from the outside, but which opens when operative to allow escape of smoke for instance in the event of fire.
  • the aperture will be real, for instance in the case of a door or window it will be the doorway or window opening, or in the case of a curtain, an area defined by a ceiling and two walls.
  • the aperture may be notional in that it is not bounded by solid boundaries all round, such a ceiling, two walls and a floor. For instance, it may stop short of a floor in the case of a smoke curtain extending part way from a ceiling to a floor.
  • the aperture for each individual curtain is that defined by a ceiling and a floor and the edges of two adjacent curtains in the series.
  • the barrier itself may be flexible or rigid. In the former case, it will generally be a curtain rolled on a roller. In the latter case, it may be a rigid door, window or vent.
  • the drive shaft will rotate many times for driving the curtain from its operative to its quiescent position. For a door or a vent the drivable member is unlikely to rotate more than 180 .
  • the invention is not intended to be limited to barriers moved rotationally. Indeed in its final deployment to its operative position a curtain's movement is largely translational. Additionally a rigid barrier may be deployed by translational movement. However for such movement, the drive shaft will normally be connected to a crank acting through a connecting rod, converting rotation of the drive shaft to translation of the barrier.
  • the three element gear mechanism could be a conventional, non-moving shaft, gearbox and indeed one having a one to one ratio between the second and third elements with the first element fixed; normally it will be a high reduction gearbox and as such it is conveniently an epicyclic (i.e. moving shaft) gearbox, due to the compact nature of the latter.
  • the gearbox has a high reduction, i.e. greater than 10 to 1
  • retardation torque applied to the barrier during deployment is at least the low torque of the retardation device multiplied by the gear ratio.
  • the retardation torque is likely to be higher, due to the internal friction of the gearbox.
  • the retardation device may apply no retardation torque to the third element when the barrier is deploying, all the retardation applied to the barrier originating as friction in the gearbox. In other words, the low torque may be zero.
  • the retardation device will normally be an electro-magnetic device.
  • it may be an electromagnetic clutch and/or an electromagnetic motor acting as a brake.
  • the latter can be adjusted to provide a low torque suitable to the particular barrier, by adjusting the resistance between the terminals of the motor.
  • the high torque will normally such as to hold the retardable member stopped when the barrier is being driven to the non-operative position and held there.
  • a pneumatic or hydraulic retardation device can also be used.
  • the motive power device will normally be an electric motor coupled to a high reduction gearbox. Again, normally the reduction and/or the internal friction and/or the stiction will be adequate to cause the motive power device to be sufficiently irreversible that the barrier will not deploy with the retardation device in its high torque state and no power applied.
  • the electric motor is a DC motor, the apparent friction can be increased by shorting the terminals. This will normally be the fail safe condition.
  • the motive power device can be pneumatic or hydraulic.
  • the force for deployment of the barrier will be gravitational
  • the invention has application in other situations, particularly where the force is spring force, either from metal or other springs or from struts such as gas struts or other stored energy devices.
  • Stored energy devices are particularly useful where for instance the barrier is to be deployed horizontal or indeed upwards.
  • the drive unit and the retarder can be arranged.
  • former can be connected by its drive transmitter to the curtain roller - or the equivalent - and the latter connected by its drive transmitter to the building concerned; or vice versa.
  • a fire screen or barrier 1 is wound on a drum 2 having a fail-safe actuator 3.
  • the actuator is controlled by a controller 4 connected to a standby, DC power supply 5, itself connected to an AC mains trickle charge unit 6.
  • the actuator comprises two back-to-back motor and gearbox units, that is a drive unit 11 and a retarder 12. Their output shafts are interconnected by a simple connector 13.
  • Each unit comprises a sleeve 14,15 accommodated within the drum tube 2 and respectively containing a main drive motor 16 and a numerically high reduction gearbox 17 in the sleeve 14 and a retarder motor 18 and a numerically low reduction gearbox 19 in the sleeve 15.
  • the gearbox 17 can have a 100:1 ratio and the gearbox 19 a 10:1 ratio.
  • the sleeve 14 has a bearing sleeve 21 for journalling the drum tube and a square section end stub 22 for irrotational support of the sleeve and indeed support of the drum at this end.
  • the stub comprises a drive transmitter for the drive unit 11, in that it provides for drive torque to be transmitted back or reacted to the part of the building in which the barrier is installed.
  • the sleeve 15 is irrotationally fixed in the drum.
  • the sleeve comprises a drive transmitter for the retarder 12, in that it provides the means by which drive torque is actually transmitted to the drum 2 and the screen 1.
  • An electro-mechanical brake 23 is provided in the sleeve 15 between the sleeve and the retarder motor 18. Normally, the brake is applied, whereby the retarder motor and gearbox is locked up as a whole 12.
  • voltage is applied to the drive motor 16. Its stator is fast with the sleeve 14. Its rotor is connected to the input of the gearbox 17, whereby the connector 13 is driven at highly reduced speed.
  • the unit 12 being locked, the drive is carried through this unit to the drum, which rotates around the unit 11.
  • the brake is released. Torque is applied to the drum by the weight of the barrier, assuming this to be wound up such as to tend to cause the retarder motor 18 to rotate as it is free to do so, the brake having been released.
  • the drum thus rotates with the retarder motor rotating inside it at the drum speed multiplied by the ratio of the gearbox 19.
  • the terminals of the retarder motor are shorted, causing back e.m.f. to be generated and tending to retard the motor.
  • This retarder torque is multiplied by the gearbox 19 and controls the decent of the barrier.
  • the motor 18 is preferably a multi-commutator segment motor for smoothness of rotation in braking the descent of the barrier.
  • the free fall rotation of the drum tends to rotate the connector 13 and the gearing within the gearbox 17.
  • this having a high reduction ratio, the small frictional starting torque of the drive motor 16 is multiplied by the high ratio such that the barrier torque does not rotate the motor 16.
  • the motor 16 can be a simple three commutator segment motor, which has the advantage not only of economy but also of magnetically induced free-wheel friction.
  • the normally open circuit relay 31 controls the drive motor in connection with the polarity reversing switch 32.
  • the normally closed relay 33 holds the brake on at all times except in the event of fire or of failure of the emergency power supply, when the relay opens. In this event the barrier free falls as described.
  • a further normally open relay 34 holds the terminals of the retarder motor 18 open circuit until power failure, the terminals are closed to apply braking back e.m.f.
  • an optional resistance 35 may be included in the terminal circuit.
  • a further feature is the application via a relay 36 of sufficient voltage to hold the retarder motor from rotating under lifting of the curtain in the event of the brake 23 being unable to apply sufficient torque, both relays 31 and 36 being operated together.
  • the drive and braking mechanism thereshown is essentially similar to that shown in Figure 2, save that the drive unit 111, is arranged inwardly of the retarder unit 112. Also the retarder unit is provided with a support stub 122 for supporting the barrier and holding its unit from rotating. A bearing sleeve 121 is provided between this unit the drum 102. The drive motor unit 111 on the other hand has the drum 102 fixed to it.
  • This mechanism works in an exactly analogous manner to that of Figure 2.
  • the brake 123 is applied and the barrier is wound up or down by the drive motor 116, possibly with the application of voltage to the retarder motor 118 to augment the action of the brake.
  • the brake is released and speed of descent is controlled by the back e.m.f. in the retarder motor, with the internal friction of the drive gearbox causing it to remain static.
  • the terminals of the drive motor can be arranged to be short circuited in the event of power failure, to further assure that it does not rotate and descent is under control of the retarder motor only.
  • the first, drive motor acting through the high reduction, first gearbox to drive drum can be a simple motor of the type having three segments of its commutator.
  • the second, retarder motor acting through the lesser reduction, second gearbox is preferably of the type having more commutator segments.
  • a roof vent 201 having a frame 202 and a pair of upwards opening flaps 203. These are pivoted to the frame at 204 and provided with gas struts 205 for their opening. Fail safe actuators 206 are provided for closing the flaps and allowing them to open in case of need to operative positions OP under the action of the gas struts.
  • the actuators are essentially similar to the actuator 3 of Figures 1 & 2 extending between opposite ends of the frame.
  • the outer tubes of the actuators have cranks 207, connected to the flaps via connecting rods 208.
  • the retarders In event of fire or power failure, the retarders become set to their low torque state and the gas struts over-come the weight of the flaps and the low retardation torque acting through the retard gearing. The flaps are lifted open.

Landscapes

  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
  • Emergency Management (AREA)
  • Operating, Guiding And Securing Of Roll- Type Closing Members (AREA)
  • Transmission Devices (AREA)
  • Valve Device For Special Equipments (AREA)
  • Fluid-Damping Devices (AREA)
  • Control Of Throttle Valves Provided In The Intake System Or In The Exhaust System (AREA)
  • Heat Treatment Of Steel (AREA)
  • Control Of Transmission Device (AREA)
  • Controls For Constant Speed Travelling (AREA)
EP03077196A 2002-07-13 2003-07-11 Ausfallsichere Betätigung Expired - Lifetime EP1380321B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB0216349 2002-07-13
GBGB0216349.1A GB0216349D0 (en) 2002-07-13 2002-07-13 Fail safe actuator

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1380321A1 true EP1380321A1 (de) 2004-01-14
EP1380321B1 EP1380321B1 (de) 2007-02-28

Family

ID=9940434

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP03077196A Expired - Lifetime EP1380321B1 (de) 2002-07-13 2003-07-11 Ausfallsichere Betätigung

Country Status (4)

Country Link
EP (1) EP1380321B1 (de)
AT (1) ATE355107T1 (de)
DE (1) DE60312080T2 (de)
GB (1) GB0216349D0 (de)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2416991A (en) * 2004-08-10 2006-02-15 Security Window Shutters Ltd Rolling fabric fire curtain
WO2008065211A1 (es) * 2006-11-30 2008-06-05 Icnita, Sl Estructura cortafuegos y/o cortahumos
ES2323356A1 (es) * 2006-11-30 2009-07-13 Icnita, Sl Estructura cortafuegos y/o cortahumos.

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0406493A1 (de) * 1989-07-07 1991-01-09 NuAire Limited Feuerhemmende Vorhangsanlage
US5383510A (en) * 1991-08-12 1995-01-24 Allen; Thomas H. Apparatus and method for rapidly and reliably sealing off certain openings in response to smoke, noxious fumes or contaminated air
DE19538609A1 (de) * 1994-10-18 1996-04-25 Bradley Lomas Electrolok Ltd Rauchvorhang

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0406493A1 (de) * 1989-07-07 1991-01-09 NuAire Limited Feuerhemmende Vorhangsanlage
US5383510A (en) * 1991-08-12 1995-01-24 Allen; Thomas H. Apparatus and method for rapidly and reliably sealing off certain openings in response to smoke, noxious fumes or contaminated air
DE19538609A1 (de) * 1994-10-18 1996-04-25 Bradley Lomas Electrolok Ltd Rauchvorhang

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2416991A (en) * 2004-08-10 2006-02-15 Security Window Shutters Ltd Rolling fabric fire curtain
GB2416991B (en) * 2004-08-10 2009-01-21 Security Window Shutters Ltd Rolling fabric fire curtain
WO2008065211A1 (es) * 2006-11-30 2008-06-05 Icnita, Sl Estructura cortafuegos y/o cortahumos
ES2323356A1 (es) * 2006-11-30 2009-07-13 Icnita, Sl Estructura cortafuegos y/o cortahumos.

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP1380321B1 (de) 2007-02-28
DE60312080D1 (de) 2007-04-12
GB0216349D0 (en) 2002-08-21
DE60312080T2 (de) 2007-11-15
ATE355107T1 (de) 2006-03-15

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