EP1374706A2 - Alimentation en filtre pour une machine d'assemblage de filtre - Google Patents

Alimentation en filtre pour une machine d'assemblage de filtre Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1374706A2
EP1374706A2 EP03005286A EP03005286A EP1374706A2 EP 1374706 A2 EP1374706 A2 EP 1374706A2 EP 03005286 A EP03005286 A EP 03005286A EP 03005286 A EP03005286 A EP 03005286A EP 1374706 A2 EP1374706 A2 EP 1374706A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
drum
filter
filter rods
feed device
staggered
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP03005286A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP1374706A3 (fr
EP1374706B1 (fr
Inventor
Manfred Dombek
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Koerber Technologies GmbH
Original Assignee
Hauni Maschinenbau GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Hauni Maschinenbau GmbH filed Critical Hauni Maschinenbau GmbH
Publication of EP1374706A2 publication Critical patent/EP1374706A2/fr
Publication of EP1374706A3 publication Critical patent/EP1374706A3/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1374706B1 publication Critical patent/EP1374706B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A24TOBACCO; CIGARS; CIGARETTES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES; SMOKERS' REQUISITES
    • A24CMACHINES FOR MAKING CIGARS OR CIGARETTES
    • A24C5/00Making cigarettes; Making tipping materials for, or attaching filters or mouthpieces to, cigars or cigarettes
    • A24C5/47Attaching filters or mouthpieces to cigars or cigarettes, e.g. inserting filters into cigarettes or their mouthpieces
    • A24C5/475Attaching filters or mouthpieces to cigars or cigarettes, e.g. inserting filters into cigarettes or their mouthpieces adapted for composite filters
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A24TOBACCO; CIGARS; CIGARETTES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES; SMOKERS' REQUISITES
    • A24CMACHINES FOR MAKING CIGARS OR CIGARETTES
    • A24C5/00Making cigarettes; Making tipping materials for, or attaching filters or mouthpieces to, cigars or cigarettes
    • A24C5/47Attaching filters or mouthpieces to cigars or cigarettes, e.g. inserting filters into cigarettes or their mouthpieces
    • A24C5/478Transport means for filter- or cigarette-rods in view of their assembling

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a feed device for filter rods in a tobacco processing machine Industry, especially filter attachment machine, with at least two magazines for filter rods and one Machine of the tobacco processing industry, in particular Filter attachment.
  • the invention further relates to a Method for feeding filter rods from at least two magazines in one machine of tobacco processing Industry, especially filter attachment machine.
  • No. 5,984,851 also discloses a Filter supply described in a filter attachment machine. For this, the filters or filter pieces are also cut several times in succession on the drums, staggered and shifted.
  • the disclosed Feeders can be single or Dual filters are delivered.
  • the first solution to the problem is with a feed device of the type mentioned in the introduction that the magazines are arranged in such a way that the conveyor levels the filter rods are offset in parallel.
  • the term "funding level” becomes one level in particular understood, taken from a magazine in the filter rods and in which the filter rods in the conveying direction be transported. From a geometric point of view are the filter rods perpendicular to each Conveying level arranged. At the funding level itself several drums can be arranged so that the filter rods passed from one drum to another can.
  • the invention is based on the idea of a spatial Moving the magazines for the filter rods to use the structural depth of a machine so that filter rods removed from the magazines at the same time be, the tapping points spatially shifted are, i.e. are not in one funding level. According to the invention are then the delivery levels of the filter rods arranged parallel to each other.
  • a removal drum for the filter rods from the Magazines and at least a first relay drum intended In a first conveyor section, based on the conveying direction of the filter rods, at least a removal drum for the filter rods from the Magazines and at least a first relay drum intended.
  • At least one first sliding drum is provided.
  • At least one relay drum and / or at least one second sliding drum provided.
  • a third conveyor section at least one accelerator drum or relay drum intended.
  • the invention is based on the further idea that Filter rods from the magazines next to each other until to the last or penultimate drum of the filter feed parallel and side by side, i.e. offset axially, be performed.
  • the Arrangement of the drums the width of the feed device or the filter attachment machine of importance.
  • the drums of the second conveyor section the filter rods parallel and next to each other at the same time. The means that the filter rods at least on one first sliding drum simultaneously and side by side be pushed.
  • the drums of the first Conveyor section can be used for the filter rods different magazines.
  • the respective drums for each conveyor path of the Filter rods can be formed individually. In the latter case it is necessary that the removal drums and possibly the relay drums for each Magazine are spatially offset from each other.
  • the feed device according to the invention achieved a high variability because both combination filters as well as higher production output can be achieved.
  • the filter rods become the spatial conditions of a machine from different magazines in different ones Placed on different levels or transported.
  • the number of rotatable according to the invention Axles kept as low as possible so that the machine drive can be constructed more simply.
  • the first funding section at least one second relay drum is arranged. After a first graduation in the first funding section finds at least a second staggering of the filter rods instead of. As a result, the distance in the conveying direction enlarged between two filter rods.
  • drums of the first advantageously have Conveying section essentially the same width.
  • the drums of the first conveyor section preferably have and the drums of the second conveyor section the same width.
  • the Filter rods from all drums simultaneously, in parallel and offset next to each other in the filter attachment machine be performed.
  • the drums are extended with Equipped axles.
  • the removal drums are for the first magazine and the removal drum offset parallel to each other for the second magazine arranged.
  • the invention of the season drums of the first Conveying section offset parallel to each other.
  • At least one cutting device is in the first conveyor section, preferably on at least one Removal drum, provided.
  • At least one cutting device in the second conveyor section preferably on the first sliding drum, intended.
  • the filter rods are preferably in a second Moved conveyor section on a first sliding drum.
  • the filter rods in the second conveyor section using a relay drum staggered and / or by means of a second Sliding drum shifted at least partially.
  • the filter rods can be reached on a machine in the first conveyor section the filter rods by means of at least one second relay drum at least one more time staggered.
  • the filter rods in the first conveyor section preferably on the removal drum, preferably cut so that from a removed Filter rod creates several, smaller filter pieces become.
  • Combination filters can then be easily be produced when in the second conveyor section at least some of the filter rods, especially on the relay drum.
  • the filter rods are continued in the second funding section on filter groups put together so that the different filter pieces a combination filter made up of several, in particular two, magazines result.
  • FIG. 1 is the front view of a filter attachment machine of the MAX type shown by the applicant. This machine has the following details: A Inlet drum 111 transfers the to a cigarette making machine produced cigarettes on two relay drums 222, which the staggered cigarettes in seasons and in rows of two pieces a space between the cigarettes to one Deliver the delivery drum 333.
  • the filter rods pass from a magazine 40 onto a Removal drum 60, there double to filter plugs Cut to length, on a relay drum 70 staggered, from a sliding drum 80 to aligned in a row of plugs and from an accelerator drum 90 into the spaces rows of cigarettes on the assembly drum 333 filed.
  • the Cigarette Filters Cigarette Groups are pushed together and by a transfer drum 110 taken over.
  • a strip of tipping paper peeled from a tipping paper bobbin 130 120 is provided by a gluing device 140 glued and then in a cutting device 160 a cutting drum 170 from the knives of a knife drum 180 cut into topping sheets.
  • the severed Topping papers are attached to the cigarette-filter-cigarette groups attached to the transfer drum 110 and on a roller drum 190 around the cigarette filter groups rolled around.
  • the finished double filter cigarettes are over a Drying drum 210 fed to a cutting drum 220 and on this by cutting through the middle Filter plugs assembled into single filter cigarettes.
  • a turning device 230 turns the row of filter cigarettes and at the same time transfers them to the continuous unturned row of filter cigarettes.
  • about the filter cigarettes are fed to a test drum 240 an ejection drum 260.
  • One with a brake drum 270 cooperating deposit drum 280 places the filter cigarettes on an offshoot conveyor 290.
  • Fig. 2 shows an enlarged view of a feed device 50 according to the prior art.
  • the filter rods from a magazine M by means of the removal drum 11 removed and by means of the cutting device 12, the from a knife 12.1 and a grinding wheel 12.2 for Regrinding the knife 12.1, cut.
  • the staggered drum 13 staggered to a sliding drum 21 passed on which the filter pieces in a row be arranged one behind the other.
  • the filter rods will be subsequently transferred to an accelerator drum 31 and delivered to the cigarette groups.
  • Fig. 3 shows a first embodiment of a feed device according to the invention.
  • Using a removal drum 11 become filter rods from two magazines M1, M2 removed simultaneously.
  • the magazines M1 and M2 are offset in the direction perpendicular to the drawing plane arranged to each other (see. Fig. 4).
  • Fig. 4 shows the spatial arrangement of the magazines M1 and M2 in a schematic plan view.
  • the magazines M1 and M2 with their delivery levels F1, F2 are parallel offset from each other.
  • the filter rods in the magazines are arranged one behind the other in the circumferential direction Set by the removal roller 11 from the Magazines M1, M2 taken.
  • the removal of the filter rods from the magazines M1 and M2 takes place in parallel offset conveyor levels F1, F2 at the same time.
  • the filter rods are each longitudinal axial and in a predetermined Spaced from each other.
  • the magazines M1 M2 can also be invented one after the other be designed so that the filter rods on the same Place in the circumferential direction of the removal drum from the Magazines M1 M2 can be removed.
  • the filter rods are attached to the cutting devices 12 each cut.
  • the cut ones Filter rods are on a relay drum 13 and subsequently on another, second relay drum 15 staggered.
  • the removal drum 11 and the relay drums 13, 15 form the first conveyor section I of the Filter rods.
  • the two-tiered filter pieces in the following funding section II a series of filter pieces in a row pushed together. In other words: on a common one Sliding drum 21 are two separate rows of Filter pieces trained.
  • To combine filters will generate a series of filter pieces with a Cutting device 22 cut.
  • the cutting device 22 consists of a knife 22.1 with a Grinding wheel 22.2 is kept continuously sharp.
  • the two rows formed on the sliding drum 21 of filter pieces are by means of the relay drum 23rd staggered and passed on to the second sliding drum 25.
  • the filter pieces are on the sliding drum 25 moved again so that the staggered moved filter pieces by means of the accelerator drum 31, which is designed as a relay drum, too a filter of double length.
  • the production output increased with the elimination of the cutting device 22 when the filter cartridges M1 and M2 are used same variety.
  • the acceleration and staggering of the sliding drum 25 filter pieces taken over forms the third Conveying section III of the filter plug or pieces. While in sections I and II the drums each have two rows of filter rods or pieces, is only one on the accelerator drum 31 Row of filter pieces or filters available.
  • FIG. 5 is another alternative embodiment shown in side view according to the invention.
  • the filter rods from the magazine M1 in the first conveyor section I separate from the filter rods from magazine M2 to the common drums the conveyor sections II and III transported.
  • the Conveying section I of the filter rods from magazine M1 takes place via the removal drum 11.1 and the two Relay drums 13.1 and 15.1.
  • the spatial, transverse axial conveyor drums offset to these drums - removal drum 11.2, relay drum 13.2, relay drum 15.2 - promote the Filter rods from the M2 magazine to the common one Sliding drum 21 of the second conveyor section II.
  • the filter rods are also used from magazines M1 and M2 each separately and parallel to each other in the respective conveyor section I transported.
  • the subsequent drums of the conveyor sections II and III correspond to the drums from the first embodiment (Fig. 3).
  • FIGS. 6 and 7 are schematic arrangements of filter rods or pieces according to their location in the respective drums from FIGS. 3 and 5 shown. For reasons of clarity, they are Filter rods from the two magazines M1, M2 different represented graphically. The not hatched Filter rods 100 become magazine M1 removed and the hatched filter rods 200 from the Magazine M2. The filter rods 100, 200 are each arranged perpendicular to their conveying plane F1, F2.
  • the production output be increased on the filter attachment machine because by means of the double-wide drums of the conveyor sections I and II correspondingly twice as much filter pieces be delivered to the cigarette groups.
  • the in this case, 6-times long filter rods 100, 200 are of equal length by means of cutting device 12 Cut filter pieces.
  • Filter pieces preferably 4 to 12 times, cut become.
  • On the following first relay drum 13 are the cut filter pieces each staggered, with two filter pieces per conveyor level in a trough of the relay drum 13 in one predetermined distance from each other.
  • the second relay drum 15 the filter pieces unblocked one more time, so that in each Trough the relay drum only one filter piece per conveyor level is arranged.
  • the Filter rods 100, 200 from the two magazines M1, M2 in Funding section I promoted parallel to each other.
  • the Promotion of the filter rods or pieces 100, 200 takes place by means of spatially separated, axially offset and drums offset parallel to one another (cf. FIG. 5).
  • the filter rods 100, 200 are removed by means of the extraction drums 11.1, 11.2 magazines M1 and M2, respectively removed and cut.
  • the filter rods 100, 200 then several times in their funding levels F1, F2 by means of the relay drums 13.1, 13.2, 15.1, 15.2 staggered in funding section I.
  • the filter pieces 100, 200 from the two magazines each arranged in a row one behind the other.
  • the compilation of the double long and symmetrical combination filter takes place on the relay or accelerator drum 31 of funding section III.
  • the filter rods 100, 200 For the parallel juxtaposition of the filter rods 100, 200 in the delivery levels F1, F2 from at least two Magazines M1, M2 to the last or penultimate drum
  • the filter feed on widened Drums using the depth of a filter attachment machine perform.
  • the filter rods managed in different funding levels.
  • FIG. 8 is another example of a feeder for a double-track filter attachment machine shown schematically. From the parallel to each other Staggered magazines M1, M2 are made using the removal drums 11.1, 11.2 the filter rods 100 and 200, respectively taken from the magazines M1 M2 and with the help of the Removal drums 11.1, 11.2 arranged cutting devices 12 cut multiple times, so that the Transfer of the cut filter pieces from the extraction drums 11.1, 11.2 to the relay drums 13.1, 13.2 Filter pieces or filter plugs twice the length of use are provided that are in the spaces between Rows of cigarettes or tobacco sticks on an assembly drum 41 can be inserted.
  • the filter pieces are a second time on the Relay drums 15.1 and 15.2 in the first funding section I staggered.
  • the filter pieces in the conveyor levels F1 and F2 arranged in a row on the sliding drum 21.
  • the parallel rows of filter pieces are on an accelerator drum 31 of the third conveyor section III passed and on this accelerator drum 31 or staggered drum, so that the Filter pieces parallel and offset to each other in the Delivery levels F1 and F2 are arranged.
  • the filter pieces are double width Feed drum 41 of the double-track filter attachment machine delivered and in the spaces between two tobacco sticks arranged transversely to each other 400 inserted so that cigarette filter piece-cigarette groups be formed.
  • a double lane Filter attachment machines are parallel or offset parallel two double-length filter pieces between each put two tobacco sticks.
  • one double lane filter attachment machine is from the installation the accelerator drum or relay drum 31 in third conveyor section apart, so that in parallel Rows of filter sticks arranged side by side Sliding drum 21 in the second conveyor section immediately be handed over to a delivery drum. On this Compilation drum are in the transverse axial direction Drum a total of four tobacco sticks in two parallel Arranged rows.
  • the Sliding drum 21 of the second conveyor section II and / or the accelerator drum 31 of the third conveyor section III double the width.
  • the drums of the first conveyor section III also formed with twice the width.
  • the Filter rods in parallel and side by side in two parallel conveyor levels up to the double-width feed drum promoted so that by means of the invention Feeder the production output of a double-lane Filter attachment machine is increased.
  • the number of rotating axes of the transport drums kept low so that the drive of the Machine is simple in construction.

Landscapes

  • Manufacturing Of Cigar And Cigarette Tobacco (AREA)
  • Cigarettes, Filters, And Manufacturing Of Filters (AREA)
  • Electrical Discharge Machining, Electrochemical Machining, And Combined Machining (AREA)
  • Extrusion Moulding Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
  • Thermistors And Varistors (AREA)
  • Making Paper Articles (AREA)
  • Knitting Machines (AREA)
  • Nonmetal Cutting Devices (AREA)
EP03005286A 2002-06-21 2003-03-11 Alimentation en filtre pour une machine d'assemblage de filtre Expired - Lifetime EP1374706B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE10227933A DE10227933A1 (de) 2002-06-21 2002-06-21 Filterzuführung an einer Filteransetzmaschine
DE10227933 2002-06-21

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1374706A2 true EP1374706A2 (fr) 2004-01-02
EP1374706A3 EP1374706A3 (fr) 2004-07-14
EP1374706B1 EP1374706B1 (fr) 2007-08-29

Family

ID=29716603

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP03005286A Expired - Lifetime EP1374706B1 (fr) 2002-06-21 2003-03-11 Alimentation en filtre pour une machine d'assemblage de filtre

Country Status (7)

Country Link
US (1) US20030234023A1 (fr)
EP (1) EP1374706B1 (fr)
JP (1) JP2004024245A (fr)
CN (1) CN100389691C (fr)
AT (1) ATE371382T1 (fr)
DE (2) DE10227933A1 (fr)
PL (1) PL360771A1 (fr)

Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1584247A1 (fr) * 2004-04-06 2005-10-12 Hauni Maschinenbau AG Machine d'assemblage de filtres
EP1679010A1 (fr) * 2005-01-06 2006-07-12 Hauni Maschinenbau AG Production de bouchons filtrants ou cigarette à filtre
EP1741350A1 (fr) * 2005-07-04 2007-01-10 G.D S.p.A. Dispositif d'alimentation en filtres pour une machine d'assemblage de filtres
EP1779739A1 (fr) 2005-10-26 2007-05-02 Universelle Engineering U.N.I. GmbH Dispositif d'alimentation de filtres
DE102008020631B3 (de) * 2008-04-24 2009-08-20 Hauni Maschinenbau Ag Verfahren zum Betreiben einer Maschine der Tabak verarbeitenden Industrie sowie entsprechende Maschine
ITBO20100587A1 (it) * 2010-09-30 2012-03-31 Gd Spa Apparecchiatura di alimentazione di elementi filtranti in una macchina per la produzione di filtri composti.
EP2687112A3 (fr) * 2012-07-19 2015-09-09 HAUNI Maschinenbau AG Espacement de segments de tiges de filtre
EP2995208A1 (fr) * 2014-09-11 2016-03-16 HAUNI Maschinenbau AG Machine de fixation et procede de fabrication d'un article en forme de tige de l'industrie de traitement du tabac

Families Citing this family (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US9623988B2 (en) * 2010-03-26 2017-04-18 Philip Morris Usa Inc. High speed poucher
DE102011006025B3 (de) * 2011-03-24 2012-07-19 Hauni Maschinenbau Ag Herstellung von Filterstopfen bzw. von Filterzigaretten
EP2696831A1 (fr) * 2011-04-12 2014-02-19 Roweg Holding AG Installation de production d'articles de grande série
EP3119216B1 (fr) * 2014-03-18 2018-05-09 G.D Societa' per Azioni Procédé de fabrication d'articles à fumer
GB201407513D0 (en) * 2014-04-29 2014-06-11 Tobacco Res & Dev Inst Proprietary Ltd A smoking article assembly machine for assembling smoking articles having segmented filters
JP6602895B2 (ja) 2016-01-19 2019-11-06 株式会社日立製作所 電力系統モデル解析装置及び方法

Citations (3)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB1264483A (fr) 1969-02-13 1972-02-23
GB2267021A (en) 1992-05-19 1993-11-24 Molins Plc Filter cigarette machine
US5984851A (en) 1994-03-31 1999-11-16 Japan Tobacco Inc. Grading device, used in manufacture of filter plugs for cigarettes

Family Cites Families (7)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US174873A (en) * 1876-03-14 Improvement in machine-guns
US642799A (en) * 1899-05-22 1900-02-06 Henry W Mather Paper-roll for manifolding sales-pads.
BE504073A (fr) * 1950-06-19
US2898998A (en) * 1957-01-15 1959-08-11 Olin Mathieson Method of and apparatus for cutting and collocating filter tip
GB1231291A (fr) * 1969-02-13 1971-05-12
GB1522596A (en) * 1974-10-15 1978-08-23 Hauni Werke Koerber & Co Kg Production of filter plugs
DE19856934A1 (de) * 1998-12-10 2000-06-15 Hauni Maschinenbau Ag Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Herstellen von Filterzigaretten mit Mehrfachfiltern

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB1264483A (fr) 1969-02-13 1972-02-23
GB2267021A (en) 1992-05-19 1993-11-24 Molins Plc Filter cigarette machine
US5984851A (en) 1994-03-31 1999-11-16 Japan Tobacco Inc. Grading device, used in manufacture of filter plugs for cigarettes

Cited By (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1584247A1 (fr) * 2004-04-06 2005-10-12 Hauni Maschinenbau AG Machine d'assemblage de filtres
EP1679010A1 (fr) * 2005-01-06 2006-07-12 Hauni Maschinenbau AG Production de bouchons filtrants ou cigarette à filtre
EP1741350A1 (fr) * 2005-07-04 2007-01-10 G.D S.p.A. Dispositif d'alimentation en filtres pour une machine d'assemblage de filtres
EP1779739A1 (fr) 2005-10-26 2007-05-02 Universelle Engineering U.N.I. GmbH Dispositif d'alimentation de filtres
DE102008020631B3 (de) * 2008-04-24 2009-08-20 Hauni Maschinenbau Ag Verfahren zum Betreiben einer Maschine der Tabak verarbeitenden Industrie sowie entsprechende Maschine
EP2111766A1 (fr) 2008-04-24 2009-10-28 Hauni Maschinbau AG Procédé de fonctionnement d'une machine de l'industrie de traitement du tabac et machine correspondante
CN101564202A (zh) * 2008-04-24 2009-10-28 豪尼机械制造股份公司 用于烟草加工业的机器运行的方法以及相应的机器
ITBO20100587A1 (it) * 2010-09-30 2012-03-31 Gd Spa Apparecchiatura di alimentazione di elementi filtranti in una macchina per la produzione di filtri composti.
EP2687112A3 (fr) * 2012-07-19 2015-09-09 HAUNI Maschinenbau AG Espacement de segments de tiges de filtre
EP2995208A1 (fr) * 2014-09-11 2016-03-16 HAUNI Maschinenbau AG Machine de fixation et procede de fabrication d'un article en forme de tige de l'industrie de traitement du tabac
CN105410991A (zh) * 2014-09-11 2016-03-23 豪尼机械制造股份公司 用于制造烟草加工行业的棒形制品的装配机和方法
CN105410991B (zh) * 2014-09-11 2020-02-28 虹霓机械制造有限公司 用于制造烟草加工行业的棒形制品的装配机和方法
EP2995208B1 (fr) 2014-09-11 2022-06-29 Hauni Maschinenbau GmbH Procede de fabrication d'un article en forme de tige de l'industrie de traitement du tabac

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP1374706A3 (fr) 2004-07-14
US20030234023A1 (en) 2003-12-25
JP2004024245A (ja) 2004-01-29
DE10227933A1 (de) 2004-01-08
CN1468563A (zh) 2004-01-21
ATE371382T1 (de) 2007-09-15
PL360771A1 (en) 2003-12-29
DE50308047D1 (de) 2007-10-11
EP1374706B1 (fr) 2007-08-29
CN100389691C (zh) 2008-05-28

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