EP1373065A1 - Embarcation nautique tractee par une voilure cerf-volant - Google Patents
Embarcation nautique tractee par une voilure cerf-volantInfo
- Publication number
- EP1373065A1 EP1373065A1 EP02720072A EP02720072A EP1373065A1 EP 1373065 A1 EP1373065 A1 EP 1373065A1 EP 02720072 A EP02720072 A EP 02720072A EP 02720072 A EP02720072 A EP 02720072A EP 1373065 A1 EP1373065 A1 EP 1373065A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- boat
- kite
- sheets
- boat according
- directional
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
- B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING
- B63B43/00—Improving safety of vessels, e.g. damage control, not otherwise provided for
- B63B43/02—Improving safety of vessels, e.g. damage control, not otherwise provided for reducing risk of capsizing or sinking
- B63B43/10—Improving safety of vessels, e.g. damage control, not otherwise provided for reducing risk of capsizing or sinking by improving buoyancy
- B63B43/14—Improving safety of vessels, e.g. damage control, not otherwise provided for reducing risk of capsizing or sinking by improving buoyancy using outboard floating members
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
- B63H—MARINE PROPULSION OR STEERING
- B63H9/00—Marine propulsion provided directly by wind power
- B63H9/04—Marine propulsion provided directly by wind power using sails or like wind-catching surfaces
- B63H9/06—Types of sail; Constructional features of sails; Arrangements thereof on vessels
- B63H9/069—Kite-sails for vessels
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a nautical craft, of the type defined in the preamble of claim 1.
- kite as a mode of traction of a boat is known per se, but does not know any particular development because of the often delicate stability of a kite wing, of its low efficiency of propulsion in close gear and maneuvering difficulties when launching and recalling the wing.
- the traction by the force of the wind of a boat is currently very largely achieved by means of a "traditional" rigging in which the sail or sails are articulated by means of masts and ropes.
- the sail is positioned so that its leading edge is disposed approximately tangentially to the direction of the apparent wind in order to transmit a maximum propulsion component to the boat.
- the sail thus inflated by the wind also generates a capsizing component oriented substantially transversely to the boat.
- this capsizing component and the drift reaction component of the buoyancy body of the boat create a tilting torque, causing heeling. This phenomenon explains in particular why it is impossible to increase the sail area to satiety without running the risk of capsizing the boat.
- the object of the invention is to propose a boat of the aforementioned type making it possible to have a very large sail area and limiting the aforementioned drawbacks relating to kite wings.
- the subject of the invention is a boat of the aforementioned type and which has the characteristics of the characterizing part of claim 1.
- Other characteristics of the invention, taken in isolation or in any technically possible combination, are described in claims 2 to 39.
- - Figure 1 is a schematic perspective view of a boat according to the invention
- - Figure 1A is a schematic view of a detail of the sail of the boat of Figure 1;
- FIG. 2 is a partial top view of a kite belonging to the wing of the boat of ia Figure 1;
- - Figure 3 is a sectional view along the plane III-III indicated in Figure 2;
- the .figure 4 is a partial side view of the boat of ia Figure 1, but in a gait of downwind;
- FIG. 5 is a top view of the boat of Figure 1 in substantially the same shape as that of Figure 1;
- FIG. 6 is a sectional view along the plane VI-VI indicated in Figure 5;
- FIG. 7 is a perspective view showing a detail of the rigging shown in Figure 4;
- FIGs 8A and 8B are more detailed views of the element of Figure 7, Figure 8A being a top view and Figure 8B a side view;
- Figure 8C is a view similar to that of Figure 8B, of a variant of the rigging according to the invention.
- Figure 9A is a sectional view of a detail circled IXA in Figure 8
- Figure 9B is a sectional view of another detail circled IXB in Figure 8
- Figure 9C is a sectional view along the IXC-IXC plane shown in Figure 9B;
- FIGS. 10A and 10B are side views similar to Figure 4 each illustrating a step of launching the wing;
- - Figure 11 is a top view of the boat similar to Figure 5 illustrating a working state of the rigging under a gust of close wind;
- Figures 12A, 12B and 12C are top views substantially similar to Figure 5 but more schematically, illustrating three states of decomposition of the movement of the boat when changing its direction;
- Figures 13, 14A, 14B and 14C are views illustrating complementary arrangements of the boat according to the invention of Figure 1, Figure 13 being a view substantially similar to Figure 6, Figures 14A and 14C being side views, and Figure 14B being a sectional view along the • plane XlV-XiV shown in Figure ' 14A;
- - Figure 15 is a rear view of a light dinghy with open hull where the variable masses play an important role for the control of the heel;
- - Figure 16A is a view similar to Figure 5 but of a second embodiment of the invention;
- Figure 16B is a sectional view along the plane XVI-XIV indicated in Figure 16A;
- FIGS. 17A and 17B are schematic sectional views along the axial plane of a part of the wing of the boat of FIG. 16A,
- FIGS. 18A and 18B are views illustrating the application of the second embodiment of the invention to another type of boat, that of multihulls, FIG. 18A being substantially similar to FIG. 16A and FIG. 18B being a sectional view along the plan.XVIIi-XVIII indicated in Figure 18A;
- Figure 19 is a view substantially similar to Figure 16A but of another type of boat;
- FIGS. 20A and 20B are schematic sectional views along the plane of symmetry of a kite belonging to the wing each illustrating a different arrangement of connection of this kite to a boat according to the invention
- FIG. 21 is a perspective view of an alternative arrangement of the airfoil according to the invention.
- FIG. 22 is a perspective view similar to that of Figure 1, which illustrates the operation with an additional sail
- FIG. 23 is a perspective view of the additional sail of Figure 22 when launched by a halyard.
- Figure 24 is a view similar to Figure 4 and illustrates the arrangements according to the invention to connect the additional sail to the boat.
- the pace indicates the angle that. do it heading of the boat in relation to the real wind.
- the pace therefore specifies the position of the boat when we know exactly the wind direction.
- the boat is said to have a crosswind appearance.
- the boat is said to be at close range, comprising successively, as the value of this angle decreases, the small largue look, good full look and close or close look.
- this angle greater than 90 °, the boat is said to be in a bearing gait, comprising successively, as the value of this angle approaches 180 °, the gait gait, the gull gait gait and the downwind allure.
- a nautical boat 1 comprising a buoyancy body 2 having a part emerged above the water and a submerged part, a first fin 4 located in the median plane of the boat , below and substantially mid-length of the flotation body, and a second fin 6 located in the same plane and below the flotation body, but at the aft end of the boat 1.
- Boat 1 in Figure 1 has a rig 8.
- the term "rig" is used in sound. broadest sense, namely in particular the set of masts, yards, sails and maneuvering elements necessary for the propulsion of a sailing ship.
- This rigging 8 comprises a sail 10 made of a deer- main flywheel 12 and an auxiliary kite 14, and a series 15 of wing control sheets 10 comprising a main sheet M, two directional sheets P and Q, and a launch sheet L, these sheets M, P, Q and L connecting wing 10 to boat 1.
- the main kite 12 is a kite similar to a paraglider sail, that is to say a flexible, light sail, with a large surface area and of sufficient finesse. It is easy to fold and store.
- elliptical in shape consists of a plurality of boxes arranged parallel to the minor axis of the ellipse.
- the kite 12 will not be described in detail, since it is, as such, known art. Important features of. paragliding see 12, namely:
- the kite 12 is also connected to the boat at its leading edge 12A by means of the launch sheet L.
- the auxiliary kite 14 also called hereinafter pilot kite, is a kite of the delta wing type, shown in detail in FIGS. 2 and 3.
- This kite 14 comprises a fabric sail 16 of shape substantially triangular, an armature 18 consisting of an axial yard 20 very flexible and a transverse rod 22 disposed perpendicular to the yard 20 and connecting the lateral edges of the wing.
- Two lateral strips 24 are arranged on a part of each lateral edge and fixed to the transverse strip 22.
- the wing also has a central fin 26, for example in the form of a. triangle of fabric with V section arranged substantially perpendicular to the plane of the sail 16.
- this fin 26 is adapted to impose on the wing 14 a certain curvature 14C more marked than that relatively weak that would impose the frame only, thanks to a rigid rod 27 placed at the base of the fin.
- This curvature 14C makes it possible to very significantly increase the traction of the sail 14.
- the auxiliary kite 14 is connected to the leading edge 12A of the main kite 12 through.
- the sheet L the latter being attached to the kite 14 at the level of a fastener 28 which is provided with the fin 26.
- the sheet L comprises, in its part connecting the auxiliary kite 14 and the kite main flywheel 12, a rod 30 oriented substantially parallel to the leading edge 2A of the kite 12 and connected to this edge 12A by two spaced points 31 and 32.
- the rigging 8 of the boat 1 also includes:
- a main mast 40 short and embedded in the structure of boat 1;
- An auxiliary mast 42 located in the extension of the main mast 40;
- the auxiliary mast 42 is mounted for rotation about the axis X-X of the main mast 40 on the upper end of this mast 40, by means of a rotary joint 46, shown diagrammatically in section in FIG. 10.
- the spar 44 has a rear portion 44B which is tiltably mounted around an axis YY substantially perpendicular to the axis XX by means of a fork member not shown in detail and allowing the spar 44 to s 'raise and lower, its free end describing a circle substantially centered on this fork connection, above the water level.
- the spar 44 and the mast 42 are removable.
- the spar 44 being intended to be pulled upwards by the wing 10, a forestay 72 makes it possible to adjust the angular height of the spar relative to the boat 1.
- a front part 44A of the spar 44 to rotate around the axis ZZ of the latter by means of a suitable member 48, by example a rotating joint.
- the rigging 8 comprises a stirrup 49 connected to the boat via.
- two lateral control stays 50 and 52 whose respective locations or "points" of anchoring 50A and 52A are located in the vicinity of the freeboards of the boat.
- anchor points can be provided.
- the points 50A, 52A can be located on the outer sides of the body of the boat (as shown in dotted lines only in Figure 6); fixing protruding extensions on the body of the boat is also conceivable in order to provide the free end of these extensions points 50A, 52A.
- a pulley or a hoist also shown in dotted lines only in FIG. 6, can then be arranged at the free end of the stirrup 49 to facilitate maneuvers on the props 50 and 52.
- the props 50 and 52 are adjustable in length so that by reducing the length of the forestay 50, the spar is pulled to starboard by rotating around the axis XX of the mast, while by reducing the length of the forestay 52, the spar is pulled to port.
- the spar 44 includes all of the guide and mooring points of the different control sheets of the airfoil 10 according to the arrangements illustrated in FIGS. 8A, 8B, 9A, 9B and 9C.
- the spar 44 comprises on the one hand, guide members 54, 54P, 54Q and 54L substantially aligned on a plate 54 oriented transversely to the spar 44 and fixed to the part 44B of the spar, and on the other hand, guide members 56M, 56P and 56Q arranged at the end of the front part 44A of the spar, the members 56P and 56Q being arranged on a plate 56 oriented transversely and fixed to the front part 44A of the spar, at a distance on either side of the ZZ axis.
- the organs 54M and 56M receive the listening M
- the organs 54P and 56P the listening P
- the organ 54L receives the listening L.
- These guiding organs are adapted to facilitate the sliding of the listening Its borrowing and to allow a change of direction of this listening.
- These organs are formed for example of a half-ring embedded solidly on their respective support, as shown in FIGS. 9A, 9B and 9C.
- the spar 44 also includes a second transverse plate 58 integral with the part 44B, substantially similar to the plate 54, but supporting tabs 58M, 58P, 58Q and 58L adapted to block the respective sheets M, P, Q and L.
- the rigging 8 also includes reels 60M, 60P, 60Q and
- the axis 62 is intended to be set in motion by any suitable means. It may for example be an electric motor 66 by means of a non-reversible gear 68, or a crank not shown at the end of the shaft. In this case a ratchet wheel prohibits rotation in the direction of unwinding.
- pulleys can be provided on the Y-Y axis of the spar 44, to return the sheets inside a cabin in which the guides 54, the tabs 58 and. the corresponding reels, fixed on the auxiliary mast 42, are accessible. '
- the rig 8 further comprises other maneuvering organs whose nature and arrangements will appear more clearly on reading its operation which will follow.
- three different types of maneuver will be considered, namely first the launching of the wing 10 illustrated by FIGS. 10A and 10B, then navigation at a close look illustrated by FIG. 11, and finally the change in direction of advance of the boat 1 illustrated by FIGS. 12A, 12B and 12C.
- the self-stability quality of the kite 14 is used to “pilot” the deployment of the main kite 12. In fact, when the upward force of the pilot kite 14 is greater than the weight of the main sail 12, the launch takes place easily.
- the launch sheet L will control the gradual deployment of the sail 12 and its rise altitude.
- the 64P and 64Q brakes are set to a practically zero value on the P and Q sheets (that is, the P and Q sheets are freely unwound from their reel 60P, 60Q), at a low value.
- listening M which allows listening M to unwind while remaining slightly taut, and at a much higher value on the sheet L.
- the launch is then performed by playing only on the brake 64L of the furler 60L, this brake only allowing the deployment of the sail 12 only on condition that the tension of the sheet L reaches a sufficient intensity: the sail 12 then deploys, and gains altitude without any intervention.
- the pilot kite 14 will not only ensure a certain ascending power reinforced by the curvature 14C imposed by the yard 27 embedded in the fin 16 of the wing 14, but also the lateral stability of the wing.
- the rod 30 placed at the leading edge 12A of the main wing 12 makes it possible to activate the central part of this wing 12 from the start of the launch by giving additional upward power.
- the sheet M is set to the stop 58M. Then the other sheets L, P and Q are adjusted and clipped according to the chosen pace, as will be detailed below.
- the kite 12 is then slumped on the deck, by releasing the upper stay 70, to store it in a bag or an individual well not shown at the front of the boat 1. It is thus immediately available for a new launch.
- the rigging according to the invention is adjustable so that the heel is substantially completely eliminated.
- the heeling phenomenon is well known in itself and affects “traditional” sailboats due to the capsizing torque created by, on the one hand, the drift reaction R of the boat, commonly called “force”. anti-drift ”, and on the other hand the capsizing component at the level of the sail.
- the drift reaction R of the boat applies at an application point, called an “anti-drift point” which is not fixed according to the gaits but belongs to an almost narrow application zone. -punctual and noted Pj in the following and in the figures.
- the kite-sailing 12 is positioned by action on the sheets P and Q and by antagonistic action on the sheet L so that, in section along the plane of symmetry of the wing 12, its leading edge 12A is disposed substantially tangentially.
- the direction of the apparent wind A composed of the direction of the real wind R and that of the advancement of boat E, which makes it possible to obtain a maximum traction force T.
- This force T is transmitted to the boat by the different sheets, via the 12D lines.
- Sheet M supports most of this pulling force, but sheets P and Q may have to bear a variable part depending on the gaits and during maneuvers.
- the sail 12 defines a traction result T whose axis UU is - positioned relative to the boat 1 so as to pass substantially through the aforementioned point Pi, substantially canceling the list.
- this axis UU extends from the kite sail 12 to under the boat passing substantially through Pj, the resulting from traction T not generating a capsizing torque with the hydrodynamic reaction R of the boat 1.
- the - length of the spar 44 is sufficient to allow such positioning of the axis UU relative to at point Pi, the guide member 56M of the main sheet M being located outside the right-of-way of the boat at close and crosswinds, the right-of-way of the boat being defined as the outline maximum projection of the buoyancy 2 on the surface of the water.
- the rigging according to the invention makes it possible to position the axis UU of the traction result T so as to again substantially remove the heel again.
- the kite 12 forms, for example, an angle of 40 to 75 ° with the horizon for a bearing pace , and an angle of 20 to 40 ° for a close look
- adjusting the grenadier 44 in height and / or in position relative to the longitudinal axis of the boat makes it possible to achieve the positioning of the axis UU desired.
- This adjustment is carried out by means of the lateral stays 50 or 52 and the lower stay 72.
- the anchor point 72A can alternatively be movable along a curved roller bar extending transversely above the deck of the boat, shown in dotted lines only in FIG. 5. The displacement of the point 72A along of this bar thus makes it possible to reduce the stresses and to obtain a more precise value of the heel without modifying the length adjustment of the forestay 72.
- anchor points 50A and 52A can be placed so that, in a closer gait, to raise the wind, the forestay 72 no longer supports any traction. This makes it possible to make a change of * headwind edge provided that there is an additional forestay 73 (shown molli in FIG. 11) which has an anchoring point 73B located behind the point Pi in the axis of the boat, and which is activated during the change of edge.
- the rigging 8 should be maneuvered as follows, as shown in FIGS. 12A, 12B and 12C, FIG. 12A representing the boat 1 downwind. It should still be noted that the figures illustrate more a kinematic decomposition of the maneuver, rather than a chronological decomposition.
- the adjustment of the lateral stays 50 and 52 induces a rotation of the spar 44 around the mast 40 and consequently the corresponding change of course for boat 1 (figure 12B). Via the caliper 49, the spar 44 is rotated on itself.
- this rotation is to stabilize the lateral displacement of the kite 12 by accompanying the rotation of the spar, for example, about 70 to 80 ° in the clockwise direction for the port spar running close and vice versa. so that the plate 56 passing bodies' 56P and 56Q remains substantially parallel to the major axis of the web 12.
- the differential adjustment of the sheets P and Q modifies the direction of the axis UU of traction of the kite sail by causing a rotation of the kite 12 around UU and therefore a lateral displacement relative to the wind. apparent, which induces an additional change of course (Figure 12C).
- a rudder-type member becomes useless insofar as, the length of the spar 44 being sufficient, the resultant of traction T exerted by the kite sail 12 and the drift reaction R of the boat impose the direction taken, as can be seen in Figure 5.
- the boat has a rudder, the height adjustment of the grenadier being provided by the forestay 72, it is possible to remove the lateral stays 50 and 52.
- the boat's route is ensured by the rudder and the lateral position of the grenadier by the traction of the wing 10. The list can be totally canceled.
- the propulsion efficiency is optimized, depending on the wind speed, by acting on both the P and Q sheets, and on the L sheet.
- the traction of the voue 12 is increased in a very significant proportion; the height of the sail above the horizon decreases until the “stall” occurs, and the sail would fall into the water if it were not supported by the auxiliary kite 14.
- Listening L is an antagonist of sheets P and Q: a progressive pull on this sheet decreases the pull of the sail 12 and, at least initially, increases the height of the sail above the horizon, until the moment when the traction on the M sheet is canceled completely. This listening L is therefore useful for limiting traction in strong winds and in the procedure for recalling the main sail 12.
- the airfoil 12 In cruising mode, the airfoil 12 is stable without the coxswain's intervention, both in height and in position. lateral to the apparent wind, through the passage members of the different sheets on the spar 44, these organs . being arranged so that a deviation from equilibrium automatically brings the sail back to its point of equilibrium.
- the sheets P and 0 become taut (compared to the sheet M) while the sheet L relaxes, these two effects bringing the sail 12 back to its primitive altitude (and vice versa).
- the sheet Q tightens while the sheet P relaxes, these two effects bringing the sail back to its initial position.
- the boat according to the invention also has additional advantages.
- a first advantage lies in the lightening of the boat obtained by the wing 10.
- the combination of the components of forces T and R leads to generating a lightening force S, acting in the same direction as the Archimedes thrust noted V on the diagram of distribution of forces of figure 6.
- This lightening S supplemented by structural lightening of the boat according to the invention since anti-capsizing organs, like by example the keel ballast, become useless, offers a significant weight gain and therefore makes it possible to reach high speeds.
- the central fin can be advantageously replaced by two lateral fins, making it possible to reduce the depth underwater of the point Pj.
- the speed reached by a boat according to the invention and advantageously combined with one of the arrangements described above is very high.
- the risks of deterioration in the rigging are limited. Indeed, the forces collected by the boat remain concentrated in a restricted area located in the center of the boat, which allows it to be sized accordingly.
- the anchoring locations 50A and 52A, as well as the plate 58 of the cleats, must be able to withstand significant tensile forces.
- the central fin 4 undergoes forces of the same order of magnitude.
- the rest of the rigging is not subjected to significant efforts: the auxiliary mast 42, not guyed, undergoes only limited efforts due to the sheet L, and the spar 44, of limited length (from 2 to 5 meters approximately), works in flexion as a function of the anchoring locations of the lateral stays 50 and 52 and of the lower stay 72.
- the attachment points of the lateral stays 50- and 52, as well as of the lower stay 72 are located at the end of the spar 44, as shown in detail in the variant of FIG. 8C. More precisely for this variant, the attachment end of the forestay 72 is fixed to the current part of the stirrup 49, and the stirrup 49 is fixed to the front end of the front part 44A of the spar 44, the main sheet M then passing inside the branches of the stirrup 49. The spar 44 then undergoes practically only longitudinal stresses, along its axis ZZ.
- the entire tensile force T of the airfoil 10 can be exactly measured by a force gauge placed on the plate 58 of the cleats.
- At the time of launch it is possible to check whether the traction on the sheet L is sufficient to raise the main sail.
- an alarm may indicate that the traction on the sheet M has dropped below a given threshold, a second threshold giving the order to recall the sail 12.
- This sailboat is a light craft where the movement of the crew, more generally that of variable masses, plays an important role on the list, and for which the rigging according to the invention is not intended to completely cancel the list, but to lower it to a chosen threshold, the final correction of the list being ensured by the position and the maneuvers of the crew, in particular at close range.
- the boat 300 comprises, in addition to the elements common with the boat 1 in FIG. 4 which bear the same references, a buoyancy body 302 with an open hull, provided with a fin 344. It also comprises a rigging 306 comprising a wing 10 not shown. This rigging 306 is substantially similar to that of boat 1 in FIG. 4 with the following differences.
- the main mast 40 is reduced in height to a few tens of centimeters.
- the adjustment of props 50, 52 and 72 makes it possible to lower the heel to a desired threshold. Indeed, such. as shown in FIG. 15, the resulting traction T exerted by the airfoil does not pass through the point P ,, but a little above it.
- the combination of lightening S and the buoyancy of Archimedes V is opposite in direction and in value to the weight of the crew and the sailboat (whose center of gravity G has been indicated); the resulting combination of forces makes it possible to obtain substantially zero heeling.
- any boat can be fitted with a rig close to rig 8, including the smallest and most unstable.
- a rig close to rig 8 including the smallest and most unstable.
- larger units are likely to receive this rigging, such as offshore cruisers, multihulls, motor launches, this list not being exhaustive.
- this rigging it is finally possible to keep this rigging in the hold in order to serve as an emergency wing in the event of an engine failure or dismantling, or more simply during a cruise with the engine.
- FIGS. 16A and 16B a boat 600 of the aforementioned type and according to the invention has a rigging 608 substantially different from those already described so far, with the exception of its wing 10, moreover not shown in these figures, comprising a kite sail main 12 and possibly a pilot kite 14,
- the boat 600 comprises a buoyancy body 602 provided with two daggerboards 604 and 606 substantially similar to the daggerboards 4 and 6 of the boat of FIG. 4.
- the end connected to the boat of the sheet M of the rigging 608 comprises three traction strands:
- the guide members 656G and 656H are arranged at the outer ends of the respective support arms 612G and 612H, connected to the body 602, supported by 614 cylinders and fitted with optional 610G and 61 OH small floats.
- the strands F, G and H are connected at the level of a competition area 616 from which the sheet M retains its mono-fiié form until the lines of the sail 12.
- the directional sheets P and Q are arranged so that they pass by sliding through this competition area 616.
- the guide members 56P and 56Q of the sheets P and Q are positioned substantially on the deck of the boat, on either side of the median plane of the boat .
- Rigging 608 comprises a reel 660F for the strand F, as well as reels 660P and 660Q with a function similar to those of the reels 60P and 60Q of the rigging 8 of FIGS. 8A and 8B.
- boat 660 is substantially identical to that of the boat in Figure 4, as described below.
- the rigging 608 includes arrangements substantially similar to those of the rigging of FIGS. 8A and 8B adapted to launch and recall the wing 10, in particular by means of the launching sheet L.
- an auxiliary mast 642 can be installed in the anchoring zone of the sheet L to facilitate launching and recalling the wing.
- the tensile force exerted by the airfoil 10 develops mainly on one of the three strands F, G or H.
- the strand F supports most of this force, while that when looking closely, the strand G or the strand H mainly supports it, the strand G being stretched and the strand H softened for a cross wind oriented towards port side for example (case of FIG. 16B).
- the U-U axis of traction resultant T thus generated participates in a balance of forces substantially similar to that described in Figures 4 to 6, this U-U axis passing substantially through P ,.
- the gite is canceled.
- the jacks 614 are used in port to raise the support arms 612G and 612H vertically and / or to perfect the heel threshold desired by a slight offset from the axis UU of the traction result.
- 17A and 17B detail certain lines 12D of the sail 12, referenced 12D1, 12D2, 12D3 and 12D4 and contained in the plane of symmetry of this sail; under close gait (apparent wind denoted A), the device 618 allows the preferred traction of the lines 12D1 and 12D4 by the strand G or the strand H thus reducing the curvature 12C, while under bearing gait, this device allows the traction of the lines 12D2 and 12D3 by the strand F then increasing the curvature of the sail 12.
- Another advantage of this embodiment lies in the possibility of controlling the variation in the lateral displacement of the sail 12.
- the sail 12 when the traction is exerted essentially by the strand G or the strand H, the sail 12 must be tilted towards the front of the boat, that is to say either to the right or to the left of the wind bed. depending on the listening used.
- the rigging 608 can therefore comprise a member for controlling the lateral movement of the sail 12 controlled by the variation in traction progressively increasing for the strand G or the strand H while this traction decreases for the strand F.
- FIGS. 18A and 18B is shown a first example concerning the field of multihulls.
- the 708 rigging of a catamaran 700 is fitted out according to the invention.
- Guide members 756G and 756H are positioned on extensions 758G and 758H on either side of the beams catamaran link, these extensions can be dismantled or reassembled at the port.
- the 708 rig includes a 742 launch mast.
- FIG. 19 is shown very schematically a motor boat 800.
- a motor boat 800 On such a boat, when performance is not sought but above all the pleasure of walking in favorable wind, it is advisable to place guide members 656G and 656H on fairly short support arms 858G and 858H, slightly above the waterline.
- guide members 656G and 656H on fairly short support arms 858G and 858H, slightly above the waterline.
- P and Q sheets provision should also be made for P and Q sheets, provided that the boat has two effective 802 side fins. These daggerboards can advantageously be retractable so that they are removed when the boat 800- operates by motor.
- FIGS. 20A and 20B are detailed, for the airfoil, a possible arrangement of the launching sheet L on the sheet M, different from that of FIG. 1A.
- FIGS. 20A and 20B are detailed, for the airfoil, a possible arrangement of the launching sheet L on the sheet M, different from that of FIG. 1A.
- the sheet L is connected to the leading edge 12A of the sail 12 thus doubling the first row 12E of lines 12D, but also to the second row 12F of lines 12D by means of a 12G link from so that an action in tension on the sheet L modifies both the inclination of the leading edge 12A relative to the wind, and the curvature 12C of the sail 12.
- a variant not shown consists in replacing the main listening M by two listening M1 and M2 ensuring the same functions as listening M but also allowing to cooperate with the " directional listening P and Q insofar as each listening M1, M2 uses lines 12D from the left half, respectively from the right half, of the main sail 12.
- kites of this type of very large area. As the main listening M is not very used during the launch, always carried out by means of the listening L, the curvature and the seat of each kite of this type can be defined for a given pace. Because of its significant drag, this type of kite is not the most suitable for a close-hauled look.
- kites such as delta wings and its like derivatives, CODY kites and semi-rigid kites, can also be used as the main kite 12. Their relatively small unit area can lead to provide trains of kites to obtain large areas. In this case, the launch is very simplified and does not require a pilot kite or an auxiliary mast.
- This launching sheet is fixed in the front part of the kite (s) in order to ensure low traction, good upward force and good stability during the launching and the recall of the wing (like the sheet J which will be detailed further).
- the pilot kite 14 may consist of one or more kites of different types.
- the head kite is preferably a structured, easy-to-launch kite. In order to ensure sufficient upward force, it is adapted to the wind speed at the time of launch.
- the pilot kite 14 still in the wind bed, can hinder the positioning of the main sail 12 at close range.
- the pilot kite 14 is provided with an additional listening device J (shown in dotted lines in FIGS. 10A and 10B) directly connected to the boat and placed on the kite 14 so that its traction is almost neutralized as soon as the additional sheet J is under tension. It is enough to shorten this listening J to separate the pilot kite from the main kite. One can also proceed, by means of this listening J, to its pure and simple recall.
- Another solution consists in providing the pilot kite 14 with two directional sheets S1 and S2 ensuring substantially the same functions as the sheets P and Q. These sheets S1 and S2 can thus be used in conjunction with the sheets P and Q to modify the position of the sails compared to the wind bed. However, these sheets S1 and S2 can also replace sheets P and Q to exclusively ensure the position of the airfoil relative to the wind bed, as shown in FIG. 21.
- the additional sail 12 includes a launch sheet LN, connected to the leading edge of the wall 12. LN thus plays the same role as the sheet L for the main wall 12. This solution , shown in Figures 23 and 24, is more suitable for racing or variable winds.
- these additional sails 90 will have only one main sheet N and will be “guided” by the main sail 12 of the airfoil. They may have control bends of the curvature. These sheets and the halyard D are wound on reels placed on an independent axis 96 and removable to be stored with the sail. In order to reduce the stresses, these reels, as well as the guides and the tabs for the sheets of the additional sail 90 are fixed to the auxiliary mast 42, as shown in FIG. 24. When the additional sail is of the spinnaker type, of use excluded at close range, the furlers, guides and cleats of the additional sail can be placed directly on the deck, in front of the mast.
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Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR0104293 | 2001-03-29 | ||
FR0104293A FR2822802B1 (fr) | 2001-03-29 | 2001-03-29 | Embarcation nautique tractee par une voilure cerf-volant |
PCT/FR2002/001017 WO2002079030A1 (fr) | 2001-03-29 | 2002-03-22 | Embarcation nautique tractee par une voilure cerf-volant |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP1373065A1 true EP1373065A1 (fr) | 2004-01-02 |
EP1373065B1 EP1373065B1 (fr) | 2006-07-26 |
Family
ID=8861720
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP02720072A Expired - Lifetime EP1373065B1 (fr) | 2001-03-29 | 2002-03-22 | Embarcation nautique tractee par une voilure cerf-volant |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US6918346B2 (fr) |
EP (1) | EP1373065B1 (fr) |
AT (1) | ATE334041T1 (fr) |
DE (1) | DE60213385D1 (fr) |
FR (1) | FR2822802B1 (fr) |
WO (1) | WO2002079030A1 (fr) |
Families Citing this family (34)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
KR200336385Y1 (ko) * | 2003-07-18 | 2003-12-24 | 서성준 | 보드 카이팅을 위한 착석 보드 |
DE202004013841U1 (de) * | 2004-09-06 | 2006-01-19 | Skysails Gmbh & Co. Kg | Wasserfahrzeug mit einem drachenartigen Element |
DE102004018814A1 (de) * | 2004-04-19 | 2005-11-03 | Skysails Gmbh | Setzsystem für ein ausfliegendes drachenartiges Windangriffselement bei einem Wasserfahrzeug mit Windantrieb |
US7866271B2 (en) | 2004-04-19 | 2011-01-11 | Skysails Gmbh & Co. Kg | Placement system for a flying kite-type wind-attacked element in a wind-powered watercraft |
DE102004018837A1 (de) | 2004-04-19 | 2005-11-03 | Skysails Gmbh | Wasserfahrzeug mit einem frei ausfliegenden drachenartigen Windangriffselement als Windantrieb |
DE102004018838A1 (de) * | 2004-04-19 | 2005-11-03 | Skysails Gmbh | Positionierungsvorrichtung für ein frei ausfliegendes drachenartiges Windangriffselement bei einem Wasserfahrzeug mit Windantrieb |
US20060037521A1 (en) * | 2004-08-23 | 2006-02-23 | David Jamison | Conversion arrangement for kayak |
US8056490B2 (en) * | 2004-09-06 | 2011-11-15 | Skysails GmbH Co. KG | Watercraft having a kite-like element |
DE202004013840U1 (de) * | 2004-09-06 | 2006-01-19 | Skysails Gmbh & Co. Kg | Wasserfahrzeug mit einem drachenartigen Element |
US7971545B2 (en) | 2004-09-06 | 2011-07-05 | Skysails Gmbh & Co. Kg | Watercraft having a kite-like element |
WO2007050048A1 (fr) * | 2005-10-24 | 2007-05-03 | Jamison David S | Dispositif de conversion pour kayak |
FR2902076A1 (fr) * | 2006-06-09 | 2007-12-14 | Guillaume Pignol | Catamaran planeur pour des croisieres courtes (sans roof) et longues (avec roof) peur etre assemble/desassemble et transportable sur une voiture ou remorque |
FR2918345B1 (fr) * | 2007-07-06 | 2009-09-11 | Jean Yves Salaun | Embarcation a timon tractee par une aide volante. |
EA015310B1 (ru) * | 2007-08-24 | 2011-06-30 | Скайсейлз Гмбх Унд Ко. Кг | Аэродинамический ветровой движитель и способ управления движителем |
FR2923799A1 (fr) * | 2007-11-19 | 2009-05-22 | Vincent Leblond | Dispositif de commandes d'une aile de traction. |
CN101327840A (zh) * | 2008-07-04 | 2008-12-24 | 冯光根 | 风筝船 |
FR2940783B1 (fr) * | 2009-01-05 | 2012-02-24 | Herve Bailly | Dispositif de greement basculant utilisant un cerf-volant stable et amure |
GB0900397D0 (en) * | 2009-01-12 | 2009-02-11 | Eco Hydrogen Ltd | Energy generation and storage |
FR2941436B1 (fr) * | 2009-01-26 | 2011-01-28 | Maurice Grenier | Embarcation nautique tractee par au moins une voile aerienne. |
WO2011076270A1 (fr) | 2009-12-22 | 2011-06-30 | Philippe Dubois | Mécanismes de commande de stabilisation et d'orientation pour ailes ou voiles de traction comprenant une aile |
DE102010028216A1 (de) * | 2010-04-26 | 2011-10-27 | Stephan Schroeder | Halte- und Steuervorrichtung für einen Lenkdrachen |
FR2978106B1 (fr) * | 2011-07-18 | 2013-08-02 | Frederic Jacques Michel Brouzes | Voilure amovible |
FR2978420B1 (fr) * | 2011-07-29 | 2015-03-06 | Ocea | Engin flottant rapide a propulsion eolienne |
WO2013164446A1 (fr) | 2012-05-03 | 2013-11-07 | Skysails Gmbh | Ensemble mât et procédé de lancement et d'atterrissage d'une aile aérodynamique |
FR2993238A1 (fr) * | 2012-07-10 | 2014-01-17 | Nicolas Desprez | Structure navigante a traction par aile et montee sur foils |
GB2508660B (en) * | 2012-12-10 | 2014-12-24 | Bruce Nicholas Martin | A control arrangement for a wind powered vehicle |
ITTO20130481A1 (it) * | 2013-06-12 | 2013-09-11 | Kite Gen Res Srl | Ala a funzionamento bimodale. |
ITUA20164491A1 (it) * | 2016-05-30 | 2017-11-30 | Riccardo Agostini | Dispositivo per comandare un aquilone, o kite, ed i timoni di un’imbarcazione multi scafo |
FR3082185B1 (fr) * | 2018-06-11 | 2020-10-02 | Airseas | Systeme de traction comprenant au moins deux voiles captives avec un mat pourvu de moyens d'accostage distincts dedies chacun a une voile |
FR3082184B1 (fr) * | 2018-06-11 | 2020-07-03 | Airseas | Systeme comprenant une voile captive et un poste fixe avec des moyens de pliage de la voile au poste fixe |
FR3086352B1 (fr) * | 2018-09-20 | 2020-09-11 | Eolink | Eolienne flottante a position en lacet pilotable |
GB2599426A (en) * | 2020-10-01 | 2022-04-06 | Ian Mcgarley James | Load convergence system for tethered aerofoil wind propulsion |
US20220388612A1 (en) * | 2021-06-04 | 2022-12-08 | Farid Jalala | Boat stabilizer with controllable parasail |
FR3127469A1 (fr) * | 2021-09-28 | 2023-03-31 | Ocea | Dispositif de retenue d’un cerf-volant. |
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DE2036147A1 (de) * | 1969-07-23 | 1971-02-04 | Kunz, Rudiger, Wien | Segeleinrichtung |
US4497272A (en) * | 1982-06-01 | 1985-02-05 | Veazey Sidney E | Mastless sails |
DE3518131A1 (de) * | 1985-05-21 | 1986-11-27 | Dieko 8720 Schweinfurt Bruins | Fahrzeugantrieb mit schwebesegel |
GB8624460D0 (en) * | 1986-10-13 | 1986-11-19 | Hamel R | Sailing system |
DE8702480U1 (de) * | 1987-02-18 | 1988-06-16 | Bley, Johannes, 4800 Bielefeld | Segelfahrzeug |
FR2627449B1 (fr) * | 1988-02-23 | 1992-04-17 | Girard Marc | Voilier muni d'un dispositif de sustentation et anti-gite |
FR2639605B1 (fr) * | 1988-11-28 | 1991-03-29 | Durand Gilles | Aile volante souple munie de cables tracteurs destinee notamment a tirer un bateau |
US5355817A (en) * | 1993-09-29 | 1994-10-18 | Schrems James M | Sail boat |
FR2740427B1 (fr) * | 1995-10-26 | 1998-01-02 | Chatelain Pierre Jean Luc | Navire tracte par cerf-volant via un bras articule |
US5642683A (en) * | 1996-04-26 | 1997-07-01 | Bedford; Norman | Parachute-type sail for boats |
DE19928166A1 (de) * | 1999-06-19 | 2000-02-10 | Johannes Schwanitz | Durch Lenkdrachen angetriebenes Wasserfahrzeug |
-
2001
- 2001-03-29 FR FR0104293A patent/FR2822802B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2002
- 2002-03-22 US US10/472,891 patent/US6918346B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2002-03-22 DE DE60213385T patent/DE60213385D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2002-03-22 AT AT02720072T patent/ATE334041T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2002-03-22 WO PCT/FR2002/001017 patent/WO2002079030A1/fr active IP Right Grant
- 2002-03-22 EP EP02720072A patent/EP1373065B1/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
See references of WO02079030A1 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
WO2002079030A1 (fr) | 2002-10-10 |
EP1373065B1 (fr) | 2006-07-26 |
ATE334041T1 (de) | 2006-08-15 |
DE60213385D1 (de) | 2006-09-07 |
FR2822802A1 (fr) | 2002-10-04 |
FR2822802B1 (fr) | 2004-05-14 |
US20040099196A1 (en) | 2004-05-27 |
US6918346B2 (en) | 2005-07-19 |
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