EP1370807B1 - Gas pipe ignitor - Google Patents

Gas pipe ignitor Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1370807B1
EP1370807B1 EP02706205A EP02706205A EP1370807B1 EP 1370807 B1 EP1370807 B1 EP 1370807B1 EP 02706205 A EP02706205 A EP 02706205A EP 02706205 A EP02706205 A EP 02706205A EP 1370807 B1 EP1370807 B1 EP 1370807B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
supply conduit
fuel
air
air supply
branch passage
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP02706205A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP1370807A1 (en
Inventor
Carl D. Edberg
Raymond D. Macwhinnie
David J. Matteson
Raymond W. Cournoyer
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
GE Vernova GmbH
Original Assignee
Alstom Technology AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Alstom Technology AG filed Critical Alstom Technology AG
Publication of EP1370807A1 publication Critical patent/EP1370807A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1370807B1 publication Critical patent/EP1370807B1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23Q—IGNITION; EXTINGUISHING-DEVICES
    • F23Q9/00—Pilot flame igniters
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D14/00—Burners for combustion of a gas, e.g. of a gas stored under pressure as a liquid
    • F23D14/20—Non-premix gas burners, i.e. in which gaseous fuel is mixed with combustion air on arrival at the combustion zone
    • F23D14/22—Non-premix gas burners, i.e. in which gaseous fuel is mixed with combustion air on arrival at the combustion zone with separate air and gas feed ducts, e.g. with ducts running parallel or crossing each other
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D14/00—Burners for combustion of a gas, e.g. of a gas stored under pressure as a liquid
    • F23D14/26—Burners for combustion of a gas, e.g. of a gas stored under pressure as a liquid with provision for a retention flame
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D14/00—Burners for combustion of a gas, e.g. of a gas stored under pressure as a liquid
    • F23D14/46—Details
    • F23D14/70—Baffles or like flow-disturbing devices
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D2207/00—Ignition devices associated with burner
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D2900/00—Special features of, or arrangements for burners using fluid fuels or solid fuels suspended in a carrier gas
    • F23D2900/00014—Pilot burners specially adapted for ignition of main burners in furnaces or gas turbines

Definitions

  • Gas pipe ignitors are used in industrial and utility scale boilers to bring the boiler temperature up before introducing the main fuel and also to light the main fuel once it is introduced. Additional uses include operation during periods of high demand to increase the heat rate of the boiler.
  • One known configuration of the gas pipe ignitor uses a stabilized pilot flame to ignite and stabilize a larger, non-premixed diffusion primary flame at the flame end of the ignitor. Combustion air for the pilot flame is supplied through the ignitor, while combustion air for the primary flame is scavenged from the boiler environment.
  • High capacity gas ignitors may conventionally use two separate fuel pipes for the delivery of gas. One pipe is used for the pilot gas and primary gas, while the other is used for boost gas.
  • the pilot/primary gas pipe contains a number of small weep holes, positioned near a spark discharge for ignition.
  • This pipe has an orifice mounted in the discharge end that is used to create the pressure differential necessary to force gas out of the weep holes while still allowing the primary gas jet to be discharged from the end.
  • the boost fuel pipe is activated. In that case, the boost fuel pipe discharges fuel at the same location as the end of the pilot/primary gas pipe.
  • Both of the pipes are located inside of the air supply pipe which carries combustion air for the pilot flame. Additionally, a spark rod used for ignition and a separate flame detector rod are mounted inside of the air supply pipe.
  • the limit on the firing capacity of the ignitor depends on a number of key variables.
  • the heat input from the bluff body stabilized pilot flame dictates the left-off and blow-off characteristics of the main jets.
  • the size of the pilot flame is dependent on how much combustion air can be supplied through the ignitor as well as on the size and geometry of the recirculation zone.
  • the outlet diameters of the main jets determine the exiting velocity of the gas for a given flow rate.
  • JP 08135967 A discloses a gas pipe ignitor 1 comprising an air supply conduit 7 having an axis, a supply end 17 and a flame end 37 axially spaced from the supply end; a fuel supply conduit 9 extending axially inside the air supply conduit 7, the fuel supply conduit 9 having an entrance end 15 and an exit end 33; a plurality of branch passages 23 having respective entrance and exit ends spaced from each other, the entrance ends of the branch passages 23 being in communication with the fuel supply conduit 9; a deflector body 9a, 25 disposed in the air supply conduit 7, the entrance end 15 of the fuel supply conduit 9 being disposed axially upstream of the most upstream surface 25 of the deflector body 9a, 25 and the exit end 33 of the fuel supply conduit 9 being disposed downstream relative to the most upstream surface 25 of the deflector body 9a, 25; and an ignition element 39.
  • EP 0479174 A discloses a combustion head for a gas burner, which comprises an inner tubular duct and an outer tube-shaped body, which are co-axial with each other, outlet distributors for the air-gas combustion mixture or gas alone, an intermediate tubular body placed in the air space formed between the inner tubular duct and the external tube-shaped body, at least one flame igniting element and is characterized in that the distributors 51,31,21 letting out of the inner tubular duct the air-gas combustion mixture or the gas alone, are annular air spaces, which are perpendicular with the axis of the inner tubular duct 6, where said air spaces are formed by rings 35,36,32 and/pr discs 23, which are co-axial with each other and are connected with each other and are connected with each other by spacers 33,24 and/or by at least one stub pipe 40.
  • DE 19927013 A discloses an air supply 8 that opens axially to a burner chamber 1 and is at least partly surrounded by a similarly arranged gas supply 12, the gas supply opens into separated exit openings 6 around its end face into the burner chamber, a barrier arranged above the opening of the air supply deflects air radially, and a further gas supply may also be provided, surrounding the air supply.
  • An object of the present invention is to provide a gas pipe ignitor having a high firing capacity with reduced frictional flow losses.
  • the gas pipe ignitor has a single fuel pipe running through the air supply pipe with the single fuel pipe providing fuel for the pilot flame and for the primary ignitor combustion fuel.
  • a truncated spherical bluff body located in the air supply pipe reduces the flow entrance losses and maintains the necessary downstream turbulence and recirculation zone.
  • the bluff body has a central opening for the fuel pipe and is orificed to provide the desired ratio of pilot gas to primary gas. Integral pilot fuel ports are circumferentially located around the orifice to provide the pilot gas to the truncated face of the bluff body where the pilot gas is evenly distributed by a diffuser ring.
  • An ignition element passes through the bluff body.
  • one embodiment of the gas pipe ignitor of the present invention is adapted to be mounted on a structural element of a fossil fuel firing combustion assembly such as, for example, on a structural element 12 of a pulverized coal firing furnace 14, which may be, for example, a structural element in the form of a corner windbox, as seen in particular in Figure 3.
  • the gas pipe ignitor 10 is also operable to ignite a fuel such as oil or another liquid fuel or provide auxiliary or special combustion or heating service to the fossil fuel firing combustion assembly.
  • the gas pipe ignitor 10 can be operated, for example, to warm up the combustion chamber of the pulverized coal firing furnace 14 during a start up operation thereof at a stage of the start up operation prior to the combustion of pulverized coal introduced into the combustion chamber by the pulverized coal compartments 16 mounted in the windboxes 18 of the pulverized coal firing furnace 14.
  • the gas pipe ignitor 10 can be operated to light the main fuel such as, for example, the pulverized coal in a pulverized coal firing combustion assembly.
  • the gas pipe ignitor 10 is operable to ignite a non-premixed air and gaseous fuel mixture and includes an air supply conduit 20 which has an axis ASL, a supply end 22, and a flame end 24 axially spaced from the supply end 22.
  • the gas pipe ignitor also includes a fuel supply conduit 26 extending axially interiorly within at least a portion of the air supply conduit 20 and having an entrance end 28 and an exit end 30.
  • the gas pipe ignitor further includes, as best seen in Figure 2, at least one branch passage; for illustration purposes, the gas pipe ignitor is shown with two branch passages 32. Each branch passage 32 has an entrance end 34 and an exit end 36 spaced from the entrance end 34.
  • each branch passage 32 is communicated with the fuel supply conduit 26.
  • the gas pipe ignitor also includes a deflector body 38 disposed in the air supply conduit 20 and is configured relative to the air supply conduit 20 such that air flowing in the air supply conduit 20 flows along a pass through passage PTP from upstream of the upstream most surface 40 of the deflector body 38 to downstream of the deflector body 38.
  • the entrance end 28 of the fuel supply conduit 26 is disposed axially upstream of the upstream most surface 40 of the deflector body 38.
  • the exit end 30 of the fuel supply conduit 26 is disposed relative to the deflector body 38 and the air supply conduit 20 at a location FSE downstream of the upstream most surface 40 of the deflector body such that fuel flowing in the fuel supply conduit 26 from its entrance end 28 to its exit end 30 is isolated from contact with air in the air supply conduit 20 until exiting the exit end 30 of the fuel supply conduit 26.
  • the exit end 36 of each branch passage 32 is disposed relative to the deflector body 38 such that fuel exiting the respective branch passage 32 through its exit end 36 is in contact with air in the air supply conduit 20 which has passed downstream of the upstream most surface 40 of the deflector body 38 along the pass through passage PTP.
  • the exit end 36 of each branch passage 32 is radially spaced from the exit end 30 of the fuel supply conduit 26.
  • the gas pipe ignitor also includes an ignition element 42, as seen in Figure 2, for promoting the ignition of the fuel which has exited the branch passages 32. This ignition element 42 can also be used to flame presents.
  • the exit end 30 of the fuel supply conduit 26, as seen in Figure 2, is axially spaced downstream of the exit ends 36 of the branch passages 32 by a distance ESP.
  • Figures 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, and 9 illustrate the gas pipe ignitor of the present invention which includes the features of a truncated spherical bluff body and centrally located integral fuel supply pipe inside of an air supply pipe or conduit to provide a pilot fuel well mixed with air in a controlled zone in which combustion is initiated and sustained.
  • the same centrally located fuel supply pipe also serves as the conduit for the primary ignitor fuel.
  • FIGs 8 and 9 which illustrate a side view and a bottom view of the ignitor 110 respectively, there is an air supply pipe or conduit 112 having an axis ASL and having a supply end 114 and a flame end 116.
  • Adjacent the closed supply end 114 is an air supply attachment or nipple 112 through which air is introduced into the air supply conduit 112.
  • a fuel supply conduit in the form of a single fuel supply pipe 120 enters the air supply conduit 112 at this closed supply end 114 and is attached to a deflector body in the form of a truncated spherical bluff body 122 at a central opening 124 of the bluff body 122.
  • the fuel supply pipe 120 is attached into the recessed portion 126 of the central opening 124.
  • the central opening 124 extends completely through the bluff body 122.
  • the bluff body 122 is spherical or essentially spherical with a truncated downstream face 128.
  • the spherical shape minimizes air flow friction losses while providing a compact shape.
  • the location for the plane of the truncated face 128 is in the range beginning at the center of the sphere to a point from the center that is not greater than 35% of the spherical diameter. This range is based on providing the greatest downstream turbulence and recirculation zone length with the at least frictional losses.
  • the preferred location of the truncated plane is about 20% of the diameter of the sphere away from the center in the downstream direction.
  • the bluff body 122 is supported in the air supply conduit 112 by means of the support vanes 130 mounted in the slots 132 in the bluff body such that the diametral axis of the bluff body on which its central opening 124 is centered is coaxial with the axis ASL of the air supply conduit 112.
  • the diameter of the bluff body 120 is selected to be in proportion to the inside diameter of the air supply conduit 112 to provide the appropriate downstream turbulence. As an example, for a 76.2 mm (3 inch) schedule 40 air supply conduit which has an inside diameter of 77.927 mm (3.068 inches), the preferred bluff body diameter is in the range of 75 to 90% (seventy-five to ninety percent) of that inside diameter.
  • the central opening 124 of the bluff body 120 is communicated in the bluff body with an orifice 134 integrally formed in the bluff body 122 which is sized to provide a desired ratio of pilot fuel to primary fuel.
  • Integral pilot fuel ports 136 are circumferentially spaced at the orifice shoulder. The number of pilot fuel ports 136 is elected to be appropriate for the total fuel flow with three being illustrated in the drawings. These pilot fuel ports pass through the bluff body to the truncated face 128 at a diverging angle to the axis of the fuel pipe and to the central opening such that the pilot fuel ports exit at the truncated face outside of the fuel supply pipe extension 138.
  • the size of the orifice 134 establishes a differential pressure ratio between the upstream and downstream sides of the bluff body such that correctly proportioned fuel flow between the pilot ports and the main fuel discharge will occur.
  • the inside throat of the bluff body is tapered at 140 from the minimum diameter orifice 134 to the inside diameter of the fuel supply pipe extension 138 to allow the fuel flow to expand back to the full area of the inside of the air supply conduit 112. This achieves a lower outlet velocity for the primary fuel jet.
  • the fuel supply pipe extension 138 Attached into the taper 140 of the minimum diameter orifice 134 at the downstream, truncated face of the bluff body 122 is the fuel supply pipe extension 138, the downstream end of which defines the location FSE which is downstream of the upstream most surface of the bluff body 122 such that fuel flowing successively through the fuel supply pipe 120, the central opening 124 and the minimum diameter orifice 134 in the bluff body 122, and the fuel supply pipe extension 138 is isolated from contact with the air in the air supply conduit 112 until exiting the downstream end of the fuel supply pipe extension 138.
  • this fuel supply pipe extension 138 extends toward the flame end 116 of the ignitor and is of a length sufficient to isolate the pilot fuel and air mixture from the primary fuel thereby allowing combustion initiation of the pilot flame within flammability limits.
  • the fuel supply pipe extension may or may not terminate within the length of the air supply conduit 112. In general, it extends beyond the recirculation zone created by the air flow over the bluff body.
  • a diffusion ring 142 Located at the truncated face 128 of the bluff body 122 and around the fuel supply pipe extension 138 is a diffusion ring 142. As best shown in Figure 6, the pilot fuel is discharged from the exit of the pilot fuel ports 136 into the annular space 144 created between the bluff body 122 and the diffusion ring 142. This serves to distribute the pilot fuel evenly into the combustion air flowing in the air supply conduit around the outside of the bluff body.
  • the electrical spark discharge pilot ignition device as shown in Figure 8. This comprises ceramic insulator tubes 146 and 148 and the central conductive spark rod 150. This device is mounted in and through the aperture 152 in the bluff body 122. Upon passing through the bluff body, the ceramic insulators covering the spark rod terminate allowing the spark rod to discharge on the downstream side of the bluff body.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Lighters Containing Fuel (AREA)
EP02706205A 2001-03-19 2002-02-07 Gas pipe ignitor Expired - Lifetime EP1370807B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US812056 2001-03-19
US09/812,056 US6443728B1 (en) 2001-03-19 2001-03-19 Gas pipe ignitor
PCT/US2002/003765 WO2002075218A1 (en) 2001-03-19 2002-02-07 Gas pipe ignitor

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1370807A1 EP1370807A1 (en) 2003-12-17
EP1370807B1 true EP1370807B1 (en) 2007-05-30

Family

ID=25208362

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP02706205A Expired - Lifetime EP1370807B1 (en) 2001-03-19 2002-02-07 Gas pipe ignitor

Country Status (8)

Country Link
US (1) US6443728B1 (cs)
EP (1) EP1370807B1 (cs)
AU (1) AU2002240309B2 (cs)
CA (1) CA2440276A1 (cs)
CZ (1) CZ20032520A3 (cs)
ES (1) ES2286231T3 (cs)
PL (1) PL364671A1 (cs)
WO (1) WO2002075218A1 (cs)

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US7492269B2 (en) * 2005-02-24 2009-02-17 Alstom Technology Ltd Self diagonostic flame ignitor
US20060281564A1 (en) * 2005-06-10 2006-12-14 Perrow Scott J Tripot joint retainer
US7448352B2 (en) * 2005-10-31 2008-11-11 Warren James C Centrally located ignition source in a combustion chamber
JP4894295B2 (ja) * 2006-02-28 2012-03-14 株式会社日立製作所 燃焼装置と燃焼装置の燃焼方法、及び燃焼装置の改造方法
US20080020333A1 (en) * 2006-06-14 2008-01-24 Smaling Rudolf M Dual reaction zone fuel reformer and associated method
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WO2012058587A2 (en) * 2010-10-28 2012-05-03 Flare Industries, Inc. Hot surface ignition assembly for use in pilots for flaring, incineration, and process burners
EP2646754A1 (en) * 2010-12-01 2013-10-09 Shell Internationale Research Maatschappij B.V. Burner
ITBO20110281A1 (it) * 2011-05-18 2012-11-19 Riello Spa Bruciatore premiscelato
CN102954464B (zh) * 2011-08-18 2015-06-17 徐军 外燃式微油稳燃节能燃烧装置
CN102679353A (zh) * 2012-05-05 2012-09-19 中冶南方(武汉)威仕工业炉有限公司 平焰烧嘴用配风稳焰器
CN102966953B (zh) * 2012-11-08 2015-09-09 佛山市科皓燃烧设备制造有限公司 一种适用于超长辐射管的烧嘴
US9765967B2 (en) 2013-06-05 2017-09-19 General Electric Technology Gmbh Flexible gas pipe ignitor
US9863635B2 (en) * 2015-06-24 2018-01-09 General Electric Technology Gmbh Combined ignitor spark and flame rod
US10527281B1 (en) 2015-10-05 2020-01-07 Linwood Thad Brannon Gas flare useful for combusting landfill gas emissions
US10344971B2 (en) * 2016-06-13 2019-07-09 Fives North American Combustion, Inc. Low NOx combustion
US11846449B2 (en) * 2020-04-30 2023-12-19 Rheem Manufacturing Company Combustion systems with ease of serviceability

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
AU2002240309B2 (en) 2006-07-27
US6443728B1 (en) 2002-09-03
CA2440276A1 (en) 2002-09-26
WO2002075218A1 (en) 2002-09-26
PL364671A1 (en) 2004-12-13
US20020132203A1 (en) 2002-09-19
CZ20032520A3 (cs) 2004-01-14
EP1370807A1 (en) 2003-12-17
ES2286231T3 (es) 2007-12-01

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