EP1369888B1 - Hybrid circuit breaker for middle or high voltage with vacuum and gas - Google Patents
Hybrid circuit breaker for middle or high voltage with vacuum and gas Download PDFInfo
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- EP1369888B1 EP1369888B1 EP03291309A EP03291309A EP1369888B1 EP 1369888 B1 EP1369888 B1 EP 1369888B1 EP 03291309 A EP03291309 A EP 03291309A EP 03291309 A EP03291309 A EP 03291309A EP 1369888 B1 EP1369888 B1 EP 1369888B1
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- contacts
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- gas
- switch
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
- H01H33/02—Details
- H01H33/04—Means for extinguishing or preventing arc between current-carrying parts
- H01H33/14—Multiple main contacts for the purpose of dividing the current through, or potential drop along, the arc
- H01H33/143—Multiple main contacts for the purpose of dividing the current through, or potential drop along, the arc of different construction or type
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
- H01H33/60—Switches wherein the means for extinguishing or preventing the arc do not include separate means for obtaining or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid
- H01H33/66—Vacuum switches
- H01H33/666—Operating arrangements
- H01H33/6661—Combination with other type of switch, e.g. for load break switches
Definitions
- the invention relates to a hybrid type switch device for high or medium voltage.
- the hybrid qualifier applies to the split that is mixed type by cooperating two different cutoff techniques.
- Hybrid includes a switch device which comprises a vacuum switch enclosing a first pair of arcing contacts and which also comprises a gas switch comprising a second pair of arcing contacts.
- a device of this type is known from the patent US 3038980 . It comprises a casing filled with a dielectric gas and having a longitudinal axis, inside which are disposed the two electrically connected switches in series and outside which is arranged the control mechanism of the device.
- the mechanism for actuating the contacts of the two switches is relatively simple, in the sense that one of the two contacts of the gas interrupter is integral with a movable contact which is adjacent to it in the vacuum interrupter.
- the other contact of the gas switch is secured to an operating rod connected to the control mechanism of the device.
- a spring mechanism associated with a stop has the effect of keeping the contacts of the gas interrupter pressed against each other during a first part of their stroke when the device is opened, until the contacts of the vacuum interrupter are separated by a determined distance.
- the purpose of such a sequence for the separation of the contacts of the two pairs is to be able to delay the separation of the contacts of the second pair (gas switch) compared to those of the first pair (vacuum switch).
- the hybrid high-voltage switching device associates a gas switch provided for a standardized high voltage higher than 72.5 kV with a vacuum switch provided for a standardized average voltage of less than 52.5 kV. kV.
- the vacuum interrupter withstands all the transient recovery voltage across the breaking device. during the separation of his contacts.
- the vacuum switch is only intended to support a recovery voltage that remains within the limits of the medium voltage.
- This operation involves a relatively long arc duration that a vacuum interrupter is not designed to support.
- the general structure of the device described in this US Patent 3038980 does not allow to modify the sequence for the separation of the contacts. In particular, it is not possible with such a device to obtain a simultaneous or delayed separation of the contacts of the vacuum interrupter with respect to the separation of the contacts of the gas interrupter.
- This device has certain disadvantages from a mechanical point of view. Firstly, it is necessary to exert sufficient force on the movable contact of the vacuum interrupter as long as the passage of the current is allowed, so as to have a mutual pressure between the contact surfaces of the contacts of this switch that is greater than a given value to resist the electrodynamic forces during the passage of the current.
- the steering wheel of the device must therefore be provided with an elastic return system that allows to exert this force required on the movable contact of the vacuum switch.
- the transmission of the movement of the operating rod of the gas switch to the vacuum switch is by a connecting rod whose axis is oblique with respect to the axis of translation of the moving contact of this vacuum switch. This results in significant transverse stresses on the vacuum interrupter, which can limit its mechanical endurance.
- the invention is then aimed at preventing any bouncing movement of the moving contact of the vacuum interrupter during a current interruption by the device, in order to avoid a dielectric reboot in this switch.
- the subject of the invention is a hybrid type breaking device for high or medium voltage according to claim 1.
- the displacement means are arranged so that the separations of the contacts of the respectively vacuum and gas switches occur simultaneously. or slightly shifted in time.
- a particular embodiment of the invention aims at enabling an efficient arc blow in the gas switch, including whether the hybrid switch device is intended to support at its terminals a transient recovery voltage with a speed very fast recovery as is often the case for applications at high and very high voltage, and particularly when the currents to be cut are less than about 30% of the breaking capacity of the hybrid device.
- the hybrid cutoff device comprises a supplementary pneumatic blowing volume, adjacent to the thermal blowing volume and able to communicate with the latter, delimited by a bottom stationary or movable which is adapted to be brought closer to the thermal blast volume to compress the dielectric gas contained in the pneumatic blast volume during an interruption of the current by the breaking device.
- the secondary pneumatic blowing volume makes it possible to obtain an arc blow in the case where the current to be cut is not large enough to generate, by thermal effect, the necessary overpressure in the thermal blast volume.
- the displacement means are preferably arranged so that the separation of the contacts of the vacuum interrupter occurs substantially delayed by relative to the separation of the arcing contacts of the gas interrupter so that zero current flow is caused by the gas interrupter before the vacuum interrupter cuts the current.
- the invention its characteristics and its advantages are specified in the description which follows in connection with the figures below.
- the Figures 1 to 14 correspond to embodiments of hybrid cutoff devices operating on the principle of the cutoff device described in the application of European patent EP1271590A1 .
- these embodiments do not incorporate improvement according to the present invention to prevent any bouncing movement of the movable contact of the vacuum interrupter. Embodiments of such improvements are described in the following with reference to Figures 15 to 20 .
- the figure 1 is a simplified block diagram showing the main elements of a hybrid high or medium voltage breaking device in a particular embodiment, shown in the closed position.
- the Figures 2, 3 and 4 represent successive steps of the opening of the hybrid breaking device shown in FIG. figure 1 .
- the figure 5 represents the schematic diagram of a hybrid breaking device identical to that shown in FIG. figure 1 , except that the contacts of the gas interrupter are arranged for their separation to occur shortly before that of the contacts of the vacuum interrupter.
- the figure 6 represents an intermediate step of the opening of the hybrid breaking device shown in FIG. figure 5 .
- the figure 7 is an enlargement of part of the hybrid breaking device shown in figure 9 .
- the figure 8 is a schematic representation of an embodiment of a hybrid cutoff device, the simplified schematic diagram of which is shown in FIG. figure 1 .
- the figure 9 is a schematic representation of another embodiment of a hybrid breaking device in which the contacts of the gas interrupter are arranged end to end.
- the figure 10 is a partial view of the hybrid cutoff device shown in FIG.
- the figure 9 and whose varistor has been removed.
- the figure 11 represents a subsequent step of opening the hybrid cleavage device shown on the figure 10 .
- the figure 12 is a partial schematic representation of an embodiment of a hybrid cutoff device incorporating a supplementary pneumatic blowing volume in addition to the thermal blowing volume, in an embodiment for which the blowing volumes are fixed.
- the figure 13 is a schematic representation of an embodiment of a hybrid breaking device in an embodiment for which the blowing volumes are movable with the operating rod of the device.
- the figure 13a is an enlargement of part of the hybrid breaking device shown in figure 13 .
- the figure 14 represents an intermediate step of the opening of the hybrid breaking device shown in FIG. figure 13 , corresponding approximately to the moment when the contacts of the gas interrupter separate.
- the figure 14 ' is a schematic representation of an embodiment of a hybrid breaking device in which the first elastic means comprise two springs arranged on either side of the movement return means.
- the figure 15 is a schematic representation of an embodiment of a hybrid breaking device according to the invention, which is functionally equivalent to the device shown in FIG. figure 12 and which has an improvement to prevent any bouncing of the moving contact of the vacuum interrupter.
- the figure 16 represents the same hybrid breaking device as that of the figure 15 at the end of the opening of the contacts of the gas switch.
- the figure 17 is a schematic representation of an embodiment of a hybrid breaking device according to the invention, which is functionally equivalent to the device shown in FIG. figure 13 and which has an improvement to prevent any bouncing of the moving contact of the vacuum interrupter.
- the figure 18 represents the same hybrid breaking device as that of the figure 17 at the end of the opening of the contacts of the gas switch.
- the figure 19 is a schematic representation of another embodiment of a hybrid breaking device according to the invention, in an embodiment for which the contacts of the gas switch are arranged end to end.
- the figure 20 is a schematic representation of another embodiment of a hybrid breaking device according to the invention, in an embodiment for which the device is intended for use as a generator circuit breaker.
- the hybrid breaking device 5 shown is generally symmetrical about an axis A. It comprises a vacuum switch 10 enclosing a first pair of arcing contacts 1 and 2. A first contact 1 is fixed and is connected permanently at an end crossing 7 of the device 5. A second contact 2 is movable in the axial direction A.
- the device also comprises a gas switch 11 electrically connected in series with the vacuum switch. This gas switch comprises a second pair of arcing contacts consisting of a third and a fourth contact 3 and 4.
- the third contact 3 is fixed in the envelope 12 by means of holding means shown in FIGS. figures 8 and 9 .
- the fourth contact 4 is movable in the axial direction A and integral with a rod 6 maneuver connected to the control mechanism 8 of the device 5.
- the two switches 10 and 11 are arranged in a casing 12 common filled with a dielectric gas.
- the movable contact 4 is introduced into the fixed contact 3 over a certain overlap distance when the cut-off device is closed.
- speeding a determined distance
- This velocity is applied to the movable contact 4 of the gas switch and allows this contact 4 to be separated from the fixed contact 3 with a relatively high speed from the beginning of the separation. A few milliseconds after said separation, this speed can reach a sufficient value favoring the extinction of the electric arc created between the contacts of the switch. It is particularly useful for cutting so-called capacitive currents without electric arc striking.
- the contact 2 is integral in translation with a movable connection means 13 which electrically connects it permanently to the fixed contact 3.
- the fact of arranging the third contact so that it remains fixed in the cutoff device allows the separation of the contacts 3 and 4 in the gas switch does not depend on the mechanical operation of the assembly bearing the second movable contact of the vacuum switch.
- Motion return means 15 are separable into two parts 16 and 17. These two parts are supported against each other in the axial direction A by means of coupling means 22 provided at their two ends screwed together. to screw.
- the second part 17 is integral in translation with the rod 6, and the first part 16 can be displaced in translation with a stroke D determined in the axial direction A relative to the connection means 13. In the embodiment shown, this stroke D is equal to the overlap distance of the contacts 3 and 4, which is to say that it is equal to the speed setting distance defined above.
- return means 15 may also be made by a telescopic link (not shown) comprising two parts that can be locked in abutment against one the other and sliding one into the other during their spacing in the axial direction, such a telescopic link being functionally equivalent to the return means 15 shown schematically in FIG. figure 1 .
- a telescopic link (not shown) comprising two parts that can be locked in abutment against one the other and sliding one into the other during their spacing in the axial direction, such a telescopic link being functionally equivalent to the return means 15 shown schematically in FIG. figure 1 .
- a telescopic link being functionally equivalent to the return means 15 shown schematically in FIG. figure 1 .
- such an embodiment may have disadvantages due to the increase in moving masses.
- First resilient means are provided to maintain the vacuum interrupter closed, by exerting on the connection means 13 and thus on the contact 2 a first thrust which remains greater than a determined threshold until a moment when the rod 6 has traveled the determined race D.
- the first and second elastic means provided for exerting said first and second thrusts comprise respectively a first spring 20 and a second spring 21 both armed in compression and associated respectively with first and second abutment means 14 and 19.
- the first spring 20 is mounted between the connecting means 13 and the first part 16, for exerting opposite thrusts on these elements respectively. F 20 ⁇ and F 20 ⁇ .
- the closed position of the cut-off device 5 is ensured thanks to the locking of the movement of the rod 6 by the control mechanism 8, which makes it possible to keep the two parts 16 and 17 stationary against each other and also to maintain a certain pressure on the contacts 1 and 2 through the first spring 20 associated with the connecting means 13. This contact pressure allows the switch to ensure the passage of a fault current, and depends on the value of the current fault to bear.
- the rod 6 In the case of an order of interruption of current sent to the control mechanism 8 of the cut-off device 5, the rod 6 must be unlocked to allow the first part 16 to move in translation relative to the means 13 under the effect of the expansion of the first spring 20. This relative movement is then stopped as soon as the first part 16 has traveled the race D, by the first abutment means 14 which form an end of the connecting means 13 so that this part 16 is secured in translation of said average 13 as shown in the figure 2 .
- the return means 15 and the first elastic means form a connecting assembly which connects the connection means 13 to the rod 6.
- This assembly can be described as dead link means, in that these connecting means do not allow not by means of connection to follow the movement of the rod as long as it does not traveled a determined race.
- the connecting means 13 remains stationary since the return means 15 do not transmit the movement of the rod 6. This property is true both at the opening and closing of the cutoff device.
- the movement of the contact 2 during the separation of the contacts 1 and 2 of the vacuum interrupter 10 is ensured by the second semi-mobile spring 21, one end of which is stationary because it bears permanently against the face of the vacuum interrupter. is traversed by the rod bearing the contact 2.
- the other end of this spring 21 is movable, permanently supported against the connecting means 13, and exerts against it a thrust which remains much lower than that of the first spring 20.
- the dead-link connection means cooperate with the second elastic means to move the rod 6 and the connecting means 13 so as to separate the movable contacts 2 and 4 respectively from the fixed contacts 1 and 3.
- they are a constituent part of the displacement means which allow that the separations of the contacts 1 and 2 and the contacts 3 and 4 of the respectively vacuum and gas switches occur simultaneously or slightly shifted in time.
- the second stop means 19 are arranged so as to stop the translation movement of the connecting means 13, as soon as the latter has traveled a certain distance d 1 as shown in FIG. figure 3 .
- These abutment means 19 are electrically and mechanically connected to the fixed contact 3, and advantageously participate in the electrical connection between the contacts 2 and 3. They consist here of a cylindrical stud of axis A, which is introduced into a tubular part hollow of the movable connecting means 13 which can thus slide in the axial direction A. They are also electrically and mechanically connected to a conduction element 9 which surrounds and maintains a blowing chamber arranged in the axial direction A. In known manner, this chamber comprises a thermal blowing volume 11A and a blowing nozzle 11B. The blowing nozzle 11B is intended to blow an electric arc between the contacts of the gas switch by thermal expansion of the dielectric gas contained in this blowing volume 11A.
- the conduction element 9 acts as the main contact for the passage of the permanent current when the cut-off device 5 is closed.
- the electrical connection between the element 9 and a plug 33 is provided by means of a sliding contact 17A supported by the second part 17 of the return means 15 at the coupling means 22.
- This second part 17 is electrically conductive and moves in translation with the rod 6 while remaining in electrical contact by a sliding contact 28 with a fixed conductive tube 31 connected to the socket 33.
- the first part 16 of the return means 15 is itself electrically insulating for reasons explained below.
- connection means 13 in the exemplary embodiment shown is constituted by a metal sleeve with symmetry of revolution in the axial direction A.
- the various parts constituting this part are referenced to FIG. figure 2 .
- the sleeve comprises a hollow tubular portion 13A which has at its open end a first annular shoulder which constitutes the first stop means 14.
- This hollow portion 13A comprises a bottom 13C intended to bear against the cylindrical stud constituting the second stop means 19.
- the sleeve also comprises a cylindrical portion 13B in which is formed an annular housing 13D open to the vacuum switch 10 and for housing the second spring 21.
- the wall 13E which surrounds this housing 13D has at its end a second shoulder 13F ring to maintain the first spring 20 abutting.
- the spring 20 is permanently compressed between this shoulder 13F and an annular wall 16A which constitutes an end of the first portion 16.
- the inside diameter of this wall 16A is substantially equal to the outside diameter of the tubular portion 13A of the sleeve 13, so that the portion 16 can slide along the sleeve in the axial direction A.
- the first part 16 of the return means 15 moves in translation from the position shown in FIG. figure 1 to that of the figure 2 . It pushes in its movement the second part 17, and the sliding contact 17A is provided to separate from the conduction element 9 so that the fault current passes exclusively through the arcing contacts 3 and 4 in the gas switch 11.
- the first part 16 is electrically insulating or at least makes it possible to electrically isolate between them the connection means 13 and the second part 17 which is conductive. Indeed, if this part 16 was entirely conductive, there would be arcing between the parts 16 and 17 after the sliding contact 17A is disconnected from the conduction element 9.
- the translational movement of the return means 15 is transmitted to the rod 6, and therefore to the moving contact 4 of the gas switch.
- the thrust provided by the expansion of the first spring 20 serves to assist the control mechanism 8 for the operation of the rod.
- the device is represented at the moment when the annular wall 16A of the first part 16 comes into abutment against the first stop means 14, after having traveled the distance D.
- the movable contact 4 has simultaneously traveled the distance D in the switch to gas, and is about to be separated from the fixed contact 3.
- the thrust - F 20 ⁇ the first spring 20 can no longer act effectively on the connecting means 13 to maintain the pressure on the contact 2, and the thrust of the second spring 21 is free to act on this means 13 for its translation.
- the movable contact 2 in the vacuum switch 10 is then about to be separated from the fixed contact 1, simultaneously with the separation of the contacts 3 and 4 in the gas switch.
- the connecting means 13 is set in motion by the expansion of the second spring 21 which permanently exerts on this means 13 a thrust F 21 ⁇ represented at figure 3 .
- This setting in motion causes on the one hand the displacement of the second contact 2 to open the vacuum switch 10, on the other hand the continuation of the translational movement of the return means 15.
- FIG. 3 The movement of the contact 2 is intended to be stopped as soon as the latter is completely separated from the contact 1 in the vacuum interrupter 10.
- the complete separation is performed when the movable contact 2 is separated from the fixed contact 1 by a distance d insulation in the determined vacuum, for example of the order of 15 mm.
- the movement of the connecting means 13 is stopped by the second stop means 19 which are arranged in such a way that the stroke d 1 traversed by this means 13 is equal to the insulation distance corresponding to the complete separation. contacts 1 and 2.
- insulation stroke this race d 1 also called insulation stroke this race d 1 .
- the thrust F 21 ⁇ of the second spring 21 is provided sufficient to initially provide the energy required for the displacement of the contact 2 and the parts 13 and 16 integral in translation, and in a second time maintain the contacts 1 and 2 open as shown in FIG. figure 3 .
- this pressure is well below that in standard F 20 of the first spring 20.
- F 20 decreases between times corresponding to Figures 1 and 2 while F 21 is stable at its maximum, F 20 remaining high enough to satisfy the condition F 20 > F 21 + S.
- the contacts 1 and 2 are kept open in the vacuum interrupter 10 until the contacts 3 and 4 are fully open in the gas interrupter as shown in FIG. figure 4 where these contacts are separated by a certain insulation distance d 2 at the end of travel of the movable contact 4.
- This distance d 2 is much greater than the insulation stroke d 1 mentioned for the vacuum switch, since d 2 is generally between 80 and 200 mm for most blow gas switches.
- the figure 5 represents the schematic diagram of a device identical to that shown in figure 1 except that the contacts of the gas interrupter are arranged for their separation to occur shortly before that of the contacts of the vacuum interrupter. To obtain such an early separation of the contacts of the gas switch, it is sufficient that the overlap distance of these contacts is somewhat lower than the stroke D defined above, when the cut-off device is closed. There is therefore a recovery distance, in other words a speed-up distance for the rod 6, equal to D- ⁇ with the distance ⁇ which is a function of the desired time offset for this anticipated separation.
- the figure 7 is an enlarged partial view of the hybrid cutoff device shown in FIG. figure 9 , in closed position.
- This view shows a second embodiment of a cut-off device, in which the contacts 3 and 4 of the gas switch 11 are held in abutment against each other with a certain contact pressure provided by means resilient to withstand electrodynamic forces during current flow.
- Delaying means 18 of the setting in motion of the movable contact 4 are interposed between this contact and the operating rod 6 of the device, so that the separation of the contacts 3 and 4 caused by said setting in motion of the contact 4 has precisely at the moment when the rod 6 has traveled the speed-up distance defined previously.
- the rod 6 and the contacts 3 and 4 are preferably of tubular form in the axial direction A, and the contacts 3 and 4 advantageously each comprise at their end a tip respectively 3A and 4A made of a refractory conductive material.
- the arc contact 4 also includes orifices or openings 4B to allow the evacuation of hot gases which are overpressurized inside the tubular structure of said contact during the breaking of a fault current by the arcing contacts 3 and 4.
- the overpressurized gases are discharged into the space between the delay means 18 and the second part 17, then pass into space between the rod 6 and the conductive tube 31 through openings provided for this purpose in the second part 17. Finally, these gases undergo a final expansion by passing through the volume adjacent to the inner wall of the casing 12 by openings arranged for this purpose in the conductive tube 31.
- other arrangements of openings for the evacuation of gases under pressure can be provided.
- the delay means 18 are dimensioned so that the speed-up distance is equal to the travel D that the return means 15 can travel relative to the connecting means 13, so as to obtain the separation simultaneous two pairs of contacts.
- the movable contact 4 is held in abutment against the fixed contact 3 with a certain contact pressure due to the thrust exerted by the third spring 24.
- the annular cap 27 comes into abutment against the abutment means 23.
- the spring 24 has no action on the contact 4 which is then driven in translation with the rod 6 and the second part 17.
- the mobile contact 4 is integral in translation of the parts 6 and 17 only from a given instant from the moment of triggering of the device.
- the operation of the device is here provided to obtain the separation of the contacts 3 and 4 in the gas switch simultaneously with that of the contacts 1 and 2 in the vacuum switch.
- Figure 8 schematically an embodiment of a hybrid breaking device whose simplified block diagram is shown in FIG. figure 1 .
- the contacts of the gas interrupter are fitted into each other with a certain overlap distance when the breaking device is closed, as well as at the figure 1 .
- the volume adjacent to the inner wall of the envelope common to the two switches is sized to accommodate a varistor 32 electrically connected in parallel with the contacts of the vacuum interrupter so as to limit the voltage applied to said switch. This makes it possible to adequately distribute the voltage applied to the respectively vacuum and gas switches during the opening of the cut-off device.
- the distribution of the voltage can also be adjusted using at least one capacitor connected in parallel with the breaking device or in parallel with one of the two switches.
- the series cut-off devices can be housed in a vertical insulating envelope
- the vacuum interrupter in the portion of the envelope the farthest from the ground. This makes it possible to obtain a natural voltage distribution which gives a voltage on the gas cut-off device greater than that applied to the vacuum switch.
- the relative compactness of hybrid devices such as those shown herein may allow the use of an existing insulating jacket provided for a non-hybrid gas switch.
- the electrical connection between the varistor 32 and the movable contact of the vacuum switch is provided by means of the metal bellows sealing this switch.
- the electrical connection between the connection means 13 and the conductive pad forming the second stop means 19 is provided by sliding contacts. Orifices or apertures are provided at the connection between this stud and the conduction element 9 which surrounds the blast chamber of the gas switch, to allow the evacuation of the hot gases as explained in the commentary of the figure 7 .
- Such openings are also provided in the first and second parts 16 and 17 of the return means 15, as well as in the conductive tube in which the second part can slide.
- Electrically insulating rods 30 participate in the mechanical maintenance of the gas switch in the casing of the cut-off device. These tie rods are fixed by a end on the face of the vacuum switch which is traversed by the rod carrying the movable contact. They are rigidly connected at their other end to the conduction element 9 and thus make it possible to hold the third contact in the gas switch.
- the operating rod 6 of the device is rigidly connected to the movable contact 4 and the second portion 17 of the return means 15.
- the three elements 6, 4 and 17 are permanently integral in translation in this embodiment.
- the figure 9 is a schematic representation of another embodiment of a hybrid closed-off device in which the contacts of the gas interrupter are arranged end-to-end. Many elements are identical to those used for the embodiment shown in FIG. figure 8 . However, the different structure of the contacts of the gas switch means that the drive of the movable contact of this switch can be made as directly as for the embodiment where these contacts are fitted. In order to respect the desired sequence of opening of the switches, delay means 18 as detailed in FIG. figure 7 are provided to delay the setting in motion of said movable contact. These means allow the rod 6 to travel the speeding distance as explained above, and thus allow the movable contact 4 to be driven by the rod 6 with a high speed at the beginning of the separation of the contacts of the switch. empty, as in the embodiment with fitted contacts.
- the figure 11 shows the device of the figure 10 at a moment corresponding to the stage of figure 2 .
- Figure 12 a hybrid high-voltage cut-off device incorporates a supplementary pneumatic blowing volume 11C in addition to the thermal blowing volume 11A, in an embodiment for which this thermal blast volume is motionless.
- a supplementary pneumatic blowing volume 11C in addition to the thermal blowing volume 11A, in an embodiment for which this thermal blast volume is motionless.
- a large number of parts of the device are common with the device shown in FIG. figure 9 , and in particular the contacts of the gas switch are arranged end to end in the closed position.
- the main changes to be made to the scheme of the figure 9 for the addition of the additional pneumatic blowing volume are on the conductive wall 9 'which forms the bottom of the volume of thermal blowing 11A and on the first part 16 of the movement of the device return means.
- the volume of secondary air blowing is also referred to as the compression volume, since the assistance for thermal blowing results from the compression of the gas in this additional volume.
- the thermal blowing volume and the compression volume can communicate by valves for example ball.
- This allows the passage of gases from the compression volume to the thermal blowing volume firstly during a first phase of the compression, and then during the final phase of the compression in case the overpressure generated by the thermal effect alone is insufficient for blowing the arc.
- This deficiency is then compensated by a supply of compressed gas to the thermal blowing volume.
- the overpressure generated by the thermal effect alone in the volume 11A is sufficient and greater than the overpressure obtained by pneumatic compression in the volume 11C, it is advantageous not to let the gas escape from the volume 11A to volume 11C so as not to diminish the effect of thermal blowing.
- valves 35 are formed in the wall 9 'of the volume 11A to provide the desired functions of unidirectional gas passage or insulation of the two blowing volumes as a function of the breaking of the respectively weak or strong currents.
- At the end of a reclosing operation of the hybrid cutoff device it is necessary not to create a vacuum in the pneumatic blowing volume 11C, in order to be able to properly compress the gas if the device must open again.
- at least one valve 36 for example a ball valve, in the bottom of the compression volume, this bottom being formed by an annular wall 16A which constitutes an end of the first part 16 of the movement return means of the device.
- the compression volume 11C must be tight against the gas of the device casing during compression, so that the dielectric gas under pressure is channeled only to the contacts of the gas switch for blowing. .
- the compression volume 11C can be seen as the sum of two adjacent partial volumes Vc 1 and Vc 2 .
- the length of the volume Vc 1 in the longitudinal direction corresponds to the stroke D mentioned on the schematic diagram of the figure 1 which means that the compression volume 11C will be reduced to the volume Vc 2 when the first part 16 of the return means has traveled this stroke D at a time which will correspond to the beginning of the separation of the contacts of the gas switch. Then, the volume 11C will continue to be compressed during the opening of the contacts of the vacuum switch under the action of the second spring 21, since the first portion 16 of the return means will then be integral in motion of the movable contact of the vacuum switch and continue to approach the annular wall 9 '.
- the compression stroke in the pneumatic blast volume is at most equal to the sum of the distances D and d 1 defined above.
- the compression volume is necessarily limited in the longitudinal direction.
- FIG 13 a particular embodiment of a pneumatic blow-off hybrid device is shown schematically. This embodiment differs significantly from the previous ones in that the thermal blast 40A and pneumatic 40C volumes of the gas switch 40 are movable with the operating rod 6 of the device.
- the hybrid cutoff device is shown in the closed position.
- the contacts of the vacuum interrupter 10 are in contact with each other, and the contacts of the gas interrupter are pushed into one another.
- the device has a number of similarities with the one shown in figure 8 .
- the vacuum switch 10, the connecting means 13, and the first and second elastic means may be identical in both embodiments.
- FIG 13a part of the device of the figure 19 centered on the gas switch 40 is shown in enlargement.
- the movement return means 15 comprise two parts 16 and 17 which are movable together in support against each other and able to be dissociated after the beginning of the opening of the vacuum switch.
- the second part 17 is integral in translation with the operating rod 6, because this part 17 is fixed to the periphery of a cylindrical wall approximately 40D tubal which carries out the separation between the two blowing volumes 40A and 40C and the gas contained in the device envelope.
- This wall 40D is indeed fixedly connected to the actuating rod by means of an annular wall 39 which separates the two blowing volumes.
- the thermal blast volume 40A is delimited at one end by a blast nozzle 40B attached to one end of the wall 40D, this nozzle thus being integral in translation with the operating rod 6.
- a permanent current contact 44 surrounds the end of the wall 40D and participates in the longitudinal retention of the nozzle against the wall, this contact being movable with the rod and the nozzle.
- the wall 40D is conductive and allows the passage of the permanent current from the contact 44 to a tubular conductive element 45 which is fixed and is electrically connected to a current socket 33 of the cut-off device, this wall 40D being able to slide in a sealed manner along the tubular conductive member 45 while remaining electrically in contact therewith.
- the permanent current movable contact 44 has a tubular portion which is introduced into a permanent current fixed contact 43, which is of tubular form and is electrically connected to the connection means 13.
- the overlap distance of the permanent current contacts 43 and 44 Of course, this is less than the overlap distance D of the arcing contacts 3 and 4 of the gas interrupter 40 so that these permanent current contacts can be separated before the arcing contacts are separated in their turn. during a power interruption, as shown on the figure 14 .
- the fixed conductive element 45 maintains a sealing element 41 which has a fixed piston function for the compression volume 40C, and which is able to isolate this compression volume from the adjacent volume 42 delimited by the rod 6. and the tubular element 45.
- This sealing element 41 is here provided with a valve 41A intended to allow the passage of dielectric gas from the volume 42 to the compression volume 40C during a reclosing operation of the breaking device hybrid, thus avoiding creating a depression in this volume.
- the annular wall 39 which separates the two blast volumes 40A and 40C has openings 38 for allowing the passage of the compressed gases from the compression volume 40C to the blast volume 40A.
- these openings 38 are simple passages without valves, which proves satisfactory in a number of applications.
- this realization is effective when the blowing which is carried out by pneumatic compression to cut the small currents with short arc durations only needs a relatively small complement of blowing by thermal effect when it comes to cutting large currents.
- the openings 38 may also include valves, as known from the state of the art and in particular the FR2751782 .
- the sealing element 41 may be provided with a valve intended to limit the overpressure in the compression volume by allowing the passage of the gases under pressure to the volume 42.
- FIG 14 the hybrid cut-off device Figures 13 and 13a is shown at an intermediate stage of its opening, corresponding approximately to the moment when the contacts 3 and 4 of the gas switch separate, that is to say when the movable contact 4 which is integral in motion of the operating rod has traveled the lap distance D.
- the annular wall 39 which separates the two blowing volumes has moved from the same distance D to the fixed piston of the compression volume 40C, which allows compressed dielectric gas to pass into the thermal blowing volume as represented by an arrow in the figure.
- the blowing of the arc is partly carried out by pneumatic compression. It may be noted that this compression is performed during the entire stroke of the operating rod, unlike previous embodiments where the thermal blast volume is immobile in the device.
- a hybrid cut-off device which comprises a mobile thermal blast volume therefore has the advantage of being able to cut off currents with arc durations that are in principle longer in comparison with a device with an immobile thermal volume as represented in FIG. figure 12 .
- the longitudinal dimension of the compression volume 40C is not limited by the dead stroke D as before, which makes it possible to obtain a satisfactory compression volume without having to increase the radial dimension of this volume.
- Mobile thermal volume devices are therefore well suited to applications where the insulation of the interrupting chamber is made by a porcelain shell, and in general to high voltage applications greater than about 100kV.
- FIG. figure 14 a hybrid breaking device is shown in an embodiment similar to that shown in FIG. figure 14 while being relatively more complex. Indeed, although most elements of this device are common with the previous device, some modifications and additional elements have been made.
- the first resilient means comprise in addition to the first spring 20 another spring 42, these two springs being arranged on either side of the movement return means 15 '.
- the spring 42 is interposed between the second part 17 'of the means of movement return 15 'and the tubular casing of the compression volume 40C.
- the two springs 20 and 42 cooperate so that the operating rod 6 can be displaced from the dead stroke D while maintaining a certain pressure between the contacts of the vacuum interrupter.
- the first spring 20 performs the function of maintaining this pressure, because a fixed tie rod 46 provided with an end stop allows the locking in translation of the second portion 17 'to prevent the force F 42 applied by the spring 42 is not added to the force F 20 applied by the first spring 20.
- the stroke D1 that can travel the first part 16 of the movement return means 15 'under the action of the first spring 20 is significantly reduced compared to previous achievements.
- the force F applied by the spring 20 varies less during an operation of opening or closing the hybrid breaker device, thereby limiting the forces applied to the vacuum interrupter during opening and closing of his contacts.
- the first elastic means being intended to allow the displacement of the operating rod 6 of a dead stroke D, it is necessary that the spring 42 can drive the rod over a certain stroke less than or equal to the distance D2 shown in the figure, before the first spring 20 causes this rod on the race D1 via the movement return means 15 '.
- the sum of the two races D1 and D2 must be equal to the dead travel D if it is desired a simultaneous separation of the contacts of the switches respectively gas and vacuum.
- the force F 42 is greater than the force F 20 at least in the closed position shown, in order to allow the first part 16 of the movement return means 15 'to have traveled the distance D1 only.
- the second portion 17 'of the movement return means 15' is made integral in motion of the operating rod.It is possible to arrange the device of this figure 14 ' to have a relatively small distance D1 in front of the distance D2, which makes it possible to limit the stroke of the first part 16 of the movement return means 15 '.
- FIG 15 an embodiment of a hybrid breaking device according to the invention is shown schematically.
- This embodiment is functionally equivalent to the device represented on the figure 12 , because the respectively thermal 11A and 11C pneumatic blow volumes are fixed. It involves in relation to the device of the figure 12 an improvement which makes it possible to prevent any bouncing movement of the moving contact of the vacuum interrupter, in order to avoid a dielectric reboot in this switch.
- dead link means are arranged to allow a displacement of the rod 6 which carries the movable contact 4 of the gas switch, while the vacuum switch is kept closed during this movement corresponding to a dead stroke D They include movement return means 15 which cooperate with a first spring 20 adapted to act on a connection means for holding the vacuum switch closed. But unlike the device of the figure 12 , the dead link means are here able to acquire a translation movement which is independent of the movement acquired simultaneously by the connecting means 13 '.
- the first part 16 of the movement return means becomes integral in movement of the connection means 13 once the dead travel D or D1 traveled by this part 16.
- the connecting means 13 is necessarily integral in movement with the movable contact of the Vacuum switch
- the rebound of the part 13 involves a similar rebound of the movable contact relative to the fixed contact. This is not acceptable because the distance between the contacts of the vacuum switch is then substantially reduced in the phase corresponding to the beginning of the separation process of these contacts, which is likely to cause a dielectric reboot in this switch .
- the dead-link connection means comprise first abutment means 14 'on which the first spring 20 bears to exert a force on the connecting means 13'.
- a single rod 14'A is shown in the figure for the sake of clarity, but it is understood that several similar rods may be attached to the first part 16, for example arranged equidistantly between them along a circle centered on the axis longitudinal A of the device. Each rod then has the same length as the single rod shown, and comprises one end a similar 14'B head.
- a rod 14'A may also consist of an angular portion of a tubular element whose axis coincides with the axis A of the device, and a head 14'B may then have the shape of an angular portion of an annular element centered on this axis A.
- the first abutment means 14 'further comprises a first tubular bearing element 14'C which is adapted to be displaced in the longitudinal axial direction A along a fixed support member 50 which it surrounds.
- the fixed support member 50 consists of a first portion 50A which carries the fixed arc contact 3 of the gas switch and a second portion 50B which is held fixed by through an insulating tie 30 'attached to one end of the device.
- the second portion 50B holds in place the first portion 50A through fastening means 51 disposed along the axis A of the device, and is thus electrically in contact with the latter.
- the first tubular support element 14'C comprises an annular portion which is traversed by the rod or rods 14'A, so that each rod 14'A is slidable through this element 14'C.
- Each head 14'B of a rod is able to come abut against this annular part once the dead stroke D traversed by each rod integrally with the first part 16.
- the first spring 20 is placed in compression between the annular part of the first tubular element 14'C and the first part 16 of the movement return means 15. During the expansion of the spring 20 which causes the course of the dead stroke D, the first 14'C tubular element remains in abutment against the connecting means 13 'which is integral in motion of the movable contact of the vacuum switch, which keeps the vacuum switch closed. Once the dead stroke D traversed by the movement return means 15 as well as by the rod or rods 14'A, the expansion of the spring 20 is abruptly interrupted because each head 14'B of a rod abuts against the first tubular support element 14'C, this state being designated as the abutment of the first abutment means 14 'in what follows.
- the first tubular support element 14'C then becomes firmly in motion with the first part 16 of the movement return means 15, and thus the first abutment means 14 'stop exerting any force on the connection means 13 ', thereby allowing the movable contact of the vacuum switch to move under the action of a second spring 21.
- the movement acquired by these first abutment means 14' with the first part 16 is therefore independent of the movement of the connecting means 13 ', which has the advantage over the embodiments previously shown of being able to adjust the speed of displacement imposed on the movable contact of the vacuum interrupter by only playing on the characteristics of the second spring without taking into account the the mass or speed possessed by this first part 16.
- the distance d 1 + g allowed for the displacement of the first tubular support element 14'C along the fixed support element 50 exceeds a certain set referenced g, also called the uncoupling set, the distance of separation d 1 of the contacts of the vacuum switch.
- this distance d 1 is also the distance allowed for the displacement of the connecting means 13 ', and that consequently the uncoupling clearance g corresponds to the distance separating the first tubular support element 14'C from this connecting means 13 'at the end of the opening of the vacuum interrupter as shown in FIG. figure 16 .
- An annular shoulder 52 is provided on the first portion 50A of the fixed support member 50 so as to form a fixed stop end stop to stop the movement of the first element 14'C and thus stop the displacement of the first stop means 14 as well as that of the first part 16 of the movement return means 15 shortly after the abutment of these first abutment means 14 '.
- the connecting means 13 ' comprises a main part 13'A fixed to the moving contact of the vacuum interrupter, consisting of a cylindrical stud having the same axis as the axis A of the device and provided at one end with an annular shoulder next to the vacuum switch.
- the other end of this cylindrical stud can slide in a cylindrical cavity of the same diameter formed in the second portion 50B of the fixed support member 50, while ensuring the electrical connection between the movable contact of the vacuum switch and the fixed contact 3 of the gas switch which is carried by the first portion 50A of the fixed support member 50.
- This second portion 50B is provided with second stop means 19 'against which abuts the annular shoulder of the part main 13'A connecting means 13 ', at the moment when it has traversed the insulation stroke d 1 integrally with the movable contact of the vacuum switch.
- a tie 13'B which integrally connects this portion 13'A to a second tubular support member 13'C which constitutes a secondary portion of the connecting means 13 '.
- This second tubular element 13 'C surrounds the fixed support element 50 and is able to be displaced along the latter in the axial direction A. Its primary function is to allow the force to be transmitted to the connecting means 13'. by the first spring 20 to maintain the contacts of the vacuum interrupter closed with a certain contact pressure. In this situation, it is in fact bearing against the first tubular bearing element 14'C of the first abutment means 14 '.
- the device of the figure 15 incorporates a volume 11C of supplementary pneumatic blowing in addition to the volume 11A of thermal blowing, in an embodiment for which this thermal blowing volume is immobile.
- FIG 16 the device of the figure 15 is shown at the end of a power interruption process.
- This process began with the release of the operating rod of the gas switch, which allowed the setting of the speed of the movable contact of the gas switch thanks to the thrust exerted by the first spring 20 on the means. movement of return 15, the second portion 17 is integral in motion of the operating rod.
- This thrust of the first spring was exerted during the entire course of the dead stroke D by each rod 14'A of the first abutment means 14 'integrally with the first portion 16 of the movement return means 15.
- the expansion of the first spring 20 was interrupted by the abutment of the first abutment means 14 ', and the movement of the second part 17 became independent of that of the first part 16 of the movement return means 15.
- this first portion 16 has traveled freely a further distance d 1 + g jointly with the first abutment means 14 ', mainly because of the kinetic energy previously acquired by this mobile assembly.
- the additional path of this assembly is interrupted by the fixed abutment formed by the annular shoulder 52, as mentioned above, at a longitudinal position for which the volume 11C supplementary air blowing is reduced to a minimum.
- the piston of the pneumatic blast volume is formed by an annular wall of the first part 16 of the movement return means 15. It may be noted that the compression in the volume 11C makes it possible to slow down the speed of the moving assembly of the first means stop 14 'before these are stopped by the fixed stop formed by the annular shoulder 52.
- Such a fixed stop 52 is not indispensable, and it is possible to envisage a slightly different embodiment in which the piston formed by the annular wall of the first part 16 comes into abutment against the partition wall of the two blast volumes 11A and 11C. once the additional path d 1 + g of the mobile assembly in question has been performed.
- This figure 16 represents the end of the opening of the hybrid breaking device, which corresponds to a time subsequent to the step described above where the path of the first abutment means 14 'is interrupted.
- the movement of the movable contact of the gas interrupter continued after this step, solidly with the operating rod 6 and the second portion 17 of the movement return means 15, until an isolation distance the arcing contacts of the gas interrupter are reached after the arc between these contacts has been blown.
- the moving contact of the vacuum interrupter has traveled the separation distance d 1 integrally with the connecting means 13 ', the latter being held pressed against the fixed support member 50 by the force exerted by the second spring 21 in compression.
- FIG. 17 is schematically shown an embodiment of a hybrid cutoff device which is functionally equivalent to the device shown in FIG. figure 13 , and which comprises an improvement according to the invention for preventing any bounce of the moving contact of the vacuum interrupter.
- the gas switch 40 comprises 40A and 40A thermal blowing volumes which are movable with the operating rod 6 of the device.
- the fixed piston of the pneumatic blowing volume 40C is not shown in the figure, but a piston such as the sealing element 41 of the device of the figure 13 can perfectly suit.
- a piston such as the sealing element 41 of the device of the figure 13 can perfectly suit.
- most of the elements of the hybrid breaking device shown in FIGS. Figures 17 and 18 is identical to the elements of the Figures 15 and 16 . We can therefore refer to the comments of these Figures 15 and 16 for understanding the operation of this device.
- the additional path d 1 + g of the moving assembly which comprises the first abutment means 14 'and the first part 16 of the movement return means is not interrupted here by the annular shoulder 52, but by a another annular shoulder 53 which forms a fixed stop at the end of the fixed support member 50.
- This fixed stop 53 is indeed sized to stop the translational movement of the first part 16 at the end of the additional course of the moving assembly, knowing that this movement is not here braked by the compression in the pneumatic blowing volume.
- Figure 18 the device of the figure 17 is shown at the end of opening of the contacts of the gas switch.
- annular shoulder 52 it is advantageous for the annular shoulder 52 to be positioned in such a way as to leave only a very small clearance with the first tubular support element 14'C once the additional course d 1 + g performed by the first abutment means 14 ', this making it possible to prevent this element 14'C from continuing its translation movement by compressing the first spring 20 due to its kinetic energy.
- the uncoupling game g makes it possible in particular to tolerate slight rebounds of the first stop means 14 'in solidarity with the first part 16 at the end of the additional path d 1 + g of this moving assembly. Indeed, such bounces of a distance less than this game g will not affect the abutment holding the connecting means 13 'and therefore do not present the risk of reducing the distance between the contacts of the vacuum switch.
- FIG 19 another embodiment of a hybrid breaking device according to the invention is shown schematically and in partial view.
- the complete device can be extrapolated from the one represented on the figure 17 and which is functionally equivalent, the blow nozzle 40B being movable with the operating rod of the device for each embodiment.
- the structural differences relate to the realization of the arc contacts 3 'and 4 of the gas switch, the latter being here arranged end to end.
- the structure of these means 18 'on the figure 19 is similar to that of the means 18 for delaying the setting in motion of the moving contact on the figure 7 .
- the movable contact 4 is directly attached to the operating rod 6 and is therefore permanently integral in translation of the rod. It may be noted that this embodiment with contacts arranged end to end makes it possible to obtain a relatively large thermal blowing volume 11A for a limited radial space requirement of the device, but this implies a substantially more complex embodiment than with fitted contacts, as on FIG. figure 13 .
- the contact pressure maintaining means 18 ' are mounted on the first part 50A of the fixed support element 50, and support at one end the third arcing contact 3' which is not completely fixed here, contrary to the embodiments preceding. These means 18 'are arranged to allow the third arcing contact 3' to be displaced with the fourth arcing contact 4 until the separation of these contacts, and then to be held motionless in abutment after this separation while that the fourth contact continues its race jointly with the operating rod during a current interruption by the device.
- the making of the arcing contacts of the gas interrupter can generally use one or the other of the two techniques illustrated herein, in this case the technique contacts fitted with a certain overlap distance or that of the contacts arranged end to end with means for maintaining contact pressure.
- FIG 20 another embodiment of a hybrid breaking device according to the invention is shown in an embodiment for which the device is intended for use as a generator circuit breaker in a medium voltage network.
- the displacement means which are connected to the connecting means 13 'and to the operating rod 6 of the device are here arranged so that the separation of the contacts of the vacuum interrupter occurs substantially delayed with respect to the separation of the contacts. arc of the gas switch.
- the overlap distance D r of the contacts 3 and 4 of the gas switch is here less than half the dead stroke D of the first abutment means 14 '. It is recalled that this overlap distance is also called speeding distance, particularly in the case of an equivalent embodiment where the contacts of the gas switch would be arranged end to end. In general, for these applications of the device as a generator circuit breaker, it is preferable to choose a dead travel D greater than twice this speed-up distance of the moving contact of the gas switch.
- a device of this type must be able to cut off short-circuit currents with strong asymmetries that result in delayed zero crossings.
- the hybrid breaking device shown makes it possible to reduce the asymmetry of the current and to cause the current to be zeroed earlier, at a time compatible with the operation of the vacuum interrupter.
- the constituent elements of the device are essentially similar to those of the device of the Figures 15 and 16 , with the notable difference that the thermal blowing volume 11A is not supported by a supplementary air blowing volume. Indeed, unlike this previous device, the gas switch is not required here to cut the low current because in a medium voltage network this role is provided by the vacuum switch which is also able to keep the voltage restored .
- the wall forming the bottom of the thermal blast volume 11A has no opening.
- the first part 16 of the movement return means comprises at least one opening intended to balance the gas pressure between the interior volume at this part 16 and the volume outside the displacement means, as well as in the device of the Figures 17 and 18 .
- a hybrid breaking device allows the thermal phase of the power failure, that is to say the period of a few microseconds during which the voltage recovery begins, to be ensured largely by the vacuum switch. of the device.
- the gas interrupter essentially contributes to holding the peak value of the voltage, thanks to the relatively large separation distance of the contacts inherent to this type of apparatus in comparison with a vacuum switch.
- This offers in particular the possibility of using a gas other than the SF 6 for blowing the gas switch.
- the SF 6 is generally chosen for its holding properties at fast voltage recovery rates during the thermal phase of the cut.
- the transient voltage recovery during the thermal phase is provided by the vacuum interrupter in a hybrid breaking device according to the invention
- another gas or gas mixture having sufficient dielectric properties can then be used in the circuit. gas switch of the device.
- High pressure nitrogen has the dielectric properties required in high voltage. Not presenting risks for the environment it constitutes a preferential solution for a use with a gas other than the SF 6 .
- a mixture composed of more than 80% of nitrogen and another gas such as SF 6 has at least the advantage of considerably reducing the risks to the environment compared to the use of pure SF 6 .
Landscapes
- High-Tension Arc-Extinguishing Switches Without Spraying Means (AREA)
- Circuit Breakers (AREA)
- Gas-Insulated Switchgears (AREA)
- Arc-Extinguishing Devices That Are Switches (AREA)
- Driving Mechanisms And Operating Circuits Of Arc-Extinguishing High-Tension Switches (AREA)
- Disintegrating Or Milling (AREA)
- Scissors And Nippers (AREA)
Abstract
Description
L'invention se rapporte à un dispositif interrupteur de type hybride pour haute ou moyenne tension. Le qualificatif hybride s'applique à la coupure qui est de type mixte en faisant coopérer deux techniques de coupure différentes. On qualifie notamment d'hybride un dispositif interrupteur qui comporte un interrupteur à vide renfermant une première paire de contacts d'arc et qui comporte également un interrupteur à gaz comprenant une deuxième paire de contacts d'arc.The invention relates to a hybrid type switch device for high or medium voltage. The hybrid qualifier applies to the split that is mixed type by cooperating two different cutoff techniques. Hybrid includes a switch device which comprises a vacuum switch enclosing a first pair of arcing contacts and which also comprises a gas switch comprising a second pair of arcing contacts.
Un dispositif de ce type est connu du brevet
Cependant, une telle séquence n'est pas satisfaisante si le dispositif de coupure hybride à haute tension associe un interrupteur à gaz prévu pour une haute tension normalisée supérieure à 72,5 kV avec un interrupteur à vide prévu pour une moyenne tension normalisée inférieure à 52 kV. En effet, tant que les contacts de l'interrupteur à gaz ne sont pas séparés lors du processus de coupure d'un courant de défaut par le dispositif, l'interrupteur à vide supporte toute la tension transitoire de rétablissement aux bornes du dispositif de coupure pendant la séparation de ses contacts. Or, l'interrupteur à vide n'est prévu que pour supporter une tension de rétablissement qui reste dans les limites de la moyenne tension. Ainsi, un dispositif de coupure hybride à haute tension qui mettrait en oeuvre la séquence décrite ci-dessus pour la séparation des contacts ne pourrait couper le courant qu'après la séparation des deux contacts de l'interrupteur à gaz. Ce fonctionnement implique une durée d'arc relativement longue qu'un interrupteur à vide n'est pas conçu pour supporter. La structure générale du dispositif décrit dans ce
Il est connu de la demande de
Ce dispositif présente toutefois certains inconvénients d'un point de vue mécanique. Tout d'abord, il est nécessaire d'exercer une force suffisante sur le contact mobile de l'interrupteur à vide tant que le passage du courant est autorisé, de façon à avoir une pression mutuelle entre les surfaces d'appui des contacts de cet interrupteur qui soit supérieure à une valeur donnée pour résister aux efforts électrodynamiques pendant le passage du courant. Le volant du dispositif doit donc être muni d'un système élastique de rappel qui permet d'exercer cette force exigée sur le contact mobile de l'interrupteur à vide. D'autre part, la transmission du mouvement de la tige de manoeuvre de l'interrupteur à gaz vers l'interrupteur à vide se fait par une bielle dont l'axe est oblique par rapport à l'axe de translation du contact mobile de cet interrupteur à vide. Il en résulte des contraintes transversales importantes sur l'interrupteur à vide, ce qui peut limiter son endurance mécanique.This device, however, has certain disadvantages from a mechanical point of view. Firstly, it is necessary to exert sufficient force on the movable contact of the vacuum interrupter as long as the passage of the current is allowed, so as to have a mutual pressure between the contact surfaces of the contacts of this switch that is greater than a given value to resist the electrodynamic forces during the passage of the current. The steering wheel of the device must therefore be provided with an elastic return system that allows to exert this force required on the movable contact of the vacuum switch. On the other hand, the transmission of the movement of the operating rod of the gas switch to the vacuum switch is by a connecting rod whose axis is oblique with respect to the axis of translation of the moving contact of this vacuum switch. This results in significant transverse stresses on the vacuum interrupter, which can limit its mechanical endurance.
Il existe enfin un autre dispositif de ce type décrit dans la demande de
De toute évidence, il n'est pas possible de réaliser avec ce dispositif une séparation simultanée ou légèrement retardée des contacts de l'interrupteur à vide par rapport à la séparation des contacts de l'interrupteur à gaz.Obviously, it is not possible to achieve with this device a simultaneous or slightly delayed separation of the contacts of the vacuum switch relative to the separation of the contacts of the gas switch.
L'invention vise tout d'abord à remédier aux inconvénients ou limitations des techniques antérieures, en proposant un dispositif de coupure de type hybride pour haute ou moyenne tension relativement compact et endurant qui tout en fonctionnant avec un seul organe de manoeuvre, c'est-à-dire avec un mécanisme de commande relié à une seule tige de manoeuvre, permet d'ajuster la séquence de séparation des contacts des interrupteurs pour répartir de façon adéquate entre l'interrupteur à vide et l'interrupteur à gaz la tension transitoire de rétablissement qui apparaît entre les contacts de chaque interrupteur dès leur séparation. L'invention parvient à cet objectif en proposant un dispositif de couture fonctionnant sur le principe du dispositif de coupure de type hybride décrit dans la demande de
- une enveloppe (12) remplie d'un gaz diélectrique,
- un interrupteur à vide (10), comportant un premier contact d'arc (1) qui est fixe et un second contact d'arc (2) qui peut être déplacé en translation dans la direction axiale de l'enveloppe,
- des moyens prévus pour exercer sur le second contact une certaine force tant que l'interrupteur à vide autorise le passage du courant,
- un interrupteur à gaz (11), comportant un troisième contact d'arc (3) qui est fixe et un quatrième contact d'arc (4) qui peut être déplacé en translation,
- une tige de manoeuvre (6) reliée au quatrième contact.
- an envelope (12) filled with a dielectric gas,
- a vacuum interrupter (10) having a first arcing contact (1) which is fixed and a second arcing contact (2) which can be displaced in translation in the axial direction of the casing,
- means provided for exerting on the second contact a certain force as long as the vacuum interrupter authorizes the passage of the current,
- a gas interrupter (11) having a third arcing contact (3) which is fixed and a fourth arcing contact (4) which can be moved in translation,
- an operating rod (6) connected to the fourth contact.
Il comprend en outre :
- un moyen de raccordement (13) connectant électriquement les second et troisième contacts, apte à être déplacé en translation solidairement avec le second contact,
- des moyens de déplacement reliés au moyen de raccordement et à la tige (6) pour les déplacer de manière à séparer les second et quatrième contacts respectivement des premier et troisième contacts, comprenant des moyens de liaison à course morte qui permettent de déplacer la tige d'une course morte déterminée (D) tout en agissant sur le moyen de raccordement pour maintenir l'interrupteur à vide fermé pendant ce déplacement.
- connecting means (13) electrically connecting the second and third contacts, able to be moved in translation integrally with the second contact,
- displacement means connected to the connecting means and to the rod (6) for moving them so as to separate the second and fourth contacts respectively of the first and third contacts, comprising dead link means which allow the rod of the a determined dead stroke (D) while acting on the connecting means to hold the vacuum interrupter closed during this movement.
L'invention vise ensuite à empêcher tout mouvement de rebondissement du contact mobile de l'interrupteur à vide lors d'une interruption de courant par le dispositif, afin d'éviter un réamorçage diélectrique dans cet interrupteur.The invention is then aimed at preventing any bouncing movement of the moving contact of the vacuum interrupter during a current interruption by the device, in order to avoid a dielectric reboot in this switch.
A cet effet, l'invention a pour objet un dispositif de coupure de type hybride pour haute ou moyenne tension selon la revendication 1.For this purpose, the subject of the invention is a hybrid type breaking device for high or medium voltage according to claim 1.
Avantageusement, pour les applications où le dispositif selon l'invention est destiné à une utilisation comme disjoncteur dans un réseau haute tension, les moyens de déplacement sont agencés pour que les séparations des contacts des interrupteurs respectivement à vide et à gaz se produisent de façon simultanée ou faiblement décalée dans le temps.Advantageously, for applications where the device according to the invention is intended for use as a circuit breaker in a high-voltage network, the displacement means are arranged so that the separations of the contacts of the respectively vacuum and gas switches occur simultaneously. or slightly shifted in time.
Par ailleurs, un mode particulier de réalisation de l'invention vise à permettre un soufflage d'arc efficace dans l'interrupteur à gaz, y compris si le dispositif interrupteur hybride est destiné à supporter à ses bornes une tension transitoire de rétablissement avec une vitesse de rétablissement très rapide comme c'est souvent le cas pour les applications en haute et très haute tension, et en particulier lorsque les courants à couper sont inférieurs à environ 30% du pouvoir de coupure du dispositif hybride. Dans ce mode de réalisation, outre les caractéristiques de l'invention définies ci-dessus, le dispositif de coupure hybride comprend un volume de soufflage pneumatique d'appoint, adjacent au volume de soufflage thermique et pouvant communiquer avec ce dernier, délimité par un fond fixe ou mobile qui est apte à être rapproché du volume de soufflage thermique pour comprimer le gaz diélectrique contenu dans le volume de soufflage pneumatique lors d'une interruption du courant par le dispositif de coupure. Le volume de soufflage pneumatique d'appoint permet d'obtenir un soufflage d'arc dans le cas où le courant à couper n'est pas assez grand pour générer par effet thermique la surpression nécessaire dans le volume de soufflage thermique.Furthermore, a particular embodiment of the invention aims at enabling an efficient arc blow in the gas switch, including whether the hybrid switch device is intended to support at its terminals a transient recovery voltage with a speed very fast recovery as is often the case for applications at high and very high voltage, and particularly when the currents to be cut are less than about 30% of the breaking capacity of the hybrid device. In this embodiment, in addition to the characteristics of the invention defined above, the hybrid cutoff device comprises a supplementary pneumatic blowing volume, adjacent to the thermal blowing volume and able to communicate with the latter, delimited by a bottom stationary or movable which is adapted to be brought closer to the thermal blast volume to compress the dielectric gas contained in the pneumatic blast volume during an interruption of the current by the breaking device. The secondary pneumatic blowing volume makes it possible to obtain an arc blow in the case where the current to be cut is not large enough to generate, by thermal effect, the necessary overpressure in the thermal blast volume.
Selon des modes particuliers de réalisation, un dispositif de coupure selon l'invention peut comprendre l'une ou plusieurs des caractéristiques suivantes prises isolément ou selon toutes les combinaisons techniquement possibles:
- les moyens de renvoi de mouvement comprennent deux parties aptes à être déplacées ensemble en appui l'une contre l'autre et à aptes à être dissociées après le commencement de l'ouverture de l'interrupteur à vide,
- les premiers moyens de butée comprennent au moins une tige à course morte qui est solidaire en mouvement d'une première partie des moyens de renvoi de mouvement et qui comporte à une extrémité une tête, et comprennent un premier élément tubulaire d'appui qui est apte à être déplacé dans la direction axiale le long d'un premier élément de support fixe qu'il entoure, ce premier élément tubulaire comportant une partie annulaire qui est traversée par la tige à course morte et contre laquelle la tête de la tige est apte à venir appuyer en butée une fois la course morte parcourue.
- les moyens de déplacement comprennent des second moyens élastiques aptes à séparer les contacts de l'interrupteur à vide dès que la tige a parcouru la course morte et aptes à déplacer le moyen de raccordement et le second contact d'une course d'isolation déterminée par rapport au premier contact lors d'une interruption de courant par le dispositif, cette course d'isolation correspondant à la distance de séparation complète des premier et second contacts,
- les premiers moyens élastiques comprennent un premier ressort qui est disposé en compression entre la partie annulaire du premier élément tubulaire d'appui et la première partie des moyens de renvoi de mouvement,
- les second moyens élastiques comprennent un second ressort qui est disposé en compression entre un second élément de support fixe et une partie annulaire d'un second élément tubulaire d'appui qui entoure ce second élément de support fixe, le second élément tubulaire d'appui étant apte à être déplacé le long du second élément de support fixe dans la direction axiale et étant solidairement relié par au moins un tirant à une partie principale du moyen de raccordement,
- les premier et second éléments tubulaires d'appui sont immobiles en appui l'un contre l'autre tant que la course morte n'a pas été parcourue par ladite tige de manoeuvre lors d'une interruption de courant par le dispositif,
- le second élément de support fixe est muni de second moyens de butée contre lesquels vient buter la partie principale du moyen de raccordement au moment où ce dernier a parcouru la course d'isolation,
- le premier élément de support fixe supporte le troisième contact d'arc et est supporté par le second élément de support fixe grâce à des moyens de fixation disposés selon l'axe longitudinal du dispositif, ce premier élément de support étant maintenu fixe par l'intermédiaire d'un tirant isolant qui est fixé à une extrémité du dispositif.
- une seconde partie des moyens de renvoi de mouvement est solidaire en translation de la tige de manoeuvre.
- une varistance est disposée dans l'enveloppe commune du dispositif de coupure et électriquement reliée en parallèle aux contacts de l'interrupteur à vide afin de pouvoir limiter la tension appliquée sur cet interrupteur, en vue de répartir de façon adéquate la tension appliquée sur les interrupteurs respectivement à vide et à gaz lors de l'ouverture du dispositif de coupure,
- un condensateur est monté en parallèle à l'un des interrupteurs ou en parallèle à chacun des interrupteurs en vue d'obtenir cette répartition adéquate.
- the movement return means comprise two parts able to be displaced together in support against each other and able to be separated after the opening of the opening of the vacuum interrupter,
- the first abutment means comprise at least one dead-motion rod which is integral in motion with a first part of the movement-return means and which comprises at one end a head, and comprises a first tubular element which is displaceable in the axial direction along a first fixed support member which it surrounds, the first tubular element having an annular portion which is traversed by the dead-rod and against which the head of the rod is able to come abut in abutment once the dead run traveled.
- the displacement means comprise second elastic means capable of separating the contacts of the vacuum interrupter as soon as the rod has traversed the dead travel and able to move the connecting means and the second contact by an insulation path determined by relative to the first contact during a current interruption by the device, this isolation stroke corresponding to the complete separation distance of the first and second contacts,
- the first resilient means comprise a first spring which is arranged in compression between the annular portion of the first tubular support element and the first part of the movement return means,
- the second resilient means comprises a second spring which is disposed in compression between a second fixed support member and an annular portion of a second tubular support member which surrounds the second fixed support member, the second support member being adapted to be moved along the second fixed support member in the axial direction and being integrally connected by at least one tie rod to a main portion of the connecting means,
- the first and second tubular support elements are immobile in abutment against each other as long as the dead stroke has not been traversed by said operating rod during a current interruption by the device,
- the second fixed support member is provided with second abutment means against which the main part of the connecting means abuts at the moment when the latter has traversed the insulation stroke,
- the first fixed support member supports the third arcing contact and is supported by the second fixed support member by means of fixing means disposed along the longitudinal axis of the device, the first support member being held fixed through an insulating tie rod which is attached to one end of the device.
- a second part of the movement return means is integral in translation with the operating rod.
- a varistor is arranged in the common envelope of the breaking device and electrically connected in parallel with the contacts of the vacuum interrupter in order to limit the voltage applied to this switch, in order to adequately distribute the voltage applied to the switches respectively empty and gas when opening the cut-off device,
- a capacitor is connected in parallel with one of the switches or in parallel with each of the switches in order to obtain this adequate distribution.
Pour les applications où le dispositif selon l'invention est destiné à une utilisation comme disjoncteur de générateur pour réseau moyenne tension, les moyens de déplacement sont préférablement agencés pour que la séparation des contacts de l'interrupteur à vide se produise de façon sensiblement retardée par rapport à la séparation des contacts d'arc de l'interrupteur à gaz, afin que le passage du courant par zéro soit provoqué par l'interrupteur à gaz avant que l'interrupteur à vide ne coupe le courant.For applications where the device according to the invention is intended for use as a generator circuit breaker for medium voltage network, the displacement means are preferably arranged so that the separation of the contacts of the vacuum interrupter occurs substantially delayed by relative to the separation of the arcing contacts of the gas interrupter so that zero current flow is caused by the gas interrupter before the vacuum interrupter cuts the current.
L'invention, ses caractéristiques et ses avantages sont précisés dans la description qui suit en rapport avec les figures ci dessous.
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Dans le mode de réalisation représenté, le contact 4 mobile est introduit dans le contact 3 fixe sur une certaine distance de recouvrement quand le dispositif de coupure est fermé. Par ce recouvrement, la séparation des troisième et quatrième contacts a lieu à un instant où la tige 6 de manoeuvre a parcouru une distance déterminée dite de mise en vitesse, ce qui revient à dire que la distance de recouvrement correspond à la distance de mise en vitesse que parcourt la tige 6. Cette mise en vitesse est appliquée au contact mobile 4 de l'interrupteur à gaz et permet que ce contact 4 soit séparé du contact fixe 3 avec une vitesse relativement importante dès le début de la séparation. Quelques millisecondes après ladite séparation, cette vitesse peut atteindre une valeur suffisante favorisant l'extinction de l'arc électrique créé entre les contacts de l'interrupteur. Elle est particulièrement utile pour couper les courants dits capacitifs sans réamorçage d'arc électrique.In the embodiment shown, the
Le contact 2 est solidaire en translation d'un moyen de raccordement 13 mobile qui le relie électriquement en permanence au contact 3 fixe. Le fait d'agencer le troisième contact pour que celui-ci reste fixe dans le dispositif de coupure permet que la séparation des contacts 3 et 4 dans l'interrupteur à gaz ne dépende pas du fonctionnement mécanique de l'ensemble portant le second contact mobile de l'interrupteur à vide.The
Des moyens de renvoi de mouvement 15 sont dissociables en deux parties 16 et 17. Ces deux parties sont en appui l'une contre l'autre selon la direction axiale A par l'intermédiaire de moyens de couplage 22 prévus à leurs deux extrémités en vis à vis. La seconde partie 17 est solidaire en translation avec la tige 6, et la première partie 16 peut être déplacée en translation d'une course D déterminée dans la direction axiale A relativement au moyen de raccordement 13. Dans la réalisation représentée, cette course D est égale à la distance de recouvrement des contacts 3 et 4, ce qui revient à dire qu'elle est égale à la distance de mise en vitesse définie précédemment.Motion return means 15 are separable into two
Ces moyens de renvoi 15 peuvent aussi être réalisés par une liaison télescopique non représentée comprenant deux parties pouvant être bloquées en butée l'une contre l'autre et coulissant l'une dans l'autre pendant leur écartement dans la direction axiale, une telle liaison télescopique étant fonctionnellement équivalente aux moyens de renvoi 15 schématisés à la
Des premiers moyens élastiques sont prévus pour maintenir l'interrupteur à vide fermé, en exerçant sur le moyen de raccordement 13 et donc sur le contact 2 une première poussée qui reste supérieure à un seuil déterminé jusqu'à un instant où la tige 6 a parcouru la course déterminée D.First resilient means are provided to maintain the vacuum interrupter closed, by exerting on the connection means 13 and thus on the contact 2 a first thrust which remains greater than a determined threshold until a moment when the
A cet instant correspondant à la représentation de la
Dans le dispositif décrit, les premier et second moyens élastiques prévus pour exercer lesdites première et seconde poussées comprennent respectivement un premier ressort 20 et un second ressort 21 tous deux armés en compression et associés respectivement à des premier et second moyens de butée 14 et 19. Le premier ressort 20 est monté entre le moyen de raccordement 13 et la première partie 16, pour exercer respectivement sur ces éléments des poussées opposées -
En cas d'ordre d'interruption de courant envoyé au mécanisme de commande 8 du dispositif de coupure 5, la tige 6 doit être débloquée pour laisser la première partie 16 se déplacer en translation relativement au moyen 13 sous l'effet de la détente du premier ressort 20. Ce mouvement relatif est ensuite arrêté dès que la première partie 16 a parcouru la course D, par les premiers moyens de butée 14 qui forment une extrémité du moyen de raccordement 13 de sorte que cette partie 16 est rendue solidaire en translation dudit moyen 13 comme montré à la
Les moyens de renvoi 15 et les premiers moyens élastiques forment un ensemble de liaison qui relie le moyen de raccordement 13 à la tige 6. Cet ensemble peut être qualifié de moyens de liaison à course morte, en ce sens que ces moyens de liaison ne permettent pas au moyen de raccordement de suivre le mouvement de la tige tant que celle-ci n'a pas parcouru une course déterminée. Durant cette course D, 1e moyen de raccordement 13 reste immobile puisque les moyens de renvoi 15 ne lui transmettent pas le mouvement de la tige 6. Cette propriété se vérifie tant à l'ouverture qu'à la fermeture du dispositif de coupure.The return means 15 and the first elastic means form a connecting assembly which connects the connection means 13 to the
Le mouvement du contact 2 lors de la séparation des contacts 1 et 2 de l'interrupteur à vide 10 est assuré par le second ressort 21 semi-mobile dont une extrémité est immobile car en appui permanent contre la face de l'interrupteur à vide qui est traversée par la tige portant le contact 2. L'autre extrémité de ce ressort 21 est mobile, en appui permanent contre le moyen de raccordement 13, et exerce contre ce dernier une poussée qui reste très inférieure à celle du premier ressort 20.The movement of the
Les moyens de liaison à course morte coopèrent avec les second moyens élastiques pour déplacer la tige 6 et le moyen de raccordement 13 de façon à séparer les contacts mobiles 2 et 4 respectivement des contacts fixes 1 et 3. Dans la réalisation représentée, ils sont une partie constituante des moyens de déplacement qui permettent que les séparations des contacts 1 et 2 et des contacts 3 et 4 des interrupteurs respectivement à vide et à gaz se produisent de façon simultanée ou faiblement décalée dans le temps.The dead-link connection means cooperate with the second elastic means to move the
Les second moyens de butée 19 sont disposés de façon à arrêter le mouvement de translation du moyen de raccordement 13, dès que ce dernier a parcouru une certaine course d1 comme représenté à la
L'élément de conduction 9 fait office de contact principal pour le passage du courant permanent lorsque le dispositif de coupure 5 est fermé. La liaison électrique entre l'élément 9 et une prise de courant 33 est assurée par l'intermédiaire d'un contact glissant 17A supporté par la seconde partie 17 des moyens de renvoi 15 au niveau des moyens de couplage 22. Cette seconde partie 17 est électriquement conductrice et se déplace en translation avec la tige 6 tout en restant en contact électrique par un contact glissant 28 avec un tube conducteur 31 fixe relié à la prise 33. La première partie 16 des moyens de renvoi 15 est quant à elle électriquement isolante pour des raisons expliquées ci-après.The
Le moyen de raccordement 13 dans l'exemple de réalisation représenté est constitué d'une douille métallique à symétrie de révolution dans la direction axiale A. Les différentes parties constituant cette pièce sont référencées à la
Suite au déblocage de la tige 6, la première partie 16 des moyens de renvoi 15 se déplace en translation depuis la position représentée à la
Le mouvement de translation des moyens de renvoi 15 est transmis à la tige 6, et par conséquent au contact mobile 4 de l'interrupteur à gaz. La poussée fournie par la détente du premier ressort 20 permet d'assister le mécanisme de commande 8 pour la manoeuvre de la tige.The translational movement of the return means 15 is transmitted to the
Entre les positions représentées aux
La poussée
Dans un mode particulier d'agencement du mécanisme de commande 8 de la tige 6 qui actionne l'ouverture des interrupteurs, ladite tige est entraînée en translation par le mécanisme 8 avec une vitesse supérieure à celle qu'acquiert le moyen de raccordement 13 sous l'effet de la détente du second ressort 21. Le dispositif représenté aux
Les contacts 1 et 2 sont maintenus ouverts dans l'interrupteur à vide 10, jusqu'à l'ouverture complète des contacts 3 et 4 dans l'interrupteur à gaz telle que représentée à la
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Des moyens de retardement 18 de la mise en mouvement du contact mobile 4 sont intercalés entre ce contact et la tige 6 de manoeuvre du dispositif, de façon à ce que la séparation des contacts 3 et 4 provoquée par ladite mise en mouvement du contact 4 ait lieu précisément à l'instant où la tige 6 a parcouru la distance de mise en vitesse définie précédemment.Delaying means 18 of the setting in motion of the
La tige 6 ainsi que les contacts 3 et 4 sont préférablement de forme tubulaire dans la direction axiale A, et les contacts 3 et 4 comportent avantageusement chacun à leur extrémité un embout respectivement 3A et 4A réalisé en un matériau conducteur réfractaire. Le contact d'arc 4 comporte aussi des orifices ou ouvertures 4B pour permettre l'évacuation des gaz chauds qui sont en surpression à l'intérieur de la structure tubulaire dudit contact pendant la coupure d'un courant de défaut par les contacts d'arc 3 et 4. Les gaz en surpression sont évacués dans l'espace compris entre les moyens de retardement 18 et la seconde partie 17, puis passent dans l'espace compris entre la tige 6 et le tube conducteur 31 par des ouvertures ménagées à cet effet dans la seconde partie 17. Enfin, ces gaz subissent une dernière détente en passant dans le volume adjacent à la paroi intérieure de l'enveloppe 12 par des ouvertures ménagées à cet effet dans le tube conducteur 31. Bien entendu, d'autres agencements d'ouvertures pour l'évacuation des gaz en surpression peuvent être prévus.The
Les moyens de retardement 18 comprennent:
- un premier élément tubulaire 25 disposé dans le prolongement axial du
contact 4, solidairement raccordé à ce dernier et pouvant coulisser à l'intérieur de la tige 6 lors du déplacement de celle-ci, la distance de mise en vitesse pour la tige 6 étant définie par la course autorisée pour ce coulissement, - des troisièmes moyens de butée 23 fixés à une extrémité de l'élément tubulaire 25 au niveau du raccordement avec le
contact 4, - un second élément tubulaire 26 solidairement relié par une extrémité à la seconde partie 17 des moyens de renvoi 15, de diamètre supérieur à celui de l'élément tubulaire 25, pouvant coulisser le long des troisièmes moyens de butée 23 dans la direction axiale A lors du déplacement de la tige 6 et comportant à son autre extrémité un chapeau annulaire 27 destiné à venir en appui contre les moyens de butée 23,
un troisième ressort 24 à spires disposé selon la direction axiale A, intercalé entre les premier et second éléments tubulaires, en appui d'un côté contre les troisièmes moyens de butée 23 et d'un autre côté contre la seconde partie 17 des moyens de renvoi 15.
- a first
tubular element 25 disposed in the axial extension of thecontact 4, solidly connected thereto and slidable inside therod 6 during the displacement thereof, the speed-up distance for therod 6 being defined by the race allowed for this sliding, - third abutment means 23 fixed at one end of the
tubular element 25 at the connection with thecontact 4, - a second
tubular element 26 integrally connected at one end to thesecond portion 17 of the return means 15, of greater diameter than that of thetubular element 25, slidable along the third abutment means 23 in the axial direction A during the displacement of therod 6 and having at its other end anannular cap 27 intended to bear against the abutment means 23, - a
third spring 24 with turns arranged in the axial direction A, interposed between the first and second tubular elements, bearing one side against the third abutment means 23 and on the other side against thesecond portion 17 of the return means 15.
Dans l'exemple de réalisation représenté, les moyens de retardement 18 sont dimensionnés pour que la distance de mise en vitesse soit égale à la course D que peuvent parcourir les moyens de renvoi 15 relativement au moyen de raccordement 13, de façon à obtenir la séparation simultanée des deux paires de contacts.In the exemplary embodiment shown, the delay means 18 are dimensioned so that the speed-up distance is equal to the travel D that the return means 15 can travel relative to the connecting
Lors de la coupure du courant par le dispositif, une fois que le contact glissant 17A est déconnecté de l'élément de conduction 9 et avant l'instant de séparation des contacts 3 et 4, le courant de défaut circule du contact fixe 3 au tube conducteur 31 en passant par le contact 4, l'élément tubulaire 25, des contacts glissants 29, une portion de la seconde partie 17 des moyens de renvoi 15, et enfin les contacts glissants 28.When the current is cut off by the device, once the sliding
Pendant le mouvement de translation commune des parties 16 et 17 des moyens de renvoi 15, le contact mobile 4 est maintenu en appui contre le contact fixe 3 avec une certaine pression de contact grâce à la poussée exercée par le troisième ressort 24. Lorsque la distance de mise en vitesse a été parcourue par la tige 6, le chapeau annulaire 27 arrive en appui contre les moyens de butée 23. Le ressort 24 n'exerce plus d'action sur le contact 4 qui est dès lors entraîné en translation avec la tige 6 et la seconde partie 17. Ainsi, le contact mobile 4 n'est solidaire en translation des pièces 6 et 17 qu'à partir d'un instant donné à compter de l'instant de déclenchement du dispositif.During the joint translation movement of the
De façon analogue au dispositif représenté à la
Le volume adjacent à la paroi intérieure de l'enveloppe commune aux deux interrupteurs est dimensionné pour accueillir une varistance 32 électriquement reliée en parallèle aux contacts de l'interrupteur à vide afin de pouvoir limiter la tension appliquée sur ledit interrupteur. Ceci permet de répartir de façon adéquate la tension appliquée sur les interrupteurs respectivement à vide et à gaz lors de l'ouverture du dispositif de coupure. La répartition de la tension peut aussi être ajustée à l'aide d'au moins une capacité montée en parallèle au dispositif de coupure ou en parallèle à l'un des deux interrupteurs.The volume adjacent to the inner wall of the envelope common to the two switches is sized to accommodate a
Dans le cas d'un appareil à isolement dans l'air tel que représenté où les dispositifs de coupure en série peuvent être logés dans une enveloppe isolante verticale, il peut être avantageux de disposer l'interrupteur à vide dans la partie de l'enveloppe la plus éloignée du sol. Ceci permet d'obtenir une répartition de tension naturelle qui donne une tension sur le dispositif de coupure à gaz supérieure celle appliquée sur l'interrupteur à vide. Par ailleurs, la relative compacité de dispositifs hybrides tels que ceux représentés dans la présente peut permettre d'utiliser une enveloppe isolante existante prévue pour un interrupteur à gaz non hybride.In the case of an air-insulated apparatus as shown where the series cut-off devices can be housed in a vertical insulating envelope, it may be advantageous to arrange the vacuum interrupter in the portion of the envelope the farthest from the ground. This makes it possible to obtain a natural voltage distribution which gives a voltage on the gas cut-off device greater than that applied to the vacuum switch. Moreover, the relative compactness of hybrid devices such as those shown herein may allow the use of an existing insulating jacket provided for a non-hybrid gas switch.
La liaison électrique entre la varistance 32 et le contact mobile de l'interrupteur à vide est assurée par l'intermédiaire du soufflet métallique d'étanchéité de cet interrupteur. La liaison électrique entre le moyen de raccordement 13 et le plot conducteur formant les second moyens de butée 19 est assurée par des contacts glissants. Des orifices ou ouvertures sont prévus au niveau du raccordement entre ce plot et l'élément de conduction 9 qui entoure la chambre de soufflage de l'interrupteur à gaz, pour permettre l'évacuation des gaz chauds comme expliqué dans le commentaire de la
Des tirants électriquement isolants 30 participent au maintien mécanique de l'interrupteur à gaz dans l'enveloppe du dispositif de coupure. Ces tirants sont fixés par une extrémité sur la face de l'interrupteur à vide qui est traversée par la tige portant le contact mobile. Ils sont rigidement liés par leur autre extrémité à l'élément de conduction 9 et permettent ainsi de maintenir fixe le troisième contact dans l'interrupteur à gaz.Electrically insulating
La tige 6 de manoeuvre du dispositif est rigidement liée au contact mobile 4 ainsi qu'à la seconde partie 17 des moyens de renvoi 15. Les trois éléments 6, 4 et 17 sont donc en permanence solidaires en translation dans ce mode de réalisation.The operating
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Les dispositifs décrits précédemment aux
Dans ce qui suit, on appelle aussi volume de compression le volume de soufflage pneumatique d'appoint, étant donné que l'assistance au soufflage thermique résulte de la compression du gaz dans ce volume supplémentaire.In what follows, the volume of secondary air blowing is also referred to as the compression volume, since the assistance for thermal blowing results from the compression of the gas in this additional volume.
Comme connu de l'état de la technique, le volume de soufflage thermique et le volume de compression peuvent communiquer par des clapets par exemple à billes. Ceci permet le passage des gaz depuis le volume de compression vers le volume de soufflage thermique tout d'abord pendant une première phase de la compression, et ensuite pendant la phase finale de la compression au cas où la surpression générée par l'effet thermique seul est insuffisante pour le soufflage de l'arc. Cette insuffisance est alors compensée par un apport de gaz comprimé vers le volume de soufflage thermique. Inversement, dans le cas où la surpression générée par l'effet thermique seul dans le volume 11A est suffisante et supérieure à la surpression obtenue par compression pneumatique dans le volume 11C, il est avantageux de ne pas laisser le gaz s'échapper du volume 11A vers le volume 11C afin de ne pas diminuer l'effet du soufflage thermique. De plus, dans une réalisation d'un dispositif de coupure hybride telle que représentée sur la
D'autre part, à la fin d'une opération de refermeture du dispositif de coupure hybride, il est nécessaire de ne pas créer une dépression dans le volume de soufflage pneumatique 11C, ceci afin de pouvoir assurer correctement la compression du gaz si le dispositif doit à nouveau s'ouvrir. A cet effet, il est avantageux de ménager au moins un clapet 36 par exemple à bille dans le fond du volume de compression, ce fond étant formé par une paroi annulaire 16A qui constitue une extrémité de la première partie 16 des moyens de renvoi de mouvement du dispositif.On the other hand, at the end of a reclosing operation of the hybrid cutoff device, it is necessary not to create a vacuum in the
Enfin, le volume de compression 11C doit être étanche vis à vis du gaz de l'enveloppe du dispositif pendant la compression, de façon à ce que le gaz diélectrique sous pression soit canalisé uniquement vers les contacts de l'interrupteur à gaz pour le soufflage. Pour assurer l'étanchéité de ce volume, il est possible d'augmenter le diamètre de la paroi annulaire 9' du volume 11A par rapport à la réalisation du dispositif de la
Le volume de compression 11C peut être vu comme la somme de deux volumes partiels adjacents Vc1 et Vc2. La longueur du volume Vc1 dans la direction longitudinale correspond à la course D mentionnée sur le schéma de principe de la
Dans la réalisation précédente pour laquelle le volume de soufflage thermique est immobile dans le dispositif de coupure, la course de compression dans le volume de soufflage pneumatique est au plus égale à la somme des distances D et d1 définies précédemment. Ainsi, le volume de compression est nécessairement limité dans la direction longitudinale. Pour obtenir un soufflage pneumatique d'appoint important, il est alors nécessaire d'augmenter les dimensions radiales du volume de compression, et donc notamment d'augmenter les diamètres des parois annulaires 9' et 16A qui délimitent ce volume. Il en résulte une augmentation de l'encombrement radial du dispositif de coupure.In the previous embodiment for which the thermal blast volume is stationary in the cut-off device, the compression stroke in the pneumatic blast volume is at most equal to the sum of the distances D and d 1 defined above. Thus, the compression volume is necessarily limited in the longitudinal direction. To obtain a large supplementary air supply, it is then necessary to increase the radial dimensions of the compression volume, and therefore in particular to increase the diameters of the
Pour les applications de la moyenne tension (inférieure à 72,5kV) et en particulier celles où l'isolation entre la chambre de coupure et l'environnement extérieur est réalisée par une enveloppe métallique, il est en général possible d'avoir l'encombrement radial nécessaire au dispositif. En revanche, un tel encombrement radial peut poser des problèmes pour les applications où l'isolation de la chambre de coupure est réalisée par une enveloppe en porcelaine.For applications of the medium voltage (less than 72.5kV) and in particular those where the insulation between the breaking chamber and the external environment is made by a metal casing, it is generally possible to have the bulk radial necessary for the device. On the other hand, such a radial space can pose problems for applications where the insulation of the breaking chamber is made by a porcelain envelope.
Le dispositif de coupure hybride est représenté en position fermée. Les contacts de l'interrupteur à vide 10 sont en appui l'un contre l'autre, et les contacts de l'interrupteur à gaz sont emmanchés l'un dans l'autre. Le dispositif présente un certain nombre de similitudes avec celui représenté à la
Le volume de soufflage thermique 40A est délimité à une extrémité par une buse de soufflage 40B fixée à une extrémité de la paroi 40D, cette buse étant ainsi solidaire en en translation avec la tige de manoeuvre 6. Un contact de courant permanent 44 entoure l'extrémité de la paroi 40D et participe au maintien longitudinal de la buse contre la paroi, ce contact étant donc mobile avec la tige et la buse. La paroi 40D est conductrice et permet le passage du courant permanent depuis le contact 44 jusqu'à un élément conducteur tubulaire 45 qui est fixe et est électriquement relié à une prise de courant 33 du dispositif de coupure, cette paroi 40D pouvant coulisser de façon étanche le long de l'élément conducteur tubulaire 45 tout en restant électriquement en contact avec ce dernier. Le contact mobile de courant permanent 44 présente une portion tubulaire qui est introduite dans un contact fixe de courant permanent 43, lequel est de forme tubulaire et est électriquement relié au moyen de raccordement 13. La distance de recouvrement des contacts de courant permanent 43 et 44 est bien entendu prévue inférieure à la distance de recouvrement D des contacts d'arc 3 et 4 de l'interrupteur à gaz 40, afin que ces contacts de courant permanent puissent être séparés avant que les contacts d'arc ne soient séparés à leur tour lors d'une interruption de courant, comme ceci est représenté sur la
L'élément conducteur fixe 45 assure le maintien d'un élément d'étanchéité 41 qui a une fonction de piston fixe pour le volume de compression 40C, et qui est apte à isoler ce volume de compression du volume adjacent 42 délimité par la tige 6 et l'élément tubulaire 45. Cet élément d'étanchéité 41 est ici muni d'un clapet 41A destiné à permettre le passage de gaz diélectrique depuis le volume 42 vers le volume de compression 40C lors d'une opération de refermeture du dispositif de coupure hybride, évitant ainsi de créer une dépression dans ce volume.The fixed
La paroi annulaire 39 qui sépare les deux volumes de soufflage 40A et 40C possède des ouvertures 38 destinées à permettre le passage des gaz comprimés depuis le volume de compression 40C vers le volume de soufflage thermique 40A. Dans la réalisation représentée sur la figure, ces ouvertures 38 sont de simples passages non munis de clapets, ce qui s'avère satisfaisant dans un certain nombre d'applications. Par exemple, cette réalisation est efficace lorsque le soufflage qui est effectué par compression pneumatique pour couper les petits courants avec des durées d'arc courtes n'a besoin que d'un relativement petit complément de soufflage par effet thermique lorsqu'il s'agit de couper les grands courants.The
En variante non représentée sur la figure, les ouvertures 38 peuvent aussi comporter des clapets, comme connu de l'état de la technique et notamment du
Ainsi, après la séparation des contacts d'arc de l'interrupteur à gaz, le soufflage de l'arc est en partie effectué grâce à la compression pneumatique. On peut noter que cette compression est effectuée durant la totalité de la course de la tige de manoeuvre, à la différence des réalisations précédentes où le volume de soufflage thermique est immobile dans le dispositif. Un dispositif de coupure hybride qui comporte un volume de soufflage thermique mobile présente donc l'avantage de pouvoir couper des courants avec des durées d'arc en principe plus longues en comparaison avec un dispositif à volume thermique immobile tel que représenté à la
La course D1 que peut parcourir la première partie 16 des moyens de renvoi de mouvement 15' sous l'action du premier ressort 20 est notablement réduite par rapport aux réalisations précédentes. Ainsi, la force F20 appliquée par ce ressort varie moins pendant une opération d'ouverture ou de fermeture du dispositif de coupure hybride, ce qui permet de limiter les efforts appliqués sur l'interrupteur à vide lors de l'ouverture et de la fermeture de ses contacts. Les premiers moyens élastiques étant destinés à permettre le déplacement de la tige de manoeuvre 6 d'une course morte D, il est nécessaire que le ressort 42 puisse entraîner la tige sur une certaine course inférieure ou égale à la distance D2 représentée sur la figure, avant que le premier ressort 20 n'entraîne cette tige sur la course D1 par l'intermédiaire des moyens de renvoi de mouvement 15'. La somme des deux courses D1 et D2 doit être égale à la course morte D s'il est souhaité une séparation simultanée des contacts des interrupteurs respectivement à gaz et à vide. De plus, il est nécessaire que la force F42 soit supérieure à force F20 au moins dans la position de fermeture représentée, afin de permettre que la première partie 16 des moyens de renvoi de mouvement 15' n'ait parcouru la distance D1 seulement après que la seconde partie 17' des moyens de renvoi de mouvement 15' soit rendue solidaire en mouvement de la tige de manoeuvre.Il est possible d'agencer le dispositif de cette
De même que dans le dispositif représenté sur la
En effet, dans les réalisations de dispositifs de coupure hybride tels que représentés aux
Comme visible sur la
Les premiers moyens de butée 14' comprennent en outre un premier élément tubulaire d'appui 14'C qui est apte à être déplacé dans la direction axiale longitudinale A le long d'un élément de support fixe 50 qu'il entoure. Dans la réalisation montrée sur la figure, l'élément de support fixe 50 est constitué d'une première partie 50A qui porte le contact d'arc fixe 3 de l'interrupteur à gaz et d'une seconde partie 50B qui est maintenue fixe par l'intermédiaire d'un tirant isolant 30' fixé à une extrémité du dispositif. La seconde partie 50B maintient en place la première partie 50A grâce à des moyens de fixation 51 disposés selon l'axe A du dispositif, et est ainsi électriquement en contact avec cette dernière.The first abutment means 14 'further comprises a first tubular bearing element 14'C which is adapted to be displaced in the longitudinal axial direction A along a fixed
Le premier élément tubulaire d'appui 14'C comporte une partie annulaire qui est traversée par la ou les tiges 14'A, de sorte que chaque tige 14'A est apte à coulisser au travers de cet élément 14'C. Chaque tête 14'B d'une tige est apte à venir appuyer en butée contre cette partie annulaire une fois la course morte D parcourue par chaque tige solidairement avec la première partie 16.The first tubular support element 14'C comprises an annular portion which is traversed by the rod or rods 14'A, so that each rod 14'A is slidable through this element 14'C. Each head 14'B of a rod is able to come abut against this annular part once the dead stroke D traversed by each rod integrally with the
Le premier ressort 20 est disposé en compression entre la partie annulaire du premier élément tubulaire 14'C et la première partie 16 des moyens de renvoi de mouvement 15. Pendant la détente du ressort 20 qui provoque le parcours de la course morte D, le premier élément tubulaire 14'C reste en appui contre le moyen de raccordement 13' qui est solidaire en mouvement du contact mobile de l'interrupteur à vide, ce qui permet de maintenir l'interrupteur à vide fermé. Une fois la course morte D parcourue par les moyens de renvoi de mouvement 15 ainsi que par la ou les tiges 14'A, la détente du ressort 20 est brusquement interrompue du fait que chaque tête 14'B d'une tige vient en butée contre le premier élément tubulaire d'appui 14'C, cet état étant désigné comme la mise en butée des premiers moyens de butée 14' dans ce qui suit. Le premier élément tubulaire d'appui 14'C devient alors solidaire en mouvement de la première partie 16 des moyens de renvoi de mouvement 15, et de ce fait les premiers moyens de butée 14' cessent d'exercer toute force sur le moyen de raccordement 13', autorisant ainsi la mise en mouvement du contact mobile de l'interrupteur à vide sous l'action d'un second ressort 21. Le mouvement acquis par ces premiers moyens de butée 14' avec la première partie 16 est par conséquent indépendant du mouvement du moyen de raccordement 13', ce qui présente l'avantage par rapport aux réalisations précédemment montrées de pouvoir ajuster la vitesse de déplacement imposée au contact mobile de l'interrupteur à vide en jouant uniquement sur les caractéristiques du second ressort sans tenir compte de la masse ou de la vitesse que possède cette première partie 16.The
Avantageusement, la distance d1+g autorisée pour le déplacement du premier élément tubulaire d'appui 14'C le long de l'élément de support fixe 50 excède d'un certain jeu référencé g, aussi appelé jeu de désolidarisation, la distance de séparation d1 des contacts de l'interrupteur à vide. Il convient de rappeler que cette distance d1 est aussi la distance autorisée pour le déplacement du moyen de raccordement 13', et que par conséquent le jeu de désolidarisation g correspond à la distance qui sépare le premier élément tubulaire d'appui 14'C de ce moyen de raccordement 13' en fin d'ouverture de l'interrupteur à vide ainsi que représenté sur la
Le moyen de raccordement 13' comprend une partie principale 13'A fixée au contact mobile de l'interrupteur à vide, constituée d'un plot cylindrique de même axe que l'axe A du dispositif et muni à une extrémité d'un épaulement annulaire en regard de l'interrupteur à vide. L'autre extrémité de ce plot cylindrique peut coulisser dans une cavité cylindrique de même diamètre ménagée dans la seconde partie 50B de l'élément de support fixe 50, tout en assurant le raccordement électrique entre le contact mobile de l'interrupteur à vide et le contact fixe 3 de l'interrupteur à gaz qui est porté par la première partie 50A de l'élément de support fixe 50. Cette seconde partie 50B est munie de second moyens de butée 19' contre lesquels vient buter l'épaulement annulaire de la partie principale 13'A du moyen de raccordement 13', au moment où ce dernier a parcouru la course d'isolation d1 solidairement avec le contact mobile de l'interrupteur à vide.The connecting means 13 'comprises a main part 13'A fixed to the moving contact of the vacuum interrupter, consisting of a cylindrical stud having the same axis as the axis A of the device and provided at one end with an annular shoulder next to the vacuum switch. The other end of this cylindrical stud can slide in a cylindrical cavity of the same diameter formed in the
A cet épaulement annulaire de la partie principale 13'A est fixé un tirant 13'B qui relie solidairement cette partie 13'A à un second élément tubulaire d'appui 13'C qui constitue une partie secondaire du moyen de raccordement 13'. Ce second élément tubulaire 13'C entoure l'élément de support fixe 50 et est apte à être déplacé le long de ce dernier dans la direction axiale A. Il a pour première fonction de permettre de transmettre au moyen de raccordement 13' la force exercée par le premier ressort 20 pour maintenir les contacts de l'interrupteur à vide fermés avec une certaine pression de contact. Dans cette situation, il est en effet en appui contre le premier élément tubulaire d'appui 14'C des premiers moyens de butée 14'. D'autre part, il permet de loger le second ressort 21 entre sa surface cylindrique interne et la surface cylindrique externe de la seconde partie 50B de l'élément de support fixe 50, et comporte à son extrémité en regard des premiers moyens de butée 14' un épaulement annulaire servant à maintenir en compression le second ressort 21. Ainsi, la poussée exercée sur cet épaulement annulaire par le second ressort 21 lors de sa détente permet le déplacement de l'ensemble du moyen de raccordement 13'.At this annular shoulder of the main portion 13'A is fixed a tie 13'B which integrally connects this portion 13'A to a second tubular support member 13'C which constitutes a secondary portion of the connecting means 13 '. This second tubular element 13 'C surrounds the fixed
De même que pour le dispositif de coupure hybride haute tension représenté sur la
Ensuite, cette première partie 16 a parcouru librement une distance supplémentaire d1+g solidairement avec les premiers moyens de butée 14', du fait principalement de l'énergie cinétique acquise précédemment par cet ensemble mobile. Le parcours supplémentaire de cet ensemble est interrompu par la butée fixe formée par l'épaulement annulaire 52, ainsi que mentionné précédemment, à une position longitudinale pour laquelle le volume 11C de soufflage pneumatique d'appoint est réduit à son minimum. De même que pour la réalisation représentée sur la
Une telle butée fixe 52 n'est pas indispensable, et on peut envisager une réalisation légèrement différente dans laquelle le piston formé par la paroi annulaire de la première partie 16 arrive en butée contre la paroi de séparation des deux volumes de soufflage 11A et 11C une fois que le parcours supplémentaire d1+g de l'ensemble mobile en question a été effectué.Such a fixed
Cette
Le contact mobile de l'interrupteur à vide a parcouru la distance de séparation d1 solidairement avec le moyen de raccordement 13', ce dernier étant maintenu appuyé en butée contre l'élément de support fixe 50 grâce à la force exercée par le second ressort 21 en compression.The moving contact of the vacuum interrupter has traveled the separation distance d 1 integrally with the connecting means 13 ', the latter being held pressed against the fixed
Il est entendu que l'amélioration selon l'invention, qui permet de procurer aux moyens de liaison à course morte un mouvement de translation indépendant de celui du moyen de raccordement, peut aussi être mise en oeuvre sur des dispositifs de coupure hybride qui n'incorporent pas de volume de soufflage pneumatique d'appoint comme par exemple les dispositifs représentés aux
Sur la
De même que pour le dispositif de la
A la différence de la réalisation de la
On peut noter pour cette réalisation qu'il est avantageux que l'épaulement annulaire 52 soit positionné de façon à ne laisser qu'un très faible jeu avec le premier élément tubulaire d'appui 14'C une fois le parcours supplémentaire d1+g effectué par les premiers moyens de butée 14', ceci permettant d'éviter que cet élément 14'C ne continue son mouvement de translation en comprimant le premier ressort 20 du fait de son énergie cinétique.It may be noted for this embodiment that it is advantageous for the
Le jeu de désolidarisation g permet notamment de tolérer de légers rebonds des premiers moyens de butée 14' solidairement avec la première partie 16 à la fin du parcours supplémentaire d1+g de cet ensemble mobile. En effet, de tels rebonds d'une distance inférieure à ce jeu g n'affecteront pas le maintien en butée du moyen de raccordement 13' et ne présenteront donc pas le risque de réduire la distance entre les contacts de l'interrupteur à vide.The uncoupling game g makes it possible in particular to tolerate slight rebounds of the first stop means 14 'in solidarity with the
Dans le cas présent, le contact mobile 4 est directement fixé à la tige de manoeuvre 6 et est donc en permanence solidaire en translation de la tige. On peut noter que cette réalisation à contacts disposés bout à bout permet d'obtenir un volume de soufflage thermique 11A relativement important pour un encombrement radial limité du dispositif, mais ceci implique une réalisation sensiblement plus complexe qu'avec des contacts emmanchés comme sur la
Les moyens 18' de maintien de pression de contact sont montés sur la première partie 50A de l'élément de support fixe 50, et supportent à une extrémité le troisième contact d'arc 3' qui n'est pas ici complètement fixe contrairement aux réalisations précédentes. Ces moyens 18' sont agencés pour permettre au troisième contact d'arc 3' d'être déplacé avec le quatrième contact d'arc 4 jusqu'à la séparation de ces contacts, et d'être ensuite maintenu immobile en butée après cette séparation tandis que le quatrième contact continue sa course solidairement avec la tige de manoeuvre lors d'une interruption du courant par le dispositif.The contact pressure maintaining means 18 'are mounted on the
Dans la présente réalisation, nous qualifions de quasi fixe le troisième contact d'arc 3', puisque ce dernier n'est mobile que pendant une relativement faible partie de la course totale parcourue par le contact d'arc mobile 4. Ce troisième contact d'arc peut donc être considéré comme quasi fixe par rapport au quatrième contact d'arc. On peut noter que dans des réalisations similaires de moyens 18 de maintien de pression de contact connues de l'état de la technique, un contact d'arc quasi fixe est aussi parfois appelé contact semi-fixe.In the present embodiment, we call quasi-fixed the third arcing contact 3 ', since the latter is only mobile during a relatively small part of the total travel traveled by the moving
Pour un dispositif de coupure hybride selon l'invention, la réalisation des contacts d'arc de l'interrupteur à gaz pourra généralement faire appel à l'une ou l'autre des deux techniques illustrées dans la présente, en l'occurrence la technique des contacts emmanchés avec une certaine distance de recouvrement ou celle des contacts disposés bout à bout avec des moyens de maintien de pression de contact.For a hybrid breaking device according to the invention, the making of the arcing contacts of the gas interrupter can generally use one or the other of the two techniques illustrated herein, in this case the technique contacts fitted with a certain overlap distance or that of the contacts arranged end to end with means for maintaining contact pressure.
En effet, la distance de recouvrement Dr des contacts 3 et 4 de l'interrupteur à gaz est ici inférieure à la moitié de la course morte D des premiers moyens de butée 14'. On rappelle que cette distance de recouvrement est aussi appelée distance de mise en vitesse, en particulier dans le cas d'une réalisation équivalente où les contacts de l'interrupteur à gaz seraient disposés bout à bout. De façon générale, pour ces applications du dispositif en tant que disjoncteur de générateur, on préférera choisir une course morte D supérieure à deux fois cette distance de mise en vitesse du contact mobile de l'interrupteur à gaz.Indeed, the overlap distance D r of the
Ceci implique qu'un arc électrique se forme entre les contacts de l'interrupteur à gaz qui sont déjà séparés d'une certaine distance avant que la course morte D ne soit totalement parcourue, c'est à dire avant la séparation des contacts de l'interrupteur à vide. L'interrupteur à gaz est donc en mesure de provoquer le passage du courant par zéro avant que l'interrupteur à vide ne coupe le courant, ce qui est un avantage dans le cadre d'une utilisation comme disjoncteur de générateur.This implies that an electric arc is formed between the contacts of the gas switch which are already separated by a certain distance before the dead stroke D is completely traveled, that is to say before the separation of the contacts. vacuum switch. The gas switch is therefore able to cause the current to flow through zero before the vacuum interrupter cuts the current, which is an advantage in use as a generator circuit breaker.
Il convient de souligner qu'un dispositif de ce type doit être capable de couper des courants de court-circuit avec de fortes asymétries qui entraînent des passages par zéro du courant retardés. Le dispositif de coupure hybride représenté permet de réduire l'asymétrie du courant et de provoquer plus tôt le passage par zéro du courant, à un instant compatible avec le fonctionnement de l'interrupteur à vide.It should be emphasized that a device of this type must be able to cut off short-circuit currents with strong asymmetries that result in delayed zero crossings. The hybrid breaking device shown makes it possible to reduce the asymmetry of the current and to cause the current to be zeroed earlier, at a time compatible with the operation of the vacuum interrupter.
Les éléments constitutifs du dispositif sont pour l'essentiels similaires à ceux du dispositif des
Ainsi, la paroi formant le fond du volume de soufflage thermique 11A ne comporte pas d'ouverture. En outre, la première partie 16 des moyens de renvoi de mouvement comporte au moins une ouverture destinée à équilibrer la pression de gaz entre le volume intérieur à cette partie 16 et le volume extérieur aux moyens de déplacement, de même que dans le dispositif des
La longueur de la tige coulissante des premiers moyens de butée 14' doit être rallongée par rapport au dispositif de la
Un dispositif de coupure hybride selon l'invention permet que la phase thermique de la coupure du courant, c'est à dire la période de quelques microsecondes pendant laquelle débute le rétablissement de la tension, soit assurée en grande partie par l'interrupteur à vide du dispositif. De son côté, l'interrupteur à gaz contribue essentiellement à la tenue à la valeur crête de la tension, grâce à la relativement grande distance de séparation des contacts inhérente à ce type d'appareil en comparaison avec un interrupteur à vide. Ceci offre en particulier la possibilité d'utiliser un gaz autre que le SF6 pour le soufflage de l'interrupteur à gaz. En effet le SF6 est généralement choisi pour ses propriétés de tenue à des vitesses de rétablissement rapides de la tension pendant la phase thermique de la coupure. Puisque la tenue de la tension transitoire de rétablissement pendant la phase thermique est apportée par l'interrupteur à vide dans un dispositif de coupure hybride selon l'invention, un autre gaz ou mélange de gaz possédant des propriétés diélectriques suffisantes peut alors être utilisé dans l'interrupteur à gaz du dispositif. L'azote sous haute pression possède les propriétés diélectriques exigées en haute tension. Ne présentant pas de risques pour l'environnement il constitue une solution préférentielle pour une utilisation avec un gaz autre que le SF6. Alternativement, un mélange composé de plus de 80% d'azote et d'un autre gaz comme le SF6 présente au moins l'avantage de diminuer considérablement les risques pour l'environnement par rapport à l'utilisation de SF6 pur.A hybrid breaking device according to the invention allows the thermal phase of the power failure, that is to say the period of a few microseconds during which the voltage recovery begins, to be ensured largely by the vacuum switch. of the device. On the other hand, the gas interrupter essentially contributes to holding the peak value of the voltage, thanks to the relatively large separation distance of the contacts inherent to this type of apparatus in comparison with a vacuum switch. This offers in particular the possibility of using a gas other than the SF 6 for blowing the gas switch. Indeed, the SF 6 is generally chosen for its holding properties at fast voltage recovery rates during the thermal phase of the cut. Since the transient voltage recovery during the thermal phase is provided by the vacuum interrupter in a hybrid breaking device according to the invention, another gas or gas mixture having sufficient dielectric properties can then be used in the circuit. gas switch of the device. High pressure nitrogen has the dielectric properties required in high voltage. Not presenting risks for the environment it constitutes a preferential solution for a use with a gas other than the SF 6 . Alternatively, a mixture composed of more than 80% of nitrogen and another gas such as SF 6 has at least the advantage of considerably reducing the risks to the environment compared to the use of pure SF 6 .
Claims (18)
- A hybrid high-voltage or medium-voltage breaker device comprising:- an enclosure (12) filled with a dielectric gas and having a longitudinal axis (A),- a vacuum switch (10) disposed in the enclosure, including a first pair of arc contacts comprising a first contact (1) which is fixed and a second contact (2) which can be moved in translation in the axial direction (A),- means adapted to exert on said second contact (2) a force such that the mutual pressure between the bearing surfaces of said first and second contacts is greater than a particular value when said vacuum switch allows current to flow,- a gas switch (11, 40) disposed in the enclosure, including a second pair of arc contacts comprising a third contact (3, 3') which is fixed or quasi-fixed and a fourth contact (4) which can be moved in translation in the axial direction (A),- an operating rod (6) connected to the fourth contact (4) and adapted to be immobilized or moved in translation by operating means (8),- connection means (13') for electrically connecting the second contact (2) and the third contact (3, 3'), adapted to be moved in translation in the axial direction (A) conjointly with the second contact,which device is characterized in that it further comprises:- displacement means connected to said connection means and to said operating rod to move them to separate the second and fourth contacts from the first and third contacts, respectively, comprising dead travel connecting means connecting said connection means (13') to said rod (6), said dead travel connecting means moving the rod over a particular dead travel (D) at the same time as operating on said connection means to hold the vacuum switch closed during said movement,and in that when said dead travel (D) has been completed by said rod (6), said dead travel connecting means comprise movement transmission means (15) which cooperate with first spring means adapted to act on said connection means (13') to hold the vacuum switch closed and comprise first abutment means (14') on which said first spring means bear to exert a force on said connection means, said first abutment means (14') being adapted to cancel said force once said dead travel (D) has been completed, said dead travel connecting means are adapted to acquire a movement in translation in the axial direction (A) which is independent of the movement acquired simultaneously by said connection means (13').
- A breaker device according to claim 1, intended for use as a circuit-breaker in a high-voltage network, wherein said displacement means are such that the respective contacts of the vacuum switch (10) and gas switch (11, 40) separate simultaneously or with a short time-delay.
- A breaker device according to claim 2, wherein said movement transmission means (15) comprise two portions (16, 17) adapted to be moved conjointly, bearing one against the other, and to be dissociated after the vacuum switch (10) begins to open.
- A breaker device according to claims 1 and 3, wherein said first abutment means (14') comprise at least one dead travel rod (14'A) which is constrained to move with a first portion (16) of said movement transmission means (15) and which has at one end a head (14'B), and comprise a first tubular bearing member (14'C) which is adapted to be moved in the axial direction (A) along a fixed support member (50) which surrounds it, said first tubular member having an annular portion through which said dead travel rod passes and against which said head is adapted to abut when said dead travel (D) has been completed.
- A breaker device according to any of claims 1 to 4, wherein said displacement means comprise second spring means adapted to separate the contacts (1, 2) of the vacuum switch (10) as soon as the operating rod (6) has completed said dead travel (D) and to move said connection means (13') and the second contact (2) over a particular isolating travel (d1) relative to the first contact (1) when a current is interrupted by the device, said isolating travel corresponding to the distance of complete separation of the first and second contacts.
- A breaker device according to either claim 4 or 5, wherein said first spring means comprise a first spring (20) which is compressed between the annular portion of said first tubular bearing member (14'C) and the first portion (16) of said movement transmission means (15).
- A breaker device according to claims 5 and 6, wherein said second spring means comprise a second spring (21) compressed between a second portion (50B) of the fixed support member (50) and an annular portion of a second tubular bearing member (13'C) which surrounds said fixed support member, said second tubular bearing member being adapted to be moved along said second fixed support member in the axial direction (A) and being fastened by at least one tie-rod (13'B) to a main portion (13'A) of the connection means (13').
- A breaker device according to any of claims 4 to 7, wherein said first and second tubular bearing members (13'C, 14'C) are stationary, bearing one against the other, for as long as said dead travel (D) has not been completed by said operating rod (6) during interruption of current by the device.
- A breaker device according to claims 7 and 8, wherein said second portion (50B) of the fixed support member (50) is provided with second abutment means (19') against which the main portion (13'A) of said connection means (13') abuts when the latter have completed said isolating travel (d1).
- A breaker device according to any of claims 7 to 9, wherein said first portion (50A) of the fixed support member supports the third arc contact (3, 3') and is supported by said second portion (50B) of said fixed support member by virtue of fixing means (51) disposed along the axis (A) of the device, said second portion being fixed in position by an insulative tie-rod (30') which is fixed to one end of the device.
- A breaker device according to any of claims 5 to 10, wherein a first portion (16) of said movement transmission means (15) is adapted to be moved over a total ravel which is greater than the sum of the dead travel (D) and the isolating travel (d1) that the second contact (2) can complete.
- A breaker device according to any of claims 3 to 11, wherein a second portion (17) of said movement transmission means (15) is constrained to move in translation with the operating rod (6).
- A hybrid breaker device according to any of claims is to 12, further comprising a top-up pneumatic blast volume (11C, 40C) adjacent and able to communicate with said thermal blast volume (11A, 40A), and delimited by a fixed or mobile bottom which is adapted to be moved toward the thermal blast volume to compress the dielectric gas contained in said pneumatic blast volume during interruption of current by the device.
- A hybrid breaker device according to any of claims 1 to 13, wherein the contacts (3, 4) of the gas switch (11, 40) are nested one within the other in the closed configuration with an overlap distance which is less than or equal to said dead travel (D).
- A hybrid breaker device according to any of claims 1 to 13, wherein the contacts (3, 4) of the gas switch (11) are abutted one against the other in the closed configuration and wherein means (18) for delaying the onset of movement of the fourth contact (4) are inserted between said contact and said rod (6).
- A hybrid breaker device according to any of claims 1 to 3, wherein the arc contacts (3', 4) of the gas switch abut one against the other in the closed configuration and in that the means (18') for maintaining the contact pressure are adapted to allow one arc contact (3') to be moved with the other contact (4) until said contacts (3', 4) separate and to be held stationary after said separation.
- A breaker device according to any of claims 1 and 1 to 16, intended to be used as a generator circuit-breaker for a medium-voltage network, wherein said displacement means are such that the contacts (1, 2) of the vacuum switch (10) separate with a significant delay relative to the separation of the arc contacts (3, 3', 4) of the gas switch (11, 40), in order for the zero-crossing of the current to be caused by the gas switch before the vacuum switch breaks the current.
- A breaker device according to claim 17, wherein the first abutment means (14') of the dead travel connecting means are such that said dead travel (D) is more than twice the acceleration distance (Dr) of the mobile contact of the gas switch.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR0206911 | 2002-06-05 | ||
FR0206911A FR2840729B1 (en) | 2002-06-05 | 2002-06-05 | HIGH OR MEDIUM VOLTAGE SWITCHING DEVICE WITH MIXED VACUUM AND GAS CUT |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP1369888A1 EP1369888A1 (en) | 2003-12-10 |
EP1369888B1 true EP1369888B1 (en) | 2011-11-30 |
Family
ID=29433321
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP03291309A Expired - Lifetime EP1369888B1 (en) | 2002-06-05 | 2003-06-02 | Hybrid circuit breaker for middle or high voltage with vacuum and gas |
Country Status (8)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US6849819B2 (en) |
EP (1) | EP1369888B1 (en) |
JP (1) | JP4223865B2 (en) |
CN (1) | CN1278347C (en) |
AT (1) | ATE535926T1 (en) |
CA (1) | CA2430148A1 (en) |
FR (1) | FR2840729B1 (en) |
IN (1) | IN2003DE00771A (en) |
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DE102004029871A1 (en) * | 2004-06-16 | 2006-02-16 | Siemens Ag | Circuit breaker with an interrupter arranged within an encapsulating housing |
FR2877136B1 (en) * | 2004-10-27 | 2006-12-15 | Areva T & D Sa | TRAINING CINEMATICS IN A HYBRID CIRCUIT BREAKER |
JP4714527B2 (en) * | 2005-08-17 | 2011-06-29 | 株式会社日本Aeパワーシステムズ | High voltage high capacity circuit breaker |
FR2902923B1 (en) * | 2006-06-23 | 2008-09-19 | Areva T & D Sa | CYLINDRICAL CAM OPERATION OF A BREAKER ALTERNATOR DISCONNECTOR |
CN101842675B (en) * | 2007-10-31 | 2012-07-18 | Abb技术有限公司 | Temperature monitoring device for high-voltage and medium-voltage components |
JP4512648B2 (en) * | 2008-03-18 | 2010-07-28 | 株式会社日立製作所 | Switchgear |
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WO2011107255A1 (en) * | 2010-03-01 | 2011-09-09 | Eaton Industries (Netherlands) B.V. | A switch arrangement for an electrical switchgear |
FR2957450B1 (en) * | 2010-03-09 | 2012-04-20 | Areva T & D Sas | HYBRID CIRCUIT BREAKER USING A CLOSED RETURN SWITCH |
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DE102011079969A1 (en) * | 2011-07-28 | 2013-01-31 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | switchgear |
CN102290278B (en) * | 2011-08-04 | 2015-04-22 | 中国西电电气股份有限公司 | Arc striking device for electric switch equipment |
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US8748760B2 (en) * | 2012-06-19 | 2014-06-10 | Rockwell Automation Technologies, Inc. | Linear actuating earthing switch |
FR2996352B1 (en) | 2012-10-02 | 2014-10-31 | Alstom Technology Ltd | ELECTRIC CONTACT DEVICE OF CONTACT TYPE WITH STRONG CURRENT CURRENT |
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US9054530B2 (en) | 2013-04-25 | 2015-06-09 | General Atomics | Pulsed interrupter and method of operation |
US9460332B1 (en) | 2013-09-09 | 2016-10-04 | Apple Inc. | Capacitive fingerprint sensor including an electrostatic lens |
JP2015056239A (en) * | 2013-09-10 | 2015-03-23 | 株式会社東芝 | Circuit breaker |
RU2551360C1 (en) * | 2014-01-30 | 2015-05-20 | Открытое акционерное общество "Всероссийский научно-исследовательский и проектно-конструкторский институт электровозостроения" (ОАО "ВЭлНИИ") | High-voltage arc-extinguishing chamber |
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WO2019224975A1 (en) * | 2018-05-24 | 2019-11-28 | 三菱電機株式会社 | Gas-insulated switch apparatus |
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CN109461635B (en) * | 2018-12-29 | 2024-03-19 | 厦门大恒科技有限公司 | Sliding contact device and safety type circuit breaker |
CN110448796B (en) * | 2019-08-20 | 2022-11-11 | 江西希尔康泰制药有限公司 | Utilize supplementary therapeutical device who alleviates encephalatrophy of high potential |
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-
2002
- 2002-06-05 FR FR0206911A patent/FR2840729B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
2003
- 2003-06-02 AT AT03291309T patent/ATE535926T1/en active
- 2003-06-02 EP EP03291309A patent/EP1369888B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2003-06-02 CA CA002430148A patent/CA2430148A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2003-06-02 IN IN771DE2003 patent/IN2003DE00771A/en unknown
- 2003-06-03 JP JP2003157593A patent/JP4223865B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2003-06-05 CN CNB031330134A patent/CN1278347C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2003-06-05 US US10/454,526 patent/US6849819B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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IN2003DE00771A (en) | 2015-06-19 |
CA2430148A1 (en) | 2003-12-05 |
CN1278347C (en) | 2006-10-04 |
ATE535926T1 (en) | 2011-12-15 |
EP1369888A1 (en) | 2003-12-10 |
US20040004796A1 (en) | 2004-01-08 |
JP4223865B2 (en) | 2009-02-12 |
CN1477662A (en) | 2004-02-25 |
FR2840729B1 (en) | 2004-07-16 |
US6849819B2 (en) | 2005-02-01 |
JP2004134358A (en) | 2004-04-30 |
FR2840729A1 (en) | 2003-12-12 |
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