EP1653491A2 - Drive kinematics for a hybrid circuit breaker - Google Patents

Abstract

The breaker has interrupters (10, 20) comprising pairs of contacts (11, 12, 21, 22) in which the contacts (12, 22) are displaced along axes (AA`, BB`) respectively. An actuation unit (30) ensures displacement of the contacts (12, 22) between open and closed positions and opens the pairs of contacts (11, 12, 21, 22). The unit (30) closes again the pair of contacts (21, 22) and maintains the pair of contacts (11, 12) at open.

Description

TECHNICAL AREA

The invention relates to the field of actuation by single control of the movable contacts of two interrupt units. More specifically, the actuation of the breaking chamber and the vacuum interrupter of a hybrid circuit breaker is carried out according to the invention via a single mechanical arrangement, although the moving contacts of each of the switches follow. their own profile of movement in time, and in particular that the vacuum bulb is protected when opening the interrupting chamber.

In particular, the invention relates to a hybrid circuit breaker whose means for actuating the movable contacts allow a simultaneous opening of the breaking chamber and vacuum bulb followed by a closure of the bulb anticipated with respect to the return to service of the breaking room.

STATE OF THE PRIOR ART

A hybrid type switch device cooperates two different cutoff techniques. Such a mixed cutoff applies in particular for a switch device for high and medium voltage which comprises an empty dielectric gas switch, also called "vacuum bulb", and a switch containing a dielectric gas, called "breaking chamber".

Each of the switches comprises a pair of moving arcing contacts between a closed current passage position and an open position. Actuating means allow the movement of the contacts.

The simplest arrangement is a longitudinal alignment of the pairs of contacts, a shaft allowing separation of the contacts of the vacuum interrupter simultaneous with the separation of the contacts of the gas switch, sometimes slightly offset from the control signal opening, as described in FR-A-2 840 729.

It has also been envisaged to arrange the gas cut-off chamber and the vacuum interrupter along two inclined axes: the movable contact of the interrupting chamber is extended by a longitudinal drive arrangement on which is arranged, in permanent contact and at an angle, a longitudinal member connected to the moving contact of the vacuum bulb. A single command urges the movable contact of the translation cutting chamber along its axis, the length and the shape of the drive arrangement ensuring synchronization between the displacements of the movable contacts from a closed position to an open position and vice versa . Such an arrangement is described in EP-A-1,310,970.

However, with the known arrangements, once the movable contacts of the interrupting chamber and the vacuum interrupter in the open position, the two switches remain in this open position until a closing command has been made. Gold, in the open position, the movable contacts and the charged parts which are integral therewith form a so-called floating potential assembly likely to cause degradation of the circuit breaker, in particular when the voltage across the circuit breaker is significant. This can lead to reboots, but especially unnecessarily submits the vacuum bulb to dielectric stress.

STATEMENT OF THE INVENTION

The main purpose of the invention is to overcome this disadvantage of existing hybrid high or medium voltage circuit breakers. More generally, the invention relates to a mechanism for actuating two movable contacts adapted to follow a predetermined sequence of opening and closing contacts.

In one of its aspects, the invention proposes a hybrid unipolar or multipole circuit breaker comprising, for each pole, two switches in series, each comprising a pair of movable contacts between open and closed positions. Preferably, one of the switches is a dielectric gas breaking chamber comprising a first contact, usually fixed, and a second movable contact disposed longitudinally at a first axis and whose first contact is connected to a first terminal of a network. in which the circuit breaker is placed, the other switch being a vacuum interrupter having a fixed contact and a moving contact arranged longitudinally along a second axis and whose fixed contact is connected to a second terminal of the network. Preferably, the first axis is distinct from the second.

Actuating means provide by a single command during the opening phase of the circuit breaker, the movement between an open position and a closed position of the movable contacts, said actuating means comprising an arrangement for closing the movable contact. of one of the switches, in particular of the vacuum interrupter, thanks to said single command, while the other switch, namely the interrupting chamber, remains in the open position. In another aspect, and possibly in combination, these actuating means can be arranged to allow the closure of the switch remained open by not changing the closed position of the other.

The closure of the vacuum interrupter is performed by the same single command as the opening and closing of the interrupting chamber, thus allowing a particularly optimized control arrangement.

According to a particular and preferred embodiment, the moving contacts of the two switches move in substantially perpendicular directions.

Advantageously, the actuating means are provided with delaying means making it possible to fulfill the function of opening the vacuum interrupter a few milliseconds from that of the interrupting chamber, preferably 3 ms after the tripping control of the circuit breaker.

Preferably, a closing assistance mechanism is disposed substantially along the axis of the second switch to promote its closure while the first switch remains in the open position. This arrangement may comprise, for example, a mechanical spring independent of the actuating means as such. Moreover, means damping the closure can be provided.

According to a preferred application, the circuit breaker according to the invention consists of several envelopes, metal or insulating, filled with a dielectric gas in a controlled atmosphere.

Different embodiments of the actuating means are possible. In particular, the biasing of the second switch can be effected by means of a pawl or a ramp secured to an extension of the first movable contact in translation, or by a gear system.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The features and advantages of the invention will be better understood on reading the description which follows and with reference to the accompanying drawings, given by way of illustration and in no way limitative.

Figure 1 generally shows a hybrid circuit breaker.

FIG. 2 shows a time diagram of opening and closing of two switches of a hybrid circuit breaker according to the invention.

FIGS. 3A to 3F show an embodiment of a hybrid circuit breaker according to the invention in different positions during the opening and closing cycles.

FIG. 4 presents an alternative to the embodiment of FIG.

FIGS. 5A to 5D show an alternative to the embodiment of FIG.

FIGS. 6A to 6F show another embodiment of a hybrid circuit breaker according to the invention at different times during the opening and closing cycles.

DETAILED PRESENTATION OF PARTICULAR EMBODIMENTS

As schematized in FIG. 1, a hybrid circuit breaker 1 comprises an envelope 2. According to a preferred embodiment, the envelope 2 delimits a volume filled with dielectric gas under a controlled atmosphere. Although this is not mandatory, the envelope 2 may be composed of several parts: a chamber insulator 3 connected, via a metal cover, to a first terminal 4 of the network and a carrier-side insulator, these two parts of the casing 2 being connected to each other by an intermediate casing 6, for example metal, connected to a second terminal 7 of the network. Other configurations and materials are possible.

The illustrated circuit breaker contains only one pole, but it is clear that the arrangement described below can be repeated for each pole in the case of a multipole circuit breaker.

Inside the chamber insulator 3 is a first switch, called a gas switch, constituted by a dielectric gas interrupting chamber 10, for example SF ₆ or nitrogen or any other dielectric gas under pressure. . Such a breaking chamber 10 comprises a first contact 11, usually fixed, connected to the first terminal 4 of the network, and a second contact 12 movable longitudinally along a first axis AA 'relative to the first contact 11. This breaking chamber 10 is connected electrically in series, inside the intermediate housing 6, with a second switch constituted by a vacuum interrupter 20. The vacuum interrupter 20 comprises a contact 21, usually fixed, connected to the second terminal 7 and a contact 22 movable relative to the first contact 21 longitudinally along a second axis BB '. Preferably, the two axes AA 'and BB' are substantially at right angles to one another.

Each of the movable contacts 12, 22 is integral with a longitudinal shaft 13, 23 disposed along its axis of displacement AA ', BB'. The shafts 13, 23 connect the movable contacts 12, 22 to actuating means 30 which ensure, under the action of a single control system 40, the displacement of the movable contacts 12, 22 between an open position of each switch 10, 20, and a closed position, and vice versa. The control system 40 can act from outside the casing 2 on an insulating rod or rod 14 extending the shaft 13 of the interrupting chamber 10.

Preferably, the shaft 23 of the vacuum chamber 20 also extends beyond the actuating means 30 by a rod 24 connected to an end-of-stroke damper 25 in order to allow the movable contact 22 of the light bulb. empty 20 to close without twists.

In order to optimize the operation of the hybrid circuit breaker 1, the movement of the movable contacts 12, 22 preferably follows a time diagram as shown in FIG. 2 (in which I indicates a state of closure and O a state of opening of the contacts in the switches 10, 20).

During a tripping at t ₀ 1 hybrid circuit breaker to interrupt the current, the implementation of the control system 40 ensures the driving in translation of the shaft 13 of the arc chute 10 about its axis AA 'and translational drive of the auxiliary shaft 23 along its axis BB 'until the complete separation of the contacts 21, 22 of the vacuum interrupter 20.

Preferably, the pair of contacts 11, 12 of the gas switch 10 is arranged to have a dead stroke, defined as the distance to be traveled by the shaft 13, and therefore by the moving arc contact 12 of the gas switch 10, before its separation from the fixed contact 11. Such a dead stroke allows the contacts 11, 12 of the gas switch 10 to separate with a certain relative speed, for example of the order from 1.2 m / s to 2.5 m / s. The dead stroke is also called the relative speed-up distance of the arc contacts 11, 12 of the gas switch 10 and typically corresponds to the mutual overlap distance of the two arcing contacts 11, 12 of the switch 10 in the case of a configuration of the contacts 11, 12 tulip as shown schematically in Figure 1 .

The separations between the opening times of the vacuum bottle 20 and the breaking chamber 10, are substantially synchronized, that is to say that the contacts 11, 12 and 21, 22 separate at the same time. It is preferable that the contacts 21, 22 of the vacuum interrupter 20 open slightly after the emission of the trip control signal at time t ₀ , after a latency time of a few milliseconds, and advantageously, after the dead travel of the gas switch 10. Preferably, this opening time offset is of the order of 3 ms; however, depending on the power of the circuit breaker and the dielectric gas used in the breaking chamber 10, this offset can take a different value. Thanks to the actuating means according to the invention, it is easy to make this adjustment, as will be explained later.

Moreover, in order not to urge the vacuum interrupter 20 and to avoid it to withstand dielectric stresses unnecessarily, the actuating means 30 according to one of the aspects of the invention make it possible to close the contacts 21, 22 of the 20 after a certain delay, although the closing of the gas switch 10 is not controlled: the actuating means 30 are adapted to allow the closure of the contacts 21, 22 of the vacuum interrupter while maintaining the contacts 11, 12 of the interrupting chamber in the open position. Preferably, the movable contact 22 of the vacuum interrupter 20 is set in motion about 3 ms after the separation of the contacts 11, 12 of the interrupting chamber, and then closed again after 5 to 25 ms, for example 21 ms, after tripping time t ₀ of circuit breaker 1.

To avoid unnecessarily manipulating the contacts 21, 22 of the vacuum interrupter 20, once closed, these contacts are preferably no longer actuated on a closing maneuver of the circuit breaker, that is to say that when the control of When the gas switch 10 is closed, at time t _f, for example 100 ms after t ₀ , the contacts 11, 12 are actuated, but the contacts 21, 22 remain closed. The closure of the interrupting chamber 10 itself occurs after a latency inherent in the final spacing of the contacts 11, 12; usually, the separation path of the contacts of the breaking chamber 10 is of the order of 100 to 250 mm.

Advantageously, the same actuating means 30 comprise a kinematic drive device designed so that the control system 40 can be actuated once at time t ₀ to control the opening only, or to control the opening. opening and closing, or respectively at t ₀ and t _f , in order to perform one or the other of the predefined time cycles. Indeed, the duration between the instants t ₀ and t _f may be equal to a few hundred ms for a fast opening and closing cycle, but the opening maneuvers can be performed independently of each other over much longer periods of time.

According to an embodiment illustrated in FIGS. 3A and 3B, the kinematic drive device 130 comprises an actuator 132, advantageously in the form of a tube, cooperating with the two shafts 13, 23 connected to the movable contacts 12, 22 respectively. Preferably, the operating member 132 is connected rigidly to the shaft 13 of the gas switch 10; a passageway 134, in the form of a groove or slot, allows a fixed extension of the shaft 23, and the rod 24 when present, of the vacuum interrupter 20 to slide along the axis AA of movement of the operating member 132.

In this embodiment, the kinematic drive device 130 comprises a rod 136 fixedly connected to the shaft 23 of the vacuum bottle 20 and which can slide along the passage 134 of the actuating member 132. The movement opening of the vacuum bottle 20 is carried out via an element 138 slidably mounted in the rod 136 along the axis BB 'and cooperating with a portion 140 of the operating tube 132, said portion 140 being located in passage 134.

As illustrated in Figures 3A and 3B, the portion 140 of the actuator 132 may comprise at least one ramp or guide projecting inside the passage 134, preferably two. The ramp 140 has a portion 142 inclined relative to to the axis of displacement AA 'of the actuating member 132. Preferably, the ramp 140 is provided with two arms parallel to the longitudinal axis AA' of displacement and located on either side of the inclined portion 142 the first arm 144 located in front of the inclined portion 142 in the opening direction of the interrupting chamber 10, allows a progressive engagement with the element 138 of the rod 136 cooperating with the guide 140; Moreover, as will be apparent later, the front arm 144 also serves as a means of delaying the opening of the vacuum chamber 20, according to its dimensioning. The second arm 146 is located opposite the first and also allows to size the opening time of the vacuum chamber 20. However, a suitable positioning and a corresponding dimensioning of the length of the inclined portion 142 and its angle tilt can make one arm 144, 146, or both superfluous.

The element 138 cooperating with the ramp 140 may be in the form of at least one roller projecting laterally with respect to the rod 136. The rollers 138 are supported by an axis 148 passing through a groove 150 formed in the rod 136, so as to slide in the rod 136 along the axis BB 'of displacement of the movable contact 22 of the vacuum bottle 20. The rollers 138 are held in their rest position, in which they are likely to be engaged by the ramp 140, by means of spring means, for example a spring 152 disposed in a recess of the rod 136.

The displacement of the rod 136 is illustrated in FIGS. 3C-3F, which are purely schematic: in particular, the representation of the contacts 21, 22 is very simplified. When the control system 40 moves the shaft 13 of the breaking chamber 10, each ramp 140 is engaged with a roller 138 (Figure 3A). The first arm 144 allows the shaft 13 to continue moving while leaving the shaft 23 stationary: the rollers 138 slide along the ramp 140 in the passage 134 formed in the actuating member 132. Once the rollers 138 reach the inclined portion 142, the rollers 138 are forced away from the fixed contact 21 by the ramp 140 along the second axis BB ', and they drive the rod 136 and the shaft 23: the movable contact 22 of the Vacuum bulb 20 opens (Figure 3C). The stroke of the movable contact 22 of the vacuum bottle 20 is equal to the length of the projection of the ramp 140 on the axis BB ', for example of the order of 25 mm.

Once the roller 138 exceeds the end of the ramp 140 closest to the gas switch 10, it is no longer requested. Because, among other things, the vacuum in the switch 20, the movable contact 22 is biased towards the fixed contact 21, the shaft 23 and the rollers 138 resume their rest position (Figure 3D). Preferably, the damping means 25 (see FIG. 1) allow controlled closing of the contacts 21, 22 of the vacuum interrupter 20.

At the instant t _f of the closing command and restarting of the gas switch 10, the shaft 13 moves in the opposite direction along the axis AA '(to the right in FIG. 3E) . The face of the ramp 140 facing the switch 20 engages the rollers 138 and urges them in a closing direction of the contacts 21, 22: the axis 148 of the rollers 138 thus slides in the groove 150 along the axis BB 'of the chamber 136, and the contacts 21, 22 of the vacuum bottle 20 remain in the closed position during the closing of the breaking chamber 10 (Figure 3F). Once the end of the ramp 140 furthest from the switch 10 has been exceeded by an overtravel of the breaking chamber 10, the spring 152 brings the roller 138 back to its initial position (FIG. 3A): the circuit breaker 1 is thus ready for another cycle.

It is clear that the roller arrangement 138 is only one embodiment: for example, it is possible to replace the rollers 138 which project from the rod 136 by a sliding plate 154 as shown diagrammatically in FIG. 4 The operation is similar, with a commitment between a single guide 140 for example and the plate 154.

According to an alternative illustrated in FIGS. 5, the shaft 23 is directly connected to the kinematic drive device 230: the operating member 232 is provided with a passage 234 allowing one end 236 of the shaft 23 to slide the along the BB 'axis. The end 236 of the shaft 23 may be a protuberance larger than the passage 234, by example in the form of a pivot with rollers, or a sliding axis, or any other alternative.

Similarly (FIG. 5A), the operating member 232 is provided with a projecting portion 240 in the form of a pawl. The pawl 240 is rotatably connected to the actuating member 232 via a pivot 242. The pawl 240 may consist of a single retractable finger, or include delay means 244, similarly to the FIGS. 3 and 4. Stop means 246 arranged on the actuating member 232 allow rotation of the pawl 240 only in one direction (counterclockwise in FIG. 5) in order to be able to engage actively with the end 236 of the shaft 23, and drive in the direction of the opening of the switch 20 along its axis BB '.

When the control system moves the shaft 13 in the direction of the opening of the contact 10, the ratchet mechanism 240 is moved longitudinally with the actuating member 232 along the axis AA 'and is engaged with the sliding axis forming the end 236 of the axis 23 (Figure 5B). After a certain dead stroke equivalent to the length of the retarding arm 244 and the distance separating its front end from the sliding axis 236, the ratchet mechanism 240, blocked by the stop 246, forces the sliding axis 236 to move. longitudinally away from the switch 20 along the axis BB ', and thus causes the opening of the vacuum bottle 20. Once the sliding axis 236 has reached the pivot 242, it is no longer biased by the pawl 240. Due to the vacuum in the vacuum switch 20, the vacuum interrupter closes (Figure 5C).

Advantageously, to assist the action of the vacuum during the closing of the vacuum bottle 20, the circuit breaker comprises return means 248 adapted to move the movable contact 22 to the fixed contact 21 in order to close the bulb 20. These means may take the form of a compression spring 248 interposed between the shaft 23 and a fixed stop. The spring 248 is preferably prestressed and ensures for example a force of 3600 kN between the contacts. When opening the vacuum bottle 20 (Figure 5B), the spring 248 is compressed. Once the end 236 of the shaft 23 is free, the force of the spring 248 allows the shaft 23 to move along the axis BB ': this allows a closure of the vacuum 20 more controlled and fast, while requiring less tightness of this bulb 20.

The return means 248 can of course also be provided in the embodiments presented above (see also Figures 1 and 4). The location of the spring 248 is only illustrative: for example, it is possible to provide a return spring at the damper 25, or acting on the rod 24. In particular, as shown diagrammatically in FIG. the return spring 48 can be compressed at the end of the rod 24 by a piston, at a pressure of about 10 bars for example, and become active during a loss of pressure, which also makes it possible to gain energy at each maneuver.

Like the ramp 140, the engagement portion of the pawl 240 is calibrated so that the separation stroke of the contacts is advantageously from 12 to 25 mm, for a separation speed of 1.2 to 2.5 m. s.

When closing the gas switch 10, the shaft 13 moves in the opposite direction. The sliding axis forming the end 236 of the shaft 23 of the vacuum switch 20 is brought into contact with the upper face of the pawl 240 which bears on the abutment 246 (FIG. 5D). When moving, the pawl 240 is thus rotated about its pivot 242, in the opposite direction of clockwise in Figure 5D, while the shaft 23 of the vacuum interrupter 20 is not requested . Advantageously, the ratchet mechanism 240 comprises return means 250, such as a tension spring, enabling it to resume its initial position once the sliding axis 236 has passed. The circuit breaker is thus ready for another cycle.

These embodiments are simple to implement and use few additional parts compared to the existing actuating means. However, to completely overcome the influence of the pressure in the interrupting chamber for closing the vacuum bottle, another embodiment is possible, shown schematically in Figures 6.

The two longitudinal shafts 13, 23 are here connected by means of a gear system 330. In particular, the end of the shaft 13 is connected, via a connecting rod 332, to a first wheel 334 whose axis is perpendicular to the axes AA 'and BB' and carried by the casing of the circuit breaker. This arrangement causes a rotational movement of the first wheel 334 during the longitudinal displacement of the shaft 13 along the axis AA '. The connecting rod 332 is connected with the wheel 334 by making a non-zero angle θ ₀ between the axis AA 'and the radius of the wheel 334 passing through the articulation of the connecting rod 332 thereon. During the maximum opening of the contacts 11, 12 of the breaking chamber 10, that is to say for the maximum stroke of the shaft 13 (for example 25 mm) and the connecting rod 332, the wheel 334 is moves between the initial position (FIG. 6A) and a final position θ _m (FIG. 6E) in which less than half a turn has been made by the wheel 334. In general, the connecting rod 332 rotates the first wheel 334 of θ _m - θ ₀ = 60 ° in 20 ms.

A gear 336, in the form of a second wheel is engaged on the first wheel 334. The axis of the second wheel 336, parallel to that of the first wheel 334, is carried by the casing of the circuit breaker. The second wheel 336 is calibrated so as to rotate 360 ° about its axis at each opening cycle of the control system, that is to say to make a complete revolution when the first wheel 334 makes its maximum travel θ _m - θ ₀ . The second wheel 336 is connected by a second connecting rod 338 to the shaft 23 of the vacuum interrupter 20. Advantageously, the connection between the shaft 23 and the connecting rod 338 is effected by means of a light 340 serving as means of delay between the movements of the connecting rod 338 and the shaft 23 so as to shift the separation of the 3 ms contacts. Alternatively, the light can be located on the second wheel 336.

In addition, a non-return means 342 (FIG. 6F) is mounted on the gear 334, 336: the non-return means 342 allows the wheel 336 to rotate only during the opening maneuver and disengages the two wheels when the first makes a movement due to the closing of the breaking chamber 10.

• Lors de la course morte du contact mobile 12, la première roue 334 se déplace sur un arc [θ₀, θ_s], la deuxième roue 336 fait de 0° à α ; la lumière 340 empêche le déplacement de l'ampoule à vide 20 (figure 6B).
• Lors de l'ouverture de la chambre de coupure 10, la première roue tourne selon un arc [θ_s, 90°], la deuxième roue tourne selon un arc [α, 180°] ; l'ampoule à vide s'ouvre (figure 6C).
• Lorsque la chambre de coupure 10 continue son mouvement d'ouverture avec la première roue 334 se déplaçant entre 90° et θ_m, la deuxième roue 336 tourne entre 180° et 360°, ce qui implique un changement de sens de mouvement de l'arbre 23 (figures 6D-6E) : la différence de pression et/ou le ressort de rappel 248 de l'ampoule à vide 20 donnent l'énergie nécessaire pour fermer l'ampoule. Le surplus de l'énergie est fourni à la chambre de coupure 10 par le système d'engrenage 330.
• Pendant la fermeture du disjoncteur (figure 6F), l'ampoule à vide 20 ne bouge pas car le système anti-retour 342 empêche la deuxième roue 336 de tourner.

The second wheel 336 is at rest (when the two switches are closed) at the 0 ° position, that is to say such that the connecting rod 338 and the shaft 23 are aligned, and in which the distance between the moving contact 22 and the connecting point of the connecting rod 338 and the second wheel 336 is minimal. By calling θ _s the angle between the axis AA 'and the radius of the wheel 334 passing through the articulation of the connecting rod 332 thereon corresponding to the separation of the contacts 11, 12, the separation movement is thus decomposed :

• During the dead stroke of the movable contact 12, the first wheel 334 moves on an arc [θ ₀ , θ _s ], the second wheel 336 is 0 ° to α; the light 340 prevents the displacement of the vacuum bottle 20 (FIG. 6B).
• When opening the breaking chamber 10, the first wheel rotates in an arc [θ _s , 90 °], the second wheel rotates in an arc [α, 180 °]; the vacuum bulb opens (Figure 6C).
• When the interrupting chamber 10 continues its opening movement with the first wheel 334 moving between 90 ° and θ _m , the second wheel 336 rotates between 180 ° and 360 °, which implies a change of direction of movement of the shaft 23 (FIGS. 6D-6E): the pressure difference and / or the return spring 248 of the vacuum bulb 20 give the energy needed to close the bulb. The surplus energy is supplied to the interrupting chamber 10 by the gear system 330.
• During the closing of the circuit breaker (FIG. 6F), the vacuum interrupter 20 does not move because the non-return system 342 prevents the second wheel 336 from rotating.

Advantageously, the initial rotation of 180 ° of the first wheel 334 is in an order of magnitude of 10 ms and during this period the vacuum bulb travels 12 to 25 mm, which gives a speed greater than 2.5 m / s for an opening of 25 mm.

Of course, other arrangements are possible to achieve the actuating means. In addition, the embodiments may be combined.

Claims (30)

Hybrid circuit breaker (1) comprising: a first switch (10) comprising a first pair of contacts (11, 12) in which a first movable contact (12) can be moved along a first axis (AA ') between a closed position and an open position of the first pair of contacts, a second switch (20) comprising a second pair of contacts (21, 22) in which a second movable contact (22) can be displaced along a second axis (BB ') between a closed position and an open position of the second pair of contacts, - actuating means (30) ensuring, under the action of a single command, the displacement of said first and second movable contacts (12, 22) between a closed position and an open position, characterized in that the actuating means are adapted, during the opening phase of the circuit breaker (1), to open the first (11, 12) and the second pair (21, 22) of contacts, and then to close the second pair (21, 22) of contacts while keeping the first pair (11, 12) open. Circuit breaker according to Claim 1, in which the actuating means (130, 230, 330) comprise delay means (144, 244, 340). opening the second pair of contacts (21, 22) with respect to a trip command (t ₀ ). Circuit breaker according to claim 2 wherein the delay means are adapted to open the second pair of contacts (21, 22) after the opening of the first pair of contacts (11, 12), preferably 3 ms after. Circuit breaker according to one of claims 1 to 3 wherein the actuating means (30) are further adapted to then close the first pair of contacts (11, 12) while maintaining the second pair (21, 22) closed. Hybrid circuit breaker (1) comprising: a first switch (10) comprising a first pair of contacts (11, 12) in which a first movable contact (12) can be moved along a first axis (AA ') between a closed position and an open position of the first pair of contacts, a second switch (20) comprising a second pair of contacts (21, 22) in which a second movable contact (22) can be displaced along a second axis (BB ') between a closed position and an open position of the second pair of contacts, - Actuating means (30) ensuring, under the action of a single command, the movement of said first and second contacts movable (12, 22) between an open position and a closed position, characterized in that the actuating means are adapted, during the closing phase of the circuit breaker (1), to maintain the second pair (21, 22) of closed contacts during the passage of the first pair of contacts (11, 12 ) from the open position to the closed position. Circuit breaker according to one of claims 1 to 5 wherein the first switch (10) is a gas shutoff chamber. Circuit breaker according to one of claims 1 to 6 wherein the second switch (20) is a vacuum interrupter. Circuit breaker according to one of claims 1 to 7 wherein the first (AA ') and second (BB') axes are substantially perpendicular. Circuit breaker according to one of claims 1 to 8 comprising at least one envelope (2) within which the switches (10, 20) and actuating means (30) are located. Circuit breaker according to one of claims 1 to 9 comprising a return means (48, 248) biasing the second pair of contacts (21, 22) in the direction of closure. Circuit breaker according to claim 10 wherein the biasing means comprises a spring (48, 248) mechanical independent of said actuating means (30, 130, 230, 330). Circuit breaker according to one of claims 1 to 11 wherein the actuating means (130, 230) comprise an operating member (132, 232) fixedly connected to the first movable contact (12), and an element (136, 236) connected to the second movable contact (22) and cooperating with the actuating member (132, 232) so as to be able to move along the first axis (AA '). Circuit breaker according to Claim 12, in which the element connected to the second movable contact (22) comprises a protuberance (236) formed on a shaft (23) connected to the second movable contact (22) and extending in the direction of the second axis ( BB '), said protuberance (236) sliding in the operating member (232). The circuit breaker of claim 13 including a ratchet mechanism (240) engageable with the sliding protrusion (236). Circuit breaker according to claim 14 wherein the ratchet mechanism (240) is rotatable about a pivot (242) connected to the operating member (232) and provided with a stop (246). Circuit breaker according to one of claims 14 to 15 wherein the ratchet mechanism (240) comprises a delay arm (244) parallel to the axis (AA ') of displacement of the operating member (232), in position rest. Circuit breaker according to one of claims 14 to 16 wherein the ratchet mechanism (240) comprises biasing means (250). Circuit breaker according to claim 12 wherein the element connected to the second movable contact (22) comprises a rod (136) which supports a member (138, 154) slidably mounted along the second axis (BB '). Circuit breaker according to claim 18 wherein the rod (136) comprises return means (152) of the sliding element (138, 154). Circuit breaker according to one of claims 18 to 19 wherein the actuator (132) comprises a protruding portion (140) engageable with the sliding member (138, 154). The circuit breaker of claim 20 wherein the protruding portion (140) includes a ramp (142) inclined relative to the axis (AA ') of movement of the first movable contact (12). Circuit breaker according to one of claims 20 to 21 wherein the projecting portion (140) comprises a delay arm (144). Circuit breaker according to one of claims 12 to 22 further comprising a damper (25) for closing the second switch (20). Circuit breaker according to one of claims 1 to 11 wherein the drive means (330) comprise a gear (334, 336). Circuit breaker according to claim 24 wherein the gear comprises a first wheel (334) connected via a first link (332) to the first movable contact (12) so that the displacement of the first movable contact (12) in the longitudinal direction (AA ') causes the rotation of the first wheel (334). The circuit breaker of claim 25 wherein the full stroke of the first movable contact (12) causes the first wheel (334) to rotate through 60 °. Circuit breaker according to one of claims 24 to 26 wherein the gear comprises a second wheel (336) connected via a second link (338) to the second movable contact (22). The circuit breaker of claim 27 wherein the complete stroke of the first movable contact (12) causes the second wheel (336) to rotate through 360 °. Circuit breaker according to one of claims 27 to 28 wherein the second connecting rod (338) and / or the second wheel (336) comprise delay means (340). Circuit breaker according to one of claims 27 to 29 wherein the gear comprises a non-return system (342) such that the rotation of the second wheel (336) can only be performed in one direction.

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