EP1369888B1 - Hybridleistungsschalter für Hoch- oder Mittelspannung mit Vakuum und Gas - Google Patents

Hybridleistungsschalter für Hoch- oder Mittelspannung mit Vakuum und Gas Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1369888B1
EP1369888B1 EP03291309A EP03291309A EP1369888B1 EP 1369888 B1 EP1369888 B1 EP 1369888B1 EP 03291309 A EP03291309 A EP 03291309A EP 03291309 A EP03291309 A EP 03291309A EP 1369888 B1 EP1369888 B1 EP 1369888B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
contacts
contact
rod
gas
switch
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Expired - Lifetime
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EP03291309A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP1369888A1 (de
Inventor
Michel Tresy
Michel Perret
Denis Dufournet
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Grid Solutions SAS
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Areva T&D SAS
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
    • H01H33/02—Details
    • H01H33/04—Means for extinguishing or preventing arc between current-carrying parts
    • H01H33/14—Multiple main contacts for the purpose of dividing the current through, or potential drop along, the arc
    • H01H33/143—Multiple main contacts for the purpose of dividing the current through, or potential drop along, the arc of different construction or type
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
    • H01H33/60—Switches wherein the means for extinguishing or preventing the arc do not include separate means for obtaining or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid
    • H01H33/66—Vacuum switches
    • H01H33/666—Operating arrangements
    • H01H33/6661—Combination with other type of switch, e.g. for load break switches

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a hybrid type switch device for high or medium voltage.
  • the hybrid qualifier applies to the split that is mixed type by cooperating two different cutoff techniques.
  • Hybrid includes a switch device which comprises a vacuum switch enclosing a first pair of arcing contacts and which also comprises a gas switch comprising a second pair of arcing contacts.
  • a device of this type is known from the patent US 3038980 . It comprises a casing filled with a dielectric gas and having a longitudinal axis, inside which are disposed the two electrically connected switches in series and outside which is arranged the control mechanism of the device.
  • the mechanism for actuating the contacts of the two switches is relatively simple, in the sense that one of the two contacts of the gas interrupter is integral with a movable contact which is adjacent to it in the vacuum interrupter.
  • the other contact of the gas switch is secured to an operating rod connected to the control mechanism of the device.
  • a spring mechanism associated with a stop has the effect of keeping the contacts of the gas interrupter pressed against each other during a first part of their stroke when the device is opened, until the contacts of the vacuum interrupter are separated by a determined distance.
  • the purpose of such a sequence for the separation of the contacts of the two pairs is to be able to delay the separation of the contacts of the second pair (gas switch) compared to those of the first pair (vacuum switch).
  • the hybrid high-voltage switching device associates a gas switch provided for a standardized high voltage higher than 72.5 kV with a vacuum switch provided for a standardized average voltage of less than 52.5 kV. kV.
  • the vacuum interrupter withstands all the transient recovery voltage across the breaking device. during the separation of his contacts.
  • the vacuum switch is only intended to support a recovery voltage that remains within the limits of the medium voltage.
  • This operation involves a relatively long arc duration that a vacuum interrupter is not designed to support.
  • the general structure of the device described in this US Patent 3038980 does not allow to modify the sequence for the separation of the contacts. In particular, it is not possible with such a device to obtain a simultaneous or delayed separation of the contacts of the vacuum interrupter with respect to the separation of the contacts of the gas interrupter.
  • This device has certain disadvantages from a mechanical point of view. Firstly, it is necessary to exert sufficient force on the movable contact of the vacuum interrupter as long as the passage of the current is allowed, so as to have a mutual pressure between the contact surfaces of the contacts of this switch that is greater than a given value to resist the electrodynamic forces during the passage of the current.
  • the steering wheel of the device must therefore be provided with an elastic return system that allows to exert this force required on the movable contact of the vacuum switch.
  • the transmission of the movement of the operating rod of the gas switch to the vacuum switch is by a connecting rod whose axis is oblique with respect to the axis of translation of the moving contact of this vacuum switch. This results in significant transverse stresses on the vacuum interrupter, which can limit its mechanical endurance.
  • the invention is then aimed at preventing any bouncing movement of the moving contact of the vacuum interrupter during a current interruption by the device, in order to avoid a dielectric reboot in this switch.
  • the subject of the invention is a hybrid type breaking device for high or medium voltage according to claim 1.
  • the displacement means are arranged so that the separations of the contacts of the respectively vacuum and gas switches occur simultaneously. or slightly shifted in time.
  • a particular embodiment of the invention aims at enabling an efficient arc blow in the gas switch, including whether the hybrid switch device is intended to support at its terminals a transient recovery voltage with a speed very fast recovery as is often the case for applications at high and very high voltage, and particularly when the currents to be cut are less than about 30% of the breaking capacity of the hybrid device.
  • the hybrid cutoff device comprises a supplementary pneumatic blowing volume, adjacent to the thermal blowing volume and able to communicate with the latter, delimited by a bottom stationary or movable which is adapted to be brought closer to the thermal blast volume to compress the dielectric gas contained in the pneumatic blast volume during an interruption of the current by the breaking device.
  • the secondary pneumatic blowing volume makes it possible to obtain an arc blow in the case where the current to be cut is not large enough to generate, by thermal effect, the necessary overpressure in the thermal blast volume.
  • the displacement means are preferably arranged so that the separation of the contacts of the vacuum interrupter occurs substantially delayed by relative to the separation of the arcing contacts of the gas interrupter so that zero current flow is caused by the gas interrupter before the vacuum interrupter cuts the current.
  • the invention its characteristics and its advantages are specified in the description which follows in connection with the figures below.
  • the Figures 1 to 14 correspond to embodiments of hybrid cutoff devices operating on the principle of the cutoff device described in the application of European patent EP1271590A1 .
  • these embodiments do not incorporate improvement according to the present invention to prevent any bouncing movement of the movable contact of the vacuum interrupter. Embodiments of such improvements are described in the following with reference to Figures 15 to 20 .
  • the figure 1 is a simplified block diagram showing the main elements of a hybrid high or medium voltage breaking device in a particular embodiment, shown in the closed position.
  • the Figures 2, 3 and 4 represent successive steps of the opening of the hybrid breaking device shown in FIG. figure 1 .
  • the figure 5 represents the schematic diagram of a hybrid breaking device identical to that shown in FIG. figure 1 , except that the contacts of the gas interrupter are arranged for their separation to occur shortly before that of the contacts of the vacuum interrupter.
  • the figure 6 represents an intermediate step of the opening of the hybrid breaking device shown in FIG. figure 5 .
  • the figure 7 is an enlargement of part of the hybrid breaking device shown in figure 9 .
  • the figure 8 is a schematic representation of an embodiment of a hybrid cutoff device, the simplified schematic diagram of which is shown in FIG. figure 1 .
  • the figure 9 is a schematic representation of another embodiment of a hybrid breaking device in which the contacts of the gas interrupter are arranged end to end.
  • the figure 10 is a partial view of the hybrid cutoff device shown in FIG.
  • the figure 9 and whose varistor has been removed.
  • the figure 11 represents a subsequent step of opening the hybrid cleavage device shown on the figure 10 .
  • the figure 12 is a partial schematic representation of an embodiment of a hybrid cutoff device incorporating a supplementary pneumatic blowing volume in addition to the thermal blowing volume, in an embodiment for which the blowing volumes are fixed.
  • the figure 13 is a schematic representation of an embodiment of a hybrid breaking device in an embodiment for which the blowing volumes are movable with the operating rod of the device.
  • the figure 13a is an enlargement of part of the hybrid breaking device shown in figure 13 .
  • the figure 14 represents an intermediate step of the opening of the hybrid breaking device shown in FIG. figure 13 , corresponding approximately to the moment when the contacts of the gas interrupter separate.
  • the figure 14 ' is a schematic representation of an embodiment of a hybrid breaking device in which the first elastic means comprise two springs arranged on either side of the movement return means.
  • the figure 15 is a schematic representation of an embodiment of a hybrid breaking device according to the invention, which is functionally equivalent to the device shown in FIG. figure 12 and which has an improvement to prevent any bouncing of the moving contact of the vacuum interrupter.
  • the figure 16 represents the same hybrid breaking device as that of the figure 15 at the end of the opening of the contacts of the gas switch.
  • the figure 17 is a schematic representation of an embodiment of a hybrid breaking device according to the invention, which is functionally equivalent to the device shown in FIG. figure 13 and which has an improvement to prevent any bouncing of the moving contact of the vacuum interrupter.
  • the figure 18 represents the same hybrid breaking device as that of the figure 17 at the end of the opening of the contacts of the gas switch.
  • the figure 19 is a schematic representation of another embodiment of a hybrid breaking device according to the invention, in an embodiment for which the contacts of the gas switch are arranged end to end.
  • the figure 20 is a schematic representation of another embodiment of a hybrid breaking device according to the invention, in an embodiment for which the device is intended for use as a generator circuit breaker.
  • the hybrid breaking device 5 shown is generally symmetrical about an axis A. It comprises a vacuum switch 10 enclosing a first pair of arcing contacts 1 and 2. A first contact 1 is fixed and is connected permanently at an end crossing 7 of the device 5. A second contact 2 is movable in the axial direction A.
  • the device also comprises a gas switch 11 electrically connected in series with the vacuum switch. This gas switch comprises a second pair of arcing contacts consisting of a third and a fourth contact 3 and 4.
  • the third contact 3 is fixed in the envelope 12 by means of holding means shown in FIGS. figures 8 and 9 .
  • the fourth contact 4 is movable in the axial direction A and integral with a rod 6 maneuver connected to the control mechanism 8 of the device 5.
  • the two switches 10 and 11 are arranged in a casing 12 common filled with a dielectric gas.
  • the movable contact 4 is introduced into the fixed contact 3 over a certain overlap distance when the cut-off device is closed.
  • speeding a determined distance
  • This velocity is applied to the movable contact 4 of the gas switch and allows this contact 4 to be separated from the fixed contact 3 with a relatively high speed from the beginning of the separation. A few milliseconds after said separation, this speed can reach a sufficient value favoring the extinction of the electric arc created between the contacts of the switch. It is particularly useful for cutting so-called capacitive currents without electric arc striking.
  • the contact 2 is integral in translation with a movable connection means 13 which electrically connects it permanently to the fixed contact 3.
  • the fact of arranging the third contact so that it remains fixed in the cutoff device allows the separation of the contacts 3 and 4 in the gas switch does not depend on the mechanical operation of the assembly bearing the second movable contact of the vacuum switch.
  • Motion return means 15 are separable into two parts 16 and 17. These two parts are supported against each other in the axial direction A by means of coupling means 22 provided at their two ends screwed together. to screw.
  • the second part 17 is integral in translation with the rod 6, and the first part 16 can be displaced in translation with a stroke D determined in the axial direction A relative to the connection means 13. In the embodiment shown, this stroke D is equal to the overlap distance of the contacts 3 and 4, which is to say that it is equal to the speed setting distance defined above.
  • return means 15 may also be made by a telescopic link (not shown) comprising two parts that can be locked in abutment against one the other and sliding one into the other during their spacing in the axial direction, such a telescopic link being functionally equivalent to the return means 15 shown schematically in FIG. figure 1 .
  • a telescopic link (not shown) comprising two parts that can be locked in abutment against one the other and sliding one into the other during their spacing in the axial direction, such a telescopic link being functionally equivalent to the return means 15 shown schematically in FIG. figure 1 .
  • a telescopic link being functionally equivalent to the return means 15 shown schematically in FIG. figure 1 .
  • such an embodiment may have disadvantages due to the increase in moving masses.
  • First resilient means are provided to maintain the vacuum interrupter closed, by exerting on the connection means 13 and thus on the contact 2 a first thrust which remains greater than a determined threshold until a moment when the rod 6 has traveled the determined race D.
  • the first and second elastic means provided for exerting said first and second thrusts comprise respectively a first spring 20 and a second spring 21 both armed in compression and associated respectively with first and second abutment means 14 and 19.
  • the first spring 20 is mounted between the connecting means 13 and the first part 16, for exerting opposite thrusts on these elements respectively. F 20 ⁇ and F 20 ⁇ .
  • the closed position of the cut-off device 5 is ensured thanks to the locking of the movement of the rod 6 by the control mechanism 8, which makes it possible to keep the two parts 16 and 17 stationary against each other and also to maintain a certain pressure on the contacts 1 and 2 through the first spring 20 associated with the connecting means 13. This contact pressure allows the switch to ensure the passage of a fault current, and depends on the value of the current fault to bear.
  • the rod 6 In the case of an order of interruption of current sent to the control mechanism 8 of the cut-off device 5, the rod 6 must be unlocked to allow the first part 16 to move in translation relative to the means 13 under the effect of the expansion of the first spring 20. This relative movement is then stopped as soon as the first part 16 has traveled the race D, by the first abutment means 14 which form an end of the connecting means 13 so that this part 16 is secured in translation of said average 13 as shown in the figure 2 .
  • the return means 15 and the first elastic means form a connecting assembly which connects the connection means 13 to the rod 6.
  • This assembly can be described as dead link means, in that these connecting means do not allow not by means of connection to follow the movement of the rod as long as it does not traveled a determined race.
  • the connecting means 13 remains stationary since the return means 15 do not transmit the movement of the rod 6. This property is true both at the opening and closing of the cutoff device.
  • the movement of the contact 2 during the separation of the contacts 1 and 2 of the vacuum interrupter 10 is ensured by the second semi-mobile spring 21, one end of which is stationary because it bears permanently against the face of the vacuum interrupter. is traversed by the rod bearing the contact 2.
  • the other end of this spring 21 is movable, permanently supported against the connecting means 13, and exerts against it a thrust which remains much lower than that of the first spring 20.
  • the dead-link connection means cooperate with the second elastic means to move the rod 6 and the connecting means 13 so as to separate the movable contacts 2 and 4 respectively from the fixed contacts 1 and 3.
  • they are a constituent part of the displacement means which allow that the separations of the contacts 1 and 2 and the contacts 3 and 4 of the respectively vacuum and gas switches occur simultaneously or slightly shifted in time.
  • the second stop means 19 are arranged so as to stop the translation movement of the connecting means 13, as soon as the latter has traveled a certain distance d 1 as shown in FIG. figure 3 .
  • These abutment means 19 are electrically and mechanically connected to the fixed contact 3, and advantageously participate in the electrical connection between the contacts 2 and 3. They consist here of a cylindrical stud of axis A, which is introduced into a tubular part hollow of the movable connecting means 13 which can thus slide in the axial direction A. They are also electrically and mechanically connected to a conduction element 9 which surrounds and maintains a blowing chamber arranged in the axial direction A. In known manner, this chamber comprises a thermal blowing volume 11A and a blowing nozzle 11B. The blowing nozzle 11B is intended to blow an electric arc between the contacts of the gas switch by thermal expansion of the dielectric gas contained in this blowing volume 11A.
  • the conduction element 9 acts as the main contact for the passage of the permanent current when the cut-off device 5 is closed.
  • the electrical connection between the element 9 and a plug 33 is provided by means of a sliding contact 17A supported by the second part 17 of the return means 15 at the coupling means 22.
  • This second part 17 is electrically conductive and moves in translation with the rod 6 while remaining in electrical contact by a sliding contact 28 with a fixed conductive tube 31 connected to the socket 33.
  • the first part 16 of the return means 15 is itself electrically insulating for reasons explained below.
  • connection means 13 in the exemplary embodiment shown is constituted by a metal sleeve with symmetry of revolution in the axial direction A.
  • the various parts constituting this part are referenced to FIG. figure 2 .
  • the sleeve comprises a hollow tubular portion 13A which has at its open end a first annular shoulder which constitutes the first stop means 14.
  • This hollow portion 13A comprises a bottom 13C intended to bear against the cylindrical stud constituting the second stop means 19.
  • the sleeve also comprises a cylindrical portion 13B in which is formed an annular housing 13D open to the vacuum switch 10 and for housing the second spring 21.
  • the wall 13E which surrounds this housing 13D has at its end a second shoulder 13F ring to maintain the first spring 20 abutting.
  • the spring 20 is permanently compressed between this shoulder 13F and an annular wall 16A which constitutes an end of the first portion 16.
  • the inside diameter of this wall 16A is substantially equal to the outside diameter of the tubular portion 13A of the sleeve 13, so that the portion 16 can slide along the sleeve in the axial direction A.
  • the first part 16 of the return means 15 moves in translation from the position shown in FIG. figure 1 to that of the figure 2 . It pushes in its movement the second part 17, and the sliding contact 17A is provided to separate from the conduction element 9 so that the fault current passes exclusively through the arcing contacts 3 and 4 in the gas switch 11.
  • the first part 16 is electrically insulating or at least makes it possible to electrically isolate between them the connection means 13 and the second part 17 which is conductive. Indeed, if this part 16 was entirely conductive, there would be arcing between the parts 16 and 17 after the sliding contact 17A is disconnected from the conduction element 9.
  • the translational movement of the return means 15 is transmitted to the rod 6, and therefore to the moving contact 4 of the gas switch.
  • the thrust provided by the expansion of the first spring 20 serves to assist the control mechanism 8 for the operation of the rod.
  • the device is represented at the moment when the annular wall 16A of the first part 16 comes into abutment against the first stop means 14, after having traveled the distance D.
  • the movable contact 4 has simultaneously traveled the distance D in the switch to gas, and is about to be separated from the fixed contact 3.
  • the thrust - F 20 ⁇ the first spring 20 can no longer act effectively on the connecting means 13 to maintain the pressure on the contact 2, and the thrust of the second spring 21 is free to act on this means 13 for its translation.
  • the movable contact 2 in the vacuum switch 10 is then about to be separated from the fixed contact 1, simultaneously with the separation of the contacts 3 and 4 in the gas switch.
  • the connecting means 13 is set in motion by the expansion of the second spring 21 which permanently exerts on this means 13 a thrust F 21 ⁇ represented at figure 3 .
  • This setting in motion causes on the one hand the displacement of the second contact 2 to open the vacuum switch 10, on the other hand the continuation of the translational movement of the return means 15.
  • FIG. 3 The movement of the contact 2 is intended to be stopped as soon as the latter is completely separated from the contact 1 in the vacuum interrupter 10.
  • the complete separation is performed when the movable contact 2 is separated from the fixed contact 1 by a distance d insulation in the determined vacuum, for example of the order of 15 mm.
  • the movement of the connecting means 13 is stopped by the second stop means 19 which are arranged in such a way that the stroke d 1 traversed by this means 13 is equal to the insulation distance corresponding to the complete separation. contacts 1 and 2.
  • insulation stroke this race d 1 also called insulation stroke this race d 1 .
  • the thrust F 21 ⁇ of the second spring 21 is provided sufficient to initially provide the energy required for the displacement of the contact 2 and the parts 13 and 16 integral in translation, and in a second time maintain the contacts 1 and 2 open as shown in FIG. figure 3 .
  • this pressure is well below that in standard F 20 of the first spring 20.
  • F 20 decreases between times corresponding to Figures 1 and 2 while F 21 is stable at its maximum, F 20 remaining high enough to satisfy the condition F 20 > F 21 + S.
  • the contacts 1 and 2 are kept open in the vacuum interrupter 10 until the contacts 3 and 4 are fully open in the gas interrupter as shown in FIG. figure 4 where these contacts are separated by a certain insulation distance d 2 at the end of travel of the movable contact 4.
  • This distance d 2 is much greater than the insulation stroke d 1 mentioned for the vacuum switch, since d 2 is generally between 80 and 200 mm for most blow gas switches.
  • the figure 5 represents the schematic diagram of a device identical to that shown in figure 1 except that the contacts of the gas interrupter are arranged for their separation to occur shortly before that of the contacts of the vacuum interrupter. To obtain such an early separation of the contacts of the gas switch, it is sufficient that the overlap distance of these contacts is somewhat lower than the stroke D defined above, when the cut-off device is closed. There is therefore a recovery distance, in other words a speed-up distance for the rod 6, equal to D- ⁇ with the distance ⁇ which is a function of the desired time offset for this anticipated separation.
  • the figure 7 is an enlarged partial view of the hybrid cutoff device shown in FIG. figure 9 , in closed position.
  • This view shows a second embodiment of a cut-off device, in which the contacts 3 and 4 of the gas switch 11 are held in abutment against each other with a certain contact pressure provided by means resilient to withstand electrodynamic forces during current flow.
  • Delaying means 18 of the setting in motion of the movable contact 4 are interposed between this contact and the operating rod 6 of the device, so that the separation of the contacts 3 and 4 caused by said setting in motion of the contact 4 has precisely at the moment when the rod 6 has traveled the speed-up distance defined previously.
  • the rod 6 and the contacts 3 and 4 are preferably of tubular form in the axial direction A, and the contacts 3 and 4 advantageously each comprise at their end a tip respectively 3A and 4A made of a refractory conductive material.
  • the arc contact 4 also includes orifices or openings 4B to allow the evacuation of hot gases which are overpressurized inside the tubular structure of said contact during the breaking of a fault current by the arcing contacts 3 and 4.
  • the overpressurized gases are discharged into the space between the delay means 18 and the second part 17, then pass into space between the rod 6 and the conductive tube 31 through openings provided for this purpose in the second part 17. Finally, these gases undergo a final expansion by passing through the volume adjacent to the inner wall of the casing 12 by openings arranged for this purpose in the conductive tube 31.
  • other arrangements of openings for the evacuation of gases under pressure can be provided.
  • the delay means 18 are dimensioned so that the speed-up distance is equal to the travel D that the return means 15 can travel relative to the connecting means 13, so as to obtain the separation simultaneous two pairs of contacts.
  • the movable contact 4 is held in abutment against the fixed contact 3 with a certain contact pressure due to the thrust exerted by the third spring 24.
  • the annular cap 27 comes into abutment against the abutment means 23.
  • the spring 24 has no action on the contact 4 which is then driven in translation with the rod 6 and the second part 17.
  • the mobile contact 4 is integral in translation of the parts 6 and 17 only from a given instant from the moment of triggering of the device.
  • the operation of the device is here provided to obtain the separation of the contacts 3 and 4 in the gas switch simultaneously with that of the contacts 1 and 2 in the vacuum switch.
  • Figure 8 schematically an embodiment of a hybrid breaking device whose simplified block diagram is shown in FIG. figure 1 .
  • the contacts of the gas interrupter are fitted into each other with a certain overlap distance when the breaking device is closed, as well as at the figure 1 .
  • the volume adjacent to the inner wall of the envelope common to the two switches is sized to accommodate a varistor 32 electrically connected in parallel with the contacts of the vacuum interrupter so as to limit the voltage applied to said switch. This makes it possible to adequately distribute the voltage applied to the respectively vacuum and gas switches during the opening of the cut-off device.
  • the distribution of the voltage can also be adjusted using at least one capacitor connected in parallel with the breaking device or in parallel with one of the two switches.
  • the series cut-off devices can be housed in a vertical insulating envelope
  • the vacuum interrupter in the portion of the envelope the farthest from the ground. This makes it possible to obtain a natural voltage distribution which gives a voltage on the gas cut-off device greater than that applied to the vacuum switch.
  • the relative compactness of hybrid devices such as those shown herein may allow the use of an existing insulating jacket provided for a non-hybrid gas switch.
  • the electrical connection between the varistor 32 and the movable contact of the vacuum switch is provided by means of the metal bellows sealing this switch.
  • the electrical connection between the connection means 13 and the conductive pad forming the second stop means 19 is provided by sliding contacts. Orifices or apertures are provided at the connection between this stud and the conduction element 9 which surrounds the blast chamber of the gas switch, to allow the evacuation of the hot gases as explained in the commentary of the figure 7 .
  • Such openings are also provided in the first and second parts 16 and 17 of the return means 15, as well as in the conductive tube in which the second part can slide.
  • Electrically insulating rods 30 participate in the mechanical maintenance of the gas switch in the casing of the cut-off device. These tie rods are fixed by a end on the face of the vacuum switch which is traversed by the rod carrying the movable contact. They are rigidly connected at their other end to the conduction element 9 and thus make it possible to hold the third contact in the gas switch.
  • the operating rod 6 of the device is rigidly connected to the movable contact 4 and the second portion 17 of the return means 15.
  • the three elements 6, 4 and 17 are permanently integral in translation in this embodiment.
  • the figure 9 is a schematic representation of another embodiment of a hybrid closed-off device in which the contacts of the gas interrupter are arranged end-to-end. Many elements are identical to those used for the embodiment shown in FIG. figure 8 . However, the different structure of the contacts of the gas switch means that the drive of the movable contact of this switch can be made as directly as for the embodiment where these contacts are fitted. In order to respect the desired sequence of opening of the switches, delay means 18 as detailed in FIG. figure 7 are provided to delay the setting in motion of said movable contact. These means allow the rod 6 to travel the speeding distance as explained above, and thus allow the movable contact 4 to be driven by the rod 6 with a high speed at the beginning of the separation of the contacts of the switch. empty, as in the embodiment with fitted contacts.
  • the figure 11 shows the device of the figure 10 at a moment corresponding to the stage of figure 2 .
  • Figure 12 a hybrid high-voltage cut-off device incorporates a supplementary pneumatic blowing volume 11C in addition to the thermal blowing volume 11A, in an embodiment for which this thermal blast volume is motionless.
  • a supplementary pneumatic blowing volume 11C in addition to the thermal blowing volume 11A, in an embodiment for which this thermal blast volume is motionless.
  • a large number of parts of the device are common with the device shown in FIG. figure 9 , and in particular the contacts of the gas switch are arranged end to end in the closed position.
  • the main changes to be made to the scheme of the figure 9 for the addition of the additional pneumatic blowing volume are on the conductive wall 9 'which forms the bottom of the volume of thermal blowing 11A and on the first part 16 of the movement of the device return means.
  • the volume of secondary air blowing is also referred to as the compression volume, since the assistance for thermal blowing results from the compression of the gas in this additional volume.
  • the thermal blowing volume and the compression volume can communicate by valves for example ball.
  • This allows the passage of gases from the compression volume to the thermal blowing volume firstly during a first phase of the compression, and then during the final phase of the compression in case the overpressure generated by the thermal effect alone is insufficient for blowing the arc.
  • This deficiency is then compensated by a supply of compressed gas to the thermal blowing volume.
  • the overpressure generated by the thermal effect alone in the volume 11A is sufficient and greater than the overpressure obtained by pneumatic compression in the volume 11C, it is advantageous not to let the gas escape from the volume 11A to volume 11C so as not to diminish the effect of thermal blowing.
  • valves 35 are formed in the wall 9 'of the volume 11A to provide the desired functions of unidirectional gas passage or insulation of the two blowing volumes as a function of the breaking of the respectively weak or strong currents.
  • At the end of a reclosing operation of the hybrid cutoff device it is necessary not to create a vacuum in the pneumatic blowing volume 11C, in order to be able to properly compress the gas if the device must open again.
  • at least one valve 36 for example a ball valve, in the bottom of the compression volume, this bottom being formed by an annular wall 16A which constitutes an end of the first part 16 of the movement return means of the device.
  • the compression volume 11C must be tight against the gas of the device casing during compression, so that the dielectric gas under pressure is channeled only to the contacts of the gas switch for blowing. .
  • the compression volume 11C can be seen as the sum of two adjacent partial volumes Vc 1 and Vc 2 .
  • the length of the volume Vc 1 in the longitudinal direction corresponds to the stroke D mentioned on the schematic diagram of the figure 1 which means that the compression volume 11C will be reduced to the volume Vc 2 when the first part 16 of the return means has traveled this stroke D at a time which will correspond to the beginning of the separation of the contacts of the gas switch. Then, the volume 11C will continue to be compressed during the opening of the contacts of the vacuum switch under the action of the second spring 21, since the first portion 16 of the return means will then be integral in motion of the movable contact of the vacuum switch and continue to approach the annular wall 9 '.
  • the compression stroke in the pneumatic blast volume is at most equal to the sum of the distances D and d 1 defined above.
  • the compression volume is necessarily limited in the longitudinal direction.
  • FIG 13 a particular embodiment of a pneumatic blow-off hybrid device is shown schematically. This embodiment differs significantly from the previous ones in that the thermal blast 40A and pneumatic 40C volumes of the gas switch 40 are movable with the operating rod 6 of the device.
  • the hybrid cutoff device is shown in the closed position.
  • the contacts of the vacuum interrupter 10 are in contact with each other, and the contacts of the gas interrupter are pushed into one another.
  • the device has a number of similarities with the one shown in figure 8 .
  • the vacuum switch 10, the connecting means 13, and the first and second elastic means may be identical in both embodiments.
  • FIG 13a part of the device of the figure 19 centered on the gas switch 40 is shown in enlargement.
  • the movement return means 15 comprise two parts 16 and 17 which are movable together in support against each other and able to be dissociated after the beginning of the opening of the vacuum switch.
  • the second part 17 is integral in translation with the operating rod 6, because this part 17 is fixed to the periphery of a cylindrical wall approximately 40D tubal which carries out the separation between the two blowing volumes 40A and 40C and the gas contained in the device envelope.
  • This wall 40D is indeed fixedly connected to the actuating rod by means of an annular wall 39 which separates the two blowing volumes.
  • the thermal blast volume 40A is delimited at one end by a blast nozzle 40B attached to one end of the wall 40D, this nozzle thus being integral in translation with the operating rod 6.
  • a permanent current contact 44 surrounds the end of the wall 40D and participates in the longitudinal retention of the nozzle against the wall, this contact being movable with the rod and the nozzle.
  • the wall 40D is conductive and allows the passage of the permanent current from the contact 44 to a tubular conductive element 45 which is fixed and is electrically connected to a current socket 33 of the cut-off device, this wall 40D being able to slide in a sealed manner along the tubular conductive member 45 while remaining electrically in contact therewith.
  • the permanent current movable contact 44 has a tubular portion which is introduced into a permanent current fixed contact 43, which is of tubular form and is electrically connected to the connection means 13.
  • the overlap distance of the permanent current contacts 43 and 44 Of course, this is less than the overlap distance D of the arcing contacts 3 and 4 of the gas interrupter 40 so that these permanent current contacts can be separated before the arcing contacts are separated in their turn. during a power interruption, as shown on the figure 14 .
  • the fixed conductive element 45 maintains a sealing element 41 which has a fixed piston function for the compression volume 40C, and which is able to isolate this compression volume from the adjacent volume 42 delimited by the rod 6. and the tubular element 45.
  • This sealing element 41 is here provided with a valve 41A intended to allow the passage of dielectric gas from the volume 42 to the compression volume 40C during a reclosing operation of the breaking device hybrid, thus avoiding creating a depression in this volume.
  • the annular wall 39 which separates the two blast volumes 40A and 40C has openings 38 for allowing the passage of the compressed gases from the compression volume 40C to the blast volume 40A.
  • these openings 38 are simple passages without valves, which proves satisfactory in a number of applications.
  • this realization is effective when the blowing which is carried out by pneumatic compression to cut the small currents with short arc durations only needs a relatively small complement of blowing by thermal effect when it comes to cutting large currents.
  • the openings 38 may also include valves, as known from the state of the art and in particular the FR2751782 .
  • the sealing element 41 may be provided with a valve intended to limit the overpressure in the compression volume by allowing the passage of the gases under pressure to the volume 42.
  • FIG 14 the hybrid cut-off device Figures 13 and 13a is shown at an intermediate stage of its opening, corresponding approximately to the moment when the contacts 3 and 4 of the gas switch separate, that is to say when the movable contact 4 which is integral in motion of the operating rod has traveled the lap distance D.
  • the annular wall 39 which separates the two blowing volumes has moved from the same distance D to the fixed piston of the compression volume 40C, which allows compressed dielectric gas to pass into the thermal blowing volume as represented by an arrow in the figure.
  • the blowing of the arc is partly carried out by pneumatic compression. It may be noted that this compression is performed during the entire stroke of the operating rod, unlike previous embodiments where the thermal blast volume is immobile in the device.
  • a hybrid cut-off device which comprises a mobile thermal blast volume therefore has the advantage of being able to cut off currents with arc durations that are in principle longer in comparison with a device with an immobile thermal volume as represented in FIG. figure 12 .
  • the longitudinal dimension of the compression volume 40C is not limited by the dead stroke D as before, which makes it possible to obtain a satisfactory compression volume without having to increase the radial dimension of this volume.
  • Mobile thermal volume devices are therefore well suited to applications where the insulation of the interrupting chamber is made by a porcelain shell, and in general to high voltage applications greater than about 100kV.
  • FIG. figure 14 a hybrid breaking device is shown in an embodiment similar to that shown in FIG. figure 14 while being relatively more complex. Indeed, although most elements of this device are common with the previous device, some modifications and additional elements have been made.
  • the first resilient means comprise in addition to the first spring 20 another spring 42, these two springs being arranged on either side of the movement return means 15 '.
  • the spring 42 is interposed between the second part 17 'of the means of movement return 15 'and the tubular casing of the compression volume 40C.
  • the two springs 20 and 42 cooperate so that the operating rod 6 can be displaced from the dead stroke D while maintaining a certain pressure between the contacts of the vacuum interrupter.
  • the first spring 20 performs the function of maintaining this pressure, because a fixed tie rod 46 provided with an end stop allows the locking in translation of the second portion 17 'to prevent the force F 42 applied by the spring 42 is not added to the force F 20 applied by the first spring 20.
  • the stroke D1 that can travel the first part 16 of the movement return means 15 'under the action of the first spring 20 is significantly reduced compared to previous achievements.
  • the force F applied by the spring 20 varies less during an operation of opening or closing the hybrid breaker device, thereby limiting the forces applied to the vacuum interrupter during opening and closing of his contacts.
  • the first elastic means being intended to allow the displacement of the operating rod 6 of a dead stroke D, it is necessary that the spring 42 can drive the rod over a certain stroke less than or equal to the distance D2 shown in the figure, before the first spring 20 causes this rod on the race D1 via the movement return means 15 '.
  • the sum of the two races D1 and D2 must be equal to the dead travel D if it is desired a simultaneous separation of the contacts of the switches respectively gas and vacuum.
  • the force F 42 is greater than the force F 20 at least in the closed position shown, in order to allow the first part 16 of the movement return means 15 'to have traveled the distance D1 only.
  • the second portion 17 'of the movement return means 15' is made integral in motion of the operating rod.It is possible to arrange the device of this figure 14 ' to have a relatively small distance D1 in front of the distance D2, which makes it possible to limit the stroke of the first part 16 of the movement return means 15 '.
  • FIG 15 an embodiment of a hybrid breaking device according to the invention is shown schematically.
  • This embodiment is functionally equivalent to the device represented on the figure 12 , because the respectively thermal 11A and 11C pneumatic blow volumes are fixed. It involves in relation to the device of the figure 12 an improvement which makes it possible to prevent any bouncing movement of the moving contact of the vacuum interrupter, in order to avoid a dielectric reboot in this switch.
  • dead link means are arranged to allow a displacement of the rod 6 which carries the movable contact 4 of the gas switch, while the vacuum switch is kept closed during this movement corresponding to a dead stroke D They include movement return means 15 which cooperate with a first spring 20 adapted to act on a connection means for holding the vacuum switch closed. But unlike the device of the figure 12 , the dead link means are here able to acquire a translation movement which is independent of the movement acquired simultaneously by the connecting means 13 '.
  • the first part 16 of the movement return means becomes integral in movement of the connection means 13 once the dead travel D or D1 traveled by this part 16.
  • the connecting means 13 is necessarily integral in movement with the movable contact of the Vacuum switch
  • the rebound of the part 13 involves a similar rebound of the movable contact relative to the fixed contact. This is not acceptable because the distance between the contacts of the vacuum switch is then substantially reduced in the phase corresponding to the beginning of the separation process of these contacts, which is likely to cause a dielectric reboot in this switch .
  • the dead-link connection means comprise first abutment means 14 'on which the first spring 20 bears to exert a force on the connecting means 13'.
  • a single rod 14'A is shown in the figure for the sake of clarity, but it is understood that several similar rods may be attached to the first part 16, for example arranged equidistantly between them along a circle centered on the axis longitudinal A of the device. Each rod then has the same length as the single rod shown, and comprises one end a similar 14'B head.
  • a rod 14'A may also consist of an angular portion of a tubular element whose axis coincides with the axis A of the device, and a head 14'B may then have the shape of an angular portion of an annular element centered on this axis A.
  • the first abutment means 14 'further comprises a first tubular bearing element 14'C which is adapted to be displaced in the longitudinal axial direction A along a fixed support member 50 which it surrounds.
  • the fixed support member 50 consists of a first portion 50A which carries the fixed arc contact 3 of the gas switch and a second portion 50B which is held fixed by through an insulating tie 30 'attached to one end of the device.
  • the second portion 50B holds in place the first portion 50A through fastening means 51 disposed along the axis A of the device, and is thus electrically in contact with the latter.
  • the first tubular support element 14'C comprises an annular portion which is traversed by the rod or rods 14'A, so that each rod 14'A is slidable through this element 14'C.
  • Each head 14'B of a rod is able to come abut against this annular part once the dead stroke D traversed by each rod integrally with the first part 16.
  • the first spring 20 is placed in compression between the annular part of the first tubular element 14'C and the first part 16 of the movement return means 15. During the expansion of the spring 20 which causes the course of the dead stroke D, the first 14'C tubular element remains in abutment against the connecting means 13 'which is integral in motion of the movable contact of the vacuum switch, which keeps the vacuum switch closed. Once the dead stroke D traversed by the movement return means 15 as well as by the rod or rods 14'A, the expansion of the spring 20 is abruptly interrupted because each head 14'B of a rod abuts against the first tubular support element 14'C, this state being designated as the abutment of the first abutment means 14 'in what follows.
  • the first tubular support element 14'C then becomes firmly in motion with the first part 16 of the movement return means 15, and thus the first abutment means 14 'stop exerting any force on the connection means 13 ', thereby allowing the movable contact of the vacuum switch to move under the action of a second spring 21.
  • the movement acquired by these first abutment means 14' with the first part 16 is therefore independent of the movement of the connecting means 13 ', which has the advantage over the embodiments previously shown of being able to adjust the speed of displacement imposed on the movable contact of the vacuum interrupter by only playing on the characteristics of the second spring without taking into account the the mass or speed possessed by this first part 16.
  • the distance d 1 + g allowed for the displacement of the first tubular support element 14'C along the fixed support element 50 exceeds a certain set referenced g, also called the uncoupling set, the distance of separation d 1 of the contacts of the vacuum switch.
  • this distance d 1 is also the distance allowed for the displacement of the connecting means 13 ', and that consequently the uncoupling clearance g corresponds to the distance separating the first tubular support element 14'C from this connecting means 13 'at the end of the opening of the vacuum interrupter as shown in FIG. figure 16 .
  • An annular shoulder 52 is provided on the first portion 50A of the fixed support member 50 so as to form a fixed stop end stop to stop the movement of the first element 14'C and thus stop the displacement of the first stop means 14 as well as that of the first part 16 of the movement return means 15 shortly after the abutment of these first abutment means 14 '.
  • the connecting means 13 ' comprises a main part 13'A fixed to the moving contact of the vacuum interrupter, consisting of a cylindrical stud having the same axis as the axis A of the device and provided at one end with an annular shoulder next to the vacuum switch.
  • the other end of this cylindrical stud can slide in a cylindrical cavity of the same diameter formed in the second portion 50B of the fixed support member 50, while ensuring the electrical connection between the movable contact of the vacuum switch and the fixed contact 3 of the gas switch which is carried by the first portion 50A of the fixed support member 50.
  • This second portion 50B is provided with second stop means 19 'against which abuts the annular shoulder of the part main 13'A connecting means 13 ', at the moment when it has traversed the insulation stroke d 1 integrally with the movable contact of the vacuum switch.
  • a tie 13'B which integrally connects this portion 13'A to a second tubular support member 13'C which constitutes a secondary portion of the connecting means 13 '.
  • This second tubular element 13 'C surrounds the fixed support element 50 and is able to be displaced along the latter in the axial direction A. Its primary function is to allow the force to be transmitted to the connecting means 13'. by the first spring 20 to maintain the contacts of the vacuum interrupter closed with a certain contact pressure. In this situation, it is in fact bearing against the first tubular bearing element 14'C of the first abutment means 14 '.
  • the device of the figure 15 incorporates a volume 11C of supplementary pneumatic blowing in addition to the volume 11A of thermal blowing, in an embodiment for which this thermal blowing volume is immobile.
  • FIG 16 the device of the figure 15 is shown at the end of a power interruption process.
  • This process began with the release of the operating rod of the gas switch, which allowed the setting of the speed of the movable contact of the gas switch thanks to the thrust exerted by the first spring 20 on the means. movement of return 15, the second portion 17 is integral in motion of the operating rod.
  • This thrust of the first spring was exerted during the entire course of the dead stroke D by each rod 14'A of the first abutment means 14 'integrally with the first portion 16 of the movement return means 15.
  • the expansion of the first spring 20 was interrupted by the abutment of the first abutment means 14 ', and the movement of the second part 17 became independent of that of the first part 16 of the movement return means 15.
  • this first portion 16 has traveled freely a further distance d 1 + g jointly with the first abutment means 14 ', mainly because of the kinetic energy previously acquired by this mobile assembly.
  • the additional path of this assembly is interrupted by the fixed abutment formed by the annular shoulder 52, as mentioned above, at a longitudinal position for which the volume 11C supplementary air blowing is reduced to a minimum.
  • the piston of the pneumatic blast volume is formed by an annular wall of the first part 16 of the movement return means 15. It may be noted that the compression in the volume 11C makes it possible to slow down the speed of the moving assembly of the first means stop 14 'before these are stopped by the fixed stop formed by the annular shoulder 52.
  • Such a fixed stop 52 is not indispensable, and it is possible to envisage a slightly different embodiment in which the piston formed by the annular wall of the first part 16 comes into abutment against the partition wall of the two blast volumes 11A and 11C. once the additional path d 1 + g of the mobile assembly in question has been performed.
  • This figure 16 represents the end of the opening of the hybrid breaking device, which corresponds to a time subsequent to the step described above where the path of the first abutment means 14 'is interrupted.
  • the movement of the movable contact of the gas interrupter continued after this step, solidly with the operating rod 6 and the second portion 17 of the movement return means 15, until an isolation distance the arcing contacts of the gas interrupter are reached after the arc between these contacts has been blown.
  • the moving contact of the vacuum interrupter has traveled the separation distance d 1 integrally with the connecting means 13 ', the latter being held pressed against the fixed support member 50 by the force exerted by the second spring 21 in compression.
  • FIG. 17 is schematically shown an embodiment of a hybrid cutoff device which is functionally equivalent to the device shown in FIG. figure 13 , and which comprises an improvement according to the invention for preventing any bounce of the moving contact of the vacuum interrupter.
  • the gas switch 40 comprises 40A and 40A thermal blowing volumes which are movable with the operating rod 6 of the device.
  • the fixed piston of the pneumatic blowing volume 40C is not shown in the figure, but a piston such as the sealing element 41 of the device of the figure 13 can perfectly suit.
  • a piston such as the sealing element 41 of the device of the figure 13 can perfectly suit.
  • most of the elements of the hybrid breaking device shown in FIGS. Figures 17 and 18 is identical to the elements of the Figures 15 and 16 . We can therefore refer to the comments of these Figures 15 and 16 for understanding the operation of this device.
  • the additional path d 1 + g of the moving assembly which comprises the first abutment means 14 'and the first part 16 of the movement return means is not interrupted here by the annular shoulder 52, but by a another annular shoulder 53 which forms a fixed stop at the end of the fixed support member 50.
  • This fixed stop 53 is indeed sized to stop the translational movement of the first part 16 at the end of the additional course of the moving assembly, knowing that this movement is not here braked by the compression in the pneumatic blowing volume.
  • Figure 18 the device of the figure 17 is shown at the end of opening of the contacts of the gas switch.
  • annular shoulder 52 it is advantageous for the annular shoulder 52 to be positioned in such a way as to leave only a very small clearance with the first tubular support element 14'C once the additional course d 1 + g performed by the first abutment means 14 ', this making it possible to prevent this element 14'C from continuing its translation movement by compressing the first spring 20 due to its kinetic energy.
  • the uncoupling game g makes it possible in particular to tolerate slight rebounds of the first stop means 14 'in solidarity with the first part 16 at the end of the additional path d 1 + g of this moving assembly. Indeed, such bounces of a distance less than this game g will not affect the abutment holding the connecting means 13 'and therefore do not present the risk of reducing the distance between the contacts of the vacuum switch.
  • FIG 19 another embodiment of a hybrid breaking device according to the invention is shown schematically and in partial view.
  • the complete device can be extrapolated from the one represented on the figure 17 and which is functionally equivalent, the blow nozzle 40B being movable with the operating rod of the device for each embodiment.
  • the structural differences relate to the realization of the arc contacts 3 'and 4 of the gas switch, the latter being here arranged end to end.
  • the structure of these means 18 'on the figure 19 is similar to that of the means 18 for delaying the setting in motion of the moving contact on the figure 7 .
  • the movable contact 4 is directly attached to the operating rod 6 and is therefore permanently integral in translation of the rod. It may be noted that this embodiment with contacts arranged end to end makes it possible to obtain a relatively large thermal blowing volume 11A for a limited radial space requirement of the device, but this implies a substantially more complex embodiment than with fitted contacts, as on FIG. figure 13 .
  • the contact pressure maintaining means 18 ' are mounted on the first part 50A of the fixed support element 50, and support at one end the third arcing contact 3' which is not completely fixed here, contrary to the embodiments preceding. These means 18 'are arranged to allow the third arcing contact 3' to be displaced with the fourth arcing contact 4 until the separation of these contacts, and then to be held motionless in abutment after this separation while that the fourth contact continues its race jointly with the operating rod during a current interruption by the device.
  • the making of the arcing contacts of the gas interrupter can generally use one or the other of the two techniques illustrated herein, in this case the technique contacts fitted with a certain overlap distance or that of the contacts arranged end to end with means for maintaining contact pressure.
  • FIG 20 another embodiment of a hybrid breaking device according to the invention is shown in an embodiment for which the device is intended for use as a generator circuit breaker in a medium voltage network.
  • the displacement means which are connected to the connecting means 13 'and to the operating rod 6 of the device are here arranged so that the separation of the contacts of the vacuum interrupter occurs substantially delayed with respect to the separation of the contacts. arc of the gas switch.
  • the overlap distance D r of the contacts 3 and 4 of the gas switch is here less than half the dead stroke D of the first abutment means 14 '. It is recalled that this overlap distance is also called speeding distance, particularly in the case of an equivalent embodiment where the contacts of the gas switch would be arranged end to end. In general, for these applications of the device as a generator circuit breaker, it is preferable to choose a dead travel D greater than twice this speed-up distance of the moving contact of the gas switch.
  • a device of this type must be able to cut off short-circuit currents with strong asymmetries that result in delayed zero crossings.
  • the hybrid breaking device shown makes it possible to reduce the asymmetry of the current and to cause the current to be zeroed earlier, at a time compatible with the operation of the vacuum interrupter.
  • the constituent elements of the device are essentially similar to those of the device of the Figures 15 and 16 , with the notable difference that the thermal blowing volume 11A is not supported by a supplementary air blowing volume. Indeed, unlike this previous device, the gas switch is not required here to cut the low current because in a medium voltage network this role is provided by the vacuum switch which is also able to keep the voltage restored .
  • the wall forming the bottom of the thermal blast volume 11A has no opening.
  • the first part 16 of the movement return means comprises at least one opening intended to balance the gas pressure between the interior volume at this part 16 and the volume outside the displacement means, as well as in the device of the Figures 17 and 18 .
  • a hybrid breaking device allows the thermal phase of the power failure, that is to say the period of a few microseconds during which the voltage recovery begins, to be ensured largely by the vacuum switch. of the device.
  • the gas interrupter essentially contributes to holding the peak value of the voltage, thanks to the relatively large separation distance of the contacts inherent to this type of apparatus in comparison with a vacuum switch.
  • This offers in particular the possibility of using a gas other than the SF 6 for blowing the gas switch.
  • the SF 6 is generally chosen for its holding properties at fast voltage recovery rates during the thermal phase of the cut.
  • the transient voltage recovery during the thermal phase is provided by the vacuum interrupter in a hybrid breaking device according to the invention
  • another gas or gas mixture having sufficient dielectric properties can then be used in the circuit. gas switch of the device.
  • High pressure nitrogen has the dielectric properties required in high voltage. Not presenting risks for the environment it constitutes a preferential solution for a use with a gas other than the SF 6 .
  • a mixture composed of more than 80% of nitrogen and another gas such as SF 6 has at least the advantage of considerably reducing the risks to the environment compared to the use of pure SF 6 .

Landscapes

  • High-Tension Arc-Extinguishing Switches Without Spraying Means (AREA)
  • Circuit Breakers (AREA)
  • Gas-Insulated Switchgears (AREA)
  • Arc-Extinguishing Devices That Are Switches (AREA)
  • Disintegrating Or Milling (AREA)
  • Scissors And Nippers (AREA)
  • Driving Mechanisms And Operating Circuits Of Arc-Extinguishing High-Tension Switches (AREA)

Claims (18)

  1. Hybridschaltvorrichtung für Hoch- bzw. Mittelspannung, enthaltend
    - ein mit einem dielektrischen Gas gefülltes Gehäuse (12) mit einer Längsachse (A),
    - einen in dem Gehäuse angeordneten Vakuumschalter (10) mit einem ersten Lichtbogenkontaktpaar, das aus einem ersten festen Kontakt (1) und aus einem zweiten Kontakt (2) besteht, der in axialer Richtung (A) translatorisch verschiebbar ist,
    - Mittel, die dazu vorgesehen sind, auf den zweiten Kontakt (2) eine solche Kraft auszuüben, dass der gegenseitige Druck zwischen den Anlageflächen des ersten und des zweiten Kontakts größer ist, als ein bestimmter Wert, solange der Vakuumschalter den Stromdurchfluss gestattet,
    - einen in dem Gehäuse angeordneten Gasschalter (11, 40) mit einem zweiten Lichtbogenkontaktpaar, das aus einem dritten festen bzw. quasi festen Kontakt (3, 3') und aus einem vierten Kontakt (4) besteht, der in axialer Richtung (A) translatorisch verschiebbar ist,
    - eine Betätigungsstange (6), die mit dem vierten Kontakt (4) verbunden ist und über Steuermittel (8) festgehalten bzw. translatorisch verschoben werden kann,
    - ein Anschlussmittel (13'), das den zweiten (2) und den dritten Kontakt (3, 3') elektrisch verbindet und dazu geeignet ist, in axialer Richtung (A) in Verbindung mit dem zweiten Kontakt translatorisch verschoben zu werden,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass sie ferner enthält:
    - Verschiebemittel, die mit dem Anschlussmittel und mit der Betätigungsstange verbunden sind, um sie so zu verschieben, dass der zweite bzw. der vierte Kontakt von dem ersten bzw. dem dritten Kontakt getrennt wird, und die Totgangverbindungsmittel enthalten, die das Anschlussmittel (13') mit der Betätigungsstange (6) verbinden, wobei diese Verbindungsmittel gestatten, die Stange um einen bestimmten Totgang (D) zu verschieben und dabei auf das Anschlussmittel einzuwirken, um den Vakuumschalter während dieser Verschiebung eingeschaltet zu halten,
    - und dass dann, wenn die Betätigungsstange (6) den Totgang durchlaufen hat, die Totgangverbindungsmittel Bewegungsumlenkmittel (15) aufweisen, die mit ersten Federmitteln zusammenwirken, die auf das Anschlussmittel (13') einwirken können, um den Vakuumschalter eingeschaltet zu halten, und erste Anschlagmittel (14') aufweisen, auf die sich die ersten Federmittel abstützen, um eine Kraft auf das Anschlussmittel auszuüben, wobei die ersten Anschlagmittel (14`) die Kraft dann aufheben können, wenn der Totgang (D) durchlaufen ist, und die Totgangverbindungsmittel eine Verschiebebewegung in axialer Richtung (A) erfahren können, die unabhängig von der Bewegung ist, die gleichzeitig von den Anschlussmitteln (13') erfahren wird.
  2. Schaltvorrichtung nach Anspruch 1, die für eine Verwendung als Leistungsschalter in einem Hochspannungsnetz bestimmt ist, wobei die Verschiebemittel dazu vorgesehen sind, dass die Trennungen der Kontakte des Vakuum- (10) bzw. Gasschalters (11, 40) zeitgleich bzw. zeitlich geringfügig versetzt erfolgen.
  3. Schaltvorrichtung nach Anspruch 1, wobei die Bewegungsumlenkmittel (15) zwei Abschnitte (16, 17) aufweisen, die zusammen in Anlage aneinander verlagert werden können und nach beginnender Öffnung des Vakuumschafters (10) voneinander getrennt werden können.
  4. Schaltvorrichtung nach den Ansprüchen 1 und 3, wobei die ersten Anschlagmittel (14') zumindest eine Totgangstange (14'A) aufweisen, die mit einem ersten Abschnitt (16) der Bewegungsumlenkmittel (15) verschiebefest verbunden ist und an einem Ende einen Kopf (14'B) enthält, und ein erstes rohrförmiges Abstützteil (14'C) aufweisen, das in axialer Richtung (A) entlang eines von diesem umgebenen festen Trageteils (50) verlagert werden kann, wobei das erste rohrförmige Teil einen Ringabschnitt aufweist, durch den die Totgangstange hindurchtritt und an dem der Kopf in Anschlag gelangen kann, wenn der Totgang (D) durchlaufen ist.
  5. Schaltvorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1, 3 oder 4, wobei die Bewegungsumlenkmittel zweite Federmittel enthalten, die die Kontakte (1, 2) des Vakuumschalters (10) trennen können, sobald die Betätigungsstange (6) den Totgang (D) durchlaufen hat, und das Anschlussmittel (13') und den zweiten Kontakt (2) um eine bestimmte Trennstrecke (d1) bezüglich des ersten Kontakts bei einer Stromunterbrechung durch die Vorrichtung verlagern können, wobei die Trennstrecke dem vollständigen Entfernungsabstand des ersten und zweiten Kontakts entspricht.
  6. Schaltvorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 4 und 5, wobei die ersten Federmittel eine erste Feder (20) aufweisen, die zwischen dem Ringabschnitt des ersten rohrförmige Abstützteils (14'C) und dem ersten Abschnitt (16) der Bewegungsumlenkmittel (15) zusammengedrückt angeordnet ist.
  7. Schaltvorrichtung nach den Ansprüchen 5 und 6, wobei die zweiten Federmittel eine zweite Feder (21) aufweisen, die zwischen einem zweiten Abschnitt (50B) des festen Trageteils (50) und einem Ringabschnitt eines zweiten rohrförmigen Abstützteils (13'C), das das feste Trageteil umgibt, zusammengedrückt angeordnet ist, wobei das zweite rohrförmige Abstützteil entlang des zweiten festen Trageteils in axialer Richtung (A) verlagert werden kann und über zumindest ein Zugglied (13'B) mit einem Hauptabschnitt (13'A) des Anschlussmittels (13`) fest verbunden ist.
  8. Schaltvorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 4 bis 7, wobei das erste und das zweite rohrförmige Abstützteil (13'C, 14'C) unbeweglich aneinander anliegen, solange die Betätigungsstange (6) bei einer Stromunterbrechung durch die Vorrichtung nicht den Totgang (D) durchlaufen hat.
  9. Schaltvorrichtung nach den Ansprüchen 7 und 8, wobei der zweite Abschnitt (50B) des festen Trageteils (50) mit zweiten Anschlagmitteln (19') versehen ist, an welche der Hauptabschnitt (13'A) des Anschlussmittels (13') zu dem Zeitpunkt in Anschlag gelangt, wo letzteres die Trennstrecke (d1) durchlaufen hat.
  10. Schaltvorrichtung nach einem d-er Ansprüche 7 bis 9, wobei der erste Abschnitt (50A) des festen Trageteils den dritten Lichtbogenkontakt (3, 3') trägt und von dem zweiten Abschnitt (50B) dieses festen Trageteils mit Hilfe von Befestigungsmitteln (51) getragen wird, die in der Achse (A) der Vorrichtung angeordnet sind, wobei der zweite Abschnitt über ein Isolierzugglied (30') festgehalten wird, das an einem Ende der Vorrichtung befestigt ist.
  11. Schaltvorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 5 bis 10, wobei ein erster Abschnitt (16) der Bewegungsumlenkmittel (15) sich über eine Gesamtstrecke verlagern kann, die größer als die Summe des Totgangs (D) und der Trennstrecke (d1) ist, die der zweite Kontakt (2) durchlaufen kann.
  12. Schaltvorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 3 bis 11, wobei ein zweiter Abschnitt (17) der Bewegungsumlenkmittel (15) verschiebefest mit der Betätigungsstange (6) verbunden ist.
  13. Hybridschaltvorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 12, wobei die Vorrichtung ferner ein pneumatisches Zusatzblasvolumen (11C, 40C) aufweist, das an das thermische Blasvolumen (11A, 40A) angrenzt und mit letzterem kommunizieren kann und das von einem festen oder beweglichen Boden eingegrenzt wird, der an das thermische Blasvolumen angenähert werden kann, um bei einer Stromunterbrechung durch die Vorrichtung das dielektrische Gas zu verdichten, das in dem pneumatischen Blasvolumen enthalten ist.
  14. Hybridschaltvorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 13, wobei die Kontakte (3, 4) des Gasschalters (11, 40) in Einschaltstellung mit einem Überdeckungsmaß ineinandergesteckt sind, das kleiner oder gleich dem Totgang (D) ist.
  15. Hybridschaltvorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 13, wobei die Kontakte (3, 4) des Gasschalters (11) in Einschaltstellung in Anschlag aneinander anliegen und wobei Verzögerungsmittel (18) zum Verzögern der Ingangsetzung des vierten Kontakts (4) zwischen diesem Kontakt und der Betätigungsstange (6) eingefügt sind.
  16. Hybridschaltvorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 13, wobei die Lichtbogenkontakte (3', 4) des Gasschalters in Einschaltstellung in Anschlag aneinander anliegen und wobei Kontaktdruckhaltemittel (18') vorgesehen sind, um einem Lichtbogenkontakt (3') zu gestatten, bis zur Trennung der Kontakte (3', 4) mit dem anderen Kontakt (4) verlagert und nach der Trennung festgehalten zu werden.
  17. Schaltvorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 und 3 bis 16, die für eine Verwendung als Generatorschalter in einem Mittelspannungsnetz bestimmt ist, wobei die Verschiebemittel dazu vorgesehen sind, dass die Trennung der Kontakte (1, 2) des Vakuumschalters (10) wesentlich verzögert zur Trennung der Lichtbogenkontakte (3, 3', 4) des Gasschalters (11, 40) erfolgt, damit der Stromnulldurchgang von dem Gasschalter hervorgerufen wird, bevor der Vakuumschalter den Strom abschaltet.
  18. Schaltvorrichtung nach Anspruch 17, wobei die ersten Anschlagmittel (14') der Totgangverbindungsmittel dazu vorgesehen sind, dass der Totgang (D) größer als die zweifache Beschleunigungsstrecke (Dr) des beweglichen Kontakts des Gasschalters ist.
EP03291309A 2002-06-05 2003-06-02 Hybridleistungsschalter für Hoch- oder Mittelspannung mit Vakuum und Gas Expired - Lifetime EP1369888B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR0206911 2002-06-05
FR0206911A FR2840729B1 (fr) 2002-06-05 2002-06-05 Dispositif interrupteur pour haute ou moyenne tension, a coupure mixte par vide et gaz

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EP1369888A1 EP1369888A1 (de) 2003-12-10
EP1369888B1 true EP1369888B1 (de) 2011-11-30

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US (1) US6849819B2 (de)
EP (1) EP1369888B1 (de)
JP (1) JP4223865B2 (de)
CN (1) CN1278347C (de)
AT (1) ATE535926T1 (de)
CA (1) CA2430148A1 (de)
FR (1) FR2840729B1 (de)
IN (1) IN2003DE00771A (de)

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FR2957450B1 (fr) * 2010-03-09 2012-04-20 Areva T & D Sas Disjoncteur hybride utilisant un interrupteur avec retour sur fermeture
EP2511927B1 (de) * 2011-04-11 2018-08-29 ABB Schweiz AG Schalter mit zwei Sätzen an Kontaktelementen
KR101563587B1 (ko) * 2011-07-25 2015-10-27 엘에스산전 주식회사 진공 인터럽터의 동력전달 장치
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CN102290278B (zh) * 2011-08-04 2015-04-22 中国西电电气股份有限公司 用于电开关设备的引弧装置
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FR3029351B1 (fr) * 2014-12-02 2017-12-29 Alstom Technology Ltd Dispositif de coupure electrique integrant un disjoncteur et un sectionneur
WO2019224975A1 (ja) * 2018-05-24 2019-11-28 三菱電機株式会社 ガス絶縁開閉装置
CN109361167A (zh) * 2018-11-28 2019-02-19 国网河南省电力公司商丘供电公司 10kV/35kV中置柜手车开关行程开关重动装置
CN109461635B (zh) * 2018-12-29 2024-03-19 厦门大恒科技有限公司 一种滑动式触头装置以及安全型断路器
CN110448796B (zh) * 2019-08-20 2022-11-11 江西希尔康泰制药有限公司 一种利用高电位辅助缓解脑萎缩的治疗装置
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Publication number Publication date
EP1369888A1 (de) 2003-12-10
FR2840729A1 (fr) 2003-12-12
JP2004134358A (ja) 2004-04-30
FR2840729B1 (fr) 2004-07-16
ATE535926T1 (de) 2011-12-15
CA2430148A1 (fr) 2003-12-05
CN1477662A (zh) 2004-02-25
US6849819B2 (en) 2005-02-01
IN2003DE00771A (de) 2015-06-19
JP4223865B2 (ja) 2009-02-12
US20040004796A1 (en) 2004-01-08
CN1278347C (zh) 2006-10-04

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