EP1366499B2 - Mittel- oder hochspannungsschalter - Google Patents

Mittel- oder hochspannungsschalter Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1366499B2
EP1366499B2 EP02701328.3A EP02701328A EP1366499B2 EP 1366499 B2 EP1366499 B2 EP 1366499B2 EP 02701328 A EP02701328 A EP 02701328A EP 1366499 B2 EP1366499 B2 EP 1366499B2
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
circuit breaker
contacts
filler
medium
volume
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP02701328.3A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP1366499A1 (de
EP1366499B1 (de
Inventor
Nadine Rieux
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Schneider Electric Energy France SAS
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Schneider Electric Energy France SAS
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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
    • H01H33/60—Switches wherein the means for extinguishing or preventing the arc do not include separate means for obtaining or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid
    • H01H33/66—Vacuum switches
    • H01H33/662—Housings or protective screens
    • H01H33/66207—Specific housing details, e.g. sealing, soldering or brazing
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B3/00—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties
    • H01B3/002—Inhomogeneous material in general
    • H01B3/004—Inhomogeneous material in general with conductive additives or conductive layers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B3/00—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties
    • H01B3/002—Inhomogeneous material in general
    • H01B3/006—Other inhomogeneous material
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B3/00—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties
    • H01B3/008—Other insulating material
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
    • H01H33/60—Switches wherein the means for extinguishing or preventing the arc do not include separate means for obtaining or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid
    • H01H33/66—Vacuum switches
    • H01H33/662—Housings or protective screens
    • H01H33/66207—Specific housing details, e.g. sealing, soldering or brazing
    • H01H2033/6623—Details relating to the encasing or the outside layers of the vacuum switch housings

Definitions

  • the invention relates to medium and high voltage electrical devices using an electrically insulating material for over-molding on medium or high voltage devices.
  • the invention relates more particularly to circuit breakers using such a material.
  • the medium and high voltage electrical appliances comprise conductive elements between which can be a high voltage. This is the case, in a circuit breaker, conductive elements respectively connected to the contacts of the circuit breaker and placed partly outside the interrupting chamber, when the contacts are spaced from one another to perform a cut. For safety reasons, it is imperative that the conductive elements remain isolated from one another and that an electric arc can not be established between them in the air outside the interrupting chamber. Or atmospheric air is not a very good insulator: its insulating power is of the order of 3 kV / mm, and this insulating power is very sensitive to the composition of the air and especially to water vapor that it contains. On the other hand, electrical devices to be designed to be as compact and lightweight as possible, the distance between the conductive elements is strictly limited, which limits the possibility of using air as insulation. To meet both of these goals simultaneously, there are two techniques.
  • the first technique consists, in the case of a circuit breaker, to place the interrupting chamber inside a sealed chamber under pressure filled with a high insulating gas, the fluid generally used being the SF 6 gas . But this gas poses a risk to the environment, and it is desirable to reduce its use.
  • the second technique is to increase the distance between the conductive elements which is effective from the point of view of insulation, called bypass distance. This is the distance corresponding to a path that connects the conductive elements following the outer contour of the device.
  • bypass distance This is the distance corresponding to a path that connects the conductive elements following the outer contour of the device.
  • Such an increase is made by arranging around the apparatus an isolator of appropriate geometry, generally comprising a series of protuberances or fins which extend the said path. It has been common for a long time to make such insulators glass or ceramic. But these materials are fragile and do not lend themselves to the manufacture of elements by overmolding on a device.
  • the invention aims to provide a solid electrical insulation means for medium or high voltage electrical appliances, allowing a compact and economical realization of said devices and avoiding the use of gas for insulation.
  • the invention relates to the use of an insulating material suitable for forming an overmoulding on a medium or high voltage apparatus, characterized in that it comprises a mineral filler having an increasing electrical permittivity ⁇ with the applied electric field, in a proportion between 5 to 50% by volume, and a matrix in which said material is dispersed.
  • This material to have an electrical permittivity which increases with the applied field has the effect of ensuring a regular distribution of the electric field in the material, the distribution thereof being a function of the permittivity, and to avoid the establishment of high fields in certain areas.
  • said filler is chosen from the group consisting of (i) zinc oxide ZnO doped, the dopant being selected from bismuth oxide Bi 2 O 3 , cobalt oxide Co 3 O 4 or CoO, antimony oxide Sb 2 O 3 , manganese oxide MnO 2 or Mn 3 O 4 and transition metal oxides, and (ii) a wide bandgap semiconductor.
  • the matrix is suitably formed of a polymeric composition selected from the family of elastomers, thermosets and thermoplastics.
  • the inorganic filler is suitably formed of a particulate material having a particle size of between 100 nm and 500 ⁇ m.
  • the proportion of mineral filler is suitably between 15 and 30% by volume.
  • the inorganic filler preferably consists of doped zinc oxide powder having a particle size of 50 to 200 ⁇ m and is present in a proportion of about 18% by volume.
  • the subject of the invention is a medium or high-voltage circuit breaker, comprising a breaking chamber, contacts placed inside the breaking chamber, a mechanism for creating a relative displacement between the contacts, comprising conductive elements respectively connected to the contacts and arranged at least partly outside the interrupting chamber, characterized in that it comprises an overmoulding formed on the interrupting chamber, consisting of an insulating material as defined herein -above.
  • the subject of the invention is a medium-voltage circuit breaker, comprising a vacuum interrupter, contacts placed inside the vacuum interrupter, a mechanism for moving at least one of the contacts, comprising conductive elements respectively connected to the contacts and arranged at least partly outside the vacuum bulb, characterized in that it comprises an overmoulding formed on the vacuum bulb, consisting of an insulating material such as defined above.
  • the medium and high voltage insulating material used for the invention comprises a mineral filler dispersed in a matrix.
  • the mineral charge has the property of having an electrical permittivity ⁇ which increases substantially as a function of the applied electric field. This property is illustrated in the figure 1 , which presents the variation of the relative permittivity ⁇ as a function of the electric field in V / mm (in logarithmic scale), for an example of insulating material according to the invention.
  • the material in question comprises 30% by volume of a mineral filler formed of doped zinc oxide ZnO obtained by grinding a ceramic used for commercial varistors.
  • the filler has a particle size of 250 ⁇ m. It is dispersed in a matrix formed of LSR type silicone.
  • the relative permittivity ⁇ of this material remains at a constant value of about 7 to a field of about 270 V / mm.
  • the relative permittivity e increases rapidly. It reaches 15 for a field of 300 V / mm, 32 for a field of 340 V / mm and 37 for a field of 360 V / mm.
  • the Figure 2A represents a model used to study by simulation the effect on the distribution of the field lines of such an insulating material.
  • This model comprises a layer formed of an electrode 1 and a piece 2 of insulating material according to the invention, placed between two layers 3 and 4 of insulating polymer.
  • the electrode 1 has a section in the form of a right triangle and has its base 5 connected to a voltage source 6.
  • the part 2 has a complementary trapezoidal section.
  • the end 6 of the electrode 1 is located in the median plane of the layers 3 and 4.
  • the polymer layer 3 is connected to the ground at a point 7 located in said median plane.
  • the insulating material in the apparatus according to the invention consists, as indicated above, of a mineral filler having an increasing electrical permittivity ⁇ with the applied electric field, in a proportion of between 5% and 50% by volume, and a matrix in which said material is dispersed.
  • said charge consists of doped zinc oxide ZnO particles, the dopant being chosen from bismuth oxide Bi 2 O 3 , cobalt oxide Co 3 O 4 or CoO, antimony oxide Sb 2 O 3 , manganese oxide MnO 2 or Mn 3 O 4 and transition metal oxides.
  • the dopant being chosen from bismuth oxide Bi 2 O 3 , cobalt oxide Co 3 O 4 or CoO, antimony oxide Sb 2 O 3 , manganese oxide MnO 2 or Mn 3 O 4 and transition metal oxides.
  • the particulate doped ZnO charge one can start from a commercial varistor in ceramic form, having the desired permittivity characteristics, and grind this ceramic by means of a suitable grinder.
  • the shape of the particles of the filler is suitably spherical or ellipsoidal, but it is also conceivable to use elongated particles, such as pieces of fiber, or particles of random shape.
  • the particle size of the filler is suitably from 100 nm to 500 ⁇ m.
  • the particle size is to be chosen in particular according to the operating voltage.
  • a particle size adapted to medium voltages, from 10 to 50 kV, is between 50 microns and 200 microns. For higher voltages, a finer grain size is appropriate.
  • Another constituent that can be envisaged for the inorganic filler is a wide bandgap semiconductor such as silicon carbide SiC, in such particles as described above with reference to doped ZnO.
  • the matrix is suitably formed of a polymeric composition suitable for molding overmouldings for medium or high voltage electrical apparatus.
  • a polymeric composition suitable for molding overmouldings for medium or high voltage electrical apparatus.
  • a composition may be chosen from the family of elastomers and thermosetting resins.
  • EPDM ethylene-propylene-diene
  • Suitable resins include silicones and epoxy resins.
  • thermoplastic polymers such as polyethylene or polymethylmethacrylate.
  • the choice of the polymer composition will be made by those skilled in the art depending on the elements specific to each particular case, including: operating voltage, geometry of the apparatus on which overmolding is to form and outer shape overmolding, ambient conditions (temperature, hygrometry).
  • the proportion of mineral filler is suitably between 15 and 30% by volume.
  • an overmoulding material comprising about 18% by volume of a doped ZnO powder, with a particle size of 50 to 200 ⁇ m, dispersed in a thermosetting resin or an elastomer, is an example embodiment suitable for making an overmoulding. on a medium voltage device such as a medium voltage circuit breaker.
  • the figure 3 schematically represents a medium-voltage circuit breaker whose cut-off member is a vacuum interrupter generally designated by the reference 10.
  • the vacuum interrupter comprises a housing 11 of generally cylindrical shape inside which are arranged a fixed contact 12 and a movable contact 13, the latter being movable to move away from the fixed contact, as shown in FIG. figure 3A , to make the cut.
  • Conducting elements 14 and 15 respectively connected to the fixed contact 12 and the movable contact 13 pass through openings in the end walls 16 and 17 respectively of the housing 10, the conductive element 15 being movable in translation to move the contact. 13 and connected to an actuator, not shown.
  • a bellows 18 is arranged around the movable conductive element 15 to ensure that the internal space of the housing 10 is held under vacuum.
  • the housing 10 is embedded in an overmolding which, in the embodiment of the figure 3 , is constituted homogeneously of an insulating material as defined above, namely a doped ZnO powder dispersed in a matrix such as silicone or thermosetting resin.
  • the circuit breaker as described has the advantage over known apparatus not to contain SF 6 insulating gas. It is also very compact.

Landscapes

  • Thermistors And Varistors (AREA)
  • Organic Insulating Materials (AREA)
  • Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
  • Inorganic Insulating Materials (AREA)
  • Communication Cables (AREA)
  • Treatments Of Macromolecular Shaped Articles (AREA)
  • Insulating Bodies (AREA)
  • Soft Magnetic Materials (AREA)

Claims (7)

  1. Mittel- bzw. Hochspannungsschalter mit einer Schaltkammer, innerhalb der Schaltkammer angeordneten Kontakten, einem Mechanismus zum Erzeugen einer relativen Verlagerung zwischen den Kontakten, mit leitfähigen Teilen, die mit den jeweiligen Kontakten verbunden und zumindest teilweise außerhalb der Schaltkammer angeordnet sind, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass er eine Anformung aufweist, die an der Schaltkammer ausgebildet ist und aus einem Isolierstoff besteht, das einen mineralischen Füllstoff mit einer dielektrischen Leitfähigkeit ε, die mit dem angelegten elektrischen Feld ansteigt, in einem Verhältnis von zwischen 5 und 50 Vol.-% sowie eine für die Anformung geeignete Matrix aufweist, in welcher der Füllstoff verteilt ist.
  2. Mittelspannungsschalter mit einer Vakuumschaltrohre, innerhalb der Vakuumschaltröhre angeordneten Kontakten, einem Mechanismus zum Verlagern zumindest eines der Kontakte, mit leitfähigen Teilen, die mit den jeweiligen Kontakten verbunden und zumindest teilweise außerhalb der Vakuumschaltröhre angeordnet sind, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass er eine Anformung aufweist, die an der Vakuumschaltröhre ausgebildet ist und aus einem Isolierstoff besteht, das einen mineralischen Füllstoff mit einer dielektrischen Leitfähigkeit ε, die mit dem angelegten elektrischen Feld ansteigt, in einem Verhältnis von zwischen 5 und 50 Vol.-% sowie eine für die Anformung geeignete Matrix aufweist, in welcher der Füllstoff verteilt ist.
  3. Schalter nach einem der Ansprüche 1 oder 2, bei welchem der Füllstoff ausgewählt ist aus der Gruppe von (i) dotiertem Zinkoxid ZnO, wobei der Dotierungsstoff ausgewählt ist aus Wismutoxid, Bi2O3, Kobaltoxid Co3O4 oder CoO, Antimonoxid Sb2O3, Manganoxid MnO2 oder Mn3O4 und Übergangsmetalloxiden, und (ii) einem Halbleiter mit breiter Bandlücke.
  4. Schalter nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, wobei die Matrix aus einer Polymerzusammensetzung gebildet ist, die aus der Familie der Elastomere, Duroplasten und Thermoplasten ausgewählt ist.
  5. Schalter nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, wobei der mineralische Füllstoff aus einem teilchenförmigen Stoff mit einer Korngröße von zwischen 100 nm und 500 µm gebildet ist.
  6. Schalter nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, wobei der mineralische Füllstoff in einem Verhältnis von zwischen 15 und 30 Vol.-% vorliegt.
  7. Schalter nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6, wobei der mineralische Füllstoff aus dotiertem Zinkoxidpulver mit einer Korngröße von 50 bis 200 µm besteht und in einem Verhältnis von etwa 18 Vol.-% vorliegt.
EP02701328.3A 2001-02-28 2002-01-28 Mittel- oder hochspannungsschalter Expired - Lifetime EP1366499B2 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR0102739 2001-02-28
FR0102739A FR2821479B1 (fr) 2001-02-28 2001-02-28 Materiau isolant pour surmoulage sur appareils moyenne et haute tension, et appareils electriques moyenne et haute tension utilisant un tel materiau
PCT/FR2002/000331 WO2002069352A1 (fr) 2001-02-28 2002-01-28 Materiau isolant pour surmoulage sur appareils moyenne et haute tension, et appareils electriques moyenne et haute tension utilisant un tel materiau

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1366499A1 EP1366499A1 (de) 2003-12-03
EP1366499B1 EP1366499B1 (de) 2010-08-18
EP1366499B2 true EP1366499B2 (de) 2014-04-02

Family

ID=8860559

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP02701328.3A Expired - Lifetime EP1366499B2 (de) 2001-02-28 2002-01-28 Mittel- oder hochspannungsschalter

Country Status (5)

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EP (1) EP1366499B2 (de)
AT (1) ATE478424T1 (de)
DE (1) DE60237351D1 (de)
FR (1) FR2821479B1 (de)
WO (1) WO2002069352A1 (de)

Families Citing this family (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102008031473B3 (de) * 2008-07-02 2010-03-25 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Vakuumschaltröhre
DE102010043984B4 (de) * 2010-11-16 2022-01-20 Siemens Energy Global GmbH & Co. KG Vakuumschaltröhre mit einem Röhrenkörper
FR2971884B1 (fr) * 2011-02-17 2014-01-17 Alstom Grid Sas Chambre de coupure d'un courant electrique pour disjoncteur a haute ou moyenne tension et disjoncteur comprenant une telle chambre
DE102014213944A1 (de) * 2014-07-17 2016-01-21 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Elektrische Schaltvorrichtung für Mittel- und/oder Hochspannungsanwendungen
DE102016217625A1 (de) * 2016-03-30 2017-10-05 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Hochspannungsbauteil und Vorrichtung mit einem Hochspannungsbauteil
DE102017201326A1 (de) * 2017-01-27 2018-08-02 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Isolatoranordnung für eine Hochspannungs- oder Mittelspannungsanlage
CA3137902A1 (en) 2019-04-26 2020-10-29 G & W Electric Company Switchgear with manual trip assembly and mechanical interlock
US12112906B2 (en) 2019-04-26 2024-10-08 G & W Electric Company Integrated switchgear assembly
PE20212393A1 (es) 2019-04-26 2021-12-30 G And W Electric Company Conmutadores con material dielectrico sobremoldeado
US12266490B2 (en) 2019-04-26 2025-04-01 G & W Electric Company Modular recloser
DE102019211345A1 (de) 2019-07-30 2021-02-04 Siemens Energy Global GmbH & Co. KG Unterbrechereinheit mit einer Vakuumröhre und einem Isoliergehäuse

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB1191664A (en) † 1966-06-07 1970-05-13 Reyrolle & Company Ltd Improvements relating to Vacuum Switches
WO2002065484A1 (en) † 2001-02-09 2002-08-22 E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Aqueous conductive dispersions of polyaniline having enhanced viscosity

Family Cites Families (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2146928B1 (de) * 1971-07-26 1977-01-28 Silec Liaisons Elec
JPS5549803A (en) * 1978-10-03 1980-04-10 Toray Silicone Co Electric insulating composition
FR2682530B1 (fr) * 1991-10-15 1993-11-26 Merlin Gerin Gamme de disjoncteurs basse tension a boitier moule.
RU2124281C1 (ru) * 1996-11-29 1998-12-27 Куприянов Владимир Дмитриевич Гибкий электролюминесцентный источник света

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB1191664A (en) † 1966-06-07 1970-05-13 Reyrolle & Company Ltd Improvements relating to Vacuum Switches
WO2002065484A1 (en) † 2001-02-09 2002-08-22 E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Aqueous conductive dispersions of polyaniline having enhanced viscosity

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE60237351D1 (de) 2010-09-30
EP1366499A1 (de) 2003-12-03
ATE478424T1 (de) 2010-09-15
FR2821479B1 (fr) 2003-04-11
FR2821479A1 (fr) 2002-08-30
EP1366499B1 (de) 2010-08-18
WO2002069352A1 (fr) 2002-09-06

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