EP1366172A1 - Nukleinsäure codierend für ein mit einem porin kanal wechselwirkenden protein - Google Patents
Nukleinsäure codierend für ein mit einem porin kanal wechselwirkenden proteinInfo
- Publication number
- EP1366172A1 EP1366172A1 EP02721985A EP02721985A EP1366172A1 EP 1366172 A1 EP1366172 A1 EP 1366172A1 EP 02721985 A EP02721985 A EP 02721985A EP 02721985 A EP02721985 A EP 02721985A EP 1366172 A1 EP1366172 A1 EP 1366172A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- raf
- nucleic acid
- substances
- prospective
- protein
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
- C12N9/00—Enzymes; Proenzymes; Compositions thereof; Processes for preparing, activating, inhibiting, separating or purifying enzymes
- C12N9/10—Transferases (2.)
- C12N9/12—Transferases (2.) transferring phosphorus containing groups, e.g. kinases (2.7)
- C12N9/1205—Phosphotransferases with an alcohol group as acceptor (2.7.1), e.g. protein kinases
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/48—Biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Haemocytometers
- G01N33/50—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing
- G01N33/53—Immunoassay; Biospecific binding assay; Materials therefor
- G01N33/543—Immunoassay; Biospecific binding assay; Materials therefor with an insoluble carrier for immobilising immunochemicals
- G01N33/54366—Apparatus specially adapted for solid-phase testing
- G01N33/54373—Apparatus specially adapted for solid-phase testing involving physiochemical end-point determination, e.g. wave-guides, FETS, gratings
- G01N33/5438—Electrodes
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/48—Biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Haemocytometers
- G01N33/50—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing
- G01N33/68—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing involving proteins, peptides or amino acids
- G01N33/6872—Intracellular protein regulatory factors and their receptors, e.g. including ion channels
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2500/00—Screening for compounds of potential therapeutic value
- G01N2500/10—Screening for compounds of potential therapeutic value involving cells
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2500/00—Screening for compounds of potential therapeutic value
- G01N2500/20—Screening for compounds of potential therapeutic value cell-free systems
Definitions
- the invention relates to nucleic acids which code for a protein interacting with porins, in particular VDAC, BAX channels or bacterial porins, and uses of such nucleic acids or proteins or peptides encoded thereby in screening processes or for the production of pharmaceutical compositions.
- raf protein in its various isoforms c-raf, B-raf and A-raf plays an important role in regulating the proliferation and differentiation of cells, raf is an effector kinase of ras and an important link in the mitogenic cytoplasmic protein kinase (MAPK ) Signaling cascade (see, for example, Daum, 0., et al., Trends Biochem. Sci. 19: 474-479 (1994)).
- raf Proto-oncogenes are highly conserved genes which encode serine / threonine-specific cytoplasmic kinases. These kinases have functions in mitogenic signal transduction.
- This cascade transmits signals from receptor tyrosine kinases via ras, raf, MEK and ERK to targets in the cytoplasm and in the nucleus to regulate the proliferation and differentiation of the cells.
- the role of c-raf-1 in the classic mitogenic MAP kinase cascade is quite good examined. In detail, this is only exemplified by UR Rapp in The Oncogene Handbook, T. Curran et al. , Eds, Elsevier Science Publishers, The Netherlands, 1988, pages 115-154. c-raf-1 is practically ubiquitous in the human organism.
- the transduction of an apoptosis signal into a cell is accompanied by changes in the permeability of mitochondrial membranes.
- an increase in the permeability of these membranes leads to a translocation of the apopotic protein cytochrome C into the cytoplasm, which ultimately activates caspase called proteolytic proteins.
- proteolytic proteins These proteins lead to apoptosis.
- the permeability of mitochondrial membranes is determined, among other things, by the permeability of the mitochondral porine channels VDAC (Voltage-Dependent Anion Channel). Permeability is also affected by a family of proteins to which Bcl-2, Bcl-X L , BAX and BAK belong. Bcl-2 is protective and presumably binds to VDAC.
- BAX is an integral membrane protein and promotes apoptosis. Bax and Bcl-2 can heterodimerize and overexpression of BAX overcompensates for the protective effect of Bcl-2.
- the members of the Bcl-2 family have in common that there are four regions with amino acid homology, BH1, BH2, BH3 and BH4. These domains are different for the er erization and / or function Members essential. In particular, the presence or absence of BH4 appears to play an essential role in the antiapoptotic or proapoptotic effect (see, for example, Wang, H.-G. et al., Cell 87: 629-638 (1996)). For example, Bcl-2 has BH4, while BAX does not have BH4.
- the technical problem underlying the invention is to inhibit undesired cell death and to provide suitable active substances for the treatment of diseases accompanied by undesired cell death, in particular AIDS, neurodegenerative diseases, or bacterial infections accompanied by undesired cell death.
- the invention relates to a nucleic acid coding for at least one partial sequence of a protein kinase of the mitogenic signaling cascade, the partial sequence interacting with porins, in particular with VDAC, BAX channels in mitochondral membranes or with bacterial porin channels, or with nucleic acid hybridizing with such a nucleic acid or homologues or derivatives of such nucleic acids.
- nucleic acid includes in particular DNA, RNA and PNA. Also subsumed under the term are double-stranded nucleic acids and single-stranded nucleic acids and consequently also nucleic acids that are complementary to one another. Silent mutations are also considered to be nucleic acids according to the invention. Silent mutations mean variants in the sequence that do not lead to any functional difference, based on the interaction with VDAC or BAX, of the variant compared to the natural, non-mutated sequence. Silent mutations can be alleles or artificial mutations. Derivatives also fall under the invention. Derivatives are non-natural chemical modifications. Nucleic acids hybridizing with nucleic acids according to the invention are those which hybridize under stringent conditions.
- Stringency typically occurs in a temperature range from 5 ° C to 25 ° C below The melting temperature during hybridization.
- Stringent conditions mean a hybridization with at least 95% sequence identity, preferably 98%.
- A-raf, B-raf or c-raf are particularly suitable as protein kinases of the mitogenic signaling cascade.
- the nucleic acid according to the invention can also be only a partial raf sequence, namely the kinase domain CR3 or active partial sequences thereof, and silent mutations and / or derivatives thereof.
- CR3 is above amino acid 302 in the range up to 648.
- the nucleic acid can be, for example, a nucleic acid coding for ⁇ raf (26-302). It seems to be important that the nucleic acid codes for an active form of the kinase or kinase-active part thereof or for a homologous protein or peptide.
- the nucleic acids according to the invention can be used to search for substances interacting with VDAC, BAX or bacterial porin channels.
- substances to the previously considered for the Wech ⁇ sel
- raf bind substances to the previously considered for the Wech ⁇ sel
- such nucleic acids can also serve as a template for substances of the same function which have a higher activity.
- a nucleic acid according to the invention is preferred in which the interaction consists in a reduction in the permeability of VDAC, BAX or bacterial porin channels.
- the nucleic acid preferably codes for an active protein or peptide containing the sequence c-raf-1 (338 to 627) or an active fragment thereof or is a nucleic acid hybridizing with such a nucleic acid or coded for a protein or peptide consisting of the sequence c -raf-1 (338 to 627) or is a nucleic acid hybridizing with such a nucleic acid. It can also be a cDNA. In the context of the invention it is preferably human raf. For research purposes, however, it can also be raf from non-human mammals.
- the invention further relates to an isolated recombinant vector containing a nucleic acid according to the invention or an expression plasmid with this nucleic acid.
- a DNA fragment coding for a suitable viral protein for example gag
- gag fusion gag with, for example, c-raf or c-raf fragment.
- a transformant can be formed by means of the expression plasmid, which in turn can be used to produce the protein or peptide encoded by the nucleic acid.
- the transformant is cultivated in a suitable manner using customary methods.
- the invention further relates to a protein or peptide encoded by a nucleic acid according to the invention.
- the invention relates in particular to the use of a nucleic acid according to the invention or a protein or peptide encoded thereby for the production of a pharmaceutical composition for the treatment of AIDS or of neurodegenerative diseases or for the protection of untransformed cells in a tissue containing cancer cells or bacterial infections that the nucleic acid according to the invention or that encoded protein or peptide has an anti-apoptotic effect and prevents (premature) cell death with the consequence of a corresponding disease.
- the T lymphocytes are protected.
- nerve cells are protected from (irreparable) cell death.
- normal healthy cells can be protected against unwanted cell death by the action of the cell poison.
- the invention also relates to screening methods for determining substances which activate raf and are therefore suitable for the production of pharmaceutical compositions for the treatment of the abovementioned diseases, preferably of low molecular weight ( ⁇ 10,000 da, preferably ⁇ 5000 da).
- a screening method is also understood to be a method for verifying raf activation by a prospective active ingredient.
- such a screening method can be directed towards substances that directly or indirectly, for example in a cell model, increase the raf concentration.
- these can be raf expression of up-regulating substances.
- they can also be substances which themselves inhibit modulator substances which inhibit raf expression or raf itself.
- such screening methods can be carried out as follows.
- a screening process for the identification of raf activating substances can be equipped with the following process stages: a) Target cells are made with a prospective active ingredient or a mixture prospective active substances are added and the target cells are cultivated, b) after a defined time the expression and / or concentration of raf protein is measured and the measured value obtained is compared with a measured value which is under the same conditions but without the addition of a prospective active substance , c) a prospective active ingredient or a mixture of prospective active ingredients are selected with the proviso that an increase in expression and / or concentration of raf protein was found in stage b), d) optionally a deconvolute is used when a mixture of prospective active ingredients is used - tion carried out, for example by individual measurement of the active ingredients of the mixture.
- a screening method for identifying raf activating substances can also be equipped with the following process stages: a) raf inhibitors which occur naturally in target cells, in particular substances which bind to the kinase domain of raf or substances which downregulate raf expression, are identified, b) a substance identified in stage a), optionally isolated and / or purified, is mixed with a prospective active substance or a mixture of prospective active substances in a binding assay and the binding ability of the substance with the prospective active substance is examined, c) a prospective active substance or a mixture of prospective active substances For which a binding event was determined in stage b), selection is made; d) optionally, if a mixture is used, it becomes more prospective
- Active ingredients a deconvolution is carried out, for example by individually measuring the active ingredients of the mixture, e) optionally a selected one prospective agent or a selected mixture of prospective agents are subjected to a method according to claim 10 for the verification of the raf activation.
- a method according to claim 10 for the verification of the raf activation.
- all methods known to the person skilled in the art for determining a raf concentration and / or binding assays can be used.
- it may be expedient if the target cells used are genetically modified in such a way that expressed raf carries a reporter group which is particularly easy to detect by measurement technology and which does not naturally occur in the target cells.
- the invention also includes a pharmaceutical composition containing at least one inhibitor of raf
- the invention also relates to healing methods, for example classically by suitable administration of pharmaceutical preparations, but also gene therapy, by means of which one or more substances according to the invention are introduced into a target cell or generated in the target cell or their expression is stimulated or strengthened.
- Fig. 3 Permeability of BCL-2 ⁇ TM channels after incubation with GST-c-rafYY340 / 341DD.
- BAX is known and under the accession no. L22473 available at www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov.
- BCL-2 is known and under the accession no. M13995 available at www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov.
- VDAC is known and under the accession no. NM003374 available at www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov.
- c-raf is known and under the accession no. X03484 available at www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov.
- A-raf is known and under the accession no.
- BAX and BCL-2 cDNAs were used, which code for proteins that lack the COOH-terminal transmembrane domain ( ⁇ TM).
- BAX this is BAX ⁇ C19, i.e. amino acids 172-191 are missing.
- BCL-2 this is BCL-2 ⁇ C21, i.e. amino acids 219-239 are missing.
- cDNA coding for BAX ⁇ TM was cut out of the vector pJG4-5 by digestion with EcoRI / XhoI and subcloned into the EcoRI / XhoI sites of pGEX-4Tl.
- cDNA encoding BCL-2 ⁇ TM was expressed in the pGEX-4Tl plasmid (obtained from J. Reed).
- GST-c-rafYY340 / 341DD and GST ⁇ c-rafL375W were cloned in pFastBac baculoviruses for expression in Sf9 insect cells.
- Escherichia coli BL21 DE3 (pLysS) were transformed with BAX ⁇ TM or BCL-2 ⁇ TM constructs and grown in the presence of 0.1 mg / ml ampicilin at 37 ° C. overnight.
- a single colony of each vector was cultured in 2xY-TG medium containing 0.1 mg / ml ampicilin at 37 ° C to an OD (600nm) value of 0.6.
- Protein expression was induced by means of 0.1 mM isopropyl- ⁇ -D-thiogalactopyranoside for 16 h at 25 ° C.
- the supernatant was incubated with gluthathione Sepharose Beads (Pharmacia Amersham) for 2 h at 4 ° C.
- the beads were washed with lysis buffer containing Triton-XIOO (0.1%) and NaCl (20 mM) and incubated overnight in a buffer containing thrombin (Sig a) (Tris 50 mM pH 8, ⁇ -mercaptoethanol 20 mM).
- Cleaved BAX ⁇ TM and BCL-2 ⁇ TM were further purified on a Resource Q anion exchange column (Pharmacia-Amersha) and the proteins were eluted with a NaCl gradient (0-0.5 M).
- the Sf9 insect cells were infected with the baculoviruses and cell pellets were frozen and at -70 ° C.
- the pellets were in lysis buffer (Tris 25 mM pH 7.6, NaCl 150 mM, Na 4 P 2 0 7 10 mM, ⁇ -glycerophosphate 25 mM, glycerin 10%, NP-40 0.75%, leupeptin 10 ⁇ g / ml, aprotinin 10 ⁇ g / ml, benzamidine 1 mM, phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride 1 mM) resuspended, honed and for 40 min.
- lysis buffer Tris 25 mM pH 7.6, NaCl 150 mM, Na 4 P 2 0 7 10 mM, ⁇ -glycerophosphate 25 mM, glycerin 10%, NP-40 0.75%, leupeptin 10 ⁇ g / ml, a
- VDAC protein was purified from rat liver under denaturing / renaturing conditions.
- Example 3 Carrying out the experiments on lipid bilayers.
- the channel-forming proteins were reconstituted into an artificial lipid bilayer.
- the experimental setup comprised a Teflon chamber with two 5 ml volumes of aqueous KCL buffer (0.3 M) containing chambers, the chambers being connected by a circular hole with a cross section of 0.2 mm 2 .
- the membrane was formed from a solution of 1% (w / v) diphytanoylphosphatidylcholine (DiphPC, Avanti Polar Lipids, Alabaster, AL) in n-decane. The double layer formation was recognizable by the fact that the membrane became optically black with respect to reflected light.
- BAX ⁇ TM, BCL-2 ⁇ TM or VDAC protein was added to the KC1 buffer of both chambers.
- the single-channel conductivity of the pores or channels formed was measured after applying a constant membrane potential (20 mV) by introducing one Ag / AgCl electrode with salt bridges into the buffer of the two chambers.
- the recorded current values were amplified using a current amplifier and recorded as a function of time using a recorder.
- the channel-forming proteins (BAX ⁇ TM: 2.4 ⁇ g, BCL-2 ⁇ TM: 1.8 ⁇ g) were in kinase buffer (Hepes 25 mM pH 7 , 4, NaCl 150 mM, ⁇ -glycerophosphate 25 mM, DTT 1 mM, MgCl 2 10 mM) in the presence of ATP (0.1 mM) for 30 min.
- FIG. 1 a, b show the results of the permeability measurements with an experimental setup according to Example 3, namely VDAC / GST-c-rafL375W (a) and BAX ⁇ TM / GST-c-rafL375W (b). It can be seen that channels are formed, i.e. no inhibition takes place.
- FIGS. 2a, b show that the use of the active form of c-raf, GST-c-rafYY340 / 341DD, instead of the inactive form according to FIG. 1a, b, leads to a considerable inhibition of channel formation.
- This is based on the interaction of the active c-raf protein with VDAC or BAX ⁇ TM according to the invention.
- a possible influence on BCL-2 ⁇ TM was also tested with the active form of c-raf.
- FIG. 3 It can be seen that channel formation is evidently taking place, ie c-raf does not interact with BCL-2 in any way in a manner which inhibits channel formation.
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- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Immunology (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Hematology (AREA)
- Urology & Nephrology (AREA)
- Biotechnology (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Microbiology (AREA)
- Cell Biology (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Pathology (AREA)
- Bioinformatics & Cheminformatics (AREA)
- Genetics & Genomics (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Proteomics, Peptides & Aminoacids (AREA)
- Medicines That Contain Protein Lipid Enzymes And Other Medicines (AREA)
- Pharmaceuticals Containing Other Organic And Inorganic Compounds (AREA)
- Measuring Or Testing Involving Enzymes Or Micro-Organisms (AREA)
- Investigating Or Analysing Biological Materials (AREA)
- Enzymes And Modification Thereof (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (5)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE10110350 | 2001-02-27 | ||
DE2001110350 DE10110350A1 (de) | 2001-03-23 | 2001-02-27 | Nukleinsäure codierend für ein mit VDAC- oder BAX-Kanälen wechselwirkendes Protein |
DE10114682 | 2001-03-23 | ||
DE10114682A DE10114682A1 (de) | 2001-02-27 | 2001-03-23 | Verwendung von raf zur Hemmung von bakteriellen Porin-Faktoren |
PCT/DE2002/000741 WO2002068656A1 (de) | 2001-02-27 | 2002-02-27 | Nukleinsäure codierend für ein mit einem porin kanal wechselwirkendes protein |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP1366172A1 true EP1366172A1 (de) | 2003-12-03 |
Family
ID=26008675
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP02721985A Withdrawn EP1366172A1 (de) | 2001-02-27 | 2002-02-27 | Nukleinsäure codierend für ein mit einem porin kanal wechselwirkenden protein |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US20060172290A1 (de) |
EP (1) | EP1366172A1 (de) |
JP (1) | JP2004531240A (de) |
DE (1) | DE10114682A1 (de) |
WO (1) | WO2002068656A1 (de) |
Families Citing this family (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE102006025344A1 (de) * | 2006-05-31 | 2007-12-06 | MAX-PLANCK-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der Wissenschaften e.V. | Anordnung für eine biologisch funktionelle Membran, Sensoranordnung, Filteranordnung sowie deren Verwendungen |
JP2013145702A (ja) * | 2012-01-16 | 2013-07-25 | Adeka Corp | 非水電解液二次電池及び二次電池用非水電解液 |
Family Cites Families (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5618670A (en) * | 1988-08-26 | 1997-04-08 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Department Of Health & Human Services | Detection method for c-raf-1 genes |
US5597719A (en) * | 1994-07-14 | 1997-01-28 | Onyx Pharmaceuticals, Inc. | Interaction of RAF-1 and 14-3-3 proteins |
US5734039A (en) * | 1994-09-15 | 1998-03-31 | Thomas Jefferson University | Antisense oligonucleotides targeting cooperating oncogenes |
DE19754774C2 (de) * | 1997-11-28 | 1999-11-25 | Ulf R Rapp | Transgenes nicht-menschliches Säugetier mit einer onkogenen Mutante des Raf-1-Gens |
US6114517A (en) * | 1998-12-10 | 2000-09-05 | Isis Pharmaceuticals Inc. | Methods of modulating tumor necrosis factor α-induced expression of cell adhesion molecules |
-
2001
- 2001-03-23 DE DE10114682A patent/DE10114682A1/de not_active Ceased
-
2002
- 2002-02-27 WO PCT/DE2002/000741 patent/WO2002068656A1/de active Application Filing
- 2002-02-27 JP JP2002568750A patent/JP2004531240A/ja active Pending
- 2002-02-27 US US10/469,375 patent/US20060172290A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2002-02-27 EP EP02721985A patent/EP1366172A1/de not_active Withdrawn
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
See references of WO02068656A1 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US20060172290A1 (en) | 2006-08-03 |
JP2004531240A (ja) | 2004-10-14 |
WO2002068656A1 (de) | 2002-09-06 |
DE10114682A1 (de) | 2002-11-21 |
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