EP1366142A1 - Wasch und/oder reinigungsmittel - Google Patents
Wasch und/oder reinigungsmittelInfo
- Publication number
- EP1366142A1 EP1366142A1 EP02719917A EP02719917A EP1366142A1 EP 1366142 A1 EP1366142 A1 EP 1366142A1 EP 02719917 A EP02719917 A EP 02719917A EP 02719917 A EP02719917 A EP 02719917A EP 1366142 A1 EP1366142 A1 EP 1366142A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- amount
- weight
- acid
- time
- released
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 52
- 239000012459 cleaning agent Substances 0.000 title claims description 27
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 65
- 102000004190 Enzymes Human genes 0.000 claims abstract description 47
- 108090000790 Enzymes Proteins 0.000 claims abstract description 47
- 229940088598 enzyme Drugs 0.000 claims abstract description 47
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 47
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 239000004753 textile Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 108091005804 Peptidases Proteins 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000004365 Protease Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 102000035195 Peptidases Human genes 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 108010065511 Amylases Proteins 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 102000013142 Amylases Human genes 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000004367 Lipase Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 108090001060 Lipase Proteins 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 102000004882 Lipase Human genes 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 235000019418 amylase Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 235000019421 lipase Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000004382 Amylase Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 108010059892 Cellulase Proteins 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 229940106157 cellulase Drugs 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000003599 detergent Substances 0.000 claims description 68
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 64
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 45
- 230000003113 alkalizing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 30
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 claims description 27
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000007884 disintegrant Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000004061 bleaching Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 150000004760 silicates Chemical class 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000007853 buffer solution Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 235000021317 phosphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 10
- 150000003013 phosphoric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 claims description 10
- 150000004649 carbonic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910001854 alkali hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000008044 alkali metal hydroxides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000007942 carboxylates Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000004677 hydrates Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 abstract description 7
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- -1 fatty acid esters Chemical class 0.000 description 63
- 239000007844 bleaching agent Substances 0.000 description 41
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 40
- 235000010980 cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 39
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 33
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 description 32
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 31
- 238000004806 packaging method and process Methods 0.000 description 30
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 27
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 27
- IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene oxide Chemical compound C1CO1 IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 26
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 25
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 24
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 23
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 description 22
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 21
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 21
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 21
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 description 21
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 21
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 20
- DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propylene glycol Chemical compound CC(O)CO DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 18
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 18
- 235000019832 sodium triphosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 18
- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N citric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 17
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 16
- 150000002191 fatty alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 16
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 16
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 16
- 239000002736 nonionic surfactant Substances 0.000 description 15
- 229920001223 polyethylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 15
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 15
- 239000010457 zeolite Substances 0.000 description 15
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerine Chemical compound OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- 239000003945 anionic surfactant Substances 0.000 description 14
- 150000004665 fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 description 14
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 14
- 235000019198 oils Nutrition 0.000 description 14
- 229920005646 polycarboxylate Polymers 0.000 description 13
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 12
- 230000003111 delayed effect Effects 0.000 description 12
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 description 12
- 239000003112 inhibitor Substances 0.000 description 12
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 12
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 12
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 12
- 229920002245 Dextrose equivalent Polymers 0.000 description 11
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 11
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 11
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 11
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 10
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 description 10
- LWIHDJKSTIGBAC-UHFFFAOYSA-K tripotassium phosphate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[K+].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O LWIHDJKSTIGBAC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 10
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 9
- 229910021536 Zeolite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 239000012190 activator Substances 0.000 description 9
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 9
- HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 230000007062 hydrolysis Effects 0.000 description 9
- 238000006460 hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 9
- 150000004965 peroxy acids Chemical class 0.000 description 9
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Propenoic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=C NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- ABLZXFCXXLZCGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorous acid Chemical class OP(O)=O ABLZXFCXXLZCGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propanedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)CC(O)=O OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- WNLRTRBMVRJNCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N adipic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCCCC(O)=O WNLRTRBMVRJNCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 8
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 8
- 229960004063 propylene glycol Drugs 0.000 description 8
- 235000013772 propylene glycol Nutrition 0.000 description 8
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-butenedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=CC(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- UNXRWKVEANCORM-UHFFFAOYSA-I triphosphate(5-) Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])(=O)OP([O-])(=O)OP([O-])([O-])=O UNXRWKVEANCORM-UHFFFAOYSA-I 0.000 description 8
- SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-methoxy-5-methylphenyl)ethanamine Chemical compound COC1=CC=C(C)C=C1CCN SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 7
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 7
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 7
- 159000000000 sodium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 7
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000003760 tallow Substances 0.000 description 7
- HGINCPLSRVDWNT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acrolein Chemical compound C=CC=O HGINCPLSRVDWNT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229920002134 Carboxymethyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 6
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N Glucose Natural products OC[C@H]1OC(O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N 0.000 description 6
- MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen peroxide Chemical compound OO MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229920002153 Hydroxypropyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 6
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229920002472 Starch Polymers 0.000 description 6
- ULUAUXLGCMPNKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfobutanedioic acid Chemical class OC(=O)CC(C(O)=O)S(O)(=O)=O ULUAUXLGCMPNKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000000872 buffer Substances 0.000 description 6
- 125000002091 cationic group Chemical group 0.000 description 6
- 235000011187 glycerol Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- 235000010977 hydroxypropyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- 239000001863 hydroxypropyl cellulose Substances 0.000 description 6
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UPHRSURJSA-N maleic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)\C=C/C(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UPHRSURJSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000011976 maleic acid Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 235000011007 phosphoric acid Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- 239000000344 soap Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000001488 sodium phosphate Substances 0.000 description 6
- 235000019698 starch Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- 239000001226 triphosphate Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000001993 wax Substances 0.000 description 6
- QLAJNZSPVITUCQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3,2-dioxathietane 2,2-dioxide Chemical compound O=S1(=O)OCO1 QLAJNZSPVITUCQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- YPFDHNVEDLHUCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-propanediol Chemical class OCCCO YPFDHNVEDLHUCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 244000303965 Cyamopsis psoralioides Species 0.000 description 5
- 239000004375 Dextrin Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229920001353 Dextrin Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 102100037486 Reverse transcriptase/ribonuclease H Human genes 0.000 description 5
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 description 5
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-VFUOTHLCSA-N beta-D-glucose Chemical compound OC[C@H]1O[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-VFUOTHLCSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229920003086 cellulose ether Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 5
- 235000019425 dextrin Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- BNIILDVGGAEEIG-UHFFFAOYSA-L disodium hydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].OP([O-])([O-])=O BNIILDVGGAEEIG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 5
- 230000002255 enzymatic effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000003205 fragrance Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000008103 glucose Substances 0.000 description 5
- 150000004676 glycans Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 5
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000000123 paper Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000036961 partial effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 5
- 229920001282 polysaccharide Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 239000005017 polysaccharide Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229920001296 polysiloxane Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 238000009517 secondary packaging Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000008107 starch Substances 0.000 description 5
- JFMGYULNQJPJCY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(hydroxymethyl)-1,3-dioxolan-2-one Chemical compound OCC1COC(=O)O1 JFMGYULNQJPJCY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 244000060011 Cocos nucifera Species 0.000 description 4
- 235000013162 Cocos nucifera Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- RGHNJXZEOKUKBD-SQOUGZDYSA-N D-gluconic acid Chemical compound OC[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C(O)=O RGHNJXZEOKUKBD-SQOUGZDYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- DBVJJBKOTRCVKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Etidronic acid Chemical compound OP(=O)(O)C(O)(C)P(O)(O)=O DBVJJBKOTRCVKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-OWOJBTEDSA-N Fumaric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)\C=C\C(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-OWOJBTEDSA-N 0.000 description 4
- CSNNHWWHGAXBCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L Magnesium sulfate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[O-][S+2]([O-])([O-])[O-] CSNNHWWHGAXBCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
- BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Orthosilicate Chemical compound [O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
- 229920002125 Sokalan® Polymers 0.000 description 4
- KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Succinic acid Natural products OC(=O)CCC(O)=O KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- FEWJPZIEWOKRBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tartaric acid Natural products [H+].[H+].[O-]C(=O)C(O)C(O)C([O-])=O FEWJPZIEWOKRBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- BGRWYDHXPHLNKA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetraacetylethylenediamine Chemical compound CC(=O)N(C(C)=O)CCN(C(C)=O)C(C)=O BGRWYDHXPHLNKA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000001361 adipic acid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 235000011037 adipic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 4
- KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-NUQCWPJISA-N butanedioic acid Chemical compound O[14C](=O)CC[14C](O)=O KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-NUQCWPJISA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000000969 carrier Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000012876 carrier material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000001177 diphosphate Substances 0.000 description 4
- 235000011180 diphosphates Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- UKMSUNONTOPOIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N docosanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O UKMSUNONTOPOIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- POULHZVOKOAJMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N dodecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O POULHZVOKOAJMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 4
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- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 4
- IPCSVZSSVZVIGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexadecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O IPCSVZSSVZVIGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229920000609 methyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 235000010981 methylcellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 239000001923 methylcellulose Substances 0.000 description 4
- 235000019796 monopotassium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- HWGNBUXHKFFFIH-UHFFFAOYSA-I pentasodium;[oxido(phosphonatooxy)phosphoryl] phosphate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[O-]P([O-])(=O)OP([O-])(=O)OP([O-])([O-])=O HWGNBUXHKFFFIH-UHFFFAOYSA-I 0.000 description 4
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- 239000001267 polyvinylpyrrolidone Substances 0.000 description 4
- 235000013855 polyvinylpyrrolidone Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- BITYAPCSNKJESK-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassiosodium Chemical compound [Na].[K] BITYAPCSNKJESK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 235000011009 potassium phosphates Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 150000003254 radicals Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 230000002829 reductive effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000011257 shell material Substances 0.000 description 4
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- DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-VKHMYHEASA-N (+)-propylene glycol Chemical class C[C@H](O)CO DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-VKHMYHEASA-N 0.000 description 3
- DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-GSVOUGTGSA-N (R)-(-)-Propylene glycol Chemical class C[C@@H](O)CO DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-GSVOUGTGSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229940035437 1,3-propanediol Drugs 0.000 description 3
- RTBFRGCFXZNCOE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-methylsulfonylpiperidin-4-one Chemical compound CS(=O)(=O)N1CCC(=O)CC1 RTBFRGCFXZNCOE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Ca+2] UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 3
- CTKINSOISVBQLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycidol Chemical compound OCC1CO1 CTKINSOISVBQLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oxalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(O)=O MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229920000604 Polyethylene Glycol 200 Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000004115 Sodium Silicate Substances 0.000 description 3
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 150000003926 acrylamides Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 238000005054 agglomeration Methods 0.000 description 3
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- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- JFCQEDHGNNZCLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N anhydrous glutaric acid Natural products OC(=O)CCCC(O)=O JFCQEDHGNNZCLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- 239000008406 cosmetic ingredient Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000004691 decahydrates Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- XPPKVPWEQAFLFU-UHFFFAOYSA-J diphosphate(4-) Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])(=O)OP([O-])([O-])=O XPPKVPWEQAFLFU-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 3
- ZPWVASYFFYYZEW-UHFFFAOYSA-L dipotassium hydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].OP([O-])([O-])=O ZPWVASYFFYYZEW-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 3
- 238000004851 dishwashing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 description 3
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- UFVKGYZPFZQRLF-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose Chemical compound OC1C(O)C(OC)OC(CO)C1OC1C(O)C(O)C(OC2C(C(O)C(OC3C(C(O)C(O)C(CO)O3)O)C(CO)O2)O)C(CO)O1 UFVKGYZPFZQRLF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000019813 microcrystalline cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 230000009965 odorless effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 3
- 239000004014 plasticizer Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920000058 polyacrylate Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000004584 polyacrylic acid Substances 0.000 description 3
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- 229920000166 polytrimethylene carbonate Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 235000019828 potassium polyphosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene carbonate Chemical compound CC1COC(=O)O1 RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- FQENQNTWSFEDLI-UHFFFAOYSA-J sodium diphosphate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[O-]P([O-])(=O)OP([O-])([O-])=O FQENQNTWSFEDLI-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 3
- AQMNWCRSESPIJM-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium metaphosphate Chemical compound [Na+].[O-]P(=O)=O AQMNWCRSESPIJM-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 235000019351 sodium silicates Nutrition 0.000 description 3
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- 239000000391 magnesium silicate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000012243 magnesium silicates Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium;oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[Mg+2] AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000001630 malic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011090 malic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000594 mannitol Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010355 mannitol Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000691 measurement method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002609 medium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 108010003855 mesentericopeptidase Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 150000002736 metal compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000005528 methosulfate group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000004702 methyl esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000000250 methylamino group Chemical group [H]N(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 108010020132 microbial serine proteinases Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 239000004200 microcrystalline wax Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019808 microcrystalline wax Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000007522 mineralic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000003595 mist Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000005673 monoalkenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229940111688 monobasic potassium phosphate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229910000403 monosodium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000019799 monosodium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 125000004573 morpholin-4-yl group Chemical group N1(CCOCC1)* 0.000 description 1
- 229940043348 myristyl alcohol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 125000001421 myristyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- GOQYKNQRPGWPLP-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-heptadecyl alcohol Natural products CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCO GOQYKNQRPGWPLP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BXWNKGSJHAJOGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-hexadecyl alcohol Natural products CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCO BXWNKGSJHAJOGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ALQWDAJTEFASRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-hexadecylhexadecan-1-amine;hydrochloride Chemical compound [Cl-].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC[NH2+]CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC ALQWDAJTEFASRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920005615 natural polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229930014626 natural product Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 238000006386 neutralization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003472 neutralizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- MGFYIUFZLHCRTH-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrilotriacetic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CN(CC(O)=O)CC(O)=O MGFYIUFZLHCRTH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SXLLDUPXUVRMEE-UHFFFAOYSA-N nonanediperoxoic acid Chemical compound OOC(=O)CCCCCCCC(=O)OO SXLLDUPXUVRMEE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LTUGGBOPBQPPGK-UHFFFAOYSA-A octadecasodium;hexaphosphate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O LTUGGBOPBQPPGK-UHFFFAOYSA-A 0.000 description 1
- 229960002446 octanoic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N olefin Natural products CCCCCCCC=C JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XMLQWXUVTXCDDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N oleyl alcohol Natural products CCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCCCCO XMLQWXUVTXCDDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940055577 oleyl alcohol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229920001542 oligosaccharide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 150000002482 oligosaccharides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000007530 organic bases Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002894 organic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000006408 oxalic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010525 oxidative degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000004430 oxygen atom Chemical group O* 0.000 description 1
- 239000005022 packaging material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000001312 palmitoyl group Chemical group O=C([*])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000000913 palmityl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 239000012188 paraffin wax Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011837 pasties Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000005453 pelletization Methods 0.000 description 1
- XCRBXWCUXJNEFX-UHFFFAOYSA-N peroxybenzoic acid Chemical compound OOC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 XCRBXWCUXJNEFX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PATMLLNMTPIUSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenoxysulfonyl 7-methyloctanoate Chemical compound CC(C)CCCCCC(=O)OS(=O)(=O)OC1=CC=CC=C1 PATMLLNMTPIUSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003009 phosphonic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- PJNZPQUBCPKICU-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphoric acid;potassium Chemical compound [K].OP(O)(O)=O PJNZPQUBCPKICU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003016 phosphoric acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000006223 plastic coating Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001983 poloxamer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002432 poly(vinyl methyl ether) polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000151 polyglycol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000010695 polyglycol Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920005862 polyol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 150000003109 potassium Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- OQZCJRJRGMMSGK-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium metaphosphate Chemical compound [K+].[O-]P(=O)=O OQZCJRJRGMMSGK-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229910000160 potassium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229940093916 potassium phosphate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 159000000001 potassium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- OTYBMLCTZGSZBG-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium sulfate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O OTYBMLCTZGSZBG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910052939 potassium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000011151 potassium sulphates Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- WSHYKIAQCMIPTB-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium;2-oxo-3-(3-oxo-1-phenylbutyl)chromen-4-olate Chemical compound [K+].[O-]C=1C2=CC=CC=C2OC(=O)C=1C(CC(=O)C)C1=CC=CC=C1 WSHYKIAQCMIPTB-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003138 primary alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000009516 primary packaging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004886 process control Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000001436 propyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 239000003223 protective agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003531 protein hydrolysate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001698 pyrogenic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229940048084 pyrophosphate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 125000001453 quaternary ammonium group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000020095 red wine Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006722 reduction reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000005871 repellent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002940 repellent Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007127 saponification reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000003441 saturated fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000003333 secondary alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003352 sequestering agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000741 silica gel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002027 silica gel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920002545 silicone oil Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000029 sodium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000003388 sodium compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- AJPJDKMHJJGVTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium dihydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [Na+].OP(O)([O-])=O AJPJDKMHJJGVTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- SUKJFIGYRHOWBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium hypochlorite Chemical compound [Na+].Cl[O-] SUKJFIGYRHOWBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NVIFVTYDZMXWGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium metaborate Chemical compound [Na+].[O-]B=O NVIFVTYDZMXWGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012418 sodium perborate tetrahydrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940048086 sodium pyrophosphate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium silicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-][Si]([O-])=O NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052911 sodium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052938 sodium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000011152 sodium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000004328 sodium tetraborate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010339 sodium tetraborate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- IBDSNZLUHYKHQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium;3-oxidodioxaborirane;tetrahydrate Chemical compound O.O.O.O.[Na+].[O-]B1OO1 IBDSNZLUHYKHQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MWNQXXOSWHCCOZ-UHFFFAOYSA-L sodium;oxido carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[O-]OC([O-])=O MWNQXXOSWHCCOZ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004334 sorbic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000600 sorbitol Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010186 staining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229940012831 stearyl alcohol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000005846 sugar alcohols Polymers 0.000 description 1
- IIACRCGMVDHOTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfamic acid Chemical compound NS(O)(=O)=O IIACRCGMVDHOTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003871 sulfonates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000003470 sulfuric acid monoesters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000004381 surface treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920001059 synthetic polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 235000020357 syrup Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000006188 syrup Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013616 tea Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- KUCOHFSKRZZVRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N terephthalaldehyde Chemical compound O=CC1=CC=C(C=O)C=C1 KUCOHFSKRZZVRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 108010075550 termamyl Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 1
- UWHCKJMYHZGTIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetraethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCOCCOCCOCCO UWHCKJMYHZGTIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000004685 tetrahydrates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000001577 tetrasodium phosphonato phosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000003626 triacylglycerols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000003918 triazines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000005691 triesters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- FAGMGMRSURYROS-UHFFFAOYSA-M trihexadecyl(methyl)azanium;chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC[N+](C)(CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC)CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC FAGMGMRSURYROS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 150000004684 trihydrates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- GETQZCLCWQTVFV-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethylamine Chemical compound CN(C)C GETQZCLCWQTVFV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000404 tripotassium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000019798 tripotassium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000000391 vinyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 239000011800 void material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003169 water-soluble polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001285 xanthan gum Polymers 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
- C11D3/02—Inorganic compounds ; Elemental compounds
- C11D3/04—Water-soluble compounds
- C11D3/044—Hydroxides or bases
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D17/00—Detergent materials or soaps characterised by their shape or physical properties
- C11D17/0047—Detergents in the form of bars or tablets
- C11D17/0065—Solid detergents containing builders
- C11D17/0073—Tablets
- C11D17/0078—Multilayered tablets
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
- C11D3/16—Organic compounds
- C11D3/38—Products with no well-defined composition, e.g. natural products
- C11D3/386—Preparations containing enzymes, e.g. protease or amylase
- C11D3/38609—Protease or amylase in solid compositions only
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
- C11D3/16—Organic compounds
- C11D3/38—Products with no well-defined composition, e.g. natural products
- C11D3/386—Preparations containing enzymes, e.g. protease or amylase
- C11D3/38627—Preparations containing enzymes, e.g. protease or amylase containing lipase
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
- C11D3/16—Organic compounds
- C11D3/38—Products with no well-defined composition, e.g. natural products
- C11D3/386—Preparations containing enzymes, e.g. protease or amylase
- C11D3/38645—Preparations containing enzymes, e.g. protease or amylase containing cellulase
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
- C11D3/16—Organic compounds
- C11D3/38—Products with no well-defined composition, e.g. natural products
- C11D3/386—Preparations containing enzymes, e.g. protease or amylase
- C11D3/38672—Granulated or coated enzymes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D2111/00—Cleaning compositions characterised by the objects to be cleaned; Cleaning compositions characterised by non-standard cleaning or washing processes
- C11D2111/10—Objects to be cleaned
- C11D2111/12—Soft surfaces, e.g. textile
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for washing textile fabrics using surfactants, enzymes and, if appropriate, other customary components, and to a washing and / or cleaning agent which contains surfactants, enzymes and, if appropriate, other customary components.
- Detergent and bleach compositions containing a source of hydrogen peroxide and a peroxyacid bleach precursor (bleach activator) which provide an initial alkaline pH (pH 10-11) in the wash liquor and the delayed release of acid into the wash liquor to form one to achieve a reduced pH in the liquor are described in the prior art and are described, for example, in European patent applications EP-A-0 290 081 (Unilever) and EP-A-0 396 287 (Clorox) or EP 0 651 053 (P&G ) released.
- the respective coated ingredients vary: for example, in WO95 / 28464 the release of peracid is delayed compared to the release of a complexing agent, in WO95 / 28465 the release of peracid is delayed compared to the release of a builder and in W095 / 28467 an enzyme is released before the peracid is released.
- WO95 / 28466 describes the delayed release of an enzyme compared to the release of a surfactant
- WO95 / 28468 and WO95 / 28469 describe detergent compositions, in which the delivery of an enzyme is delayed compared to the delivery of a complexing agent for heavy metal ions or to a water-soluble builder.
- DE 197 04 634 A1 discloses a washing process for washing textile fabrics, in which the pH of the washing liquor after dissolving the agent is below 8 and, as the washing process progresses, gradually increases to values above 8.5 by dissolving a coated alkalizing agent, which enables the release of a specially coated ingredient and a delayed effect of this ingredient.
- alkalizing agents are bleaching agents, such as sodium percarbonate, which can be coated with a coating material which slowly dissolves in water regardless of the pH, while a bleach activator, preferably tetraacetylethylene diamine (TAED), is used as the specially coated ingredient.
- TAED tetraacetylethylene diamine
- Another problem is that the interaction of individual ingredients with one another can lead to a reduction in their activity, for example bleaching agents and alkalizing agents can reduce the activity of enzymes, such as protease.
- the object of the present invention was to develop a washing and / or cleaning agent which, by means of the targeted and defined release kinetics of individual ingredients, in particular bleaching, enables during the washing process, so that interactions of the individual ingredients and changes in the soiling due to premature release Ingredients avoided and thus an improvement in washing performance can be achieved.
- the improvement in washing performance should also be achieved in particular at low washing temperatures.
- the present invention relates to a method for washing textile fabrics using surfactant (s), enzyme (s),
- Alkalizing agent (s) and, where appropriate, other customary components, which is characterized in that the surfactants and, if appropriate, enzymes selected from amylase, lipase and cellulase, in the washing liquor after a time t ⁇ (t 0 to 1 min.) In an amount from 80 to
- the addition of the alkalizing agent shifts the pH of the wash liquor from the neutral to the alkaline range. It has proven to be particularly advantageous to only release the bleaching components when the wash liquor has a pH in this range, since the bleaching components develop their full activity at a pH between 9 and 10.
- aftertreatment agents such as components for post-wash treatment, such as fabric softener components, soil repellents, optical brighteners, care substances, ironing aids or fragrances, or in the case of dishwashing detergents, rinse aid surfactants, fragrances, optionally silver protective agents ect. , released.
- components for post-wash treatment such as fabric softener components, soil repellents, optical brighteners, care substances, ironing aids or fragrances, or in the case of dishwashing detergents, rinse aid surfactants, fragrances, optionally silver protective agents ect.
- the washing and / or cleaning agent according to the invention is preferably used in machine processes.
- the machine textile washing in a common European household washing machine usually takes 40 to 60 minutes at 60 ° C and 30 to 60 minutes at 30 ° C or 40 ° C.
- Dishwashing in a normal household dishwasher at 55 ° C or 65 ° C usually takes 20 to 60 minutes.
- the individual ingredients of the washing and cleaning agents according to the invention are released with a time delay, and the periods during which the components are released can also overlap.
- the agents according to the invention are in the form of so-called shaped bodies, in the state of the Technology also known as tablets, made up.
- the shaped bodies have several phases.
- phases are understood to mean partial areas of the shaped bodies. These partial areas can either be areas arranged one on top of the other or next to one another.
- the phases are arranged as a ring / core. It is also possible for one phase to form a shaped body which has a depression and for the second phase to be inserted or glued into this depression as a solid.
- the release of the individual ingredients at times ti and t 2 and, if appropriate, t 3 and t is preferably adjusted by the different solubility of the different phases which the individual ingredients contain.
- the solubility can be set, for example, by
- these are provided with coating materials that dissolve in the wash liquor with a defined kinetics. After their dissolution, there is a step-like, ideally sudden, release of the enveloped phase if possible.
- Preferred wrapping materials are fatty alcohols or fatty acids, which can optionally be mixed with other wrapping materials. A mixture of Called fatty alcohols and aluminum stearate.
- Some organic components such as fat derivatives, paraffins and waxes (melting temperature of the compounds between 25 and 90 ° C), polyethylene glycols and fatty acid esters thereof with a molecular weight of 300 to 1,700, combinations with magnesium oxide, vinyl chloride-ethylene copolymer emulsions or vinyl chloride-ethylene-methacrylate copolymer emulsions , Polycarboxylates or other water-soluble polymers such as
- PVAI cellulose ether
- HPC HPC
- HPMC HPMC
- CMC polysaccharides
- the coating materials can be applied from the melt or from solutions or dispersions, the solvent or emulsifier being removed by evaporation. Application as a fine powder, for example by electrostatic techniques, is also possible, although this method leads to irregular and poorly adhering coatings.
- the coating materials can be applied to particles in agitators, mixers and granulators. However, it is preferred to apply the coating materials in a fluidized bed, it being possible for the particles to be sized at the same time. If the wrapping materials lead to sticky products under certain circumstances, it may make sense to apply finely divided substances to the wrapped phases ("dewing").
- All fine-particle substances can be used as powdering agents, although other detergent components such as builder substances can also be used. Zeolites, silicates, polymeric polycarboxylates, carbonates, citrates, starch, cellulose derivatives etc. are preferably used as additional powdering agents.
- LCST substances can also be used as coating materials, in particular for tablet phases which are only to become effective in the rinse cycles.
- LCST substances are substances that have better solubility at low temperatures than at higher temperatures. They are also referred to as substances with a lower critical segregation temperature.
- the lower critical separation temperature should be between room temperature and the temperature of the heat treatment, for example between 20 ° C., preferably 25 ° C. and 100 ° C., in particular between 25 ° C. and 50 ° C.
- the LCST substances are preferably selected from alkylated and / or hydroxyalkylated polysaccharides, cellulose ethers, polyisopropylacrylamide, copolymers of polyisopropylacrylamide and blends of these substances.
- alkylated and / or hydroxyalkylated polysaccharides are hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose (HPMC), ethyl (hydroxyethyl) cellulose (EHEC), hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC), methyl cellulose (MC), ethyl cellulose (EC), propyl cellulose (PC), carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC),
- CMMC Carboxymethylmethylcellulose
- HBC Hydroxybutylcellulose
- HBMC Hydroxybutylmethylcellulose
- HEC Hydrdoxyethylcellulose
- HEC Hydroxyethylcarboxymethylcellulose
- HEEC Hydroxyethylethylcellulose
- HPC Hydroxypropylcellulose
- HPC HydroxypropylcarboxethylMethylcellulose
- MHEPC HydroxypropylcarboxethylMethylcellulose
- MHEPC Methylhydroxyethylpropyl cellulose
- LCST substances are polyvinyl kaprolactam, cellulose ether and mixtures of cellulose ethers with carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC).
- CMC carboxymethyl cellulose
- Other polymers which show a lower critical segregation temperature in water and which are also suitable are polymers of mono- or di-N-alkylated acrylamides, copolymers of mono- or di-N-substituted acrylamides with acrylates and / or acrylic acids or mixtures of intertwined networks of the above (co) polymers.
- polyethylene oxide or copolymers thereof such as ethylene oxide / propylene oxide copolymers and graft copolymers of alkylated acrylamides with polyethylene oxide, polymethacrylic acid, polyvinyl alcohol and copolymers thereof, Polyvinyl methyl ether, certain proteins such as poly (VATGW), a repeating unit in the natural protein elastin and certain alginates.
- VATGW polyvinyl methyl ether
- Mixtures of these polymers with salts, low molecular weight organic compounds or surfactants can also be used as the LCST substance.
- the LCST lower critical separation temperature
- the envelope materials are used in such quantities that an optimal interaction of the individual components and thus an exactly controlled release is made possible.
- the amount of coating material will be measured. Preferred embodiments use less than 20% by weight of shell material, based on the amount of the coated particles, in particular less than 10% by weight of shell material is preferred.
- disintegration aids in order to facilitate the disintegration of highly compressed moldings, disintegration aids, so-called tablet disintegrants, can be incorporated into them in order to shorten the disintegration times. These substances are suitable, for example, to accelerate the release of individual shaped body areas compared to other areas.
- tablet disintegrants or disintegration accelerators are understood as auxiliary substances which are necessary for the rapid disintegration of tablets in water or gastric juice and ensure the release of the pharmaceuticals in absorbable form.
- Preferred detergent tablets contain 0.5 to 20% by weight, preferably 3 to 15% by weight and in particular 4 to 10% by weight of one or more disintegration auxiliaries, in each case based on the weight of the tablet. If only a proportion of the shaped body contains disintegration aids, the information given relates only to the weight of this proportion.
- Disintegrants based on cellulose are used as preferred disintegrants in the context of the present invention, so that preferred detergent tablets have such a disintegrant based on cellulose in amounts of 0.5 to 10% by weight, preferably 3 to 7% by weight and in particular 4 contain up to 6 wt .-%.
- Pure cellulose has the formal gross composition (C 6 H ⁇ oO 5 ) n and, formally speaking, is a ß-1, 4-polyacetal of cellobiose, which in turn is made up of two molecules of glucose. Suitable celluloses consist of approximately 500 to 5000 glucose units and consequently have average molecular weights of 50,000 to 500,000.
- Cellulose-based disintegrants which can be used in the context of the present invention are also cellulose derivatives which can be obtained from cellulose by polymer-analogous reactions.
- Such chemically modified celluloses include, for example, products from esterifications or etherifications in which hydroxy hydrogen atoms have been substituted.
- celluloses in which the hydroxyl groups have been replaced by functional groups which are not bound via an oxygen atom can also be used as cellulose derivatives.
- the group of cellulose derivatives includes, for example, alkali celluloses, carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), cellulose esters and ethers and aminocelluloses.
- the cellulose derivatives mentioned are preferably not used alone as a cellulose-based disintegrant, but are used in a mixture with cellulose.
- the cellulose derivative content of these mixtures is preferably below 50% by weight, particularly preferably below 20% by weight, based on the cellulose-based disintegrant. Pure cellulose which is free from cellulose derivatives is particularly preferably used as the disintegrant based on cellulose.
- the cellulose used as disintegration aid is preferably not used in finely divided form, but is converted into a coarser form, for example granulated or compacted, before being added to the premixes to be pressed.
- Detergent tablets which contain disintegrants in granular or, if appropriate, cogranulated form are described in German patent applications DE 197 09 991 (Stefan Herzog) and DE 197 10 254 (Henkel) and in international patent application WO98 / 40463 (Henkel). These documents can also be found in more detail on the production of granulated, compacted or cogranulated cellulose disintegrants.
- the particle sizes of such disintegrants are usually above 200 ⁇ m, preferably at least 90% by weight between 300 and 1600 ⁇ m and in particular at least 90% by weight between 400 and 1200 ⁇ m.
- the above and described in more detail in the documents cited coarser disintegration aids, are preferred as disintegration aids and are commercially available, for example under the name of Arbocel ® TF-30-HG from Rettenmaier available in the present invention.
- Microcrystalline cellulose can be used as a further cellulose-based disintegrant or as a component of this component.
- This microcrystalline cellulose is obtained by partial hydrolysis of celluloses under conditions which only attack and completely dissolve the amorphous areas (approx. 30% of the total cellulose mass) of the celluloses, but leave the crystalline areas (approx. 70%) undamaged.
- a subsequent disaggregation of the microfine celluloses produced by the hydrolysis provides the microcrystalline celluloses, which have primary particle sizes of approximately 5 ⁇ m and can be compacted, for example, into granules with an average particle size of 200 ⁇ m.
- Detergent tablets preferred in the context of the present invention additionally contain a disintegration aid, preferably a cellulose-based disintegration aid, preferably in granular, cogranulated or compacted form, in amounts of 0.5 to 10% by weight, preferably 3 to 7% by weight. -% and in particular from 4 to 6 wt .-%, each based on the weight of the molded body.
- a disintegration aid preferably a cellulose-based disintegration aid, preferably in granular, cogranulated or compacted form, in amounts of 0.5 to 10% by weight, preferably 3 to 7% by weight. -% and in particular from 4 to 6 wt .-%, each based on the weight of the molded body.
- Binders are to be mentioned as further ingredients, with the help of which the release of the active substances can be controlled, whereby both surfactant and non-surfactant binders can be used.
- surfactant binders are liquid nonionic surfactants as described below for the surfactants.
- non-surfactant binder characterizes binders that do not belong to the class of surfactants.
- Water-soluble binders in the sense of the present application are binders which are completely, i.e. without miscibility gap, are miscible.
- liquid binder finally refers to the physical state of the binder at 25 ° C and 1013.25 mbar.
- non-surfactant, water-soluble or liquid binder Preferred amounts in which the non-surfactant, water-soluble or liquid binder is used are within a narrower range, so that preferred detergent tablets have a content of non-surfactant, water-soluble, liquid binder of 0.5 to 7.5% by weight. %, preferably from 0.75 to 5% by weight and in particular from 1 to 3% by weight, in each case based on the weight of the shaped body.
- the binders contained in the detergent tablets according to the invention are that they mix completely with water or in Disperse water.
- binders substances from the group of polyethylene glycols and polypropylene glycols, glycerin, glycerol carbonate, ethylene glycol, propylene glycol and propylene carbonate have proven to be suitable binders.
- Waxes and paraffins are also examples of water-insoluble but dispersible binders.
- Polymeric binders such as polycarboxylates can also be used.
- Polyethylene glycols which can be used according to the invention are polymers of ethylene glycol which have the general formula I
- n can have values between 1 (ethylene glycol, see below) and approx. 16.
- the decisive factor in evaluating whether a polyethylene glycol can be used according to the invention is the physical state of the PEG at room temperature, i.e. the freezing point of the PEG must be below 25 ° C.
- the specification of the average relative molecular weight following the specification "PEG” is so technically customary, so that "PEG 200” characterizes a polyethylene glycol with a relative molecular weight of approximately 190 to approximately 210. According to this nomenclature, the technically customary polyethylene glycols PEG 200, PEG 300, PEG 400 and PEG 600 can be used in the context of the present invention.
- polyethylene glycols are, for example, under the trade name Carbowax ® PEG 200 (Union Carbide), Emkapol ® 200 (ICI Americas), Lipoxol ® 200 MED (Huls America), polyglycol ® E-200 (Dow Chemical), Alkapol ® PEG 300 (Rhone -Poulenc), Lutrol ® E300 (BASF) and the corresponding trade names with higher numbers.
- Polypropylene glycols which can be used according to the invention are polymers of propylene glycol which have the general formula II
- n values can be between 1 (propylene glycol, see below) and approx. 12.
- n values can be between 1 (propylene glycol, see below) and approx. 12.
- Glycerin is a colorless, clear, difficult to move, odorless, sweet-tasting hygroscopic liquid with a density of 1.261 that solidifies at 18.2 ° C. Glycerin was originally only a by-product of fat saponification, but is now technically synthesized in large quantities. Most technical processes are based on propene, which is processed into glycerol via the intermediate stages allyl chloride, epichlorohydrin. Another technical process is the hydroxylation of allyl alcohol with hydrogen peroxide at the WO 3 contact via the glycide stage.
- Glycerol carbonate can be obtained by transesterification of ethylene carbonate or dimethyl carbonate with glycerin, ethylene glycol or methanol being obtained as by-products. Another synthetic route starts from glycidol (2,3-epoxy-1-propanol), which is converted under pressure in the presence of catalysts with CO 2 to form glycerol carbonate. Glycerol carbonate is a clear, easily movable liquid with a density of 1, 398 "3 , which boils at 125-130 ° C (0.15 mbar).
- Ethylene glycol (1, 2-ethanediol, "glycol") is a colorless, viscous, sweet-tasting, highly hygroscopic liquid that is miscible with water, alcohols and acetone and has a density of 1.113.
- the solidification point of ethylene glycol is -11.5 ° C, the liquid boils at 198 ° C.
- ethylene glycol is obtained from ethylene oxide by heating with water under pressure. Promising manufacturing processes can also be based on the acetoxylation of ethylene and subsequent hydrolysis or on synthesis gas reactions.
- 1,3-propanediol 1,2-propanediol
- 1,2-propanediol 1, 3-propanediol (trimethylene glycol) is a neutral, colorless and odorless, sweet-tasting liquid with a density of 1, 0597 that solidifies at -32 ° C and boils at 214 ° C.
- 1,3-propanediol can be produced from acrolein and water with subsequent catalytic hydrogenation.
- 2-propanediol (propylene glycol), which is an oily, colorless, almost odorless liquid, density 1, 0381, which solidifies at -60 ° C and boils at 188 ° C.
- 2-propanediol is made from propylene oxide by adding water.
- Propylene carbonate is a bright, easily moving liquid with a density of 1, 2057 "3 , the melting point is -49 ° C, the boiling point is 242 ° C. Also on a large scale, propylene carbonate is at 200 ° C due to the reaction of propylene oxide and CO 2 and 80 bar accessible.
- Nonionic, anionic surfactants, zwitterionic and also cationic surfactants can be used as surfactants.
- Anionic surfactants used are, for example, those of the sulfonate and sulfate type.
- Suitable surfactants of the sulfonate type are preferably come Cg_ 13 alkyl benzene sulfonates, olefin sulfonates, ie mixtures of alkene and hydroxyalkane sulfonates, and the disulfonates obtained, for example, from C 12th 18 monoolefins with terminal or internal double bond by sulfonation with gaseous sulfur trioxide and subsequent alkaline or acidic hydrolysis of the sulfonation products.
- alkanesulfonates which are obtained from C 2 - 1 8-alkanes, for example by sulfochlorination or sulfoxidation with subsequent hydrolysis or neutralization.
- the esters of sulfo fatty acids for example the ⁇ -sulfonated methyl esters of hydrogenated coconut, palm kernel or tallow fatty acids, are also suitable.
- sulfonated fatty acid glycerol esters are sulfonated fatty acid glycerol esters.
- Fatty acid glycerol esters are to be understood as meaning the mono-, di- and triesters and their mixtures as obtained in the production by esterification of a monoglycerol with 1 to 3 moles of fatty acid or in the transesterification of triglycerides with 0.3 to 2 moles of glycerol.
- Preferred sulfated fatty acid glycerol esters are the sulfonation products of saturated fatty acids having 6 to 22 carbon atoms, for example caproic acid, caprylic acid, capric acid, myristic acid, lauric acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid or behenic acid.
- alk (en) yl sulfates the alkali and in particular the sodium salts of the sulfuric acid semiesters of the C- ⁇ 2 -Ci 8 fatty alcohols, for example from coconut fatty alcohol, tallow fatty alcohol, lauryl, myristyl, cetyl or stearyl alcohol or the C ⁇ o ⁇ C 2 o -Oxo alcohols and those half esters of secondary alcohols of this chain length are preferred.
- alk (en) yl sulfates of the chain length mentioned which contain a synthetic, straight-chain alkyl radical prepared on a petrochemical basis and which have a degradation behavior analogous to that of the adequate compounds based on oleochemical raw materials.
- C 2 -C 16 alkyl sulfates and C 2 -C 5 alkyl sulfates and C 15 -C 15 alkyl sulfates are preferred for reasons of washing technology.
- 2,3-alkyl sulfates which are produced for example in accordance with US Patent No. 3,234,258 or 5,075,041 and can be obtained as commercial products from Shell Oil Company under the name DAN ®, are suitable anionic surfactants.
- the sulfuric acid monoesters of the straight-chain or branched C - 2 - ⁇ -alcohols ethoxylated with 1 to 6 mol of ethylene oxide such as 2-methyl-branched Cg-n- Alcohols with an average of 3.5 moles of ethylene oxide (EO) or C ⁇ 2 -i 8 fatty alcohols with 1 to 4 EO are suitable. Because of their high foaming behavior, they are used in cleaning agents only in relatively small amounts, for example in amounts of 1 to 5% by weight.
- Suitable anionic surfactants are also the salts of alkylsulfosuccinic acid, which are also referred to as sulfosuccinates or as sulfosuccinic acid esters and which are monoesters and / or diesters of sulfosuccinic acid with alcohols, preferably fatty alcohols and especially ethoxylated fatty alcohols.
- Preferred sulfosuccinates contain Cs-i ⁇ fatty alcohol residues or mixtures thereof.
- Particularly preferred sulfosuccinates contain a fatty alcohol residue which is derived from ethoxylated fatty alcohols, which in themselves are nonionic surfactants (description see below).
- alk (en) ylsuccinic acid with preferably 8 to 18 carbon atoms in the alk (en) yl chain or salts thereof.
- Soaps are particularly suitable as further anionic surfactants.
- Saturated fatty acid soaps are suitable, such as the salts of lauric acid, myristic acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid, hydrogenated erucic acid and behenic acid, and in particular from natural fatty acids, e.g. Coconut, palm kernel or tallow fatty acids, derived soap mixtures.
- the anionic surfactants can be in the form of their sodium, potassium or ammonium salts and also as soluble salts of organic bases, such as mono-, di- or triethanolamine.
- the anionic surfactants are preferably in the form of their sodium or potassium salts, in particular in the form of the sodium salts.
- At least a portion, preferably at least 50%, of the anionic surfactants is preferably applied to a carrier material.
- carrier materials are alkali carbonates, alkali sulfates, alkali citrates, alkali phosphates, Silicas, zeolites, citric acid and their mixtures.
- pH-neutral carrier materials such as silica gel, starch, cellulose and cellulose derivatives, neutral-reacting phosphates, alkali sulfates, polyacrylate derivatives, etc.
- the agents according to the invention can also use other surfactants, e.g. B. contain nonionic and amphoteric surfactants.
- the nonionic surfactants used are preferably alkoxylated, advantageously ethoxylated, in particular primary alcohols having preferably 8 to 18 carbon atoms and an average of 1 to 12 moles of ethylene oxide (EO) per mole of alcohol, in which the alcohol radical can be linear or preferably methyl-branched in the 2-position or may contain linear and methyl-branched radicals in the mixture, as are usually present in oxo alcohol radicals.
- EO ethylene oxide
- alcohol ethoxylates with linear residues of alcohols of native origin with 12 to 18 carbon atoms, for example from coconut, palm, tallow or oleyl alcohol, and an average of 2 to 8 EO per mole of alcohol are particularly preferred.
- the preferred ethoxylated alcohols include, for example, -C 2 -i 4 alcohols with 3 EO or 4 EO, Cg-n alcohol with 7 EO, C ⁇ 3 -i5 alcohols with 3 EO, 5 EO, 7 EO or 8 EO, C ⁇ 2nd ⁇ 8 alcohols with 3 EO, 5 EO or 7 EO and mixtures of these, such as mixtures of C ⁇ 2 - ⁇ 4 alcohol with 3 EO and C ⁇ 2 -i 8 alcohol with 5 EO.
- the degrees of ethoxylation given represent statistical averages, which can be an integer or a fraction for a specific product.
- Preferred alcohol ethoxylates have a narrow homolog distribution (narrow range ethoxylates, NRE).
- fatty alcohols with more than 12 EO can also be used. Examples of this are tallow fatty alcohol with 14 EO, 25 EO, 30 EO or 40 EO.
- nonionic surfactants which are used either as the sole nonionic surfactant or in combination with other nonionic surfactants, are alkoxylated, preferably ethoxylated or ethoxylated and propoxylated, fatty acid alkyl esters, preferably with 1 to 4 carbon atoms in the alkyl chain, in particular fatty acid methyl esters, as described for example in Japanese patent application JP 58/217598 or which are preferably prepared by the process described in international patent application WO-A-90/13533.
- alkyl polyglycosides Another class of nonionic surfactants that can be used advantageously are the alkyl polyglycosides (APG).
- Alkypolyglycosides which can be used satisfy the general formula RO (G) z , in which R denotes a linear or branched, in particular methyl-branched, saturated or unsaturated, aliphatic radical having 8 to 22, preferably 12 to 18, carbon atoms and G is Is symbol which stands for a glycose unit with 5 or 6 carbon atoms, preferably for glucose.
- the degree of glycosidation z is between 1.0 and 4.0, preferably between 1.0 and 2.0 and in particular between 1.1 and 1.4.
- Linear alkyl polyglucosides, ie alkyl polyglycosides, in which the polyglycosyl radical is a glucose radical and the alkyl radical is an n-alkyl radical are preferably used.
- Nonionic surfactants of the amine oxide type for example N-coconut alkyl-N, N-dimethylamine oxide and N-tallow alkyl-N, N-dihydroxyethylamine oxide, and the fatty acid alkanolamides can also be suitable.
- the amount of these nonionic surfactants is preferably not more than that of the ethoxylated fatty alcohols, in particular not more than half of them.
- surfactants are polyhydroxy fatty acid amides of the formula (II),
- RCO stands for an aliphatic acyl radical with 6 to 22 carbon atoms
- R ⁇ for hydrogen, an alkyl or hydroxyalkyl radical with 1 to 4 carbon atoms
- [Z] for a linear or branched polyhydroxyalkyl radical with 3 to 10 carbon atoms and 3 to 10 hydroxyl groups.
- the polyhydroxy fatty acid amides are known substances that can usually be obtained by reductive amination of a reducing sugar with ammonia, an alkylamine or an alkanolamine and subsequent acylation with a fatty acid, a fatty acid alkyl ester or a fatty acid chloride.
- the group of polyhydroxy fatty acid amides also includes compounds of the formula (III)
- R represents a linear or branched alkyl or alkenyl radical having 7 to 12 carbon atoms
- R 1 represents a linear, branched or cyclic alkyl radical or an aryl radical having 2 to 8 carbon atoms
- R 2 represents a linear, branched or cyclic alkyl radical or an aryl radical or an oxy-alkyl radical having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, C 1 -C 8 -alkyl or phenyl radicals being preferred
- [Z] being a linear polyhydroxyalkyl radical whose alkyl chain is substituted by at least two hydroxyl groups, or alkoxylated, preferably ethoxylated or propylated, derivatives of this rest.
- [Z] is preferably obtained by reductive amination of a reduced sugar, for example glucose, fructose, maltose, lactose, galactose, mannose or xylose.
- a reduced sugar for example glucose, fructose, maltose, lactose, galactose, mannose or xylose.
- the N-alkoxy- or N-aryloxy-substituted compounds can then be converted, for example according to the teaching of international application WO-A-95/07331, into the desired polyhydroxy fatty acid amides by reaction with fatty acid methyl esters in the presence of an alkoxide as catalyst.
- cationic surfactants are especially quaternary ammonium salts.
- Ammonium compounds, cationic polymers and emulsifiers are usually used as textile softeners. Their release is therefore preferably carried out only in the rinse cycle, ie in phase V of the process according to the invention. Suitable examples are quaternary ammonium compounds of the formulas (III) and (IV),
- R a and R b is an acyclic alkyl radical having 12 to 24 carbon atoms
- R c is a saturated C 1 -C 4 alkyl or hydroxyalkyl radical
- R d is either equal to R a , R b or R c or for is an aromatic residue.
- X " stands for either a halide, methosulfate, methophosphate or phosphate ion and mixtures thereof.
- Examples of cationic compounds of the formula (III) are didecyldimethylammonium chloride, ditallow dimethylammonium chloride or dihexadecylammonium chloride.
- Ester quats are so-called ester quats. Esterquats are characterized by excellent biodegradability.
- R e stands for an aliphatic acyl radical having 12 to 22 carbon atoms with 0, 1, 2 or 3 double bonds
- R f stands for H, OH or O (CO) R h
- R 9 stands independently of R f for H, OH or O (CO) R '
- R h and R 1 each independently represent an aliphatic acyl radical with 12 to 22 carbon atoms with 0, 1, 2 or 3 double bonds
- m, n and p can each independently have the value 1, 2 or 3.
- X " can be either a halide, methosulfate, methophosphate or phosphate ion and mixtures of these.
- Preferred are compounds which, for R f, the group O (CO) R h and for R c and R h alkyl radicals having 16 to 18 carbon atoms
- Compounds in which R 9 is also OH are particularly preferred, and examples of compounds of the formula (IV) are methyl-N- (2-hydroxyethyl) -N, N-di (tallow acyl-oxyethyl) ammonium methosulfate, bis - (Palmitoyl) -ethyl-hydroxyethyl-methyl-ammonium-methosulfate or methyl-N, N-bis (acyloxyethyl) -N- (2-hydroxyethyl) -ammonium-methosulfate, using quaternized compounds of formula (IV) which are unsaturated Alkyl chains are preferred, the
- methylhydroxyalkyldialkoyloxyalkylammonium methosulfates sold by Stepan under the trademark Stepantex ® or the products from Cognis known under Dehyquart ® or the products from Goldschmidt-Witco known under Rewoquat ® .
- Further preferred compounds are the diesterquats of the formula (V), which are available under the names Rewoquat ® W 222 LM or CR 3099 and, in addition to the softness, also ensure stability and color protection.
- R k and R 1 each independently represent an aliphatic acyl radical having 12 to 22 carbon atoms with 0, 1, 2 or 3 double bonds.
- R m is H or a saturated alkyl radical with 1 to 4 carbon atoms
- R ⁇ and R ° independently of one another each represent an aliphatic, saturated or unsaturated alkyl radical with 12 to 18 carbon atoms
- R n alternatively also for O (CO) R p
- R p is an aliphatic, saturated or unsaturated alkyl radical having 12 to 18 carbon atoms
- Z is an NH-- Means group or oxygen
- X ⁇ is an anion.
- q can take integer values between 1 and 4.
- R q , R r and R s independently of one another represent a C 1-4 alkyl, alkenyl or hydroxyalkyl group
- R * and R u each independently represent a Cs- 28 alkyl group
- r is a number between 0 and 5.
- Protonated alkylamine compounds which have a softening effect and the non-quaternized, protonated precursors of the cationic emulsifiers are also suitable.
- the quaternized protein hydrolyzates are further cationic compounds which can be used according to the invention.
- Suitable cationic polymers include the polyquaternium polymers as described in the CTFA Cosmetic Ingredient Dictionary (The Cosmetic, Toiletry and Fragrance, Inc., 1997), in particular the polyquaternium-6, polyquaternium-7, polyquaternium-also known as merquats. 10-polymers (Ucare Polymer IR 400; Amerchol), polyquaternium-4 copolymers, such as graft copolymers with a cellulose skeleton and quaternary ammonium groups which are bonded via allyldimethylammonium chloride, cationic cellulose derivatives, such as cationic guar, such as guar hydroxypropyltriammonium chloride, and similar quaternized guar derivatives (e.g.
- polyquatem for example, Luviquat Care by BASF.
- cationic biopolymers based on chitin and derivatives thereof for example, under the trade designation chitosan ® (manufacturer: Cognis) polymer obtainable.
- cationic silicone oils such as, for example, the commercially available products Q2-7224 (manufacturer: Dow Corning; a stabilized trimethylsilylamodimethicone), Dow Corning 929 emulsion (containing a hydroxylamino-modified silicone, which is also referred to as amodimethicone), SM -2059 (manufacturer: General Electric), SLM- 55067 (manufacturer: Wacker) Abil ® -Quat 3270 and 3272 (manufacturer: Goldschmidt- Rewo; diquartary polydimethylsiloxanes, Quatemium-80), and silicone quat Rewoquat ® SQ 1 (Tegopren ® 6922, Manufacturer: Goldschmidt-Rewo).
- Q2-7224 commercially available products
- Dow Corning a stabilized trimethylsilylamodimethicone
- Dow Corning 929 emulsion containing a hydroxylamino-modified silicone,
- the alkylamidoamines can be in their non-quaternized or, as shown, their quaternized form.
- R can be an aliphatic acyl radical with 12 to 22 Carbon atoms with 0, 1, 2 or 3 double bonds, s can take values between 0 and 5.
- R w and R x each independently represent H, Ci-4-alkyl or hydroxyalkyl.
- Preferred compounds are fatty acid amidoamines such as the stearylamidopropyldimethylamine available under the name Tego Amid ® S 18 or the 3-tallowamidopropyl trimethylammonium methosulfate available under the name Stepantex ® X 9124, which not only have a good conditioning effect but also an ink transfer inhibiting effect and especially their good effect distinguish biodegradability.
- Surfactants according to the invention are preferably present in total in an amount of 5% by weight to 50% by weight, in particular 8% by weight to 30% by weight, based on the finished agent.
- Enzymes which can be used in the agents are those from the class of oxidases, proteases, lipases, cutinases, amylases, pullulanases, cellulases, hemicellulases, xylanases and peroxidases and mixtures thereof, for example proteases such as BLAP®, Optimase®, Opticlean®, Maxacal ®, Maxapem®, Alcalase®, Esperase® and / or Savinase®, amylases such as Termamyl®, Amylase-LT®, Maxamyl®, Duramyl® and / or Purafect® OxAm, lipases such as Lipolase®, Lipomax®, Lumafast® and / or Lipozym®, cellulases such as Celluzyme® and or Carezyme®.
- proteases such as BLAP®, Optimase®, Opticlean®, Maxacal ®, Maxapem®, Alca
- Enzymes obtained from fungi or bacteria such as Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus licheniformis, Streptomyces griseus, Humicola lanuginosa, Humicola insolens, Pseudomonas pseudoalcaligenes or Pseudomonas cepacia are particularly suitable.
- the enzymes which may be used can be adsorbed on carriers and / or embedded in coating substances in order to protect them against premature inactivation. They are in the detergents according to the invention preferably in amounts of up to 10% by weight, in particular from 0.2% by weight to 2% by weight, contain, particularly preferably enzymes stabilized against oxidative degradation are used.
- Suitable alkalizing agents are all substances known in the field of washing and / or cleaning agents which have an alkaline reaction in water.
- Soluble alkalizing agents such as alkali carbonates and their hydrates and peroxyhydrates, phosphates such as e.g. Sodium tripolyphosphate, soluble silicates such as e.g. Water glasses, alkali hydroxides, carboxylates or so-called persalts, such as Na perborate, can be used.
- Suitable examples are the insoluble alkali silicates also known as builders, as are described in more detail below. Mixtures of several alkalizing agents are also suitable. In order to set a release of the alkalizing agent to the period defined according to the invention, it has proven to be advantageous to retard the solubility by means of a suitable coating and / or by means of a coarse particle size.
- the agents according to the invention generally contain one or more builders, in particular zeolites, silicates, carbonates, organic cobuilders and - where there are no ecological prejudices against their use - the phosphates.
- builders in particular zeolites, silicates, carbonates, organic cobuilders and - where there are no ecological prejudices against their use - the phosphates.
- the latter are builders to be used with particular preference in detergent tablets for machine dishwashing.
- the builders mentioned below are also suitable as alkalizing agents.
- the builders are usually in finely divided form, ie in a particle size of 0.1 to 10 ⁇ m.
- Many builders have latent alkaline properties, ie overall they have a pH-neutral effect because of their insolubility, but they have groups with an alkaline effect on their surface. Since the particles are filtered out by the textiles and therefore come into intensive contact with the stains, they locally create an alkaline environment there, which has a negative effect on the washability, especially of bleachable stains, although a macroscopically neutral pH value can be present.
- a further increase in the washing effect can be achieved if the insoluble, finely divided builders form larger agglomerates are granulated using neutral granulation aids or are present as coarser particles.
- agglomerates slowly disintegrate during the washing process and release the primary particles.
- the coarser particles prevent fine dispersion in the first few minutes of the wash cycle.
- Cellulose derivatives, polyvinyl alcohols, polycarboxylates, polyvinyl pyrrolidone and their copolymers are particularly suitable as granulation aids.
- Suitable crystalline, layered sodium silicates have the general formula NaMSi x O 2x + ⁇ ⁇ 2 O, where M is sodium or hydrogen, x is a number from 1, 9 to 4 and y is a number from 0 to 20 and preferred values for x 2 , 3 or 4 are.
- Preferred crystalline layered silicates of the formula given are those in which M represents sodium and x assumes the values 2 or 3. In particular, both SS and ⁇ -sodium Na 2 Si 2 O ⁇ yH 2 O preferred.
- the delay in dissolution compared to conventional amorphous sodium silicates can have been brought about in various ways, for example by surface treatment, compounding, compacting / compaction, by overdrying or by coating.
- the term “amorphous” is also understood to mean “X-ray amorphous”.
- silicates in X-ray diffraction experiments do not provide sharp X-ray reflections, as are typical for crystalline substances, but at most one or more maxima of the scattered X-rays, which have a width of several degree units of the diffraction angle.
- it can very well lead to particularly good builder properties if the silicate particles deliver washed-out or even sharp diffraction maxima in electron diffraction experiments.
- This is to be interpreted as meaning that the products have microcrystalline areas of size 10 to a few hundred nm, values up to max. 50 nm and in particular up to max. 20 nm are preferred.
- Compacted / compacted amorphous silicates, compounded amorphous silicates and over-dried X-ray amorphous silicates are particularly preferred.
- the finely crystalline, synthetic and bound water-containing zeolite used is preferably zeolite A and / or P.
- zeolite P zeolite MAP® (commercial product from Crosfield) is particularly preferred.
- zeolite X and mixtures of A, X and / or P are also suitable.
- Commercially available and can preferably be used in the context of the present invention for example a co-crystallizate of zeolite X and zeolite A (about 80% by weight of zeolite X) ), which is sold by CONDEA Augusta SpA under the brand name VEGOBOND AX ® and by the formula
- Suitable zeolites have an average particle size of less than 10 ⁇ m (volume distribution; measurement method: Coulter Counter) and preferably contain 18 to 22% by weight, in particular 20 to 22% by weight, of bound water.
- the alkali metal phosphates with particular preference for pentasodium or pentapotassium triphosphate (sodium or potassium tripolyphosphate), are of the greatest importance in the detergent and cleaning agent industry.
- Alkali metal phosphates is the summary term for the alkali metal (especially sodium and potassium) salts of the various phosphoric acids, in which one can distinguish between metaphosphoric acids (HPOs) n and orthophosphoric acid H 3 PO 4 in addition to higher molecular weight representatives.
- the phosphates combine several advantages: They act as alkali carriers, prevent limescale deposits on machine parts and lime incrustations in tissues and also contribute to cleaning performance.
- Sodium dihydrogen phosphate, NaH 2 PO 4 exists as a dihydrate (density 1.91 like "3 , melting point 60 °) and as a monohydrate (density 2.04 like " 3 ).
- Both salts are white, water-soluble powders, which lose water of crystallization when heated and into the weakly acidic diphosphate (disodium hydrogen diphosphate, Na 2 H 2 P 2 O) at 200 ° C, and at higher temperature in sodium trimetaphosphate (Na 3 P 3 ⁇ 9 ) and Maddrell's salt (see below).
- NaH 2 P0 4 is acidic; it occurs when phosphoric acid is adjusted to a pH of 4.5 with sodium hydroxide solution and the mash is sprayed.
- Potassium dihydrogen phosphate (primary or monobasic potassium phosphate, potassium biphosphate, KDP), KH 2 PO 4 , is a white salt with a density of 2.33 "3 , has a melting point of 253 ° [decomposition to form potassium polyphosphate (KPO 3 ) x ] and is light soluble in water.
- Disodium hydrogen phosphate (secondary sodium phosphate), Na 2 HPO 4 , is a colorless, very easily water-soluble crystalline salt. It exists anhydrous and with 2 mol. (Density 2.066 gladly “3 , water loss at 95 °), 7 mol. (Density 1, 68 gladly “ 3 , melting point 48 ° with loss of 5 H 2 O) and 12 mol. Water ( Density 1.52 gcm “ 3 , melting point 35 ° with loss of 5 H 2 O), becomes anhydrous at 100 ° and changes to diphosphate Na 4 P 2 O when heated.
- Disodium hydrogenphosphate is used by neutralizing phosphoric acid with soda solution produced by phenolphthalein as an indicator
- Dipotassium hydrogen phosphate (secondary or dibasic potassium phosphate), K 2 HPO 4 , is an amorphous, white salt that is easily soluble in water.
- Trisodium phosphate, tertiary sodium phosphate, Na 3 PO 4 are colorless crystals which, as dodecahydrate, have a density of 1.62 "3 and a melting point of 73-76 ° C (decomposition), as decahydrate (corresponding to 19-20% P 2 O 5 ) have a melting point of 100 ° C. and, in anhydrous form (corresponding to 39-40% P 2 0 5 ), a density of 2.536 ′′ 3 .
- Trisodium phosphate is readily soluble in water with an alkaline reaction and is produced by evaporating a solution of exactly 1 mol of disodium phosphate and 1 mol of NaOH.
- Tripotassium phosphate (tertiary or triphase potassium phosphate), K3PO 4 , is a white, deliquescent, granular powder with a density of 2.56 "3 , has a melting point of 1340 ° and is easily soluble in water with an alkaline reaction. It is formed, for example, when Thomas slag is heated with carbon and potassium sulfate. Despite the higher price, the cleaning agent industry does easily soluble, therefore highly effective, potassium phosphates often preferred over corresponding sodium compounds.
- Tetrasodium diphosphate (sodium pyrophosphate), Na 4 P 2 O 7 , exists in anhydrous form (density 2.534 like “3 , melting point 988 °, also given 880 °) and as decahydrate (density 1, 815-1, 836 like " 3 , melting point 94 ° with water loss). Substances are colorless crystals that are soluble in water with an alkaline reaction. Na 4 P 2 O 7 is formed by heating disodium phosphate to> 200 ° or by reacting phosphoric acid with soda in a stoichiometric ratio and dewatering the solution by spraying. The decahydrate complexes heavy metal salts and hardness formers and therefore reduces the hardness of the water.
- Potassium diphosphate (potassium pyrophosphate), K 4 P 2 O, exists in the form of the trihydrate and is a colorless, hygroscopic powder with a density of 2.33, preferably 3 , which is soluble in water, the pH of the 1% solution at 25 ° is 10.4.
- Condensation of the NaH 2 PO or the KH 2 PO 4 produces higher moles.
- Sodium and potassium phosphates in which one cyclic representatives, the sodium or. Potassium metaphosphates and chain types, the sodium or potassium polyphosphates, can distinguish. A large number of terms are used in particular for the latter: melt or glow phosphates, Graham's salt, Kurrol's and Maddrell's salt. All higher sodium and potassium phosphates are collectively referred to as condensed phosphates.
- pentasodium triphosphate In the production of pentasodium triphosphate, phosphoric acid is reacted with sodium carbonate solution or sodium hydroxide solution in a stoichiometric ratio and the solution is dewatered by spraying. Similar to Graham's salt and sodium diphosphate, pentasodium triphosphate dissolves many insoluble metal compounds (including lime soaps, etc.). Pentapotassium triphosphate, K 5 P3O1 0 (potassium tripolyphosphate), is commercially available, for example, in the form of a 50% strength by weight solution (> 23% P 2 0 5 , 25% K 2 0). The potassium polyphosphates are widely used in the detergent and cleaning agent industry. There are also sodium potassium tripolyphosphates which can also be used in the context of the present invention. These occur, for example, when hydrolyzing sodium trimetaphosphate with KOH:
- Sodium potassium tripolyphosphate can be used according to the invention.
- Organic cobuilders which can be used in the detergent tablets according to the invention are, in particular, polycarboxylates / polycarboxylic acids, polymeric polycarboxylates, aspartic acid, polyacetals, dextrins, other organic cobuilders (see below) and phosphonates. These classes of substances are described below.
- Usable organic builders are, for example, the polycarboxylic acids which can be used in the form of their sodium salts, polycarboxylic acids being understood to mean those carboxylic acids which carry more than one acid function.
- these are citric acid, adipic acid, succinic acid, glutaric acid, Malic acid, tartaric acid, maleic acid, fumaric acid, sugar acids, aminocarboxylic acids, nitrilotriacetic acid (NTA), provided that such use is not objectionable for ecological reasons, and mixtures of these.
- Preferred salts are the salts of polycarboxylic acids such as citric acid, adipic acid, succinic acid, glutaric acid, tartaric acid, sugar acids and mixtures of these.
- the acids themselves can also be used.
- the acids typically also have the property of an acidifying component and thus also serve to set a lower and milder pH value of detergents or cleaning agents.
- Citric acid, succinic acid, glutaric acid, adipic acid, gluconic acid and any mixtures thereof can be mentioned in particular.
- Polymeric polycarboxylates are also suitable as builders, for example the alkali metal salts of polyacrylic acid or polymethacrylic acid, for example those with a relative molecular weight of 500 to 70,000 g / mol.
- the molecular weights given for polymeric polycarboxylates are weight-average molecular weights M w of the particular acid form, which were determined in principle by means of gel permeation chromatography (GPC), using a UV detector. The measurement was made against an external polyacrylic acid standard, which provides realistic molecular weight values due to its structural relationship to the polymers investigated. This information differs significantly from the molecular weight information for which polystyrene sulfonic acids are used as standard. The molecular weights measured against polystyrene sulfonic acids are generally significantly higher than the molecular weights given in this document.
- Suitable polymers are, in particular, polyacrylates, which preferably have a molecular weight of 2,000 to 20,000 g / mol. Because of their superior solubility, the short-chain polyacrylates, which Molar masses from 2000 to 10000 g / mol, and particularly preferably from 3000 to 5000 g / mol, may be preferred.
- copolymeric polycarboxylates in particular those of acrylic acid with methacrylic acid and of acrylic acid or methacrylic acid with maleic acid.
- Copolymers of acrylic acid with maleic acid which contain 50 to 90% by weight of acrylic acid and 50 to 10% by weight of maleic acid have proven to be particularly suitable.
- Their relative molecular weight, based on free acids, is generally 2,000 to 70,000 g / mol, preferably 20,000 to 50,000 g / mol and in particular 30,000 to 40,000 g / mol.
- the (co) polymeric polycarboxylates can be used either as a powder or as an aqueous solution.
- the content of (co) polymeric polycarboxylates in the agents is preferably 0.5 to 20% by weight, in particular 3 to 10% by weight.
- the polymers can also contain allylsulfonic acids, such as, for example, allyloxybenzenesulfonic acid and methallylsulfonic acid, as monomers.
- allylsulfonic acids such as, for example, allyloxybenzenesulfonic acid and methallylsulfonic acid, as monomers.
- biodegradable polymers composed of more than two different monomer units, for example those which contain salts of acrylic acid and maleic acid as well as vinyl alcohol or vinyl alcohol derivatives as monomers or those which contain salts of acrylic acid and 2-alkylallylsulfonic acid and sugar derivatives as monomers ,
- copolymers are those which preferably have acrolein and acrylic acid / acrylic acid salts or acrolein and vinyl acetate as monomers.
- polymeric aminodicarboxylic acids their salts or their precursor substances.
- Polyaspartic acids or their salts and derivatives are particularly preferred.
- Other suitable builder substances are polyacetals, which can be obtained by reacting dialdehydes with polyolcarboxylic acids which have 5 to 7 carbon atoms and at least 3 hydroxyl groups.
- Preferred polyacetals are obtained from dialdehydes such as glyoxal, glutaraldehyde, terephthalaldehyde and their mixtures and from polyol carboxylic acids such as gluconic acid and / or glucoheptonic acid.
- Suitable organic builder substances are dextrins, for example oligomers or polymers of carbohydrates, which can be obtained by partial hydrolysis of starches.
- the hydrolysis can be carried out by customary processes, for example acid-catalyzed or enzyme-catalyzed. They are preferably hydrolysis products with average molar masses in the range from 400 to 500,000 g / mol.
- DE dextrose equivalent
- the oxidized derivatives of such dextrins are their reaction products with oxidizing agents which are capable of oxidizing at least one alcohol function of the saccharide ring to the carboxylic acid function.
- Ethylene diamine N, N'-disuccinate (EDDS) is preferably used in the form of its sodium or magnesium salts.
- Glycerol disuccinates and glycerol trisuccinates are also preferred in this context. Suitable quantities in formulations containing zeolite and / or silicate are 3 to 15% by weight.
- organic cobuilders are, for example, acetylated hydroxycarboxylic acids or their salts, which may also be in lactone form and which contain at least 4 carbon atoms and at least one hydroxyl group and a maximum of two acid groups.
- phosphonates are, in particular, hydroxyalkane or aminoalkane phosphonates.
- hydroxyalkane phosphonates 1-hydroxyethane-1,1-diphosphonate (HEDP) is of particular importance as a cobuilder.
- HEDP 1-hydroxyethane-1,1-diphosphonate
- Preferred aminoalkane phosphonates are ethylenediaminetetramethylenephosphonate (EDTMP), diethylenetriaminepentamethylenephosphonate (DTPMP) and their higher homologues. They are preferably in the form of the neutral sodium salts, e.g. B.
- HEDP is preferably used as the builder from the class of the phosphonates.
- the aminoalkanephosphonates also have a pronounced
- the agents also contain bleach, to use aminoalkanephosphonates, in particular DTPMP, or to use mixtures of the phosphonates mentioned.
- the amount of builder is usually between 10 and 70% by weight, preferably between 15 and 60% by weight and in particular between 20 and 50% by weight.
- sodium perborate tetrahydrate and sodium perborate monohydrate are of particular importance.
- Further bleaching agents which can be used are, for example, sodium percarbonate, peroxypyrophosphates, citrate perhydrates and H 2 O 2 -producing peracid salts or peracids, such as perbenzoates, peroxophthalates, diperazelaic acid, phthaloiminoperacid or diperdodecanedioic acid.
- Bleaching agents from the group of organic bleaching agents can also be used.
- Typical organic bleaching agents are the diacyl peroxides, such as dibenzoyl peroxide.
- Other typical organic bleaching agents are peroxy acids, examples of which include alkyl peroxy acids and aryl peroxy acids.
- Preferred representatives are (a) peroxybenzoic acid and its ring-substituted derivatives, such as alkylperoxybenzoic acids, but also peroxy- ⁇ -naphthoic acid and magnesium monoperphthalate, (b) the aliphatic or substituted aliphatic peroxyacids, such as peroxylauric acid, peroxystearic acid, ⁇ -
- Phthalimidoperoxycaproic acid [phthaloiminoperoxyhexanoic acid (PAP)], o-carboxybenzamidoperoxycaproic acid, N-nonenylamidoperadipic acid and N-nonenylamidopersuccinate, and (c) aliphatic and araliphatic peroxydicarboxylic acids, such as 1, 12-diperoxyacid, diperoxyacid, dipereloxoxyacid, 2-oxyacid, - Decyldiperoxybutan-1, 4-diacid, N, N-terephthaloyl-di (6-aminopercapronic acid) can be used.
- PAP phthaloiminoperoxyhexanoic acid
- o-carboxybenzamidoperoxycaproic acid o-carboxybenzamidoperoxycaproic acid, N-nonenylamidoperadipic acid and N-nonenylamidopersuccinate
- the bleaching agent content of the compositions can be 1 to 40% by weight and in particular 10 to 20% by weight, advantageously using perborate mono- or tetrahydrate or percarbonate.
- the bleaching agents which may be present can also serve as alkalizing agents, since many react with an alkaline medium in the aqueous medium. It has proven to be advantageous to use the bleach in coated form. During the washing process, the coating dissolves and releases the alkaline-reacting bleaching agent in a retarded manner, as a result of which the pH value increases gradually.
- the same coating materials can be used as for the coating of the alkalizing agents. The coating materials can also be applied in the same way.
- bleach activators can be incorporated.
- Bleach activators which can be used are compounds which, under perhydrolysis conditions, give aliphatic peroxocarboxylic acids having preferably 1 to 10 C atoms, in particular 2 to 4 C atoms, and / or optionally substituted perbenzoic acid.
- Suitable substances are those which carry O- and / or N-acyl groups of the number of carbon atoms mentioned and / or optionally substituted benzoyl groups.
- Preferred are multiply acylated alkylenediamines, in particular tetraacetylethylenediamine (TAED), acylated triazine derivatives, in particular 1,5-diacetyl-2,4-dioxohexahydro-1,3,5-triazine (DADHT), acylated glycolurils, in particular tetraacetylglycoluril (TAGU), N- Acylimides, especially N-nonanoylsuccinimide (NOSI), acylated phenolsulfonates, especially n-nonanoyl- or isononanoyloxybenzenesulfonate (n- or iso-NOBS), carboxylic acid anhydrides, especially phthalic anhydride, acylated polyhydric alcohol
- acyl lactams described in international patent application WO 95/14075 are also preferably used.
- bleach catalysts can also be included.
- bleach-enhancing transition metal salts or transition metal complexes such as, for example, Mn, Fe, Co, Ru or Mo salt complexes or carbonyl complexes.
- Mn, Fe, Co, Ru, Mo, Ti, V and Cu complexes with N-containing tripod ligands as well as Co, Fe, Cu and Ru amine complexes are also suitable as bleaching catalysts. preference is given to using those compounds which are described in DE 197 09 284 A1.
- the agent according to the invention contains a buffer system. Due to the buffer system, the pH in the wash liquor is comparatively low when the detergent composition is added and the alkali carriers are delayed, i.e. it is between 6 and 8, preferably between 6.3 and 7.7, particularly preferably between 6.5 and 7.5. At this pH value, the washing effect of the surfactants against bleachable stains such as tea, coffee, red wine or fruit and vegetable juices is particularly effective.
- the buffer system is preferably used in amounts of 0.1 to 40, preferably 1 to 25% by weight, based on the finished agent. All water-soluble substances which are suitable for buffering the pH of an aqueous solution below 8 can be used as the buffer system.
- a starting pH value can be achieved in this way, which is increased in the form of a stage in the period defined according to the invention as the washing process progresses (release of the alkalizing agent and exhaustion of the buffer system).
- Preferred buffer systems are partially neutralized inorganic and organic acids, for example the solid mono-, oligo- and polycarboxylic acids such as citric, tartaric and succinic acid, polycarboxylic acids such as polyacrylic acid or acrylic acid-maleic acid copolymers, but also acids such as malonic acid, adipic acid, maleic acid, fumaric acid, Oxalic acid, boric acid or amidosulfonic acid and mixtures of the acids mentioned.
- Substances such as hydrogen sulfates or carbonates can also be used as a buffer system, whereby in turn only care must be taken to maintain the pH conditions.
- the buffer systems In order to obtain a washing liquor with a pH within the limits defined above as quickly as possible when the agents according to the invention are dissolved, the buffer systems must be selected so that they dissolve quickly and bring the pH to the desired values quickly. A coating that would cause a release delay is undesirable for the buffer systems in the context of the present invention.
- the buffer capacity of the buffer system must be selected so high that different amounts of residual alkalinity in the washing machine or laundry from previous wash cycles can be neutralized or that alkalinity escaping from the coatings on the coatings of the alkali carriers is neutralized in the event that a pH jump to be realized.
- the buffer system must be required to be non-volatile. From this point of view, solid buffer systems which combine a low tendency to sublime and a high melting point with good water solubility are clearly preferred. Liquid or pasty buffer systems can only be used in minor amounts below 5% by weight of the total composition, and when they are used, packaging measures must be taken to ensure that they can be formulated and are stable even when the air humidity is high. When selecting the buffer system (s), it is of course also important to ensure that the resulting wash liquor does not damage the textiles or the human skin. In one possible embodiment of the present invention, the washing and / or cleaning agent is used as a so-called full detergent, ie for washing any textiles and at any temperatures. Heavy duty detergents usually contain organic and / or in particular inorganic bleaching agents in addition to the surfactants, enzymes and builder materials.
- Color transfer inhibitors color fixers, foam regulators, additional bleach activators, dyes and fragrances contain.
- Suitable foam inhibitors are, for example, soaps of natural or synthetic origin, which have a high proportion of C 1 -C 24 -fatty acids.
- Suitable non-surfactant-like foam inhibitors are, for example, organopolysiloxanes and their mixtures with microfine, possibly signed silica, and paraffins, waxes, microcrystalline waxes and their mixtures with signed silica or bistearylethylenediamide. Mixtures of various foam inhibitors are also used with advantages, for example those made of silicones, paraffins or waxes.
- the foam inhibitors in particular silicone or paraffin-containing foam inhibitors, are preferably bound to a granular, water-soluble or dispersible carrier substance. Mixtures of paraffins and bistearylethylenediamides are particularly preferred. If the carrier substance of the foam inhibitor reacts alkaline in aqueous solution, it is an alkali carrier for the purposes of the invention, so this can be treated as described above and used as an alkalizing agent. Conversely, a foam inhibitor with an alkaline carrier in the sense of the invention should be delayed in solubility in order to maintain the required pH conditions at the start of the washing cycle. It can also be used for the purposes of the invention be advantageous to use foam inhibitors with a neutral carrier, for example starch or cellulose derivatives.
- a neutral carrier for example starch or cellulose derivatives.
- the salts of polyphosphonic acids used are preferably the neutral sodium salts of, for example, 1-hydroxyethane-1,1-diphosphonate, diethylenetriaminepentamethylenephosphonate or ethylenediaminetetramethylenephosphonate in amounts of 0.1 to 1.5% by weight.
- the agents according to the invention can contain, as optical brighteners, derivatives of diaminostilbenedisulfonic acid or its alkali metal salts. Suitable are e.g. Salts of 4,4'-bis (2-anilino-4-morpholino-1,3,5-triazinyl-6-amino) stilbene-2,2'-disulfonic acid or compounds of similar structure, which instead of the morpholino group have a diethanolamino group , a methylamino group, an anilino group or a 2-methoxyethylamino group.
- brighteners of the substituted diphenylstyryl type may be present, e.g.
- the agent according to the invention preferably contains from 5 to 25% by weight of anionic surfactants, 1 to 25% by weight of nonionic surfactants, 5 to 70% by weight of builder materials, 1 to 40% by weight of bleaching agent , 1 to 10 wt .-% bleach activators, 0.1 to 5 wt .-% enzymes and from 1 wt .-% to 30 wt .-% pH regulators (buffering agents), in addition other active ingredients, such as, for example optical brighteners.
- the agent according to the invention is used as a so-called mild detergent or color detergent for washing sensitive textiles, in particular at temperatures up to 40 ° C.
- a mild detergent preferably contains from 5 to 25% by weight of anionic surfactants, 1 to 25% by weight of nonionic surfactants, 5 to 70% by weight of builder materials, 0.1 to 5% by weight of enzymes and from 1% by weight. % to 30% by weight pH regulators (buffering agents).
- the color detergents are characterized by the fact that they protect the colors of sensitive textiles in particular and prevent staining.
- Color detergents preferably contain from 5 to 25% by weight of anionic surfactants, 1 to 25% by weight of nonionic surfactants, 5 to 70% by weight of builder materials, 0.1 to 5% by weight of enzymes and from 1% by weight up to 30% by weight of pH regulators (buffering agents), as well as other active ingredients such as discoloration inhibitors.
- the detergents and / or cleaning agents according to the invention can be used in liquid to gel form and also in solid form, solid aggregate states being preferred.
- the agents can be in the form of powders, granules, extrudates or also as shaped articles, so-called tablets.
- the powders can be produced in a manner known per se by spray drying processes and by simply mixing the powdery components.
- the agents are to have higher bulk densities, they are preferably in compact form.
- the compacts include e.g. B. the granules, extrudates and moldings.
- the granules can be obtained by granulating the components in a large number of apparatuses customarily used in the detergent and cleaning agent industry. For example, it is possible to use the rounding agents commonly used in pharmacy. In such turntable devices, the residence time of the granules is usually less than 20 seconds.
- Conventional mixers and mixing granulators are also suitable for granulation. Both high-intensity mixers (“high-shear mixers”) and normal mixers with lower circulation speeds can be used as mixers.
- Suitable mixers are, for example, Eirich® mixers of the R or RV series (trademark of Maschinenfabrik Gustav Eirich, Hardheim), Schugi® Flexomix, the Fukae® FS-G mixers (trademark of Fukae Powtech, Kogyo Co., Japan), the Lödige® FM, KM and CB mixers (trademarks of Lödige Maschinenbau GmbH, Paderborn) or the Drais® series T or KT (trademarks of Drais-Werke GmbH, Mannheim).
- the residence times of the granules in the mixers are in the range of less than 60 seconds, the residence time also being dependent on the circulation speed of the mixer. The dwell times are reduced accordingly the faster the mixer runs.
- the residence times of the granules in the mixer / rounder are preferably less than one minute, preferably less than 15 seconds. Dwell times of up to 20 minutes are set in slow-running mixers, for example a Lödige KM, dwell times below 10 minutes being preferred because of the process economy.
- the surfactant-containing granulate is compressed under pressure and under the action of shear forces, homogenized in the process and then discharged from the apparatus in a shaping manner.
- the technically most important press agglomeration processes are extrusion, roller compaction, pelleting and tableting.
- preferred press agglomeration processes used to produce the surfactant-containing granules are extrusion, roller compaction and pelletization.
- the granules obtained can be powdered with an oil absorption component in order to further improve their processability and meterability.
- This final powdering step with a finely divided component binds the liquids to the surface of the granules so that the granules cannot clump together during storage.
- the oil absorption component should have an oil absorption capacity of at least 20g / 100g, more preferably at least 50g / 100g, preferably at least 80g / 100g, particularly preferably at least 120g / 100g and in particular at least 140g / 100g.
- the oil absorption capacity is a physical property of a substance that can be determined using standardized methods.
- the British standard methods BS1795 and BS3483: Part B7.1982 exist, both of which refer to the ISO 787/5 standard.
- a balanced sample of the substance in question is placed on a plate and refined flaxseed oil (density: 0.93) "3" is added dropwise from a burette.
- the powder is mixed intensively with the oil using a spatula, while the addition of oil is continued until a paste of smooth consistency is reached. This paste should flow or flow without crumbling.
- the oil absorption capacity is now the amount of the added oil, based on 100g absorbent, and is expressed in ml / 100g or g / 100g indicated, whereby conversions about the density of the linseed oil are possible without any problems.
- the oil absorption component preferably has the smallest possible average particle size, since the active surface increases with decreasing particle size.
- Preferred detergents and / or cleaning agents contain a component with an oil absorption capacity of at least 20 g / 100 g, which has an average particle size of less than 50 ⁇ m, preferably less than 20 ⁇ m and in particular less than 10 ⁇ m.
- a large number of substances are suitable as an oil absorption component.
- inorganic and organic substances that have a sufficiently large oil absorption capacity.
- examples include finely divided substances that are obtained by precipitation.
- silicates, aluminosilicates, calcium silicates, magnesium silicates and calcium carbonate are used as substances.
- Diatomaceous earth (diatomaceous earth) and finely divided cellulose fibers or derivatives thereof can also be used in the context of the present invention.
- Preferred detergents are characterized in that the component contained in them with an oil absorption capacity of at least 20 g / 100 g is selected from silicates and / or aluminosilicates, in particular from the group of silicas and / or zeolites. Come here for example finely divided zeolites in question, but also pyrogenic silicas (Aerosil ® ) or silicas which were obtained by precipitation.
- a premix is first made from detergent components.
- This solid, preferably homogeneous premix is extruded using a plasticizer and / or lubricant through hole shapes with opening widths of the predetermined extrudate dimension at high pressures between 25 and 200 bar.
- the strand is cut to the predetermined pellet dimension immediately after exiting the hole shape by means of a cutting device.
- the application of the high working pressure plasticizes the premix during the formation of the granulate and ensures the cutting ability of the freshly extruded strands.
- the premix consists at least in part of solid, preferably finely divided, conventional ingredients of detergents and / or cleaning agents, to which liquid constituents are optionally added.
- the solid ingredients can be tower powders obtained by spray drying, but also agglomerates, the mixture components selected in each case as pure substances which are mixed with one another in the finely divided state, and mixtures of these.
- the liquid ingredients are then added and, if appropriate, a plasticizer and / or lubricant is then mixed in.
- Aqueous solutions of polymeric polycarboxylates as well as highly concentrated anionic surfactant pastes and nonionic surfactants are preferably used as plasticizers and / or lubricants.
- Shaped bodies are produced by methods known from the prior art.
- the individual constituents which can be wholly or partly pre-granulated, are usually dry-mixed and then brought into shape, in particular by compression into tablets, whereby conventional methods can be used.
- the premix is compacted in a so-called die between two punches to form a solid compressed product. This process, which is referred to as tableting in the following, is divided into four sections: Dosage, compression (elastic deformation), plastic deformation and ejection.
- the premix is introduced into the die, the filling quantity and thus the weight and the shape of the molded body being formed being determined by the position of the lower punch and the shape of the pressing tool.
- the constant metering, even at high molding throughputs, is preferably achieved by volumetric metering of the premix.
- the upper punch touches the premix and lowers further in the direction of the lower punch.
- the particles of the premix are pressed closer together, the void volume within the filling between the punches continuously decreasing. From a certain position of the upper punch (and thus from a certain pressure on the premix) the plastic deformation begins, in which the particles flow together and the molded body is formed.
- the premix particles are also crushed and sintering of the premix occurs at even higher pressures.
- the phase of elastic deformation is shortened further and further, so that the resulting molded bodies can have more or less large cavities.
- the finished molded body is pressed out of the die by the lower punch and transported away by subsequent transport devices. At this point in time, only the weight of the molded body is finally determined, since the compacts can still change their shape and size due to physical processes (stretching, crystallographic effects, cooling, etc.).
- Tableting takes place in commercially available tablet presses, which can in principle be equipped with single or double punches. In the latter case, not only is the upper stamp used to build up pressure, the lower stamp also moves towards the upper stamp during the pressing process, while the upper stamp presses down.
- eccentric tablet presses are preferably used, in which the or Stamps are attached to an eccentric disc, which in turn is mounted on an axis with a certain rotational speed. The movement of these press rams is comparable to the way a conventional reciprocating piston engine works.
- the pressing can take place with one upper and one lower punch, but several punches can also be attached to one eccentric disk, the number of die holes being correspondingly increased.
- the throughputs of eccentric presses vary from a few hundred to a maximum of 3000 tablets per hour, depending on the type.
- rotary tablet presses are selected in which a larger number of dies is arranged in a circle on a so-called die table.
- the number of matrices varies between 6 and 55 depending on the model, although larger matrices are also commercially available.
- Each die on the die table is assigned an upper and lower punch, and again the pressure can be built up only by the upper or lower punch, but also by both stamps.
- the die table and the stamps move about a common vertical axis, the stamps being brought into the positions for filling, compression, plastic deformation and ejection by means of rail-like curved tracks during the rotation.
- these cam tracks are supported by additional low-pressure pieces, pull-down rails and lifting tracks.
- the die is filled via a rigidly arranged feed device, the so-called filling shoe, which is connected to a storage container for the premix.
- the pressing pressure on the premix can be individually adjusted via the pressing paths for the upper and lower punches, the pressure being built up by rolling the punch shaft heads past adjustable pressure rollers.
- Rotary presses can also be equipped with two filling shoes to increase the throughput, with only a semicircle having to be run through to produce a tablet.
- several filling shoes are arranged one behind the other without the lightly pressed first layer is ejected before further filling.
- jacket and dot tablets can also be produced in this way, which have an onion-shell-like structure, the top side of the core or the core layers not being covered in the case of the dot tablets and thus remaining visible.
- Rotary tablet presses can also be equipped with single or multiple tools, so that, for example, an outer circle with 50 and an inner circle with 35 holes can be used simultaneously for pressing.
- the throughputs of modern rotary tablet presses are over one million tablets per hour.
- the compression is usually carried out at pressures from 0.01 to 50 kNcm “2 , preferably from 0.1 to 40 kNcm “ 2 and in particular from 1 to 25 kNcm “2 .
- Suitable tableting machines are available, for example, from Apparatebau Holzwarth GbR, Asperg, Wilhelm Fette GmbH, Schwarzenbek, Hofer GmbH, Weil, Hörn & Noack Pharmatechnik GmbH, Worms, IMAmaschinessysteme GmbH Viersen, KILIAN, Cologne, KOMAGE, Kell am See, KORSCH Pressen AG, Berlin, and Romaco GmbH, Worms.
- Other providers include Dr. Herbert Pete, Vienna (AU), Mapag Maschinenbau AG, Bern (CH), BWI Manesty, Liverpool (GB), I. Holand Ltd., Nottingham (GB), Courtoy NV, Halle (BE / LU) and Mediopharm Kamnik (Sl ).
- the hydraulic double-pressure press HPF 630 from LAEIS, D.
- Tablettierwerkmaschinee are, for example, from the companies Adams Tablettierwerkmaschinee, Dresden, Wilhelm Fett GmbH, Schwarzenbek, Klaus Hammer, Solingen, Herber% Söhne GmbH, Hamburg, Hofer GmbH, Weil, Hörn & Noack, Pharmatechnik GmbH, Worms, Ritter Pharamatechnik GmbH, Hamburg, Romaco, GmbH, Worms and Notter negligencebau, Tamm available.
- Other providers are e.g. Senss AG, Reinach (CH) and Medicopharm, Kamnik (Sl).
- the moldings can be manufactured in a predetermined spatial shape and size, whereby they always consist of several phases, ie layers, inclusions or cores and rings. Practically all practical configurations can be considered as the spatial shape, for example, the design as a board, the bar or bar shape, cubes, cuboids and corresponding spatial elements with flat side surfaces, and in particular cylindrical configurations with a circular or oval cross section. This last embodiment encompasses the presentation form from the tablet to compact cylinder pieces with a ratio of height to diameter above 1.
- the portioned compacts can each be designed as separate individual elements that correspond to the predetermined dosage of the detergents and / or cleaning agents. It is also possible, however, to form compacts that connect a plurality of such mass units in one pressing, the portioned smaller units being easy to separate, in particular by predetermined predetermined breaking points.
- the portioned pellets can be designed as tablets, in cylindrical or cuboid form, with a diameter / height ratio in the range from approximately 0.5: 2 to 2: 0.5 is preferred.
- Commercial hydraulic presses, eccentric presses or rotary presses are suitable devices, in particular for the production of such compacts.
- the spatial shape of another embodiment of the shaped bodies is adapted in its dimensions to the induction chamber of commercially available household washing machines, so that the shaped bodies can be dosed directly into the induction chamber without metering aid, where they dissolve during the induction process.
- the detergent tablets can also be used without problems using a metering aid.
- Another preferred multi-phase molded body that can be produced has a plate-like or plate-like structure with alternately thick long and thin short segments, so that individual segments of this “multi-phase bar” at the predetermined breaking points, which represent the short thin segments, can be canceled and entered into the machine.
- This principle of the “bar-shaped” shaped body detergent can also be implemented in other geometric shapes, for example vertically standing triangles, which are connected to one another only on one of their sides along the side. Here it is advisable for optical reasons, the triangular base that the connects individual segments together as one phase, while the triangle tip forms the second phase. Different coloring of both phases is particularly attractive in this embodiment.
- the detergent tablets After pressing, the detergent tablets have a high stability.
- the detergent tablets can be packaged after production, the use of certain packaging systems having proven particularly useful, since these packaging systems on the one hand increase the storage stability of the ingredients, but on the other hand surprisingly also significantly improve the long-term adhesion of the trough filling.
- the detergent tablets are combined with a packaging system containing the detergent tablets, the packaging system having a moisture vapor transmission rate of 0.1 g / m 2 / day to less than 20 g / m 2 / day if the packaging system is stored at 23 ° C and a relative equilibrium humidity of 85%.
- the packaging system of the combination of detergent tablets and / or packaging system and packaging system preferably has a moisture vapor permeability rate of 0.1 g / m 2 / day to less than 20 g / m 2 / day when the packaging system is at 23 ° C. and a relative equilibrium humidity of 85% is stored.
- the specified temperature and humidity conditions are the test conditions that are mentioned in the DIN standard 53122, whereby according to DIN 53122 minimal deviations are permitted (23 ⁇ 1 ° C, 85 ⁇ 2% relative humidity).
- the moisture vapor transmission rate of a given packaging system or material can be determined using other standard methods and is also described, for example, in ASTM standard E- 96-53T ("Test for measuring Water Vapor transmission of Materials in Sheet form") and in TAPPI standard T464 m- 45 ("Water Vapor Permeability of Sheet Materials at high temperature an Humidity").
- the measuring principle of common methods is based on the water absorption of anhydrous Calcium chloride, which is stored in a container in the appropriate atmosphere, the container being sealed at the top with the material to be tested.
- the moisture vapor permeability rate can be determined from the surface of the container, which is sealed with the material to be tested (permeation area), the weight gain of the calcium chloride and the exposure time
- A is the area of the material to be tested in cm 2
- x is the weight gain of calcium chloride in g
- y is the exposure time in h.
- the relative equilibrium humidity is 85% at 23 ° C. in the context of the present invention when measuring the moisture vapor transmission rate.
- the absorption capacity of air for water vapor increases with the temperature up to a respective maximum content, the so-called saturation content, and is given in g / m 3 .
- saturation content For example, 1 m 3 of air at 17 ° is saturated with 14.4 g of water vapor; at a temperature of 11 ° there is already saturation with 10 g of water vapor.
- the relative equilibrium humidity of 85% at 23 ° C can be adjusted to +/- 2% RH, for example in laboratory chambers with moisture control, depending on the device type adjust exactly. Even above saturated solutions of certain salts, constant and well-defined relative air humidities form in closed systems, which are based on the phase equilibrium between the partial pressure of water, the saturated solution and the soil.
- Secondary packaging such as cardboard boxes or trays, are packed, with no further requirements being placed on the secondary packaging. Secondary packaging is therefore possible, but not necessary.
- Packaging systems preferred in the context of the present invention have a moisture vapor permeability rate of 0.5 g / m 2 / day to less than 15 g / m 2 / day.
- the packaging system encloses one or more detergent tablets. It is preferred either to design a shaped body such that it comprises an application unit of the washing and / or cleaning agent and to pack this shaped body individually, or to pack the number of shaped bodies in a packaging unit, which in total comprises one application unit. With a nominal dosage of 80 g of detergent and / or cleaning agent, it is therefore possible to produce and individually pack an 80 g heavy detergent and / or detergent tablet, but it is also possible to have two 40 g detergent and / or detergent tablets to pack in a package to arrive at a combination. This principle can of course be expanded so that combinations can also contain three, four, five or even more detergent tablets in a packaging unit.
- the packaging system described above can consist of a wide variety of materials and can take any external shape.
- packaging systems are preferred in which the packaging material is light in weight, easy to process and inexpensive.
- the packaging system consists of a sack or pouch made of single-layer or laminated paper and / or plastic film.
- the detergent tablets can be unsorted, i.e. as a loose fill, be filled into a bag made of the materials mentioned. However, it is preferred for aesthetic reasons and for sorting the combinations in secondary packaging, the washing and / or
- flow pack For individual application units of the detergent tablets which are located in a sack or bag, the term "flow pack” has become established in technology. Such “flow packs” can then - again preferably sorted - optionally be packaged in outer packaging, which underlines the compact form of the molded article.
- the sacks or bags made of single-layer or laminated paper or plastic film which are preferably to be used as a packaging system, can be designed in a wide variety of ways, for example as a blown-up bag without a central seam or as a bag with a central seam which is sealed by heat (hot fusion), adhesives or adhesive tapes become.
- Single-layer bag or sack materials are the known papers, which can optionally be impregnated, and plastic films, which can optionally be co-extruded.
- Plastic films that can be used as a packaging system in the context of the present invention are specified, for example, in Hans Domininghaus “The plastics and their properties”, 3rd edition, VDI Verlag, Düsseldorf, 1988, page 193.
- Figure 111 shown there also provides information on the water vapor permeability of the materials mentioned.
- Combinations which are particularly preferred in the context of the present invention contain, as a packaging system, a sack or pouch made of single-layer or laminated plastic film with a thickness of 10 to 200 ⁇ m, preferably 20 to 100 ⁇ m and in particular 25 to 50 ⁇ m.
- packaging system In the context of the present invention, it is preferred in the context of the present invention if the packaging system does not include boxes made of wax-coated paper.
- packaging system always denotes the primary packaging of the moldings, i.e. the packaging, which is in direct contact with the molded body surface on the inside. No requirements are placed on an optional secondary packaging, so that all common materials and systems can be used here.
- the detergent tablets of the combination described contain, depending on their intended use, further ingredients of detergents and / or cleaning agents in varying amounts. Regardless of the intended use of the shaped body, it is preferred that the washing and / or cleaning agent shaped body (s) has a relative equilibrium moisture content of less than 30% at 35 ° C.
- the relative equilibrium moisture content of the detergent tablets can be determined using standard methods, the following procedure being chosen in the context of the present investigations: A water-impermeable 1-liter vessel with a lid, which has a closable opening for the introduction of samples , was filled with a total of 300 g of detergent tablets and kept at a constant 23 ° C. for 24 hours in order to ensure a uniform temperature of the vessel and substance. The Water vapor pressure in the space above the shaped bodies can then be determined using a hygrometer (Hygrotest 6100, Testoterm Ltd., England). The water vapor pressure is now measured every 10 minutes until two successive values show no deviation
- packaging system is designed to be resealable.
- Combinations in which the packaging system has a microperforation can also be implemented with preference.
- Sokalan ® CP 5 polymeric polycarboxylate; manufacturer BASF AG, Ludwigshafen
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Detergent Compositions (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE10110886A DE10110886A1 (de) | 2001-03-07 | 2001-03-07 | Wasch- und/oder Reinigungsmittel |
DE10110886 | 2001-03-07 | ||
PCT/EP2002/001996 WO2002070641A1 (de) | 2001-03-07 | 2002-02-26 | Wasch und/oder reinigungsmittel |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP1366142A1 true EP1366142A1 (de) | 2003-12-03 |
EP1366142B1 EP1366142B1 (de) | 2007-08-15 |
Family
ID=7676567
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP02719917A Expired - Lifetime EP1366142B1 (de) | 2001-03-07 | 2002-02-26 | Wasch und/oder reinigungsmittel |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP1366142B1 (de) |
AT (1) | ATE370217T1 (de) |
DE (2) | DE10110886A1 (de) |
ES (1) | ES2289094T3 (de) |
WO (1) | WO2002070641A1 (de) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2018183662A1 (en) * | 2017-03-31 | 2018-10-04 | Danisco Us Inc | Delayed release enzyme formulations for bleach-containing detergents |
Families Citing this family (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE10138283A1 (de) * | 2001-08-10 | 2003-03-06 | Henkel Kgaa | Waschverfahren |
DE10257389A1 (de) | 2002-12-06 | 2004-06-24 | Henkel Kgaa | Flüssiges saures Waschmittel |
DE102007042857A1 (de) * | 2007-09-10 | 2009-03-12 | Henkel Ag & Co. Kgaa | Verfahren zum maschinellen Reinigen von Geschirr |
DE102010027994A1 (de) | 2010-04-20 | 2011-10-20 | Henkel Ag & Co. Kgaa | Dosiersystem zur Freisetzung von wenigstens drei unterschiedlichen Zubereitungen während eines Waschprogramms einer Waschmaschine |
WO2012175401A2 (en) | 2011-06-20 | 2012-12-27 | Novozymes A/S | Particulate composition |
CN103992886A (zh) * | 2014-06-17 | 2014-08-20 | 陈建宝 | 一种衣物洗涤剂 |
Family Cites Families (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB9407299D0 (en) * | 1994-04-13 | 1994-06-08 | Procter & Gamble | Detergent compositions |
DE19856213A1 (de) * | 1998-12-05 | 2000-06-08 | Henkel Kgaa | Punkttabelle |
ATE311434T1 (de) * | 1999-07-09 | 2005-12-15 | Henkel Kgaa | Wasch- oder reinigungsmittel-portion |
EP1586631B1 (de) * | 2000-07-14 | 2007-01-03 | Henkel Kommanditgesellschaft auf Aktien | Kompartiment-Hohlkörper enthaltend Wasch-, Reinigungs- oder Spülmittelportion |
-
2001
- 2001-03-07 DE DE10110886A patent/DE10110886A1/de not_active Ceased
-
2002
- 2002-02-26 EP EP02719917A patent/EP1366142B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2002-02-26 WO PCT/EP2002/001996 patent/WO2002070641A1/de active IP Right Grant
- 2002-02-26 ES ES02719917T patent/ES2289094T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2002-02-26 DE DE50210703T patent/DE50210703D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2002-02-26 AT AT02719917T patent/ATE370217T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
See references of WO02070641A1 * |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2018183662A1 (en) * | 2017-03-31 | 2018-10-04 | Danisco Us Inc | Delayed release enzyme formulations for bleach-containing detergents |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
ES2289094T3 (es) | 2008-02-01 |
DE10110886A1 (de) | 2002-09-26 |
DE50210703D1 (de) | 2007-09-27 |
EP1366142B1 (de) | 2007-08-15 |
WO2002070641A1 (de) | 2002-09-12 |
ATE370217T1 (de) | 2007-09-15 |
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