Classifications

• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
  • B27B—SAWS FOR WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; COMPONENTS OR ACCESSORIES THEREFOR
  • B27B1/00—Methods for subdividing trunks or logs essentially involving sawing
  • B27B1/007—Methods for subdividing trunks or logs essentially involving sawing taking into account geometric properties of the trunks or logs to be sawn, e.g. curvature
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
  • B27B—SAWS FOR WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; COMPONENTS OR ACCESSORIES THEREFOR
  • B27B25/00—Feeding devices for timber in saw mills or sawing machines; Feeding devices for trees
  • B27B25/04—Feeding devices for timber in saw mills or sawing machines; Feeding devices for trees with feed chains or belts

Definitions

• the invention relates to a method for disassembling logs curved in one plane into wood products.
• the invention further relates to a device for disassembling logs curved in one plane into wood products.
• a method and a device of the type mentioned above are known from US Pat. No. 6,039,097.
• Tree trunks When cutting tree trunks into wood products, one always tries to achieve an optimal wood yield.
• Tree trunks always have a shape that tapers from the end of the earth to the top.
• the tree trunk can grow substantially straight or can be curved relative to its longitudinal axis. With curved tree trunks of this type, it is sufficient in a first approximation to start from a single plane of curvature.
• the aforementioned US 6,039,097 describes a device for motion-controlled curve sawing of tree trunks.
• the tree trunks are fed transversely to their longitudinal direction by means of a cross conveyor and are measured in this way by means of a scanner. From the signals of the scanner, an arc line is optimized in terms of yield for a subsequent dismantling of the tree trunks.
• the tree trunks are fed in the longitudinal direction to a disassembly unit, in which a pair of flat chippers and a double-shaft circular saw are arranged one behind the other in the conveying direction.
• the flat flats are designed as rollers, which flatten the tree trunks laterally with their peripheral surface.
• the entire unit can be pivoted about a vertical axis by means of actuating cylinders and moved transversely to the conveying direction, while a tree trunk is conveyed linearly through the unit.
• the actuating cylinders are connected to motion controllers, which in turn receive control signals from the computer.
• a disadvantage of the known device is that the entire dismantling process for a complete tree trunk must take place in a single unit. As a result, the cutting process can only lead to wood products that are still edged on their narrow sides.
• Profiling the tree trunks in which an optimal decomposition of a tree trunk into finished wood products (boards and beams) is achieved, is neither provided nor possible with the known system.
• only relatively short pieces of tree trunk perhaps 2 m long, can be processed.
• serpentine wood products are produced, the further processing, in particular smoothing, of which is difficult.
• a method is known in which a tree trunk that is curved in a plane of curvature is first measured with regard to its outer dimensions.
• the tree trunk is then flattened in parallel on two opposite sides, the flattening plane being parallel to the plane of curvature.
• the tree trunk is then placed with one of the two flattened sides on a conveyor and fixed on it by means of a holding tool from above.
• the conveyor is designed as a reciprocating carriage such that the entire tree trunk can be brought into engagement over its entire length with a pair of band saws which laterally separate side boards from the flattened tree trunk.
• the band saws are continuously adjusted transversely to the conveying direction of the conveyor during the sawing process, so that parallel to the curved center line of the tree trunk boards of constant thickness. After each pass, the band saw blades are additionally offset transversely to the conveying direction by a certain step which corresponds to the thickness of the side board to be divided off next.
• the known device is therefore only suitable for relatively simple dismantling processes in which forest-edged side boards are produced.
• a tree trunk that is curved in one plane is also conveyed on a conveyor in a direction parallel to the plane of curvature through processing tools.
• processing tools consist of an initially arranged pair of flat chippers in a conical design and with axes of rotation running in the plane of curvature as well as downstream band saw units, which are adjustable transversely to the conveying direction of the conveyor.
• the dimensions of the curved tree trunk are recorded directly before the entry into the flat chipper by means of buttons located on the side of the tree trunk.
• This procedure has the disadvantage that an optimal cutting strategy is not possible because at the beginning of the cutting process information about the dimensions of the tree trunk over its entire length is missing.
• a method is known in which a tree trunk that is curved in a plane of curvature is initially aligned so that the convex side of the tree trunk lies above in a vertical direction. The tree trunk is then flattened at the ends below and then subjected to disassembly.
• a method for cutting tree trunks in which the tree trunks are first profiled before dividing side boards or beams.
• cutting tools e.g. milling cutters
• a saw cut of finite depth is first made along the corner or stair profiles to be machined in order to make a longitudinal groove.
• the subsequent chipper tool then dips into this slot or groove with the flight circle of its chipper knife, so that wood chips are produced which, in contrast to conventional wood chips, have no thinly tapering end.
• a chipper head with a conical chipper knife carrier is described in DE 30 45 107 C2.
• the present invention is based on the object of improving methods and devices of the type mentioned in such a way that the disadvantages mentioned are avoided.
• profiling of the tree trunks and thus disassembly into finished wood products should be possible.
• machining tools d) machining of the linearly conveyed logs by means of first machining tools, the machining tools being adjusted transversely to the conveying direction during the passage of the logs and being aligned in the direction of the arc line by rotation about an axis perpendicular to the plane of curvature such that they follow the arc line;
• a first rotating device for rotating the logs about their longitudinal axis depending on the first measurement, such that a convex side of the logs points upwards in the vertical direction;
• a dressing chip for flattening the logs on their underside;
• a first saw unit for sawing off side boards from the profiled logs
• a linear conveyor for further linear conveying of the logs and with first processing tools for processing the linearly conveyed logs, the processing tools being adjusted transversely to the conveying direction during the passage of the logs and by rotating about an axis perpendicular to the plane of curvature in the direction of the curved line aligned so that they follow the curve line; m) a fourth scanner for the fourth measurement of the logs;
• a non-linear conveyor for non-linear conveying of the logs along a conveyor track corresponding to the curved line, feed and / or guide elements for the logs being adjusted and positioned transversely to the conveying direction prior to the passage of the logs such that they guide the logs along the curved line ;
• the invention allows a considerably higher degree of optimization of the wood yield to be achieved when cutting curved tree trunks.
• an arc line attached in a first processing phase can be exactly resumed in a second or in further processing phases. On in this way, even extremely differentiated profiling processes can be carried out with high precision.
• band saws can also be used for dismantling the logs within the scope of the present invention.
• the feed and / or guide elements are rotated about an axis running perpendicular to the plane of curvature.
• This measure has the advantage that the non-linear conveying path for the logs can be constructed with conventional, vertical-axis elements in a structurally simple manner.
• the feed and / or guide elements are rotated about an axis running parallel to the plane of curvature.
• a further embodiment of the invention is characterized in that the second machining tools and / or the feed and / or guide elements are arranged at an input and / or at an output of a saw unit for dividing the logs into boards or beams.
• This exemplary embodiment illustrates that the invention can advantageously be used in different processing stations, preferably in sawing units.
• a particularly good effect is achieved according to the invention if the processing tools and / or the feed and / or guide elements are arranged in pairs on opposite sides of the log.
• the pairs of processing tools and / or of feed and / or guide elements are arranged at a constant distance from one another.
• This measure has the advantage that a guide surface in the area of the thick end is immediately created when the round timbers enter machining tools. This enables the logs to be guided safely from the start.
• at least one of the machining tools is milling, while in a second preferred area of application the at least one machining tool is sawing.
• the machining tools can consequently be designed as milling cutters, chippers, circular saws, band saws, etc.
• round timbers are rolled off with their concave side on a linear guide extending in the conveying direction before the step of non-linear conveying.
• This measure has the advantage that the logs are continuously guided during their transition from the linear to the non-linear conveyor.
• Figures 1A-1G seven sections of an embodiment of an apparatus according to the invention, which are arranged one behind the other in the wood conveying direction;
• FIGS. 2-16 are fifteen cross-sectional representations of tree trunks or device assemblies along the lines I-I to XVI-XVI in FIG. 1 to explain the process steps when the tree trunks pass through the device according to FIG. 1.
• the device shown in FIG. 1 is a profiling system, the essential properties of which are first to be summarized:
• a curved tree trunk or, generally speaking, a log is measured in a scanner (FIGS. 1A and 1E).
• An arc of preferably constant curvature is determined from the measured curvature of the tree trunk or model, which allows an optimal yield of the irregularly grown tree trunk.
• a first funding phase the curved model is pushed straight ahead.
• an arc contour is worked out of the tree trunk by means of chucks (Fig. 1E).
• the chippers rotate about an axis perpendicular to the plane of curvature and can also be displaced transversely to the direction of conveyance of the tree trunk in order to traverse the arch contour during the passage of the tree trunk.
• a four-sided, plane-parallel machined model is obtained that is straight in the plane of curvature, but has an arc perpendicular to the plane of curvature from start to finish, preferably with a constant radius of curvature.
• the outer surfaces of the arc contour are therefore preferably at the same distance, but can also taper towards one another, for example.
• the model produced in the above-mentioned manner is passed in a second conveying phase along a curved conveying path through feed elements or rollers which are arranged in a stationary manner during the passage of the model (FIG. 1F). Their axis also runs vertically to the plane of curvature.
• the feed elements or rollers are preferably arranged in pairs to one another. In this way, the model is pushed through processing tools, for example profiling tools or sawing tools, in particular circular saws, which are also stationary during the passage of the model.
• the axes of the feed elements or rollers, which run perpendicular to the plane of curvature, are individually positioned beforehand on the previously determined e.g. constant arc radius set such that the processing tools are each in the area of the arc peak.
• this second funding phase it is also possible to use feed elements whose axis runs parallel to the plane of curvature.
• the feed direction of the respective feed element is set to the curvature of the model running through. This happens because the axes of these feed elements within the plane of curvature an axis of rotation is pivoted, which is perpendicular to the plane of curvature.
• the latter feed elements are preferably used to pull the model out of processing units, in particular from circular saw units (FIG. IG).
• FIG. 1A shows the access area to the illustrated embodiment of a device according to the invention.
• a cross conveyor 10 Via a cross conveyor 10 which can be seen in the left half of FIG. 1A and comes from above in the plane of the drawing, tree trunks, or generally speaking round logs, arrive in an undefined rotational position 12, 12 ', 12 "while deflecting their conveying path by 90 ° to an in 1A, longitudinal conveyor running from left to right, for example a block train 14.
• the round timbers 12 still have the natural circular cross section shown in Fig. 2. They are preferably on the block train 14 with their thick end promoted in advance.
• the block train 14 conveys the log 12 to a first scanner 16 in which the log 12 is measured. This is shown (line III-III) in Fig. 3.
• the block train 14 conveys the round timber 12 to a rotating device 18, as shown in FIG. 1B.
• the hitherto undefined roundwood 12 is rotated about its longitudinal axis depending on the result of the measurement in the first scanner 16 so that it points upwards with its convex side of the curvature in the vertical direction, ie in one Direction perpendicular to the drawing plane of Fig. IB. This is described in detail in the aforementioned DE 32 44 393 C1, to which reference may be made.
• the roundwood 12 is fed to a dressing cutter 20, which flattens the roundwood 12 on its underside, as shown (line IV-IV) in FIG. 4 (for details, see also in the aforementioned DE 32 44 393 C1 ).
• the round timber 12 now arrives at a flat chipper 22, as sold by the applicant under the type designation FZ5.
• the round timber 12 is flattened laterally in the flat chipper 22, as shown (line V-V) in FIG. 5.
• the round timber 12 now runs through various long guides 24a-24e, as shown in FIG. IC, and is measured in this way in a second scanner 26 with regard to the side boards still to be separated (line VI-VI). This is shown in FIG. 6.
• a maximum of two side boards are preferably provided on each side.
• FIG. IC also shows that the roundwood 12 now comes into the range of two profilers 28 and 30 connected in series, as are sold by the applicant under the type designation FR15.
• the round timbers 12 are profiled in these profilers 28 and 30 (lines VII-VII and VIII-VIII) as shown in FIGS. 7 and 8 and a so-called model with a predetermined number of corners is created.
• optimally shaped wood chips are worked out.
• a finite depth saw cut is made to create a longitudinal groove in the tree trunk.
• the corner cutters or chippers for cutting out the corner extend with the flight circle of their chipper knives into this longitudinal groove. In this way, chips of optimal shape are produced. This is described with further details in the above-mentioned DE 198 29 112 Cl and DE 199 60 319 Cl, to which reference may be made for further details.
• the model now arrives at a rotating device 36, in which the model, which at this moment is still standing with the convex side up, is rotated to the left in the conveying direction (line X-X). This is shown with an arrow in FIG. 10.
• the convex side 12a of the model is thus at the top in the representation of FIG. 1D.
• the model now lying in its plane of curvature follows with the curved arch in the conveying direction according to the above-mentioned first conveying phase on the right in an absolutely straight, ie linear alignment by a third scanner 42 pushed (line XI-XI). This is shown in Fig. 11.
• the model is measured with regard to how a path saw cut is to be made later along a curved curve, preferably with a constant curvature, which allows an optimal yield of the log wood which has grown irregularly per se.
• the third scanner together with an associated computer, thus determines a correspondingly optimized arc line, which is designated by the reference symbol 80 in FIG. 1F.
• the arc line 80 preferably has a constant radius of curvature, that is to say a circular line.
• the model is now flattened on both sides in a conical flat chipper 46 or flat milling unit, as sold by the applicant under the type designation FZ25 (for details see DE 30 45 107 C2), so that a plane-parallel, laterally curved model is produced .
• the flat chipper 46 can be pivoted about its center point 48 and can be displaced in a direction 52 transversely to the conveying direction of the model, as indicated in FIG. 1E by two double arrows 50, 54. In this way, the flat chipper 46 can be positioned so that it laterally flattens the model along the predetermined arc line.
• the cross-sectional shape and the orientation of the model at this moment are shown in Fig. 12.
• the flat chipper 46 therefore carries out the path milling method already explained several times, in which the flat chipper 46 can be rotated about its center point 48 and, with the flank chipper 46 preferably opening constantly, also "dancing" laterally in the direction 52, that is to say transversely to the conveying direction the model can be moved. In this way, the previously determined curve line of the model can be processed with an exactly straight feed of the model.
• the roller pairs 44a and 44b are provided as a pull-in unit or as a pull-out unit. These pairs of rollers 44a, 44b are preferably also used to guide the model in a straight line, but they can also be pivoted in accordance with the flat chipper 46.
• the roundwood 12 or model does not pass the corresponding stations in a linearly guided way, but rather on a curved path corresponding to the predetermined processing path or curved line.
• the machining tools like the feed elements or rollers, are preset in a stationary manner in accordance with this curved line and do not change their position during the passage of the model.
• the second phase is preferably used in the area behind the flat chipper 46.
• the curved model constantly approaches prepositioned guide rollers 68 and 70 by a gentle alignment movement, namely a rolling on its convex back. It is then positioned in the correct position together with the narrowing channel 60, which acts as a centering, and the vertical transport surface or chain 62.
• the model is now pushed through profiling tools by means of feed elements or rollers which can be individually preset in their position for each model but are stationary during the passage of the model.
• This is illustrated in FIG. 1F by the rollers 68 and 70 and further rollers 72, 74, 76 and 78, which are preferably arranged in pairs.
• An example of the pair of rollers 68 is indicated by double arrows 69. indicates that the rollers 68 - 78 are adjustable transversely to the conveying direction of the model.
• the axes of the feed elements or rollers 68-78 are vertical to the plane of curvature. Before the machining process begins, the axes are each set individually along the curved line 80 with a preferably constant radius, which was previously determined on the basis of the individual measurement of each individual model in the third scanner 42 for an optimal timber yield. In this way, an associated processing tool is located in the area of the arc peak. With regard to the position and position of the forest edge of the model or with regard to the thickness of the side boards to be sawed off, the measurement result of the fourth measurement process in the fourth scanner 56 is also taken into account.
• the associated chippers are shown at 82 and 84.
• the chipper 82, 84 are sold by the applicant under the type designation FR15.
• the model is machined in the chippers 82 and 84 (lines XIV-XIV and XV-XV), as shown in FIGS. 14 and 15.
• the chippers 82 and 84 like the flat chipper 46, can also be rotated about a vertical axis and displaced transversely to the conveying direction of the model. They can therefore be set to a position along the curve line 80 in the manner described and can be aligned there in the tangential direction of the curve line 80, this position being spatially fixed during the machining process on the model.
• the uniform arc line 80 with an arc radius dependent on the curvature of the round timber has its high point at 86 in FIG. 1F.
• a groove saw is designated by way of example for the chipper 82 with 83 and a profiling milling cutter is indicated with 85.
• These units 83, 85 are displaced perpendicular to the conveying direction to a position on the sheet 80, that is to say they are positioned in a fixed manner along the sheet line 80.
• wood chips are produced, as described in detail in the previously mentioned DE 198 29 112 Cl and DE 199 60 319 Cl.
• the profiled model then runs on the chain conveyor 58 ′′ which continues to run and is shown again in FIG. IG and which is likewise provided downstream with a tapering channel 60 ′ and a corresponding chain 66 ′. From there, the model arrives at a cutting double-shaft circular saw 88 , as described by the applicant under the type designation DWK T 6 is distributed.
• the saw blades of the double-shaft circular saw 88 are designated 89 in FIG.
• a band saw unit can be used instead of the double-shaft circular saw 88.
• Pull-out rollers 90 are arranged downstream of the double-shaft circular saw 88.
• the pull-out rollers 90 serve to convey the side boards and other wood products out of the double-shaft circular saw 88.
• the second alternative of the conveying method applies to the positioning and mode of operation of the guide rollers 86 and the pull-out rollers 90.
• These elements are also preferably arranged stationary along the curved processing path.
• the pull-out rollers 90 are designed to be pivotable as a whole due to the orientation of their axes of rotation parallel to the plane of curvature, as indicated by double arrows 92 in FIG.
• the swivel axis runs perpendicular to the plane of curvature.
• the setting is therefore also an arcuate copying process generated by the positioning elements, the high point of which is 94 at the center of the saw shaft.
• the now completely exposed model is now released into a separating wedge 96, which in turn separates the side boards in an area 98 and conveys the main goods further via a conveyor element.

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• Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
• Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
• Forests & Forestry (AREA)
• Milling, Drilling, And Turning Of Wood (AREA)

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• 2002
  • 2002-01-31 ES ES02718072T patent/ES2329344T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 2002-01-31 AT AT02718072T patent/ATE439220T1/de active
  • 2002-01-31 DE DE50213762T patent/DE50213762D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 2002-01-31 DK DK02718072T patent/DK1365899T3/da active
  • 2002-01-31 EP EP02718072A patent/EP1365899B1/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 2002-01-31 DE DE10203871A patent/DE10203871A1/de not_active Withdrawn
  • 2002-01-31 WO PCT/EP2002/001014 patent/WO2002060659A2/fr active Application Filing
• 2003
  • 2003-07-03 NO NO20033050A patent/NO323066B1/no not_active IP Right Cessation

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