EP1363986A1 - Geschirrspulmittel und verfahren zur herstellung derselben - Google Patents
Geschirrspulmittel und verfahren zur herstellung derselbenInfo
- Publication number
- EP1363986A1 EP1363986A1 EP02706745A EP02706745A EP1363986A1 EP 1363986 A1 EP1363986 A1 EP 1363986A1 EP 02706745 A EP02706745 A EP 02706745A EP 02706745 A EP02706745 A EP 02706745A EP 1363986 A1 EP1363986 A1 EP 1363986A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- weight
- acid
- copolymer
- sulfonic acid
- particles
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 238000004851 dishwashing Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 49
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 11
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 94
- 125000000542 sulfonic acid group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 60
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 43
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 150000001735 carboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 62
- 239000002736 nonionic surfactant Substances 0.000 claims description 60
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 59
- 239000003599 detergent Substances 0.000 claims description 52
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 33
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 33
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 30
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims description 27
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims description 27
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 25
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 24
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- -1 extrudates Substances 0.000 description 76
- IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene oxide Chemical compound C1CO1 IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 61
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 50
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 48
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 42
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 40
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 37
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 description 37
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 description 37
- 239000001993 wax Substances 0.000 description 32
- 150000004665 fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 description 28
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 25
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 description 25
- 239000003826 tablet Substances 0.000 description 25
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 24
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 23
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 23
- 239000007844 bleaching agent Substances 0.000 description 20
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 19
- 239000012459 cleaning agent Substances 0.000 description 18
- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N citric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
- 235000019832 sodium triphosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 15
- 102000004190 Enzymes Human genes 0.000 description 14
- 108090000790 Enzymes Proteins 0.000 description 14
- 229940088598 enzyme Drugs 0.000 description 14
- 150000002191 fatty alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 14
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 14
- 235000019198 oils Nutrition 0.000 description 14
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 14
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 14
- 125000006850 spacer group Chemical group 0.000 description 14
- 239000003205 fragrance Substances 0.000 description 13
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Propenoic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=C NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 12
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 12
- SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-methoxy-5-methylphenyl)ethanamine Chemical compound COC1=CC=C(C)C=C1CCN SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 11
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical group C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 11
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 11
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propanedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)CC(O)=O OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- WNLRTRBMVRJNCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N adipic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCCCC(O)=O WNLRTRBMVRJNCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 10
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-butenedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=CC(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- LWIHDJKSTIGBAC-UHFFFAOYSA-K tripotassium phosphate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[K+].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O LWIHDJKSTIGBAC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 10
- 239000010457 zeolite Substances 0.000 description 10
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 9
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 description 9
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 9
- 229920002245 Dextrose equivalent Polymers 0.000 description 8
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 108091005804 Peptidases Proteins 0.000 description 8
- 239000004365 Protease Substances 0.000 description 8
- 229910021536 Zeolite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 239000012190 activator Substances 0.000 description 8
- HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UPHRSURJSA-N maleic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)\C=C/C(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UPHRSURJSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000011976 maleic acid Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 8
- 235000021317 phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 8
- CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methacrylic acid Chemical compound CC(=C)C(O)=O CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- ABLZXFCXXLZCGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorous acid Chemical class OP(O)=O ABLZXFCXXLZCGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 239000002535 acidifier Substances 0.000 description 7
- 150000001338 aliphatic hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 7
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 7
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 7
- BXWNKGSJHAJOGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexadecan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCO BXWNKGSJHAJOGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229920005646 polycarboxylate Polymers 0.000 description 7
- 229920005862 polyol Polymers 0.000 description 7
- 150000003254 radicals Chemical class 0.000 description 7
- UNXRWKVEANCORM-UHFFFAOYSA-I triphosphate(5-) Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])(=O)OP([O-])(=O)OP([O-])([O-])=O UNXRWKVEANCORM-UHFFFAOYSA-I 0.000 description 7
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerine Chemical compound OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000004435 Oxo alcohol Substances 0.000 description 6
- KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Succinic acid Natural products OC(=O)CCC(O)=O KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 6
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 6
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000003925 fat Substances 0.000 description 6
- 235000019197 fats Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- GLDOVTGHNKAZLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCO GLDOVTGHNKAZLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 235000011007 phosphoric acid Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- 150000003013 phosphoric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 229920001451 polypropylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 6
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 6
- 150000004760 silicates Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 239000001488 sodium phosphate Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000003760 tallow Substances 0.000 description 6
- FRPJTGXMTIIFIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetraacetylethylenediamine Chemical compound CC(=O)C(N)(C(C)=O)C(N)(C(C)=O)C(C)=O FRPJTGXMTIIFIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- HLZKNKRTKFSKGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetradecan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCO HLZKNKRTKFSKGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-M Bicarbonate Chemical compound OC([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 5
- 229920001353 Dextrin Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 239000004375 Dextrin Substances 0.000 description 5
- 108090001060 Lipase Proteins 0.000 description 5
- 102000004882 Lipase Human genes 0.000 description 5
- 239000004367 Lipase Substances 0.000 description 5
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- GOOHAUXETOMSMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propylene oxide Chemical group CC1CO1 GOOHAUXETOMSMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 102100037486 Reverse transcriptase/ribonuclease H Human genes 0.000 description 5
- 240000007313 Tilia cordata Species 0.000 description 5
- 239000001361 adipic acid Substances 0.000 description 5
- 235000011037 adipic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 235000019425 dextrin Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- BNIILDVGGAEEIG-UHFFFAOYSA-L disodium hydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].OP([O-])([O-])=O BNIILDVGGAEEIG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 5
- 230000007062 hydrolysis Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000006460 hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000010348 incorporation Methods 0.000 description 5
- 235000019421 lipase Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 150000003077 polyols Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 5
- 235000019419 proteases Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- KBPLFHHGFOOTCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-Octanol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCO KBPLFHHGFOOTCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- RTBFRGCFXZNCOE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-methylsulfonylpiperidin-4-one Chemical compound CS(=O)(=O)N1CCC(=O)CC1 RTBFRGCFXZNCOE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- ZGZHWIAQICBGKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-nonanoylpyrrolidine-2,5-dione Chemical compound CCCCCCCCC(=O)N1C(=O)CCC1=O ZGZHWIAQICBGKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- HGINCPLSRVDWNT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acrolein Chemical compound C=CC=O HGINCPLSRVDWNT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 108010065511 Amylases Proteins 0.000 description 4
- 102000013142 Amylases Human genes 0.000 description 4
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 235000008733 Citrus aurantifolia Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- RGHNJXZEOKUKBD-SQOUGZDYSA-N D-gluconic acid Chemical compound OC[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C(O)=O RGHNJXZEOKUKBD-SQOUGZDYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-OWOJBTEDSA-N Fumaric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)\C=C\C(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-OWOJBTEDSA-N 0.000 description 4
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N Glucose Natural products OC[C@H]1OC(O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000004166 Lanolin Substances 0.000 description 4
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 description 4
- 229920003171 Poly (ethylene oxide) Polymers 0.000 description 4
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
- 229920002125 Sokalan® Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 235000011941 Tilia x europaea Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- UAOKXEHOENRFMP-ZJIFWQFVSA-N [(2r,3r,4s,5r)-2,3,4,5-tetraacetyloxy-6-oxohexyl] acetate Chemical compound CC(=O)OC[C@@H](OC(C)=O)[C@@H](OC(C)=O)[C@H](OC(C)=O)[C@@H](OC(C)=O)C=O UAOKXEHOENRFMP-ZJIFWQFVSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910000288 alkali metal carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 150000008041 alkali metal carbonates Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 235000019418 amylase Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- JFCQEDHGNNZCLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N anhydrous glutaric acid Natural products OC(=O)CCCC(O)=O JFCQEDHGNNZCLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 4
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-VFUOTHLCSA-N beta-D-glucose Chemical compound OC[C@H]1O[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-VFUOTHLCSA-N 0.000 description 4
- KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-NUQCWPJISA-N butanedioic acid Chemical compound O[14C](=O)CC[14C](O)=O KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-NUQCWPJISA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000000969 carrier Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229960000541 cetyl alcohol Drugs 0.000 description 4
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000001177 diphosphate Substances 0.000 description 4
- NOPFSRXAKWQILS-UHFFFAOYSA-N docosan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCO NOPFSRXAKWQILS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- LQZZUXJYWNFBMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N dodecan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCO LQZZUXJYWNFBMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000000975 dye Substances 0.000 description 4
- 150000002170 ethers Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 4
- GOQYKNQRPGWPLP-UHFFFAOYSA-N heptadecan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCO GOQYKNQRPGWPLP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 description 4
- BTFJIXJJCSYFAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N icosan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCO BTFJIXJJCSYFAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 230000001788 irregular Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000004571 lime Substances 0.000 description 4
- 125000000896 monocarboxylic acid group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- 235000019796 monopotassium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- IPCSVZSSVZVIGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-hexadecanoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O IPCSVZSSVZVIGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000002304 perfume Substances 0.000 description 4
- BITYAPCSNKJESK-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassiosodium Chemical compound [Na].[K] BITYAPCSNKJESK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 235000011009 potassium phosphates Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 235000019828 potassium polyphosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 159000000000 sodium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- TYWMIZZBOVGFOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetracosan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCO TYWMIZZBOVGFOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000001226 triphosphate Substances 0.000 description 4
- 125000004398 2-methyl-2-butyl group Chemical group CC(C)(CC)* 0.000 description 3
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- FEWJPZIEWOKRBE-JCYAYHJZSA-N Dextrotartaric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C(O)=O FEWJPZIEWOKRBE-JCYAYHJZSA-N 0.000 description 3
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- DBVJJBKOTRCVKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Etidronic acid Chemical compound OP(=O)(O)C(O)(C)P(O)(O)=O DBVJJBKOTRCVKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 102000004157 Hydrolases Human genes 0.000 description 3
- 108090000604 Hydrolases Proteins 0.000 description 3
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oleic acid Natural products CCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oxalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(O)=O MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 102000035195 Peptidases Human genes 0.000 description 3
- 229920002257 Plurafac® Polymers 0.000 description 3
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000004115 Sodium Silicate Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920002472 Starch Polymers 0.000 description 3
- FEWJPZIEWOKRBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tartaric acid Natural products [H+].[H+].[O-]C(=O)C(O)C(O)C([O-])=O FEWJPZIEWOKRBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- ZJCCRDAZUWHFQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Trimethylolpropane Chemical compound CCC(CO)(CO)CO ZJCCRDAZUWHFQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 125000002947 alkylene group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000004061 bleaching Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229920001400 block copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 150000001720 carbohydrates Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 125000002915 carbonyl group Chemical group [*:2]C([*:1])=O 0.000 description 3
- 239000012876 carrier material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 description 3
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- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000003776 cleavage reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- RKTYLMNFRDHKIL-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper;5,10,15,20-tetraphenylporphyrin-22,24-diide Chemical compound [Cu+2].C1=CC(C(=C2C=CC([N-]2)=C(C=2C=CC=CC=2)C=2C=CC(N=2)=C(C=2C=CC=CC=2)C2=CC=C3[N-]2)C=2C=CC=CC=2)=NC1=C3C1=CC=CC=C1 RKTYLMNFRDHKIL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 3
- 150000004691 decahydrates Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- MWKFXSUHUHTGQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N decan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCO MWKFXSUHUHTGQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- XPPKVPWEQAFLFU-UHFFFAOYSA-J diphosphate(4-) Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])(=O)OP([O-])([O-])=O XPPKVPWEQAFLFU-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 3
- 235000011180 diphosphates Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- ZPWVASYFFYYZEW-UHFFFAOYSA-L dipotassium hydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].OP([O-])([O-])=O ZPWVASYFFYYZEW-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 3
- 239000007884 disintegrant Substances 0.000 description 3
- POULHZVOKOAJMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N dodecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O POULHZVOKOAJMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-MDZDMXLPSA-N elaidic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCC\C=C\CCCCCCCC(O)=O ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-MDZDMXLPSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 3
- 239000008103 glucose Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 3
- ZSIAUFGUXNUGDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCCCCO ZSIAUFGUXNUGDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- VKOBVWXKNCXXDE-UHFFFAOYSA-N icosanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O VKOBVWXKNCXXDE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- QXJSBBXBKPUZAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N isooleic acid Natural products CCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCCC(O)=O QXJSBBXBKPUZAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 150000002576 ketones Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 235000019388 lanolin Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 230000002366 lipolytic effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 3
- WQEPLUUGTLDZJY-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Pentadecanoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O WQEPLUUGTLDZJY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 125000004123 n-propyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 3
- HWGNBUXHKFFFIH-UHFFFAOYSA-I pentasodium;[oxido(phosphonatooxy)phosphoryl] phosphate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[O-]P([O-])(=O)OP([O-])(=O)OP([O-])([O-])=O HWGNBUXHKFFFIH-UHFFFAOYSA-I 0.000 description 3
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 3
- 125000001476 phosphono group Chemical group [H]OP(*)(=O)O[H] 0.000 description 3
- 239000004584 polyacrylic acid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920006324 polyoxymethylene Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 125000002924 primary amino group Chemical group [H]N([H])* 0.000 description 3
- 230000002829 reductive effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000007017 scission Effects 0.000 description 3
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- RUVINXPYWBROJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N para-methoxyphenyl Natural products COC1=CC=C(C=CC)C=C1 RUVINXPYWBROJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- ATGAWOHQWWULNK-UHFFFAOYSA-I pentapotassium;[oxido(phosphonatooxy)phosphoryl] phosphate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[K+].[K+].[K+].[O-]P([O-])(=O)OP([O-])(=O)OP([O-])([O-])=O ATGAWOHQWWULNK-UHFFFAOYSA-I 0.000 description 1
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- PJNZPQUBCPKICU-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphoric acid;potassium Chemical compound [K].OP(O)(O)=O PJNZPQUBCPKICU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 229920001281 polyalkylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
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- 229920002503 polyoxyethylene-polyoxypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 150000003109 potassium Chemical class 0.000 description 1
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- UIIIBRHUICCMAI-UHFFFAOYSA-N prop-2-ene-1-sulfonic acid Chemical compound OS(=O)(=O)CC=C UIIIBRHUICCMAI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001436 propyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
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- 239000012176 shellac wax Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007873 sieving Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000029 sodium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000003388 sodium compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- AJPJDKMHJJGVTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium dihydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [Na+].OP(O)([O-])=O AJPJDKMHJJGVTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229910001415 sodium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000012418 sodium perborate tetrahydrate Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 229940048086 sodium pyrophosphate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- IBDSNZLUHYKHQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium;3-oxidodioxaborirane;tetrahydrate Chemical compound O.O.O.O.[Na+].[O-]B1OO1 IBDSNZLUHYKHQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003549 soybean oil Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001384 succinic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- IIACRCGMVDHOTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfamic acid Chemical compound NS(O)(=O)=O IIACRCGMVDHOTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 235000020357 syrup Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000006188 syrup Substances 0.000 description 1
- KUCOHFSKRZZVRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N terephthalaldehyde Chemical compound O=CC1=CC=C(C=O)C=C1 KUCOHFSKRZZVRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003505 terpenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000007586 terpenes Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920001897 terpolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 125000000999 tert-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(*)(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- CBYCSRICVDBHMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetracosanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O.CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O CBYCSRICVDBHMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZTUXEFFFLOVXQE-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetradecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O.CCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O ZTUXEFFFLOVXQE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- TUNFSRHWOTWDNC-HKGQFRNVSA-N tetradecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCC[14C](O)=O TUNFSRHWOTWDNC-HKGQFRNVSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000001577 tetrasodium phosphonato phosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004753 textile Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004448 titration Methods 0.000 description 1
- AQWHMKSIVLSRNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-Octadec-5-ensaeure Natural products CCCCCCCCCCCCC=CCCCC(O)=O AQWHMKSIVLSRNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ILJSQTXMGCGYMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N triacetic acid Chemical compound CC(=O)CC(=O)CC(O)=O ILJSQTXMGCGYMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003918 triazines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000003852 triazoles Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- ZKWDCFPLNQTHSH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tribromoisocyanuric acid Chemical compound BrN1C(=O)N(Br)C(=O)N(Br)C1=O ZKWDCFPLNQTHSH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000004684 trihydrates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910000404 tripotassium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000019798 tripotassium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000021122 unsaturated fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000004670 unsaturated fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000012178 vegetable wax Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010679 vetiver oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- NLVXSWCKKBEXTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N vinylsulfonic acid Chemical compound OS(=O)(=O)C=C NLVXSWCKKBEXTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000020234 walnut Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000019386 wax ester Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000004018 waxing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009736 wetting Methods 0.000 description 1
- ZFNVDHOSLNRHNN-UHFFFAOYSA-N xi-3-(4-Isopropylphenyl)-2-methylpropanal Chemical compound O=CC(C)CC1=CC=C(C(C)C)C=C1 ZFNVDHOSLNRHNN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003752 zinc compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D17/00—Detergent materials or soaps characterised by their shape or physical properties
- C11D17/0047—Detergents in the form of bars or tablets
- C11D17/0065—Solid detergents containing builders
- C11D17/0073—Tablets
- C11D17/0091—Dishwashing tablets
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
- C11D3/16—Organic compounds
- C11D3/37—Polymers
- C11D3/3746—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- C11D3/378—(Co)polymerised monomers containing sulfur, e.g. sulfonate
Definitions
- the present invention relates to cleaning agents for machine dishwashing, in particular those cleaning agents which provide the benefits of cleaning agent and rinse aid in one product, and the production processes for such rinse aid and cleaning agents are further objects of the present invention
- German patent application DE 100 32 612.9 discloses the use of copolymers of i) unsaturated carboxylic acids, n) monomers containing sulfonic acid groups and IM) optionally further ionic or nonionic monomers in automatic dishwashing detergents and automatic dishwashing agents which contain such polymers are also described there, where the agents can be provided in solid or liquid form, for example as powders, granules, extrudates, tablets, liquids or gels
- Polymers for the detergent and cleaning agent industries are usually traded in the form of aqueous solutions which have concentrations between 30 and 60% by weight. These solutions can be used directly in the customary processing steps, for example granulation.
- the sulfonic acid groups described in DE 100 32 612 9 -containing copolymers can only be processed extremely inadequately in this way, since the corresponding solutions are very sticky and make it difficult to form homogeneous, free-flowing mixtures.
- particulate products into which the polymer has been incorporated from its delivery form tend to clump and thus have low consumer acceptance. while tableted products have problems such as post-curing and poor dissolving properties
- a process should be provided which enables the copolymers containing sulfonic acid groups to be incorporated into machine dishwashing detergents in any desired amount without the process safety being impaired or the production apparatus being sustainably contaminated.
- the present invention therefore relates, in a first embodiment, to automatic dishwashing detergents which contain a) 1 to 99.9% by weight of builder (s), b) 0.1 to 70% by weight of copolymers of i) unsaturated carboxylic acids ii) Monomers iii) containing sulfonic acid groups, optionally further ionic or nonionic
- Monomers contain, wherein they contain the sulfonic acid group-containing copolymer in particulate form.
- R 1 to R 3 independently of one another are -H -CH 3 , a straight-chain or branched saturated alkyl radical having 2 to 12 carbon atoms, a straight-chain or branched, mono- or polyunsaturated alkenyl radical having 2 to 12 carbon atoms, with -NH 2 , -OH or - COOH substituted alkyl or alkenyl radicals as defined above or represents -COOH or - COOR 4 , where R 4 is a saturated or unsaturated, straight-chain or branched hydrocarbon radical having 1 to 12 carbon atoms.
- Preferred monomers containing sulfonic acid groups are those of the formula II
- Preferred among these monomers are those of the formulas IIa, Mb and / or IIc,
- H 2 C CH-X-S0 3 H (Ila),
- H 2 C C (CH 3 ) -X-S0 3 H (Mb),
- ionic or nonionic monomers that can be used are, in particular, ethylenically unsaturated compounds.
- the group iii) content of the polymers used according to the invention is preferably less than 20% by weight, based on the polymer. Polymers to be used with particular preference consist only of monomers of groups i) and ii).
- the copolymers used according to the invention can contain the monomers from groups i) and ii) and optionally iii) in varying amounts, all representatives from group i) being combined with all representatives from group ii) and all representatives from group iii) can.
- Particularly preferred polymers have certain structural units, which are described below.
- automatic dishwashing agents according to the invention are preferred which are characterized in that they contain one or more copolymers which have structural units of the formula III
- polymers are produced by copolymerization of acrylic acid with an acrylic acid derivative containing sulfonic acid groups. If the sulfonic acid group-containing acrylic acid derivative is copolymerized with methacrylic acid, another polymer is obtained, which can also preferably be incorporated into the agents according to the invention and structural units of the formula IV
- acrylic acid and / or methacrylic acid can also be copolymerized with methacrylic acid derivatives containing sulfonic acid groups, as a result of which the structural units in the molecule are changed.
- maleic acid can also be used as a particularly preferred monomer from group i).
- preferred agents according to the invention are obtained which are characterized in that they contain one or more copolymers, the structural units of the formula VII
- the sulfonic acid groups in the polymers may be wholly or partly in neutralized form, i.e. that the acidic hydrogen atom of the sulfonic acid group in some or all sulfonic acid groups can be replaced by metal ions, preferably alkali metal ions and in particular by sodium ions.
- metal ions preferably alkali metal ions and in particular by sodium ions.
- Combinations of the sulfonated copolymers with heteroatom-containing polymers or copolymers, in particular those with amino or phosphono groups, are also suitable.
- Agents according to the invention are particularly preferred which additionally contain 0.1 to 30% by weight of homo- and / or copolymeric polycarboxylic acids or their salts and / or heteroatom-containing polymers / copolymers, in particular those with amino or phosphono groups.
- the combination with polymers and copolymers containing amino and / or phosphono groups is advantageous in builder systems which only partially are phosphate based, e.g. Phosphate / citrate mixing systems.
- the monomer distribution in the copolymers containing sulfonic acid groups is preferably 5 to 95% by weight of i) or ii), particularly preferably 50 to 90% by weight, of copolymers which contain only monomers from groups i) and ii). Monomer from group i) and 10 to 50% by weight monomer from group ii), in each case based on the polymer.
- terpolymers those which contain 20 to 85% by weight of monomer from group i), 10 to 60% by weight of monomer from group ii) and 5 to 30% by weight of monomer from group iii) are particularly preferred ,
- the molecular weight of the copolymers containing sulfonic acid groups can be varied in order to adapt the properties of the polymers to the intended use.
- Preferred copolymers containing sulfonic acid groups are characterized in that they have molar masses from 2000 to 200,000 gmol "1 , preferably from 4000 to 25,000 gmol " 1 and in particular from 5000 to 15,000 gmol "1 .
- the copolymers containing sulfonic acid groups described above are used in particulate form. This means that the agents according to the invention contain the copolymers containing sulfonic acid groups in the form of discrete, isolatable particles.
- These particles can consist entirely of the copolymers containing sulfonic acid groups or can be so-called compounds which additionally contain other substances, for example carrier materials.
- the decisive factor for the success of the invention is the particulate form, which can only be achieved by adding it as a solid during the manufacturing process (see below).
- the conventional incorporation of the delivery form of the polymers as a solution leads to a distribution of the copolymers on the surface of all other particles contained in the mixture (comparable to a “coating” of all particles with a copolymer or copolymer solution) and thus to the problems described above in subsequent packaging and storage or when compressed into tablets.
- “In particulate form” therefore means that the agents according to the invention are a particle mixture (optionally compressed into tablets or phases thereof) from a large number of particles (builders, optional bleaching agents, etc.) in which the copolymers containing sulfonic acid groups form part of the particle matrix.
- the particles of the copolymers containing sulfonic acid groups contained in the agents meet certain particle size criteria.
- automatic dishwashing agents according to the invention are preferred in which at least 50% by weight, preferably at least 60% by weight, particularly preferably at least 75% by weight and in particular at least 90% by weight of the particles of the copolymer containing sulfonic acid groups contained in the composition Have particle sizes above 200 microns.
- the particle sizes or the fulfillment of the particle size criteria can be determined by sieving the polymer particles in a manner known to the person skilled in the art. In other words, for the preferred agents described above, this means that at least 50% by weight, preferably at least 60% by weight, particularly preferably at least 75% by weight and in particular at least 90% by weight of the particles of the Copolymers containing sulfonic acid groups remain on sieves with a mesh size of 200 ⁇ m.
- the polymer particles are preferably still coarser, so that, for example, at least 50% by weight, preferably at least 50% by weight, particularly preferably at least 60% by weight and in particular at least 80% by weight of the particles of the sulfonic acid group containing copolymers remain on sieves with a mesh size of 400 ⁇ m.
- the particle size range is also preferably limited at the top: in particularly preferred agents, the polymer has a particle size distribution in which a maximum of 60% by weight, preferably a maximum of 50% by weight and in particular a maximum of 40% by weight of the particles of the copolymer containing sulfonic acid groups contained on average remain on sieves with a mesh size of 800 ⁇ m.
- Coarse and fine fractions are preferably only present to a minor extent, so that preferred automatic dishwashing detergents are characterized in that a maximum of 20% by weight, preferably a maximum of 15% by weight and in particular a maximum of 10% by weight of the particles of the Copolymer containing sulfonic acid groups have particle sizes below 200 ⁇ m or above 1200 ⁇ m.
- the particles of the copolymer containing sulfonic acid groups contained in the compositions according to the invention preferably have a certain water content.
- the success of the invention can be increased still further by the provision of such particles whose water content is controlled. Excessively high water contents of polymer particles can easily be reduced, for example by drying, and in a manner known to the person skilled in the art.
- the water content of the particles of the copolymer of the sulfonic acid group-containing copolymer contained in the composition is 3 to 12% by weight, preferably 4 to 11% by weight and in particular 5 to 10% by weight, based in each case on the copoly - mer particles.
- the water content of the polymer particles can be determined in a simple manner by titration according to Karl Fischer.
- the bulk density of the particles of the copolymer containing sulfonic acid groups contained in the compositions according to the invention is preferably within a certain range. Bulk weight is understood to mean the weight of a loose bed, not the tamped weight.
- automatic dishwashing agents according to the invention are particularly preferred in which the bulk density of the particles of the copolymer containing sulfonic acid groups contains 550 to 850 g / l, preferably 570 to 800 g / l, particularly preferably 590 to 750 g / l and in particular 600 to 720 g / l.
- the amounts in which the sulfonic acid group-containing copolymer (s) is / are used are between 0.1 and 70% by weight, in each case based on the total composition.
- Particularly preferred here are automatic dishwashing agents according to the invention, which are characterized in that they contain the sulfonic acid group-containing copolymer (s) in amounts of 0.25 to 50% by weight, preferably 0.5 to 35% by weight. -%, particularly preferably from 0.75 to 20 wt .-% and in particular from 1 to 15 wt .-%.
- automatic dishwashing agents according to the invention which additionally contain 2 to 40% by weight, preferably 3 to 30% by weight and in particular 5 to 20% by weight, of one or more ingredients with a melting or softening point below 60 ° C. included, with nonionic surfactant (s) being preferred.
- Such ingredients with melting or softening points below 60 ° C can come from a variety of substance classes. Many of these ingredients do not show a sharply defined melting point, as is usually the case with pure, crystalline substances, but rather a melting range that may be several degrees Celsius. In the preferred means described above, this is below 60 ° C., this limit not denoting the width of the melting range, but rather only its “location”.
- the width of the melting range is preferably at least 1 ° C., preferably about 2 to about 3 ° C. ,
- waxes The properties mentioned above are usually fulfilled by so-called waxes.
- "Waxing” is understood to mean a number of natural or artificially obtained substances which generally melt above 40 ° C. without decomposition and which are relatively low-viscosity and not stringy even a little above the melting point. They have a strongly temperature-dependent consistency and solubility.
- the waxes are divided into three groups according to their origin, natural waxes, chemically modified waxes and synthetic waxes.
- Natural waxes include, for example, vegetable waxes such as candelilla wax, carnauba wax, japan wax, esparto grass wax, cork wax, guaruma wax, rice germ oil wax, sugar cane wax, ouricury wax, or montan wax, animal waxes such as beeswax, shellac wax, walnut, lanolin (wool wax), or broom wax, mineral wax or ozokerite (earth wax), or petrochemical waxes such as petrolatum, paraffin waxes or micro waxes.
- vegetable waxes such as candelilla wax, carnauba wax, japan wax, esparto grass wax, cork wax, guaruma wax, rice germ oil wax, sugar cane wax, ouricury wax, or montan wax
- animal waxes such as beeswax, shellac wax, walnut, lanolin (wool wax), or broom wax, mineral wax or ozokerite (earth wax), or
- the chemically modified waxes include hard waxes such as montan ester waxes, Sassol waxes or hydrogenated jojoba waxes.
- Synthetic waxes are generally understood to mean polyalkylene waxes or polyalkylene glycol waxes. Compounds from other classes of material which meet the stated requirements with regard to the softening point can also be used as covering materials.
- suitable synthetic compounds have, for example, higher esters of phthalic acid, in particular dicyclohexyl, which is commercially available under the name Unimoll 66 ® (Bayer AG), proved.
- synthetically produced waxes from lower carboxylic acids and fatty alcohols for example dimyristyl tartrate, which is sold under the name Cosmacol ® ETLP (Condea) is available.
- synthetic or partially synthetic esters from lower alcohols with fatty acids from native sources can also be used.
- Tegin ® 90 Goldschmidt
- a glycerol monostearate palmitate falls into this class of substances.
- wax alcohols are also included in the waxes in the context of the present invention, for example.
- Wax alcohols are higher molecular weight, water-insoluble fatty alcohols with usually about 22 to 40 carbon atoms.
- the wax alcohols occur, for example, in the form of wax esters of higher molecular fatty acids (wax acids) as the main component of many natural waxes.
- wax alcohols are lignoceryl alcohol (1-tetracosanol), cetyl alcohol, myristyl alcohol or melissyl alcohol.
- the coating of the present invention the solid particles coated can optionally also contain wool wax alcohols which are understood to be triterpenoid and steroid alcohols, for example lanolin understood, which is obtainable for example under the trade name Argowax ® (Pamentier & Co).
- wool wax alcohols which are understood to be triterpenoid and steroid alcohols, for example lanolin understood, which is obtainable for example under the trade name Argowax ® (Pamentier & Co).
- fatty acid glycol esters or fatty acid alkanolamides but also, if appropriate, water-insoluble or only slightly water-soluble polyalkylene glycol compounds can likewise be used at least in part as part of the casing.
- waxes described above can be incorporated into the agents at a certain point in the cleaning cycle in order to delay the release of ingredients.
- So-called “fatty substances” are also suitable for this purpose, which may also have melting or softening points below 60 ° C.
- fatty substances are understood to mean solids from the group of fatty alcohols, fatty acids and fatty acid derivatives, in particular the fatty acid esters, at normal temperature (20 ° C.).
- fatty alcohols and fatty alcohol mixtures, fatty acids and fatty acid mixtures, fatty acid esters with alkanols or diols or polyols, fatty acid amides, fatty amines etc. can preferably be used as fatty substances.
- Preferred detergent components contain as ingredient c) one or more substances from the groups of fatty alcohols, fatty acids and fatty acid esters.
- fatty alcohols examples include the alcohols 1-hexanol (capro alcohol), 1-heptanol (önanthal alcohol), 1-octanol (caprylic alcohol), 1-nonanol (pelargon alcohol), 1-decanol (capric alcohol), 1-undecanol, which are accessible from native fats and oils , 10-undecen-1-ol, 1-dodecanol
- Fatty acids are also fatty substances. Technically, most of these are obtained from native fats and oils by hydrolysis. While the alkaline saponification which was carried out in the past century led directly to the alkali salts (soaps), only water is used on an industrial scale to split the fats into glycerol and the free fatty acids. Large-scale processes are, for example, cleavage in an autoclave or continuous high-pressure cleavage.
- Carboxylic acids which can be used as fatty substances in the context of the present invention are, for example, hexanoic acid (caproic acid), heptanoic acid (enanthic acid), octanoic acid (caprylic acid), nonanoic acid (pelargonic acid), decanoic acid (capric acid), undecanoic acid, etc.
- fatty acids such as dodecanoic acid (lauric acid), tetradecanoic acid (myristic acid), hexadecanoic acid (palmitic acid), octadecanoic acid (stearic acid), eicosanoic acid (arachic acid), docosanoic acid (behenic acid), tetracosanoic acid (lignoceric acid), hexotanoic acid (hexotonic acid), hexotonic acid (hexotonic acid), hexotanoic acid (hexotonic acid) Melisic acid) and the unsaturated species 9c-hexadecenoic acid (palmitoleic acid), 6c-octadecenoic acid (petroselinic acid), 6t-octadecenoic acid (petroselaidic acid), 9c-octadecenoic acid (oleic acid)
- fatty acids such as dodecanoic
- tridecanoic acid pentadecanoic acid, margaric acid, nonadecanoic acid, erucic acid, elaeostearic acid and arachidonic acid can also be used.
- Such mixtures are for example, coconut oil fatty acid (about 6 wt .-% C 8, 6 wt .-% C 10 48 wt .-% C 12 18 wt .-% C 1, 10 wt .-% C 16, 2 wt .-% C18, 8 wt .-% C 18 - 1 wt .-% C 18 -), palm kernel oil fatty acid (about 4 wt .-% C 8, 5 wt .-% C 10, 50 wt .-% C 12, 15 wt .-% C 14, 7 wt .-% C 16, 2 wt .-% C 18 15 wt .-% C 18 - 1 wt .-% C 18 -), tallow fatty acid (ca.
- esters of fatty acids with alkanols, diols or polyols can be used as fatty acid esters, fatty acid polyol esters being preferred.
- Suitable fatty acid polyol esters are monoesters and diesters of fatty acids with certain polyols.
- the fatty acids which are esterified with the polyols are preferably saturated or unsaturated fatty acids having 12 to 18 carbon atoms, for example lauric acid, myristic acid, palmitic acid or stearic acid, preference being given to using the technically obtained mixtures of the fatty acids, for example those of coconut, Acid mixtures derived from palm kernel or taig fat.
- acids or mixtures of acids with 16 to 18 carbon atoms are suitable for esterification with the polyhydric alcohols.
- Suitable polyols which are esterified with the abovementioned fatty acids are sorbitol, trimethylolpropane, neopentyl glycol, ethylene glycol, polyethylene glycols, glycerol and polyglycerols in the context of the present invention.
- the agents described above are usually only used if certain effects - e.g. the delayed release of ingredients - to be achieved.
- the agents according to the invention can also contain substances with melting or softening points, which are usually included in the agents in order to improve the performance of the agents.
- substances are in particular nonionic surfactants.
- the cleaning agent according to the invention contains nonionic surfactants from the group of the alkoxylated alcohols.
- nonionic surfactants are preferably alkoxylated, advantageously ethoxylated, in particular primary alcohols having preferably 8 to 18 carbon atoms and an average of 1 to 12 moles of ethylene oxide (EO) per mole of alcohol, in which the alcohol radical is linear or preferably in the 2-position May be methyl-branched or may contain linear and methyl-branched radicals in the mixture, as are usually present in oxo alcohol radicals.
- EO ethylene oxide
- alcohol ethoxylates with linear residues of alcohols of native origin with 12 to 18 carbon atoms for example from coconut, palm, tallow or oleyl alcohol, and an average of 2 to 8 EO per mole of alcohol are particularly preferred.
- the preferred ethoxylated alcohols include, for example, C 2 . ⁇ -alcohols with 3 EO or 4 EO, C 9 .n-alcohol with 7 EO, C 13 . 15 alcohols with 3 EO, 5 EO, 7 EO or 8 EO, C ⁇ 2 . 18 alcohols with 3 EO, 5 EO or 7 EO and mixtures of these, such as mixtures of C 12 . 14 alcohol with 3 EO and C 12 . 18 alcohol with 5 EO.
- the degrees of ethoxylation given represent statistical mean values which, for a specific product, represent a whole or can be a fractional number.
- Preferred alcohol ethoxylates have a narrow homolog distribution (narrow range ethoxylates, NRE).
- fatty alcohols with more than 12 EO can also be used. Examples of this are tallow fatty alcohol with 14 EO, 25 EO, 30 EO or 40 EO.
- Propoxylated and / or butoxylated nonionic surfactants can preferably be used as further nonionic surfactants, the mixed alkoxylated, advantageously propoxylated and ethoxylated nonionic surfactants being of particular importance.
- the carbon chain length in the alkyl radical is preferably 8 to 18 carbon atoms, Cg.n-alkyl radicals, C 1 -C 3 -alkyl radicals and C 16 -C 8 -alkyl radicals being of particular importance.
- Nonionic surfactants which are composed of C 9 .n- or C 12 . 13 oxo alcohols were obtained.
- the preferred nonionic surfactants use an average of 1 to 20 moles of alkylene oxide (AO) per mole of alcohol, where AO stands for the sum of EO and PO.
- Particularly preferred nonionic surfactants in this group contain 1 to 5 mol PO and 5 to 15 mol EO.
- a particularly preferred representative of this group is a C 12 alkoxylated with 2 PO and 15 EO.
- 20 -Oxo alcohol which is available under the trade name Plurafac ® LF 300 (BASF).
- preferred nonionic surfactants can also have butylene oxide groups.
- the alkyl radicals mentioned above, in particular the oxo alcohol radicals, are again preferred here.
- the number of BO groups in preferred nonionic surfactants is 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5, the total number of alkylene oxide groups preferably being in the range from 10 to 25.
- An especially preferred representative of this group is available under the trade name Plurafac LF ® 221 (BASF) and can be represented by the formula C. 13 15 -0- (EO) 9 . 1 o (BO) 1 . 2 describe
- alkyl glycosides of the general formula RO (G) x can also be used as further nonionic surfactants, in which R denotes a primary straight-chain or methyl-branched, in particular methyl-branched aliphatic radical having 8 to 22, preferably 12 to 18, C atoms and G is the symbol which stands for a glycose unit with 5 or 6 carbon atoms, preferably for glucose.
- the degree of oligomerization x which indicates the distribution of monoglycosides and oligoglycosides, is any number between 1 and 10; x is preferably 1.2 to 1.4.
- nonionic surfactants which are used either as the sole nonionic surfactant or in combination with other nonionic surfactants, are alkoxylated, preferably ethoxylated or ethoxylated and propoxylated, fatty acid alkyl esters, preferably with 1 to 4 carbon atoms in the alkyl chain, in particular fatty acid methyl ester.
- Nonionic surfactants of the amine oxide type for example N-coconut alkyl-N, N-dimethylamine oxide and N-tallow alkyl-N, N-dihydroxyethylamine oxide, and the fatty acid alkanolamides can also be suitable.
- the amount of these nonionic surfactants is preferably not more than that of the ethoxylated fatty alcohols, in particular not more than half of them.
- surfactants are polyhydroxy fatty acid amides of the formula (IX),
- RCO stands for an aliphatic acyl radical with 6 to 22 carbon atoms
- R 1 for hydrogen, an alkyl or hydroxyalkyl radical with 1 to 4 carbon atoms
- [Z] for a linear or branched polyhydroxyalkyl radical with 3 to 10 carbon atoms and 3 to 10 hydroxyl groups.
- the polyhydroxy fatty acid amides are known substances which can usually be obtained by reductive amination of a reducing sugar with ammonia, an alkylamine or an alkanolamine and subsequent acylation with a fatty acid, a fatty acid alkyl ester or a fatty acid chloride.
- the group of polyhydroxy fatty acid amides also includes compounds of the formula (X)
- R represents a linear or branched alkyl or alkenyl radical having 7 to 12 carbon atoms
- R 1 represents a linear, branched or cyclic alkyl radical or an aryl radical having 2 to 8 carbon atoms
- R 2 represents a linear, branched or cyclic alkyl radical or an aryl radical or an oxyalkyl radical having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, C 1 -C 4 -alkyl or phenyl radicals being preferred
- [Z] being a linear polyhydroxyalkyl radical whose alkyl chain is substituted by at least two hydroxyl groups, or alkoxylated, preferably ethoxylated or propoxylated Derivatives of this rest.
- [Z] is preferably obtained by reductive amination of a reduced sugar, for example glucose, fructose, maltose, lactose, galactose, mannose or xylose.
- a reduced sugar for example glucose, fructose, maltose, lactose, galactose, mannose or xylose.
- the N-alkoxy- or N-aryloxy-substituted compounds can then be converted into the desired polyhydroxy fatty acid amides by reaction with fatty acid methyl esters in the presence of an alkoxide as catalyst.
- the automatic dishwashing detergents according to the invention to contain a nonionic surfactant which has a melting point above room temperature.
- the nonionic surfactant (s) having a melting point above 20 ° C., preferably above 25 ° C., particularly preferably between 25 and 60 ° C. and in particular between 26.6 and 43, 3 ° C, in amounts from 5.5 to 20% by weight, preferably from 6.0 to 17.5% by weight, particularly preferably from 6.5 to 15 and in particular from 7.0 to 12.5% by weight .-%, each based on the total agent.
- Suitable nonionic surfactants which have melting or softening points in the temperature range mentioned are, for example, low-foaming nonionic surfactants which can be solid or highly viscous at room temperature. If nonionic surfactants which are highly viscous at room temperature are used, it is preferred that they have a viscosity above 20 Pas, preferably above 35 Pas and in particular above 40 Pas. Nonionic surfactants that have a waxy consistency at room temperature are also preferred.
- Preferred nonionic surfactants to be used at room temperature originate from the groups of the alkoxylated nonionic surfactants, in particular the ethoxylated primary alcohols and mixtures of these surfactants with structurally more complex surfactants such as polyoxypropylene / polyoxyethylene / polyoxypropylene (PO / EO / PO) surfactants.
- Such (PO / EO / PO) nonionic surfactants are also characterized by good foam control.
- the nonionic surfactant with a melting point above room temperature is an ethoxylated nonionic surfactant which results from the reaction of a monohydroxyalkanol or alkylphenol having 6 to 20 carbon atoms with preferably at least 12 mol, particularly preferably at least 15 mol, in particular at least 20 moles of ethylene oxide per mole of alcohol or alkylphenol has resulted.
- Corresponding automatic dishwashing detergents which are characterized in that the nonionic surfactant (s) is / are ethoxylated nonionic surfactant (s), which are made from C 6 . 20 monohydroxyalkanols or C 6 - 2 o-alkylphenols or to C 16. 20 fatty alcohols and more than 12 moles, preferably more than 15 moles and in particular more than 20 moles of ethylene oxide per mole of alcohol are accordingly preferred.
- a particularly preferred solid at room temperature, non-ionic surfactant is selected from a straight chain fatty alcohol having 16 to 20 carbon atoms (C 16-2 alcohol), a C preferably 18 alcohol and at least 12 mole, preferably at least 15 mol and in particular at least 20 moles of ethylene oxide won. Among these, the so-called “narrow ranks ethoxylates" (see above) are particularly preferred.
- the nonionic surfactant which is solid at room temperature, preferably additionally has propylene oxide units in the molecule. Such PO units preferably make up up to 25% by weight, particularly preferably up to 20% by weight and in particular up to 15% by weight of the total molar mass of the nonionic surfactant.
- Automatic dishwashing detergents which contain ethoxylated and propoxylated nonionic surfactants in which the propylene oxide units in the molecule make up up to 25% by weight, preferably up to 20% by weight and in particular up to 15% by weight, of the total molecular weight of the nonionic surfactant preferred embodiments of the present invention.
- Particularly preferred nonionic surfactants are ethoxylated monohydroxyalkanols or alkylphenols, which additionally have polyoxyethylene-polyoxypropylene block copolymer units.
- the alcohol or The alkylphenol part of such nonionic surfactant molecules preferably makes up more than 30% by weight, particularly preferably more than 50% by weight and in particular more than 70% by weight of the total molecular weight of such nonionic surfactants.
- nonionic surfactants with melting points above room temperature contain 40 to 70% of a polyoxypropylene / polyoxyethylene / polyoxypropylene block polymer blend which contains 75% by weight of an inverted block copolymer of polyoxyethylene and polyoxypropylene with 17 mol of ethylene oxide and 44 mol of propylene oxide and 25% by weight.
- Nonionic surfactants that may be used with particular preference are available, for example under the name Poly Tergent ® SLF-18 from Olin Chemicals.
- Another preferred surfactant can be represented by the formula
- R 1 represents a linear or branched aliphatic hydrocarbon radical having 4 to 18 carbon atoms or mixtures thereof
- R 2 denotes a linear or branched hydrocarbon radical having 2 to 26 carbon atoms or mixtures thereof
- x denotes values between 0.5 and 1
- y represents a value of at least 15.
- Automatic dishwashing detergents which are characterized in that they contain nonionic surfactants of the formula
- R 1 represents a linear or branched aliphatic hydrocarbon radical having 4 to 18 carbon atoms or mixtures thereof
- R 2 denotes a linear or branched hydrocarbon radical having 2 to 26 carbon atoms or mixtures thereof and x for values between 0.5 and 1, 5 and y for a value of at least 15 are therefore preferred.
- nonionic surfactants are the end-capped poly (oxyalkylated) nonionic surfactants of the formula
- R 1 and R 2 represent linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated, aliphatic or aromatic hydrocarbon radicals having 1 to 30 carbon atoms
- R 3 represents H or a methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n- Butyl, 2-butyl or 2-methyl-2-butyl radical
- x stands for values between 1 and 30, k and j stand for values between 1 and 12, preferably between 1 and 5. If the value x> 2, each R 3 in the above formula can be different.
- R 1 and R 2 are preferably linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated, aliphatic or aromatic hydrocarbon radicals having 6 to 22 carbon atoms, radicals having 8 to 18 carbon atoms being particularly preferred.
- H, -CH 3 or -CH 2 CH 3 are particularly preferred for the radical R 3 .
- Particularly preferred values for x are in the range from 1 to 20, in particular from 6 to 15.
- each R 3 in the above formula can be different if x ⁇ 2.
- the value 3 for x has been chosen here by way of example and may well be larger, the range of variation increasing with increasing x values and including, for example, a large number (EO) groups combined with a small number (PO) groups, or vice versa ,
- R 1 , R 2 and R 3 are as defined above and x stands for numbers from 1 to 30, preferably from 1 to 20 and in particular from 6 to 18. Particularly preferred are surfactants in which the radicals R 1 and R 2 have 9 to 14 carbon atoms, R 3 represents H and x assumes values from 6 to 15.
- automatic dishwashing agents are preferred, the end-capped poly (oxyalkylated) nonionic surfactants of the formula
- R 0 [CH 2 CH (R 3 ) 0] x [CH 2 ] k CH (OH) [CH 2 ] j OR 2 contain, in which R 1 and R 2 are linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated, aliphatic or aromatic Hydrocarbon radicals having 1 to 30 carbon atoms, R 3 is H or a methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, 2-butyl or 2-methyl-2-butyl radical, x is Values between 1 and 30, k and j stand for values between 1 and 12, preferably between 1 and 5, with surfactants of the type
- x stands for numbers from 1 to 30, preferably from 1 to 20 and in particular from 6 to 18, are particularly preferred.
- nonionic surfactants are particularly preferably used in the dishwashing detergents according to the invention.
- Particular preference is given here to particulate machine dishwashing detergents which comprise a) 1.0 to 4.0% by weight of nonionic surfactants from the group of the alkoxylated alcohols, b) 4.0 to 24.0% by weight of nonionic surfactants from the group of hydroxyl-containing alkoxylated alcohols (“hydroxy mixed ethers”).
- nonionic surfactants from group a) have already been described in detail above, with C 12 being particularly suitable for machine dishwashing detergents which contain the abovementioned mixtures. 14 fatty alcohols with 5EO and 4PO and C 12 . 18 fatty alcohols with an average of 9 EO have proven to be outstanding. Endgroup-closed nonionic surfactants, in particular C 12, are similarly preferred. 18 -Fatty alcohol-9 EO-butyl ether, can be used.
- Surfactants from group b) show outstanding rinse aid effects and reduce stress corrosion cracking on plastics. Furthermore, they have the advantageous property that their wetting behavior is constant over the entire usual temperature range.
- the surfactants from group b) are particularly preferably alkoxylated alcohols containing hydroxyl groups. All of the hydroxy mixed ethers disclosed there are, without exception, preferably present as surfactant from group b) in the dishwasher detergents preferred according to the invention.
- dishwashing detergents preferred according to the invention vary depending on the desired product and lie preferably within narrow ranges.
- Particularly preferred automatic dishwashing detergents contain a) 1.5 to 3.5% by weight, preferably 1.75 to 3.0% by weight and in particular 2.0 to 2.5% by weight of nonionic surfactants from the group of alkoxylated alcohols, b) 4.5 to 20.0% by weight, preferably 5.0 to 15.0% by weight and in particular 7.0 to 10.0% by weight of nonionic surfactants from the group of the alkoxylated hydroxyl groups Alcohols ("hydroxy mixed ethers").
- end-capped surfactants and nonionic surfactants with butyloxy groups can also preferably be used as nonionic surfactants.
- the first group includes representatives of the formula
- R 1 is a linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated, aliphatic or aromatic hydrocarbon radical having 1 to 30 C atoms
- R 2 is a linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated, aliphatic or aromatic hydrocarbon radical having 1 to 30 C atoms, which is optionally substituted with 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5 hydroxyl groups and optionally with further ether groups
- R 3 for -H or methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, / so-propyl, n-butyl, isobutyl or tert- Butyl stands and x can take values between 1 and 40.
- R 2 can optionally be alkoxylated, the alkoxy group preferably being selected from ethoxy, propoxy, butyloxy groups and mixtures thereof.
- Particularly preferred surfactants can be found in the formulas C 9 . 11 (EO) 8 -C (CH 3 ) 2 CH 2 CH 3 , C 11 . 1S (E0) 1 (P0) 6 -C ⁇ 2 . ⁇ 4 , C 9 -n (EO) 8 (CH 2 ) 4 CH 3 describe.
- R 1 is a linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated, aliphatic or aromatic hydrocarbon radical having 1 to 30, preferably 6 to 20, carbon atoms, a for values between 2 and 30, b for values between 0 and 30 and c represents values between 1 and 30, preferably between 1 and 20.
- the EO and PO groups in the above formula can also be interchanged, so that surfactants of the general formula
- R 1 (PO) b (EO) a (BO) c in which R 1 is a linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated, aliphatic or aromatic hydrocarbon radical having 1 to 30, preferably 6 to 20, carbon atoms, a for values between 2 and 30, b for values between 0 and 30 and c for values between 1 and 30, preferably between 1 and 20, can also be used with preference.
- a particularly preferred surfactant of the formulas C 13 . 15 (EO) 9 . 10 (BO) 1 . 2 is commercially available under the name Plurafac ® LF 221st
- Another particularly preferred surfactant with 10 EO and 2 BO is available under the trade name Genapol ® 25 EB 102.
- a surfactant of the formula C 12 can also be used with preference. 13 (EO) 10 (BO) 2 .
- the nonionic surfactant (s) can be introduced into the agents according to the invention in different ways.
- the surfactants can be sprayed, for example, in the molten state onto the otherwise ready-made agent or added to the agent in the form of compounds or surfactant preparation forms.
- the detergents for machine dishwashing according to the invention can contain all builders usually used in washing and cleaning agents, in particular thus zeolites, silicates, carbonates, organic cobuilders and also the phosphates.
- Suitable crystalline, layered sodium silicates have the general formula NaMSi x 0 2x + 1 H 2 0, where M is sodium or hydrogen, x is a number from 1, 9 to 4 and y is a number from 0 to 20 and preferred values for x 2 , 3 or 4 are.
- Preferred crystalline layered silicates of the formula given are those in which M represents sodium and x assumes the values 2 or 3.
- both ⁇ - and ⁇ -sodium disilicates Na 2 Si 2 0 5 yH 2 0 are preferred.
- the delay in dissolution compared to conventional amorphous sodium silicates can be caused in various ways, for example by surface treatment, compounding, compacting / compaction or by overdrying.
- the term "amorphous" is also understood to mean "X-ray amorphous”.
- silicates in X-ray diffraction experiments do not provide sharp X-ray reflections, as are typical for crystalline substances, but at most one or more maxima of the scattered X-rays, which have a width of several degree units of the diffraction angle.However, it can very well lead to particularly good builder properties if that Silicate particles in electron diffraction experiments provide washed-out or even sharp diffraction maxima. This is to be interpreted as meaning that the products have microcrystalline regions of the size 10 to a few hundred nm, where values up to max. 50 nm and in particular up to max. 20 nm are preferred. Particularly preferred are compacted / compacted amorphous silicates, compounded amorphous silicates and over-dried X-ray amorphous silicates
- the finely crystalline, synthetic and bound water-containing zeolite used is preferably zeolite A and / or P.
- Zeolite MAP® commercial product from Crosfield
- zeolite X and mixtures of A, X and / or P commercial are also suitable available and within the scope of the present invention can preferably be used, for example, also a co-K ⁇ stallisat of zeolite X and zeolite a (ca. 80 wt -% zeolite X) which is marketed by CONDEA Augusta S p a under the brand name VEGOBOND AX ® and through the formula
- Suitable zeolites have an average particle size of less than 10 ⁇ m (volume distribution, Coulter Counter measurement method) and preferably contain 18 to 22% by weight, in particular 20 to 22% by weight, of bound water
- the alkali metal phosphates have particular preference for pentasodium or pentapotassium phosphate (sodium or potassium polyphosphate) ) in the detergent and cleaning agent industry
- Alkahmetallphosphate is the general term for the alkali metal (especially sodium and potassium) salts of the various phosphoric acids, in which one can distinguish between metaphosphoric acids (HP0 3 ) n and orthophosphoric acid H 3 P0 4 in addition to high molecular weight representatives.
- the phosphates unite here several advantages in itself They act as alkali carriers, prevent lime deposits on machine parts or lime incrustations in fabrics and also contribute to cleaning performance.
- Sodium dihydrogen phosphate, NaH 2 P0 4 exists as a dihydrate (density 1, 91 like “3 , melting point 60 °) and as a monohydrate (density 2.04 like “ 3 ). Both salts are white powders, which are very easily soluble in water, lose the water of crystallization when heated and, at 200 ° C, into the weakly acidic diphosphate (disodium hydrogen diphosphate, Na 2 H 2 P 2 0 7 ), at higher temperature in sodium tri-metaphosphate (Na 3 P 3 0 9 ) and Maddrell's salt (see below).
- NaH 2 P0 4 is acidic; it occurs when phosphoric acid is adjusted to a pH of 4.5 with sodium hydroxide solution and the mash is sprayed.
- Potassium dihydrogen phosphate primary or monobasic potassium phosphate, potassium biphosphate, KDP
- KH 2 P0 4 is a white salt with a density of 2.33 "3 , has a melting point of 253 ° [decomposition to form potassium polyphosphate (KP0 3 ) x ] and is light soluble in water.
- Disodium hydrogen phosphate (secondary sodium phosphate), Na 2 HP0, is a colorless, very easily water-soluble crystalline salt. It exists anhydrous and with 2 mol. (Density 2.066 gladly “3 , water loss at 95 °), 7 mol. (Density 1, 68 gladly “ 3 , melting point 48 ° with loss of 5 H 2 0) and 12 mol. Water ( Density 1, 52 like “3 , melting point 35 ° with loss of 5 H 2 0), becomes anhydrous at 100 ° and changes to diphosphate Na 4 P 2 0 7 when heated.
- Disodium hydrogenphosphate is lost by neutralizing phosphoric acid with soda solution Using phenolphthalein as an indicator Dipotassium hydrogen phosphate (secondary or dibasic potassium phosphate), K 2 HP0, is an amorphous, white salt that is easily soluble in water.
- Trisodium phosphate, tertiary sodium phosphate, Na 3 P0 are colorless crystals which, as dodeca- hydrate, have a density of 1.62 "3 and a melting point of 73-76X (decomposition), as deca- hydrate (corresponding to 19-20% P 2 0 5) has a melting point of 100 ° C and in anhydrous form (corresponding to 39-40% P 2 0 5) like to have a density of 2.536 '.
- 3 trisodium phosphate is readily soluble in water with an alkaline reaction and is accurately by evaporating a solution of 1 mol of disodium phosphate and 1 mol of NaOH.
- Tripotassium phosphate (tertiary or triphase potassium phosphate), K 3 P0, is a white, deliquescent, granular powder with a density of 2.56 "3 , has a melting point of 1340 ° and is in water with alkaline Easily soluble reaction. It arises, for example, when heating Thomas slag with coal and potassium sulfate. Despite the higher price, the more soluble, therefore highly effective, potassium phosphates are often preferred over corresponding sodium compounds in the cleaning agent industry.
- Tetrasodium diphosphate (sodium pyrophosphate), Na 4 P 2 0 7 , exists in anhydrous form (density 2.534 like “3 , melting point 988 °, also given 880 °) and as decahydrate (density 1, 815-1, 836 like " 3 , melting point 94 ° with water loss).
- Na 4 P 2 0 7 is formed by heating disodium phosphate to> 200 ° or by reacting phosphoric acid with soda in a stoichiometric ratio and dewatering the solution by spraying. The decahydrate complexes heavy metal salts and hardness formers and therefore reduces the hardness of the water.
- Potassium diphosphate (potassium pyrophosphate), KP 2 0 7 , exists in the form of the trihydrate and is a colorless, hygroscopic powder with a density of 2.33 ′′ 3 , which is soluble in water, the pH value being 1% Solution at 25 ° is 10.4.
- Sodium and potassium phosphates in which one can differentiate cyclic representatives, the sodium or potassium metaphosphates and chain-like types, the sodium or potassium polyphosphates.
- a large number of names are used in particular for the latter: melt or glow phosphates, Graham's salt, Kurrol's and Maddrell's salt. All higher sodium and potassium phosphates are collectively referred to as condensed phosphates.
- pentasodium triphosphate Na 5 P 3 O 10 (sodium tripolyphosphate)
- Approx. 17 g of the salt free from water of crystallization dissolve in 100 g of water at room temperature, approx. 20 g at 60 ° and around 32 g at 100 °; After heating the solution at 100 ° for two hours, hydrolysis produces about 8% orthophosphate and 15% diphosphate.
- pentasodium triphosphate In the production of pentasodium triphosphate, phosphoric acid is reacted with sodium carbonate solution or sodium hydroxide solution in a stoichiometric ratio and the solution is dewatered by spraying. Similar to Graham's salt and sodium diphosphate, pentasodium triphosphate dissolves many insoluble metal compounds (including lime soaps, etc.). Pentapotassium triphosphate, K 5 P 3 O 10 (potassium tripolyphosphate), is commercially available, for example, in the form of a 50% by weight solution (> 23% P 2 0 5 , 25% K 2 0). The potassium polyphosphates are widely used in the detergent and cleaning agent industry. There are also sodium potassium tripolyphosphates which can likewise be used in the context of the present invention. These occur, for example, when hydrolyzing sodium trimetaphosphate with KOH:
- these can be used just like sodium tripolyphosphate, potassium tripolyphosphate or mixtures of these two; Mixtures of sodium tripolyphosphate and sodium potassium tripolyphosphate or mixtures of potassium tripolyphosphate and sodium potassium tripolyphosphate or mixtures of sodium tripolyphosphate and potassium tripolyphosphate and sodium potassium tripolyphosphate can also be used according to the invention.
- Organic cobuilders which can be used in the dishwasher detergents according to the invention are, in particular, polycarboxylates / polycarboxylic acids, polymeric polycarboxylates, aspartic acid, polyacetals, dextrins, other organic cobuilders (see below) and phosphonates. These classes of substances are described below.
- Usable organic builders are, for example, the polycarboxylic acids which can be used in the form of their sodium salts, polycarboxylic acids being understood to mean those carboxylic acids which carry more than one acid function.
- these are citric acid, adipic acid, succinic acid, glutaric acid, malic acid, tartaric acid, maleic acid, fumaric acid, sugar acids, aminocarboxylic acids, nitrilotriacetic acid (NTA), as long as such use is not objectionable for ecological reasons, and mixtures of these.
- Preferred salts are the salts of polycarboxylic acids such as citric acid, adipic acid, succinic acid, glutaric acid, tartaric acid, sugar acids and mixtures of these.
- the acids themselves can also be used.
- the acids typically also have the property of an acidifying component and thus also serve to set a lower and milder pH of detergents or cleaning agents.
- Citric acid, succinic acid, glutaric acid, adipic acid, gluconic acid and any mixtures thereof can be mentioned in particular.
- Polymeric polycarboxylates are also suitable as builders, for example the alkali metal salts of polyacrylic acid or polymethacrylic acid, for example those with a relative molecular weight of 500 to 70,000 g / mol.
- the molecular weights given for polymeric polycarboxylates are weight-average molecular weights M w of the particular acid form, which were determined in principle by means of gel permeation chromatography (GPC), using a UV detector. The measurement was made against an external polyacrylic acid standard, which provides realistic molecular weight values due to its structural relationship to the polymers investigated. This information differs significantly from the molecular weight information, for which polystyrene sulfonic acids are used as standard. The molecular weights measured against polystyrene sulfonic acids are generally significantly higher than the molecular weights given in this document.
- Suitable polymers are, in particular, polyacrylates, which preferably have a molecular weight of 2,000 to 20,000 g / mol. Because of their superior solubility, the short-chain polyacrylates which have molar masses from 2000 to 10000 g / mol, and particularly preferably from 3000 to 5000 g / mol, can in turn be preferred from this group. Also suitable are copolymeric polycarboxylates, in particular those of acrylic acid with methacrylic acid and of acrylic acid or methacrylic acid with maleic acid. Copolymers of acrylic acid with maleic acid which contain 50 to 90% by weight of acrylic acid and 50 to 10% by weight of maleic acid have proven to be particularly suitable. Their relative molecular weight, based on free acids, is generally 2,000 to 70,000 g / mol, preferably 20,000 to 50,000 g / mol and in particular 30,000 to 40,000 g / mol.
- the (co) polymeric polycarboxylates can be used either as a powder or as an aqueous solution.
- the content of (co) polymeric polycarboxylates in the agents is preferably 0.5 to 20% by weight, in particular 3 to 10% by weight.
- biodegradable polymers composed of more than two different monomer units, for example those which contain salts of acrylic acid and maleic acid as well as vinyl alcohol or vinyl alcohol derivatives as monomers or those which contain salts of acrylic acid and 2-alkylallylsulfonic acid and sugar derivatives as monomers ,
- copolymers are those which preferably have acrolein and acrylic acid / acrylic acid salts or acrolein and vinyl acetate as monomers.
- polymeric aminodicarboxylic acids their salts or their precursor substances.
- Polyaspartic acids or their salts and derivatives are particularly preferred which, in addition to cobuilder properties, also have a bleach-stabilizing effect.
- polyacetals which can be obtained by reacting dialdehydes with polyolcarboxylic acids which have 5 to 7 carbon atoms and at least 3 hydroxyl groups.
- Preferred polyacetals are obtained from dialdehydes such as glyoxal, glutaraldehyde, terephthalaldehyde and their mixtures and from polyolcarboxylic acids such as gluconic acid and / or glucoheptonic acid.
- Suitable organic builder substances are dextrins, for example oligomers or polymers of carbohydrates, which can be obtained by partial hydrolysis of starches.
- the hydrolysis can be carried out by customary processes, for example acid-catalyzed or enzyme-catalyzed. They are preferably hydrolysis products with average molar masses in the range from 400 to 500,000 g / mol.
- DE dextrose equivalent
- the oxidized derivatives of such dextrins are their reaction products with oxidizing agents which are capable of oxidizing at least one alcohol function of the saccharide ring to the carboxylic acid function.
- a product oxidized at C 6 of the saccharide ring can be particularly advantageous.
- Ethylenediamine-N, N'-disuccinate (EDDS) is preferably in the form of its sodium or magnesium salts.
- Glycerol disuccinates and glycerol trisuccinates are also preferred in this context. Suitable amounts for use in formulations containing zeolite and / or silicate are 3 to 15% by weight.
- organic cobuilders are, for example, acetylated hydroxycarboxylic acids or their salts, which may also be in lactone form and which contain at least 4 carbon atoms and at least one hydroxyl group and a maximum of two acid groups.
- phosphonates are, in particular, hydroxyalkane or aminoalkane phosphonates.
- hydroxyalkane phosphonates 1-hydroxyethane-1,1-diphosphonate (HEDP) is of particular importance as a cobuilder.
- HEDP 1-hydroxyethane-1,1-diphosphonate
- Preferred aminoalkane phosphonates are ethylenediaminetetramethylenephosphonate (EDTMP), diethylenetriaminepentamethylenephosphonate (DTPMP) and their higher homologs. They are preferably in the form of the neutral sodium salts, e.g. B.
- HEDP is preferably used as the builder from the class of the phosphonates.
- the aminoalkanephosphonates also have a pronounced ability to bind heavy metals. Accordingly, it may be preferred, particularly if the agents also contain bleach, to use aminoalkanephosphonates, in particular DTPMP, or to use mixtures of the phosphonates mentioned.
- bleaching agents are, for example, sodium percarbonate, peroxypyrophosphates, citrate perhydrates and H 2 0 2 -supplying peracidic salts or peracids, such as perbenzoates, peroxophthalates, diperazelaic acid, phthaloiminoperic acid or diperdodecanedioic acid.
- Cleaning agents according to the invention can also contain bleaching agents from the group of organic bleaching agents. Typical organic bleaching agents are the diacyl peroxides, such as dibenzoyl peroxide.
- organic bleaching agents are peroxy acids, examples of which include alkyl peroxy acids and aryl peroxy acids.
- Preferred representatives are (a) the peroxybenzoic acid and its ring-substituted derivatives, such as alkylperoxybenzoic acids, but also peroxy- ⁇ -naphthoic acid and magnesium monoperphthalate, (b) the aliphatic or substituted aliphatic peroxyacids, such as peroxylauric acid, peroxystearic acid, ⁇ -phthalimidanoic acid paprooxyacrylic acid , o-
- N-nonenyl-amidoperadipinklad Carboxybenzamidoperoxycapronsäure and N- nonenylamidopersuccinates
- aliphatic and araliphatic peroxydicarboxylic acids such as 1, 12-diperoxycarboxylic acid, 1, 9-diperoxyazelaic acid, Diperocysebacinklare, Diperoxybrassyl- acid, the diperoxyphthalic acids, 2-decyldiperoxybutane-1, 4 -diacid, N, N-terephthaloyl-di (6-aminopercapronic acid) can be used.
- Chlorine or bromine-releasing substances can also be used as bleaching agents in the cleaning agents according to the invention for machine dishwashing.
- Suitable chlorine or bromine-releasing materials include, for example, heterocyclic N-bromo- and N-chloramides, for example trichloroisocyanuric acid, tribromoisocyanuric acid, dibromoisocyanuric acid and / or dichloroisocyanuric acid (DICA) and / or their salts with cations such as potassium and sodium.
- Hydantoin compounds such as 1,3-dichloro-5,5-dimethylhydanthoin are also suitable.
- the bleaches mentioned can also be introduced in whole or in part via the rinse aid particles according to the invention into the automatic dishwasher detergents according to the invention in order to achieve “post-bleaching” in the rinse cycle.
- bleach activators that support the effect of the bleaching agents have already been mentioned above as a possible ingredient of the rinse aid particles.
- Known bleach activators are compounds which contain one or more N- or O-acyl groups, such as substances from the class of anhydrides, esters, imides and acylated imidazoles or oximes.
- Examples are tetraacetylethylene diamine TAED, tetraacetyl methylene diamine TAMD and tetraacetyl hexylene diamine TAHD, but also pentaacetylglucose PAG, 1, 5-diacetyl-2,2-dioxo-hexahydro-1, 3,5-triazine DADHT and isatoic anhydride ISA.
- Bleach activators which can be used are compounds which, under perhydrolysis conditions, give aliphatic peroxocarboxylic acids having preferably 1 to 10 C atoms, in particular 2 to 4 C atoms, and / or optionally substituted perbenzoic acid. Suitable substances are those which carry O- and / or N-acyl groups of the number of carbon atoms mentioned and / or optionally substituted benzoyl groups.
- bleach catalysts can also be incorporated into the rinse aid particles.
- These substances are bleach-enhancing transition metal salts or transition metal complexes such as, for example, Mn, Fe, Co, Ru or Mo salt complexes or carbonyl complexes.
- Mn, Fe, Co, Ru, Mo, Ti, V and Cu complexes with N-containing tripod ligands as well as Co, Fe, Cu and Ru amine complexes can also be used as bleaching catalysts.
- Bleach activators from the group of polyacylated alkylenediamines in particular tetraacetylethylenediamine (TAED), N-acylimides, in particular N-nonanoylsuccinimide (NOSI), acylated phenolsulfonates, in particular n-nonanoyl- or isononanoyioxybenzenesulfonate (n-) or iso-N-NOB are preferred -Methyl-morpholinium-acetonitrile-methyl sulfate (MMA), preferably in amounts of up to 10% by weight, in particular 0.1% by weight to 8% by weight, particularly 2 to 8% by weight and particularly preferably 2 to 6 wt .-% based on the total agent used.
- TAED tetraacetylethylenediamine
- N-acylimides in particular N-nonanoylsuccinimide (NOSI)
- acylated phenolsulfonates in
- Bleach-enhancing transition metal complexes in particular with the central atoms Mn, Fe, Co, Cu, Mo, V, Ti and / or Ru, preferably selected from the group consisting of manganese and / or cobalt salts and / or complexes, particularly preferably cobalt (ammin ) Complexes, the cobalt (acetate) complexes, the cobalt (carbonyl) complexes, the chlorides of cobalt or manganese, of the manganese sulfate are used in customary amounts, preferably in an amount of up to 5% by weight, in particular from 0.0025% by weight to 1% by weight and particularly preferably from 0.01% by weight to 0.25% by weight .-%, each based on the total agent used. But in special cases, more bleach activator can be used.
- Suitable enzymes in the cleaning agents according to the invention are, in particular, those from the classes of hydrolases such as proteases, esterases, lipases or lipolytically active enzymes, amylases, glycosyl hydrolases and mixtures of the enzymes mentioned. All of these hydrolases contribute to the removal of stains such as stains containing protein, fat or starch. Oxidoreductases can also be used for bleaching. Particularly suitable are bacterial strains or fungi such as Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus licheniformis, Streptomyceus griseus, Coprinus Cinereus and Humicola insolens as well as enzymatic active ingredients obtained from their genetically modified variants.
- hydrolases such as proteases, esterases, lipases or lipolytically active enzymes, amylases, glycosyl hydrolases and mixtures of the enzymes mentioned. All of these hydrolases contribute to the removal of stains such as stains containing protein, fat or starch
- protease and amylase or protease and lipase or lipolytic enzymes for example of protease, amylase and lipase or lipolytic enzymes or protease, lipase or lipolytic enzymes, but especially protease and / or lipase-containing mixtures or mixtures with lipolytically active enzymes of particular interest.
- Known cutinases are examples of such lipolytically active enzymes.
- Peroxidases or oxidases have also proven to be suitable in some cases.
- Suitable amylases include, in particular, alpha-amylases, isoamylases, pullulanases and pectinases.
- the enzymes can be adsorbed on carriers or embedded in coating substances to protect them against premature decomposition.
- the proportion of the enzymes, enzyme mixtures or enzyme granules can be, for example, about 0.1 to 5% by weight, preferably 0.5 to about 4.5% by weight.
- Dyes and fragrances can be added to the automatic dishwashing agents according to the invention in order to improve the aesthetic impression of the resulting products and, in addition to the performance, to provide the consumer with a visually and sensorially "typical and unmistakable" product.
- Individual fragrance compounds for example the synthetic products of the ester, ether, aldehyde, ketone, alcohol and hydrocarbon type, can be used as perfume oils or fragrances.
- Fragrance compounds of the ester type are, for example, benzyl acetate, phenoxyethyl isobutyrate, p-tert-butylcyclohexyl acetate, linalyl acetate, dimethylbenzylcarbinylacetate, phenylethyl acetate, linalylbenzoate, benzyl formate, ethylmethylphenylglycineate, allylcyclohexyl benzylatepylpionate, allylcyclohexyl propyl pionate.
- the ethers include, for example, benzyl ethyl ether, the aldehydes, for example, the linear alkanals with 8-18 C atoms, Citral, citronellal, citronellyloxyacetaldehyde, cyclamenaldehyde, hydroxycitronellal, lilial and bourgeonal, the ketones, for example the jonones, ⁇ -isomethylionone and methylcedryl ketone, the alcohols anethole, citronellol, eugenol, geraniol, linalool, phenylol alcohol, the hydrocarbons and the terpins Terpenes like limes and pinene.
- the aldehydes for example, the linear alkanals with 8-18 C atoms, Citral, citronellal, citronellyloxyacetaldehyde, cyclamenaldehyde, hydroxycitronellal, lilia
- Perfume oils of this type can also contain natural fragrance mixtures such as are obtainable from plant sources, for example pine, citrus, jasmine, patchouly, rose or ylang-ylang oil. Also suitable are muscatel, sage oil, chamomile oil, clove oil, lemon balm oil, mint oil, cinnamon leaf oil, linden blossom oil, juniper berry oil, vetiver oil, olibanum oil, gallan oil and labdanum oil as well as orange blossom oil, neroliol, orange peel oil and sandalwood oil.
- the fragrances can be incorporated directly into the cleaning agents according to the invention, but it can also be advantageous to apply the fragrances to carriers which increase the adhesion of the perfume to the laundry and ensure a long-lasting fragrance of the textiles due to a slower fragrance release.
- Cyclodextrins for example, have proven useful as such carrier materials, and the cyclodextrin-perfume complexes can additionally be coated with further auxiliaries. Incorporation of the fragrances into the rinse aid particles according to the invention is also possible and leads to a scent impression when the machine is opened (see above).
- the agents produced according to the invention can be colored with suitable dyes.
- Preferred dyes the selection of which is not difficult for the person skilled in the art, have a high storage stability and insensitivity to the other ingredients of the compositions and to light, and no pronounced substantivity to the substrates to be treated with the compositions, such as glass, ceramics or plastic dishes, so as not to stain them.
- the cleaning agents according to the invention can contain corrosion inhibitors to protect the items to be washed or the machine, silver protection agents in particular being of particular importance in the field of automatic dishwashing.
- the known substances of the prior art can be used.
- silver protection agents selected from the group of the triazoles, the benzotriazoles, the bisbenzotriazoles, the aminotriazoles, the alkylaminotriazoles and the transition metal salts or complexes can be used in particular.
- Benzotriazole and / or alkylaminotriazole are particularly preferably to be used.
- active chlorine-containing agents are often found in cleaner formulations, which can significantly reduce the corroding of the silver surface.
- oxygen- and nitrogen-containing organic redox-active compounds such as di- and trihydric phenols, e.g. B. hydroquinone, pyrocatechol, hydroxyhydroquinone, gallic acid, phloroglucin, pyrogallol or derivatives of these classes of compounds.
- organic redox-active compounds such as di- and trihydric phenols, e.g. B. hydroquinone, pyrocatechol, hydroxyhydroquinone, gallic acid, phloroglucin, pyrogallol or derivatives of these classes of compounds.
- salt-like and complex-like inorganic compounds such as salts of the metals Mn, Ti, Zr, Hf, V, Co and Ce are often used.
- transition metal salts which are selected from the group consisting of manganese and / or cobalt salts and / or complexes, particularly preferably the cobalt (ammine) complexes, the cobalt (acetate) complexes, the cobalt (carbonyl) complexes , the chlorides of cobalt or manganese and manganese sulfate.
- Zinc compounds can also be used to prevent corrosion on the wash ware.
- the agents according to the invention can be packaged immediately after they are produced and sold as particulate cleaners. However, it is also possible to compress the detergent tablets or individual phases thereof in order to be able to make the compact offer available to the consumer.
- Automatic dishwashing detergents which are characterized in that they are in the form of a tablet, preferably in the form of a multi-phase tablet, in which the content of the copolymer-containing copolymer in the individual phases is different, are further preferred embodiments of the present invention.
- Multi-phase tablets are particularly preferred here, the multi-layer tablets being of particular importance because of their relatively simple manufacture.
- the individual phases of such a shaped body can have different spatial shapes within the scope of the present invention.
- the simplest possible implementation is in two- or multi-layer tablets, with each layer of the shaped body representing a phase.
- ring-core tablets coated tablets or combinations of the above-mentioned embodiments are possible, for example.
- the shaped bodies according to the invention can assume any geometric shape, in particular concave, convex, biconcave, biconvex, cubic, tetragonal, orthorhombic, cylindrical, spherical, segment-like, disk-shaped, tetrahedral, dodecahedral, octahedral, conical, pyramidal, ellipsoidal, five-, seven- and octagonal-prismatic and rhombohedral shapes are preferred. Completely irregular base areas such as arrow or animal shapes, trees, clouds, etc. can also be realized. If the shaped bodies according to the invention have corners and edges, they are preferably rounded. As an additional optical differentiation, an embodiment with rounded corners and beveled (“chamfered”) edges is preferred.
- moldings which contain the copolymers containing sulfonic acid groups. It has proven useful here to produce base moldings which have one or more cavities and the copolymers containing sulfonic acid groups either already in the base tablet or in a “filling” of the cavity to be introduced later bring. This production method results in preferred multiphase detergent tablets which consist of a base tablet which has a cavity and a part which is at least partially contained in the cavity.
- the cavity in the pressed part of such shaped bodies according to the invention can have any shape. It can cut through the molded part, i.e. have an opening on different sides, for example on the top and bottom of the molded body, but it can also be a cavity that does not extend through the entire molded body, the opening of which is only visible on one side of the molded body.
- the shape of the cavity can also be freely selected within wide limits. For reasons of process economy, through holes, the openings of which lie on opposing surfaces of the shaped bodies, and troughs with an opening on one side of the shaped body have proven successful.
- the cavity has the shape of a through hole, the openings of which are located on two opposing tablet surfaces.
- the shape of such a through hole can be chosen freely, preference being given to moldings in which the through hole has circular, elliptical, triangular, rectangular, square, pentagonal, hexagonal, heptagonal or octagonal horizontal sections.
- Completely irregular hole shapes such as arrow or animal shapes, trees, clouds, etc. can also be realized.
- shaped bodies in the case of angular holes, those with rounded corners and edges or with rounded corners and chamfered edges are preferred.
- Shaped bodies with a rectangular or square base and circular holes can be produced as well as round shaped bodies with octagonal holes, whereby there are no limits to the variety of possible combinations.
- molded articles with a hole are particularly preferred in which the molded article base area and the hole cross section have the same geometric shape, for example molded articles with a square base area and a centrally incorporated square hole.
- the moldings according to the invention can also assume any geometric shape in this embodiment, in particular concave, convex, biconcave, biconvex, cubic, tetragonal, orthorhombic, cylindrical, spherical, cylinder segment-like, disk-shaped, tetrahedral, dodecahedral, octahedral, conical , pyramidal, ellipsoidal, five-, seven- and octagonal-prismatic and rhombohedral shapes are preferred.
- molded body has corners and edges, these are preferably rounded. As an additional optical differentiation, an embodiment with rounded corners and beveled (“chamfered”) edges is preferred.
- the shape of the trough can also be chosen freely, preference being given to moldings in which at least one trough has a concave, convex, cubic, tetragonal, orthorhombic, cylindrical, spherical, segment-like, disc-shaped, tetrahedral, dodecahedral, octahedral, conical, pyramidal, ellipsoidal , five-, seven- and octagonal-prismatic and rhombohedral shape can take.
- Completely irregular trough shapes such as arrow or animal shapes, trees, clouds, etc. can also be realized.
- troughs with rounded corners and edges or with rounded corners and chamfered edges are preferred.
- the size of the trough or the through hole in comparison to the entire molded article depends on the intended use of the molded article.
- the size of the cavity can vary depending on how much more active substance the remaining cavity volume is to be filled with.
- the base molding has a high specific weight, for example above 1000 kgdm “3 , preferably above 1025 kgdm “ 3 , particularly preferably above 1050 kgdm '3 and in particular above 1100 kgdm “3 .
- disintegration aids so-called tablet disintegrants
- tablet disintegrants or accelerators of decay are understood as auxiliary substances which are necessary for rapid disintegration of tablets in water or gastric juice and ensure the release of the pharmaceuticals in absorbable form.
- Disintegrants based on cellulose are used as preferred disintegrants in the context of the present invention, so that preferred detergent tablets such a disintegrant based on cellulose in amounts of 0.5 to 10% by weight, preferably 3 to 7% by weight and in particular 4 to 6% by weight .-% contain.
- the agents according to the invention can also contain a gas-developing shower system.
- the gas-developing shower system can consist of a single substance that releases a gas when it comes into contact with water.
- magnesium peroxide should be mentioned in particular, which releases oxygen on contact with water.
- the gas-releasing bubble system in turn consists of at least two components that react with one another to form gas. While a large number of systems are conceivable and executable here, which release nitrogen, oxygen or hydrogen, for example, the bubble system used in the detergent tablets according to the invention can be selected on the basis of both economic and ecological aspects.
- Preferred effervescent systems consist of alkali metal carbonate and / or hydrogen carbonate and an acidifying agent which is suitable for releasing carbon dioxide from the alkali metal salts in aqueous solution.
- the alkali metal carbonates or bicarbonates the sodium and potassium salts are clearly preferred over the other salts for reasons of cost.
- the pure alkali metal carbonates or bicarbonates in question do not have to be used; rather, mixtures of different carbonates and bicarbonates may be preferred for reasons of washing technology.
- Preferred detergent tablets are 2 to 20% by weight, preferably 3 to 15% by weight and in particular 5 to 10% by weight of an alkali metal carbonate or bicarbonate and 1 to 15, preferably 2 to 12 and in particular 3 to 10, as the effervescent system %
- an acidifying agent based in each case on the entire molded article, is used.
- Acidifying agents which release carbon dioxide from the alkali salts in aqueous solution are, for example, boric acid and alkali metal bisulfates, alkali metal dihydrogen phosphates and other inorganic salts.
- organic acidifying agents are preferably used, citric acid being a particularly preferred acidifying agent.
- the other solid mono-, oligo- and polycarboxylic acids can also be used in particular. Tartaric acid, succinic acid, malonic acid, adipic acid, maleic acid, fumaric acid, oxalic acid and polyacrylic acid are preferred from this group.
- Organic sulfonic acids such as amidosulfonic acid can also be used.
- Sokalan ® DCS commercially available and is also preferably used as an acidifying agent in the context of the present invention Sokalan ® DCS (trademark of BASF), a mixture of succinic acid (max. 31% by weight), glutaric acid (max. 50% by weight) and adipic acid (max. 33% by weight).
- shaped detergent bodies in which a substance from the group of the organic di-, tri- and oligocarboxylic acids or mixtures thereof are used as the acidifying agent in the effervescent system.
- a further preferred embodiment of the present invention relates to a method for producing automatic dishwashing detergents, in which a solid polymer preparation form of a copolymer is made
- Monomers mixed with other raw materials and / or compounds to machine dishwashing detergent Monomers mixed with other raw materials and / or compounds to machine dishwashing detergent.
- tablets in particular are a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
- Another object therefore relates to a process for the preparation of detergent tablets for automatic dishwashing, in which a solid polymer preparation form of a copolymer of i) unsaturated carboxylic acids ii) sulfonic acid group-containing monomers iii) optionally further ionic or nonionogenic
- Monomers are mixed with further raw materials and / or compounds and the mixture is then compressed into tablets or phases thereof.
- processes according to the invention are preferred in which the mixture of raw materials and / or compounds and solid copolymer preparation form, based on the mixture, 0.1 to 70% by weight, preferably 0, Contains 25 to 50 wt .-%, particularly preferably 0.5 to 35 wt .-%, very particularly preferably 0.75 to 20 wt .-% and in particular 1 to 15 wt .-% of sulfonic acid group-containing copolymers.
- the solid copolymer preparation form can consist of pure copolymer containing sulfonic acid groups.
- the solid copolymer preparation form which, in addition to the copolymer containing sulfonic acid groups, contains other ingredients, for example carriers.
- Processes according to the invention are preferred here in which the solid copolymer preparation form contains the sulfonic acid group-containing copolymer (s) in amounts of more than 50% by weight, preferably more than 60% by weight, particularly preferably of contains more than 75 wt .-% and in particular more than 80 wt .-%, each based on the solid copolymer preparation form.
- solid copolymer preparation forms can in particular be carrier materials which preferably come from the group of the builders described above. Even when using a solid copolymer preparation which does not consist exclusively of polymers containing sulfonic acid groups (and water), preference is given to those preparation forms which meet certain criteria with regard to particle size, water content and bulk density. For more details, reference can be made here to the description of the agents according to the invention.
- methods according to the invention are also preferred in which at least 50% by weight, preferably at least 60% by weight, particularly preferably at least 75% by weight and in particular at least 90% by weight of the particles of the solid copolymer preparation form have particle sizes above 200 ⁇ m, wherein particularly preferred methods are characterized in that a maximum of 20 wt .-%, preferably a maximum of 15 wt .-% and in particular a maximum of 10 wt .-% of the particles contained in the solid copolymer preparation particle sizes below 200 microns or above 1200 ⁇ m.
- the water content of the particles of the solid copolymer preparation form is 3 to 12% by weight, preferably 4 to 11% by weight and in particular 5 to 10% by weight, in each case based on the copolymer -Particle.
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Detergent Compositions (AREA)
- Table Devices Or Equipment (AREA)
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE10109799A DE10109799A1 (de) | 2001-03-01 | 2001-03-01 | 3in1-Geschirrspülmittel und Verfahren zur Herstellung derselben |
| DE10109799 | 2001-03-01 | ||
| PCT/EP2002/001757 WO2002070640A1 (de) | 2001-03-01 | 2002-02-20 | '3in1' geschirrspülmittel und verfahren zur herstellung derselben' |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP1363986A1 true EP1363986A1 (de) | 2003-11-26 |
| EP1363986B1 EP1363986B1 (de) | 2005-12-14 |
Family
ID=7675893
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP02706745A Revoked EP1363986B1 (de) | 2001-03-01 | 2002-02-20 | "3 in 1" GESCHIRRSPÜLMITTEL UND VERFAHREN ZUR HERSTELLUNG DERSELBEN |
Country Status (6)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US6903058B2 (de) |
| EP (1) | EP1363986B1 (de) |
| AT (1) | ATE312900T1 (de) |
| DE (2) | DE10109799A1 (de) |
| ES (1) | ES2254651T3 (de) |
| WO (1) | WO2002070640A1 (de) |
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP2196531A1 (de) | 2008-12-05 | 2010-06-16 | Dalli-Werke GmbH & Co. KG | Polymer beschichtete Reinigungsmitteltablette |
| EP2392638A1 (de) | 2010-06-04 | 2011-12-07 | Dalli-Werke GmbH & Co. KG | Partikelzusammensetzung mit geringer Hygroskopie und mit einem oder mehr aminopolycarboxylat-chelatbildenden Verbindungen |
| EP2392639A1 (de) | 2010-06-04 | 2011-12-07 | Dalli-Werke GmbH & Co. KG | Mischung aus einem Tensid mit einer Festverbindung zur Verbesserung der Spülleistung von automatischen Geschirrspülmitteln |
| EP3075832A1 (de) | 2015-03-30 | 2016-10-05 | Dalli-Werke GmbH & Co. KG | Mangan-aminosäure-verbindungen in reinigungszusammensetzungen |
Families Citing this family (20)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US7034402B1 (en) * | 2000-06-28 | 2006-04-25 | Intel Corporation | Device with segmented ball limiting metallurgy |
| DE10258870B4 (de) * | 2002-12-17 | 2005-04-07 | Henkel Kgaa | Grossvolumige Reinigungsmittelformkörper |
| US20050202996A1 (en) * | 2004-03-15 | 2005-09-15 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Surface-treating compositions containing sulfonated/carboxylated polymers |
| US20050202995A1 (en) * | 2004-03-15 | 2005-09-15 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Methods of treating surfaces using surface-treating compositions containing sulfonated/carboxylated polymers |
| DE102004048591A1 (de) * | 2004-04-27 | 2005-11-24 | Henkel Kgaa | Reinigungsmittel mit Klarspültensid und einer speziellen α-Amylase |
| DE102004048590A1 (de) * | 2004-04-27 | 2005-11-24 | Henkel Kgaa | Reinigungsmittel mit Klarspül-Sulfopolymer und einer speziellen α-Amylase |
| DE102004025816A1 (de) * | 2004-05-24 | 2005-12-22 | Budich International Gmbh | Maschinenreiniger, insbesondere für 3in1-Geschirrspülmaschinen |
| US20070015674A1 (en) | 2005-06-30 | 2007-01-18 | Xinbei Song | Low phosphate automatic dishwashing detergent composition |
| DE102005041347A1 (de) * | 2005-08-31 | 2007-03-01 | Basf Ag | Reinigungsformulierungen für die maschinelle Geschirrreinigung enthaltend hydrophil modifizierte Polycarboxylate |
| DE102005041349A1 (de) * | 2005-08-31 | 2007-03-01 | Basf Ag | Reinigungsformulierungen für die maschinelle Geschirrreinigung enthaltend hydrophil modifizierte Polycarboxylate |
| US20070059402A1 (en) * | 2005-09-13 | 2007-03-15 | Cryovac, Inc. | Carbon monoxide modified atmosphere packaging having a time temperature indicator |
| GB0522658D0 (en) | 2005-11-07 | 2005-12-14 | Reckitt Benckiser Nv | Composition |
| GB0625586D0 (en) * | 2006-12-21 | 2007-01-31 | Reckitt Benckiser Nv | Composition |
| DE102007006629A1 (de) * | 2007-02-06 | 2008-08-07 | Henkel Ag & Co. Kgaa | Reinigungsmittel |
| DE102007006628A1 (de) * | 2007-02-06 | 2008-08-07 | Henkel Ag & Co. Kgaa | Reinigungsmittel |
| EP2484747A1 (de) * | 2007-08-16 | 2012-08-08 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Verfahren zur Hertellung einer Waschmittelzusammensetzung |
| ES2385748T3 (es) * | 2007-08-16 | 2012-07-31 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Procedimiento para producir una composición detergente |
| WO2009060966A1 (en) * | 2007-11-09 | 2009-05-14 | Nippon Shokubai Co., Ltd. | Cleaning compositions with monocarboxylic acid monomers, dicarboxylic monomers, and monomers comprising sulfonic acid groups |
| EP2260070B1 (de) * | 2008-03-31 | 2015-07-22 | Nippon Shokubai Co., Ltd. | Sulfongruppenhaltige, maleinsäurebasierte, wässrige lösung mit wasserlöslichem copolymer und durch trocknen der wässrigen lösung erhaltenes pulver |
| GB201019988D0 (en) * | 2010-11-25 | 2011-01-05 | Reckitt Benckiser Nv | Composition |
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| DE3711296A1 (de) * | 1987-04-03 | 1988-10-13 | Basf Ag | Verwendung von alkoxylierten, carboxylgruppen enthaltenden polymerisaten in waschmitteln |
| DE3743739A1 (de) * | 1987-12-23 | 1989-07-06 | Basf Ag | Wasserloesliche polymerisate enthaltende geschirrspuelmittel |
| DE4008696A1 (de) * | 1990-03-17 | 1991-09-19 | Basf Ag | Verfahren zur herstellung von homo- und copolymerisaten monoethylenisch ungesaettigter dicarbonsaeuren und ihre verwendung |
| DE19516957C2 (de) * | 1995-05-12 | 2000-07-13 | Stockhausen Chem Fab Gmbh | Wasserlösliche Copolymere und Verfahren zu ihrer Herstellung und ihre Verwendung |
| US6210600B1 (en) * | 1996-12-23 | 2001-04-03 | Lever Brothers Company, Division Of Conopco, Inc. | Rinse aid compositions containing scale inhibiting polymers |
| US5958855A (en) * | 1998-03-20 | 1999-09-28 | Colgate Palmolive Company | Powdered automatic dishwashing tablets |
| DE19934704A1 (de) * | 1999-07-23 | 2001-01-25 | Henkel Kgaa | Wasch- und Reinigungsmittelformkörper mit Dispersionsmitteln |
| DE10032612A1 (de) | 2000-07-07 | 2002-02-14 | Henkel Kgaa | Klarspülmittel II |
-
2001
- 2001-03-01 DE DE10109799A patent/DE10109799A1/de not_active Ceased
-
2002
- 2002-02-20 WO PCT/EP2002/001757 patent/WO2002070640A1/de not_active Ceased
- 2002-02-20 EP EP02706745A patent/EP1363986B1/de not_active Revoked
- 2002-02-20 ES ES02706745T patent/ES2254651T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2002-02-20 AT AT02706745T patent/ATE312900T1/de active
- 2002-02-20 DE DE50205275T patent/DE50205275D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
2003
- 2003-08-29 US US10/652,448 patent/US6903058B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| See references of WO02070640A1 * |
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP2196531A1 (de) | 2008-12-05 | 2010-06-16 | Dalli-Werke GmbH & Co. KG | Polymer beschichtete Reinigungsmitteltablette |
| EP2392638A1 (de) | 2010-06-04 | 2011-12-07 | Dalli-Werke GmbH & Co. KG | Partikelzusammensetzung mit geringer Hygroskopie und mit einem oder mehr aminopolycarboxylat-chelatbildenden Verbindungen |
| EP2392639A1 (de) | 2010-06-04 | 2011-12-07 | Dalli-Werke GmbH & Co. KG | Mischung aus einem Tensid mit einer Festverbindung zur Verbesserung der Spülleistung von automatischen Geschirrspülmitteln |
| EP3075832A1 (de) | 2015-03-30 | 2016-10-05 | Dalli-Werke GmbH & Co. KG | Mangan-aminosäure-verbindungen in reinigungszusammensetzungen |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP1363986B1 (de) | 2005-12-14 |
| US20040116319A1 (en) | 2004-06-17 |
| DE50205275D1 (de) | 2006-01-19 |
| DE10109799A1 (de) | 2002-09-05 |
| ES2254651T3 (es) | 2006-06-16 |
| US6903058B2 (en) | 2005-06-07 |
| WO2002070640A1 (de) | 2002-09-12 |
| ATE312900T1 (de) | 2005-12-15 |
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