EP1347115A2 - Method for creating low-height drained pavements for balconies and terraces and such a pavement assembly - Google Patents

Abstract

Production of drained slabs (24) made from concrete, natural stone and ceramic slabs comprises applying a sealing layer (14) on the upper side of the bare brickwork (10) of a balcony or terrace having a floor layer (12), laying a drainage layer provided with a filter mat (18) on the sealing layer, applying adhesive having no hygroscopic properties on the filter mat in the corner points of the slabs to be laid, placing the corner regions of the slabs to be laid at a distance from each other, and adhering together after binding or hardening. Independent claims are also included for the following: (1) Arrangement of slabs on the bare brickwork of a balcony or terrace; and (2) Stencil for applying adhesive for carrying out the process.

Description

The invention relates to a method for creating drained slab coverings, in particular from concrete stone slabs, Natural stone slabs and large ceramic slabs etc. with low installation height on balcony or Terrace areas and a surface drainage arrangement of slabs on the shell of balconies or patios.

When renovating balcony and terrace areas are in As a rule, there are insufficient construction heights. That is why there are relatively rarely cast stone or Natural stone slabs in question when laid loose at least 30 to 50 mm split or gravel layers as underlay require. The covering thicknesses are then in the range of 60 to 100 mm, but these are rarely available. Even if the construction height of the balcony or terrace slabs sufficient for such covering thicknesses Problems in the area of door openings in the adjacent Building wall, because then the prescribed in the door area Connection height of 15 cm or when arranging surface water laxative drainage grates of 5 cm constructively can no longer be complied with. There is therefore an urgent one Need, the construction height of tile coverings on balconies and keep terraces as low as possible in order to Balconies and terraces exposed to the weather with slabs to be able to refurbish professionally and in a permissible manner.

The invention has for its object to provide a method which is the creation of draining slab floors low installation height on balconies and terraces.

Based on a method of the type mentioned at the beginning This object is achieved according to the invention in that that on top of the previously necessary if necessary one that ensures the drainage tendency for rainwater Screed layer of the balcony's bare brick or the terrace has a waterproof sealing layer thin thickness that is applied to the sealing layer one on top with a filter mat provided capillary-breaking drainage layer of low height is placed on the filter mat of the drainage layer each in the corner points of the slabs to be laid according to the progress of the installation, depending on the area spaced areas with an application of a thin curing or setting and after curing or showing no hygroscopic properties to the setting Glue are applied to each of which Corner areas of the slabs to be laid with a specified Joint spacing placed and after setting or curing be supported firmly adhered. Here it will possible to create such tile coverings, which including the one to be provided, over the joints of the panels penetrating drainage water draining through use to create thinner drainage mats, with construction heights of 30 mm when using ceramic plates and otherwise 40 mm are possible. The one in the corner areas used to support and fix the plates Glue application is relatively low, namely in the On the order of 1 to 10 mm. A certain - if even less - compensation of height tolerances is included through the appropriate choice of the layer height of the adhesive application still possible. The adhesive application should be in cured or set state if possible none Absorb water, i.e. don't be hygroscopic so that also no rainwater penetrating through the panel joints over the adhesive application to the underside of the plates and from there can pass into the porous plates.

To set the smallest possible gap between Joint crosses can be used for the boards to be installed narrow width of the gap that adjusts the gap between them Arms are used which are on or in the still not set or hardened adhesive application become.

In the case of large-format and / or panels of small thickness, additional in the middle plate areas of the individual Areas assigned to plates of the filter mat areas apply an adhesive, which then after setting or hardening loads acting on the respective plate also over the middle plate area on the drainage mat erodes.

To prevent when laying the panels by whose weight still affects the adhesive application unbound adhesive in the space between the bottom of the plates and the filter mats pushed away is provided in an advantageous development of the invention, that before applying the setting or curing Adhesive in the area of the corner points of the to be put on Plates in the application area are one ring smaller Height on the top of the filter mats of the drainage mats is placed in which the not yet bound or cured adhesive is introduced, the to be installed Then plates with the respective areas of their bottom on the adhesive application enclosed by the ring put on and pressed on.

If the corner areas of each adjacent panel put on a joint glue application and after the The adhesive sets or hardens to the substrate are held firmly and are connected together the panels of the entire panel covering through the hardened Sticky dots to one regarding thermally related Uniform changes in length and cross dimensions Covering summarized. This can result in thermal Changes in the dimensions of stresses in the plate coverings come that - under unfavorable conditions - even can lead to breakage or tearing of the panels. In practice are therefore in sections from two to five Meters of expansion joints required. If such movement joints - e.g. for design reasons - should be avoided the method in a further development according to the invention be carried out in such a way that the area-specific order assigned to the corner areas of adjacent panels Glue is done in such a way that the glue is applied in each case one under the joints of the neighboring panels Area is recessed, leaving the hardened adhesive areas no tension on the adhesive areas of neighboring areas Plates are transferable.

For setting the gap between adjacent ones Plates can be used instead of or in addition to those mentioned above Joint crosses also insert joint rods into the panel joints that are profiled and shaped so that they allow surface water to pass through the joints, but with suitable profiling the penetration of coarse dirt particles in the substructure can be prevented.

With the method according to the invention, surface draining Arrangements of slabs, in particular also concrete stone slabs, Natural stone and ceramic slabs less Thickness etc. on the bare wall of balconies or patios can be created that are identified by an on the The top of the shell board is fully applied, waterproof Sealing layer, one on the sealing layer intended full-area low layer of a water-permeable Drainage material with an upper filter mat cover, and through in the area of their corner points a thin hardened or set adhesive supported and held, with a small joint spacing laid panels.

At least to the larger the surface water To remove part over the surface of the slab surface, see above that the drainage capacity of the water permeable used Sufficient drainage material is recommended in any case between the raw building board and the waterproof one Sealing layer in a manner known per se Screed layer with for the removal of rainwater too an edge of the balcony or terrace sloping surface to be provided at least if the surface of the shell board of the balcony or terrace no such inclination having.

The sealing layer is expediently made from one layer a set or solidified sealing slurry. Alternatively, it can be from one on top of the Bare sheet or sealing film applied to the screed layer be formed.

The capillary-breaking applied to the sealing layer Drainage material is useful from in the direction of drainage running drainage mats, - Formed sheets or panels, on the top of which the water-permeable Filter mat is provided.

The one provided in the corner area of the slabs to be supported Glue application is preferably by one in including the ring placed on these corner points, which the lateral drainage of the not yet set Glue through the one exerted when placing the plates Prevents pressure, the rings then at the same time as distance adjusting rings between the plates and the Serve drainage mat.

It can be useful if the glue application enclosing rings in the mounting direction of the plates specified size can be compressed elastically or permanently are trained. Slight height tolerances between neighboring ones Panels can then be subjected to different loads of the plates balanced during the setting process become.

Instead of such rings, the contact surface formed by the adhesive can between the drainage mat and the plates of the Coverings also by means of square, rectangular or circular limited stencils.

To prevent cracking due to thermal expansion in the panel covering To prevent it is useful if the glue application in the corner areas of neighboring slabs below the joints are cut out, so there is no tension transmission between the plates over the areas of the Glue application is possible.

For applying the adhesive in the corner areas of the Plates a template is expediently used, which one in the area of the adhesive application on the surface has attachable flat application plate, the with separated from each other by remaining web surfaces Openings for the passage from the top the adhesive plate to be applied is provided. When applying the adhesive, it can then be placed on the top of the application plate applied glue only through the openings step through to the underground, while through the web surfaces covered underground areas against the order are shielded by adhesive. This ensures that only in the area of breakthroughs and there are spaced adhesive application areas, which each the corner area of a plate of the slab assigned.

The web surfaces of the template that delimit the openings conveniently have a slightly larger width than that predetermined joint width between then on the applied Adhesive neighboring plates to be put on. Thereby it is ensured that even when putting on and pressing of the slabs of the slab covering the displaced Glue the space between adjacent glue area not bridged and therefore - after the Hardening - tension transfer possible again.

The application plate is used to facilitate its handling expediently with one over the upper flat side of the plate provided handle.

The application plate is expediently made of a smooth surface Plastic sheet material made whose surfaces no or only little adhesive connection properties in Have reference to the plate adhesive used. Thereby ensures that after use on the template curing residues of the adhesive can be easily removed.

Fig. 1

eine perspektivische Ansicht eines Teilbereichs eines in der erfindungsgemäßen Weise mit einem Plattenbelag versehenen Balkons im Bereich eines Türdurchbruchs in der anschließenden Gebäudewandung;

Fig. 2

eine Schnittansicht durch die Belaganordnung, gesehen in Richtung der Pfeile 2-2 in Fig. 1;

Fig. 3

den in Fig. 2 innerhalb des strichpunktierten Kreises 3 gelegenen Bereich der Belaganordnung in vergrößertem Maßstab;

Fig. 4

eine der Darstellung der Belaganordnung gemäß Fig. 3 entsprechende Ansicht, in welcher die Verwendung eines Fugenkreuzes in den Eckpunkten zwischen benachbarten Platten und die Festlegung der Platten durch jeweils gesonderte Kleberbereiche veranschaulicht ist;

Fig. 5

eine Ansicht gesehen in Richtung der Pfeile 5-5 in Fig. 4, in welcher die Platten des aufzubringenden Plattenbelags nur strichpunktiert angedeutet sind;

Fig. 6

eine Draufsicht auf eine zum Auftragen des Klebers in den Eckbereichen von vier zusammentreffenden Platten eines Plattenbelags vorgesehene Schablone; und

Fig. 7

eine Schnittansicht gesehen in Richtung der Pfeile 7-7 in Fig. 6.

The invention is explained in more detail in the following description of an exemplary embodiment of a plate covering arrangement produced in the manner according to the invention, namely:

Fig. 1

a perspective view of a partial area of a balcony provided in the manner according to the invention with a plate covering in the area of a door opening in the subsequent building wall;

Fig. 2

a sectional view through the pad assembly, seen in the direction of arrows 2-2 in Fig. 1;

Fig. 3

the area of the covering arrangement located within the dash-dotted circle 3 in FIG. 2 on an enlarged scale;

Fig. 4

a view corresponding to the representation of the covering arrangement according to FIG. 3, in which the use of a joint cross in the corner points between adjacent plates and the fixing of the plates is illustrated by separate adhesive areas in each case;

Fig. 5

a view seen in the direction of arrows 5-5 in Figure 4, in which the plates of the plate covering to be applied are only indicated by dash-dotted lines;

Fig. 6

a plan view of a template provided for applying the adhesive in the corner regions of four meeting plates of a plate covering; and

Fig. 7

a sectional view seen in the direction of arrows 7-7 in Fig. 6th

In Fig. 1 is a partial section in perspective of a balcony in the area of a door opening in the subsequent building wall. On the in Unfinished concrete panels usually made from reinforced concrete 10 of the balcony is in the manner according to the invention drained slab covering of low installation height applied.

On the top of the shell 10 is to achieve the required slope to drain water a Screed layer 12 applied, which are only dimensioned as strong is that the required relatively low gradient is achieved and the surface is essentially flat is formed so that in a manner known per se a waterproof cover layer 14 in the form of a glued sealing film or set sealing slurry applied can be.

On the passage of surface or rain water sealing layer preventing the screed or the building board 14 is a low capillary breaking drainage mat 16 with an upper mat-shaped cover from one Filter fleece 18 applied, which with a variety extending from below the filter mat 18 in the direction of inclination parallel drainage channels 20 are provided, which through the filter mat 18 water to the in Fig. 1 bottom left edge of the raw board 10 in derive a trough 22 mounted there. On the filter mats the above-mentioned covering is laid on, whereby this Panels 24 are not fully glued to the filter mat and the butt joints of the adjacent panel are also not grouted are. The plates are rather on the top the filter mat 18 each one in the area the corner points of the meeting plates 24 the top of the filter mat 18 applied area limited order area after applying and Placing the plate curing adhesive kept, whereby the covering thickness of this adhesive application again deliberately like this is kept low, that at most small height tolerances of the boards to be laid with the adhesive still flowing can be compensated. Between the areas of the adhesive application lead to the use of appropriate thin butt joints deliberately kept tight butt joints between neighboring plates open on the filter mat, so that water entering through the butt joint through the filter mat 18 into the drainage channels 20 of the drainage mat 16 can cross. As an example of this usable drainage mats or sheets can be made on the DE 40 04 901 C2 known plastic profile drainage membrane to get expelled.

In Fig. 1 is also a drainage in the area of Door opening provided by a drainage grate 28 covered drainage channel 30 shown that over the grate 28th entering surface water also via the drainage channels 20 drained to trough 22. A more detailed description this low-profile drainage channel 30 with Cover grating 28 does not take place here since it is not part of the present Invention is.

In Fig. 2 is in a right angle to the adjacent building wall vertical partial sectional view through the balcony shown in Fig. 1, the structure of the in the invention Drained slab covering created less Construction height shown again on an enlarged scale, 3 in FIG. 2 within the dash-dotted circle portion of the plate covering arrangement shown on a further enlarged scale is.

In this drawing figure it can be seen that the adhesive application 26 by one each in the corner areas of the meeting Plates 24 placed on the filter mat Ring 32 from an elastically deformable to a certain extent Plastic to prevent it from flowing away from the side of the support area due to the applied by the plates Pressure can be prevented. The manufacture of the ring 32 from elastic or permanent in the direction of placement of the panels compressible material e.g. elastomeric plastic, Foam, etc. allows a certain - albeit minor - Height change one on the glue application 26 stored plate, as long as the adhesive has not yet set or is frozen.

FIGS. 4 and 5 show a modification of that in FIG. 3 illustrated way of applying the adhesive application illustrated. Instead of a uniform continuous adhesive application 26 according to FIG. 3 each four spaced apart and each corner area assigned to one of four meeting plates 24 separate adhesive application areas 26 'are provided, each in the under the joints 34 between adjacent panels 24 lying areas of the subsurface, i.e. in the illustrated If the filter fleece 18 is free of adhesive, see above that the transfer of voltage from one to an adjacent one Plate 24, e.g. due to thermal expansion of the Plates 24, which for a uniform adhesive application for the corner points of several plates meeting accordingly Fig. 3 is conceivable, is avoided with certainty.

For the adjustment of the gap between the plates 24 is in those located between the adhesive application areas 26 ' a cross joint 36 is provided in the middle adhesive-free areas.

Alternatively or in addition to the mentioned crosses can also be known joint bars (EP 1 083 269 A2) be provided between the edges of adjacent panels, which are profiled so that they go over the top of the surface water flowing to the substructure let pass.

To apply the adhesive application areas 26 'on the a slab of slabs 24 to be provided can - in the case of a corner point of four meeting Plates 24 use the template 40 shown in FIGS. 6 and 7 which are of a thin stiff flat surface Application plate 42 is formed and - in the illustrated Case - at its lower edge an integrally attached after has bent handle-like handle 46 above. In the Application plate 42 are perforations at a predetermined distance 48 provided, between which web surfaces 50 remain.

The template 40 is used when laying panels on the Corner point of four plates 24 meeting on the ground put on and even more vivid, i.e. not yet set or cured glue on top of the Application plate 42 applied, then with the flat side is wiped off with a trowel or a rail. In the area the openings 48, the adhesive is then on the Applied underground, whereupon the template 40 is lifted off becomes. The image of FIG. 5 then results four formed at the specified distances from each other Glue application areas 26 ', the height of the thickness of the application plate 42 corresponds.

Then the Fugenkreuz 36 on the adhesive-free Crossing area of the web surfaces 50 placed on what the corners of the boards to be laid in the by the crossing rib-like arms of the Fugenkreuzes 36 given Aligned to the surface and in pressed in the respectively assigned adhesive application area 26 ' become.

It can be seen that within the scope of the inventive concept Modifications and developments of the exemplary embodiment described plate covering arrangement feasible are. With large-area or thin-walled plates 24 can it should be useful in addition to the adhesive application in the Panel corner areas in the middle below each panel another area with an adhesive application, which - after curing or setting - acting on the plate Loads also in the middle panel area on the undermines the underlying structure. The in the embodiment shown and described inclined Screed layer 12 can be omitted or due to irregularities filling in the surface of the structural board 10 thin putty coat to be replaced when the structural board 10 from home with the for the removal of surface water required inclination has been established. It is essential in any case that in the key points the panels used glue after hardening or setting no longer has hygroscopic properties, so that penetration of supplied through the butt joints Water in the glue application and the transfer of the water within the order in the porous undersides of the Corner areas of the overlying panels is excluded. Moisturizing the plate from the bottom with the Result of efflorescence of dissolved mineral components or breaking and destruction of the plates in the moist This prevents the area from being affected by frost.

Claims (18)

Process for the creation of drained slab coverings, in particular from concrete stone slabs, natural stone and ceramic slabs etc. with a low installation height on balconies or terraces,
characterized in that a water-impermeable sealing layer of small thickness is applied to the top of the raw building panel of the balcony or terrace, if necessary, provided beforehand with a screed layer ensuring drainage for rainwater , that on the top of the sealing layer a capillary-breaking drainage layer of low height provided with a filter mat is placed on the filter mat of the drainage layer in the corner points of the boards to be laid, areas spaced apart from one another in accordance with the laying progress with an application of a thin hardening or setting adhesive and after hardening or setting no adhesive having no hygroscopic properties, on each of which are applied the corner areas of the panels to be laid are placed with a predetermined joint spacing and, after setting or curing, are held firmly and supported. A method according to claim 1, characterized in that when laying the boards on the still unbound or uncured adhesive area for adjusting the joint spacing, crosses are provided in the adhesive application. A method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that in the case of large-format and / or plates of small thickness, in the regions of the filter mats assigned to the middle plate regions of the individual plates, an adhesive is applied which, after setting or hardening, also applies the loads acting on the respective plate over the middle plate area on the drainage mat. Method according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that before applying the setting or hardening adhesive in the area of the corner points of the panels to be placed in the application area a ring of low height is placed on the top of the filter mat of the drainage mats, in which the not yet bonded or hardened adhesive is introduced, the panels to be installed with the respective corner areas being placed on the adhesive application enclosed by the ring and pressed on. Method according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the area-by-area application of the adhesive assigned to the corner areas of adjacent panels is carried out in such a way that the adhesive application is recessed in the area under the joints of the adjacent panels, so that the hardened adhesive areas no tension can be transferred to the adhesive areas of adjacent panels. Method according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that in order to adjust the gap between adjacent plates, joint rods are inserted into the joints, which are profiled and / or shaped in such a way that surface water can pass through the joints. Surface-draining arrangement of slabs (24), in particular concrete stone slabs, natural stone and ceramic slabs of small thickness etc. on the raw building slab (10) of balconies or terraces,
marked by
a water-impermeable sealing layer (14) applied to the entire surface of the structural board (10), a low-lying layer of water-permeable drain material provided on the sealing layer (14) with an upper filter mat cover (18), and in the area of its corner points on a thin one cured or set adhesive application (26) stored and held with a small gap between the plates (24). Arrangement according to Claim 7, characterized in that a screed layer (12) with a surface inclined to the removal of rainwater towards an edge of the balcony or terrace is provided between the structural board (10) and the water-impermeable sealing layer (14). Arrangement according to claim 7 or 8, characterized in that the sealing layer (14) is formed by a layer of a set or solidified sealing slurry. Arrangement according to claim 7 or 8, characterized in that the sealing layer (14) is formed by a sealing film applied to the top of the structural board (10) or the screed layer (12). Arrangement according to one of claims 7 to 10, characterized in that the capillary-breaking drainage layer applied to the sealing layer (14) is formed by drainage mats, sheets or plates (16) provided with channels running in the direction of drainage, on the upper side of which a filter mat (18 ) is provided. Arrangement according to one of claims 7 to 11, characterized in that the adhesive application (26) on the filter mat (18) of the drainage material is enclosed in each case by a ring (32) placed in the corner regions of the plates (24) to be supported. Arrangement according to claim 12, characterized in that the ring (32) in the mounting direction of the plates (24) is designed to be elastically or permanently compressible by a predetermined amount. Arrangement according to one of claims 7 to 11, characterized in that the adhesive application (26 ') is recessed in the corner areas of adjacent panels (24) below the joints (34). Template (40) for applying adhesive for carrying out the method according to claim 5, characterized by a flat application plate (42) which can be placed on the substrate (filter mat 18) in the region of the adhesive application and which has openings (48) separated from one another by remaining web surfaces (50) ) for the passage of the adhesive to be applied to the top of the application plate (42). A template according to claim 15, characterized in that the web surfaces (50) delimiting the openings (48) have a somewhat greater width than the predetermined joint width between adjacent plates (24) to be subsequently placed on the applied adhesive areas (26 '). Template according to claim 13 or 16, characterized in that the application plate (42) is provided with a handle (46) protruding over the upper flat side of the plate. Template according to one of claims 15 to 17, characterized in that the application plate (42) is made of a smooth plastic plate material, the surfaces of which have no or only little adhesive connection properties with respect to the plate adhesive used.

Images