EP1337714B1 - Schutzbarriere, insbesondere im gebirge - Google Patents

Schutzbarriere, insbesondere im gebirge Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1337714B1
EP1337714B1 EP01993726A EP01993726A EP1337714B1 EP 1337714 B1 EP1337714 B1 EP 1337714B1 EP 01993726 A EP01993726 A EP 01993726A EP 01993726 A EP01993726 A EP 01993726A EP 1337714 B1 EP1337714 B1 EP 1337714B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
mast
protective barrier
barrier according
masts
stay
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP01993726A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP1337714A1 (de
Inventor
Pascal Rambaud
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Mecanroc
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Mecanroc
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Mecanroc filed Critical Mecanroc
Publication of EP1337714A1 publication Critical patent/EP1337714A1/de
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Publication of EP1337714B1 publication Critical patent/EP1337714B1/de
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01F—ADDITIONAL WORK, SUCH AS EQUIPPING ROADS OR THE CONSTRUCTION OF PLATFORMS, HELICOPTER LANDING STAGES, SIGNS, SNOW FENCES, OR THE LIKE
    • E01F7/00—Devices affording protection against snow, sand drifts, side-wind effects, snowslides, avalanches or falling rocks; Anti-dazzle arrangements ; Sight-screens for roads, e.g. to mask accident site
    • E01F7/04—Devices affording protection against snowslides, avalanches or falling rocks, e.g. avalanche preventing structures, galleries
    • E01F7/045—Devices specially adapted for protecting against falling rocks, e.g. galleries, nets, rock traps

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a protective barrier of the kind comprising a net installed through a slope, to preserve property and people from falling rocks or avalanches.
  • the invention relates more particularly to the structure of the supports that hold the net in position, through the slope.
  • the two major risks are rock landslides and snow avalanches.
  • Some sites at risk may be equipped with structures comprising highly resistant metal nets installed across the slope and held in position by a plurality of anchored ground supports.
  • the imperatives are different.
  • the barriers against falling rocks are intended to intercept falling blocks and dissipate their kinetic energy. This is achieved by the deformation of the net which usually has extensible meshes. The net is held in position by a plurality of spaced apart supports along a contour of the slope. These works are solicited punctually and dynamically.
  • the protection barriers against falling rocks are the subject of a standard NF P 95-308 which focuses on the definition of the characteristics of structures and the classification of their performance.
  • the nets are supported by posts placed normally at the slope and guyed in the different directions, upstream, downstream and laterally.
  • This conventional system has the disadvantage of a high vulnerability of the supports.
  • French Patent No. 2,712,334 describes a support comprising a pole connected to a wide base (generally tripod) on the periphery of which are fixed the feet of the stays. This reduces the number of anchors to one per support but this system requires a heavy base, high inertia, can withstand bending stresses.
  • avalanche protection barriers should be designed not to stop an avalanche but to counteract the creeping snowpack that causes avalanches.
  • the net must oppose the thrust of the snow; it is solicited uniformly and statically.
  • the net is rather inclined downstream, for example by 30 ° relative to the normal slope.
  • the supports are spaced along a contour line. For example, a pole is provided every five meters.
  • Avalanche protection barriers are the subject of an NF P 95-304 standard which defines the dimensional requirements and strength of the different types of structure.
  • avalanche nets are supported by guyed posts inclined upstream of the normal ground. It has also been envisaged to adapt the structure described in patent No. 2,712,334 for avalanche protection by modifying the inclination of the columns relative to the normal to the slope and by modifying the base in a bipod structure.
  • the invention relates to a protective barrier that is inexpensive both from the point of view of manufacture and implantation, in particular the fact that each support has only one anchor point, while being relatively compact.
  • Another object of the invention is to propose a support structure with a geometry that can be adapted to one or the other of the protections sought (stop of falling of stones or stabilization of the snowpack), the desired configuration being obtained notably by the adjustment shrouds.
  • Another object of the invention is to provide a particularly discrete structure, particularly with regard to the supports of the net, using as much as possible of the materials integrating well with the landscape, in particular the wood.
  • the anchoring means and the support means are distinct, the anchoring being upstream relative to the support.
  • one of the masts comprises two spaced parallel poles, while the other mast is engaged between these two poles.
  • the mast which has two parallel poles is preferably said second mast.
  • the adjustment of the geometric configuration of the support is obtained by adjusting more particularly the length of the downstream stay.
  • This can be equipped with a turnbuckle.
  • said first and second masts will consist of wooden poles, for better integration into the environment.
  • a protective barrier 11 consists of a net 12 installed through a slope 13 and held by supports 14 spaced from each other, preferably along a level line of said slope .
  • the net 12 is represented by a section in the vicinity of one of the supports; that is why it appears only by a line. It consists of metal meshes closed loops distinct and interlaced, of a known type, which gives it a significant elongation capacity by sliding the mesh on each other and deformation thereof.
  • This structure is particularly suitable for the absorption of the kinetic energy of blocks of rock (Figure 3) running down the slope.
  • the structure of the net can be different when the protective barrier is arranged to stabilize the snowpack and avoid an avalanche (Figure 4).
  • the attachment points of the net to the supports are not visible.
  • the invention relates more particularly to the structure of each support 14 shown in detail in the drawings.
  • Such a support comprises a first mast 18, generally pointing downstream, although with a slope that depends on the site and the type of risk.
  • One end 19 of this first mast is attached to a ground anchoring means 20. If the ground is made of a solid rock, this anchoring will be obtained by drilling a hole in the rock and by sealing a pile 21. the case where the ground is more loose, it will be preferred to use the so-called "exploded pile” technique already described in the patent No. 2,712,334. This technique consists in detonating an explosive cartridge at the bottom of the borehole to obtain a chamber and fill the latter with concrete by sealing the anchoring pile.
  • the support also comprises a second mast 24, erected, one end 25 of which is fixed to a ground support means 26. This is located lower in the slope than the anchoring means 20.
  • the net 12 is here hung between said anchoring means 20 (or in the vicinity thereof) and the upper end 28 of said second mast. Depending on the desired configuration, however, the net may be hung in other points of the support.
  • the two aforementioned masts 18, 24 are crossed side by side in a chosen geometrical configuration which is adapted to the nature of the risk (falling stone blocks or unstable snowpack).
  • the support is given the geometric configuration illustrated in FIG. 3 in which said second mast 24 has a position close to the vertical, whereas, when it is desired to provide a protective barrier for avalanche prevention, said second mast 24 is rather oriented perpendicular to the slope 13 as can be seen in Figure 4.
  • the desired geometrical configuration is determined by a plurality of parameters such as the distance between the anchoring means 20 of the means 26, the width of the net 12 itself and the length of shrouds which are installed between the two masts.
  • one of the masts comprises two spaced parallel poles 30 and the other mast is engaged between these two poles.
  • the mast which comprises two parallel poles 30 is said second mast 24. It should be noted that, since all the stays are installed between the masts, each support requires only one only anchor point for its edification.
  • the support also comprises an upper stay 36 extending between the free end of said first mast 18 and the upper end 28 of said second mast 24.
  • the support further comprises a downstream stay 39 extending between the support means and the free end of said first mast 18. It should be noted that this downstream stay is preferably equipped with a turnbuckle 40 which constitutes an effective means for adjust the geometrical configuration of the support on site and consequently optimize the positioning of the net.
  • the support may also include an upstream stay 42 extending between said anchoring means 20 and the end 28 of said second mast.
  • This upstream stay cable may be undersized or weakened locally to constitute a kind of "fuse" called to break at the time of interception of a block of rock.
  • the relative positions of the two masts 18, 24 depend on the elements indicated above, that is to say essentially the guys and the net itself. However, it may, in some cases, be considered to articulate the masts to each other at their point of intersection.
  • FIG. 5 illustrates this embodiment in which a hinge shaft 48 passes through the two posts 30 of said second mast 24 and said first mast 18 at a predetermined crossing point.
  • the upstream stay cable can be removed.
  • This support means comprises a base 50, here simply consisting of a profile section U-shaped profile placed on the ground, the two parallel branches of the profile being supported on the ground.
  • a hinge means 52 is provided on the upper planar face of the base and this hinge means carries the end 25, lower, of said second mast.
  • said hinge means comprises a yoke 54 integral with the base, a sole plate 56 fixed to the lower end of said second mast 24 (this sole itself carries a yoke at its lower face) and a shaft 58 forming the articulation between the sole and the clevis.
  • the axis of the shaft 58 is substantially parallel to the slope.
  • the ends of the two posts 30 are fixed on the sole, on either side of the shaft 58.
  • the second mast 24 is composed of two wooden posts 30.
  • the fixing of these two poles to the sole is carried out as follows.
  • Said sole 56 carries two parallel plates 60 respectively engaged in longitudinal slots median of these posts.
  • each plate 60 is pierced with a hole 61 and a transverse rod 62 passes through each post and the corresponding hole.
  • This assembly also makes it possible to determine the spacing of the two poles.
  • the two posts 30 are provided with reinforcements 64.
  • the posts have median longitudinal slots and each of them receives a plate 65 secured to an end disk 66.
  • the plate and the disc which constitute the reinforcement are welded perpendicularly to one another (see Figure 7).
  • Each plate 65 is pierced with a hole 68 and a transverse rod 70 passes through each post and the corresponding hole. This assembly also contributes to the stabilization of the spacing of the posts 30 of said second mast 24.
  • Said anchoring means 20 through which an end 19 of said first mast 18 is fixed to the ground will now be described with reference to FIGS. 2 and 8.
  • Said anchoring means comprises a ground fixing base 74 to which is assembled a disc-shaped sole 75 fixed to the upstream end 19 of said first mast 18.
  • the sole of the mounting base is extended by a plate 76 extending diametrically and perpendicularly to the disk and this plate is engaged in a slot median longitudinal formed at the upstream end 19 of the first mast.
  • the plate 76 is pierced with a hole 78 and a transverse rod 80 passes through said first mast 18 and this hole 78.
  • Two annular reinforcements 82 are provided at both ends of the plate. Each reinforcement surrounds the mast when the plate is engaged in the middle longitudinal slot thereof.
  • the mounting base 74 and the sole 75 are two parts welded to each other and forming an angle between them which depends on the configuration that is desired to give the support.
  • the fixing base 74 is constituted by a section of U-profile pierced with a hole 84 through which the anchoring pile 21 extends.
  • the free end of the first mast 18 is also provided with a reinforcement 64 and a transverse rod 86 similar to those which equip the ends of the two posts 30 of said first mast.
  • the masts are mainly made of wood, for better integration with the environment. Nevertheless, one can imagine the same structure with metal tubes, or even beams.
  • the ends of the stays are terminated by slings passed around the corresponding ends of the masts to which they are attached, making use of the rods 62, 70, 80, 86 acting as abutments. This arrangement makes it possible to reduce the forces of the stays in the axial direction relative to the poles constituting the masts.
  • the great ease and precision with which one can adjust the rest position of the net is an important advantage that results from the support structure described above.
  • the angle that the net makes with one of the masts in the vicinity of its point of attachment to it is important for determining the optimal tension of the net, at rest. This angle can be easily adjusted by adjusting the geometry of the support, mainly by acting on the turnbuckle 40.
  • the posts constituting the two masts are preferably logs of milled wood, that is to say, calibrated in diameter and these logs are treated with fungicidal materials and insecticides, for example by injecting copper salts under pressure.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Devices Affording Protection Of Roads Or Walls For Sound Insulation (AREA)
  • Medicinal Preparation (AREA)
  • Acyclic And Carbocyclic Compounds In Medicinal Compositions (AREA)
  • Pit Excavations, Shoring, Fill Or Stabilisation Of Slopes (AREA)
  • Fats And Perfumes (AREA)
  • Packages (AREA)
  • Dental Preparations (AREA)

Claims (19)

  1. Schutzbarriere des Typs, der ein an einem Hang installiertes Netz (12) umfasst, wobei das Netz durch am Boden verankerte Halter (14) gehalten wird, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass:
    * ein solcher Halter umfasst:
    - einen ersten Mast (18), der im Allgemeinen zur Talseite geneigt ist und ein erstes Ende, das an einem Bodenverankerungsmittel befestigt ist, und ein zweites Ende umfasst,
    - einen zweiten Mast (24), der gerade gerichtet ist und ein unteres. Ende, das an einem Bodenabstützmittel befestigt ist, das von dem Verankerungsmittel verschieden ist und talwärts angeordnet ist, und ein oberes Ende umfasst,
    - und Verankerungsseile, die jeweils zwischen den Enden dieser Masten installiert sind,
    * wobei sich das Netz zwischen dem Verankerungsmittel einerseits und dem oberen Ende des zweiten Masts andererseits erstreckt und
    * die zwei oben genannten Maste (18, 24) zwischen ihren Enden in einer ausgewählten geometrischen Konfiguration, die zumindest durch den Abstand, der die Verankerungsmittel und die Abstützmittel trennt, durch das Netz selbst und durch die zwischen den Enden dieser Masten installierten Verankerungsseile bestimmt ist, nebeneinander liegend kreuzen.
  2. Schutzbarriere nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass einer der Masten zwei parallele, beabstandete Pfosten (30) umfasst und dass der andere Mast (18) zwischen diesen zwei Pfosten in Eingriff ist.
  3. Schutzbarriere nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Mast, der zwei parallele Pfosten umfasst, der zweite Mast (24) ist.
  4. Schutzbarriere nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass ein oben genannter Halter ein unteres Verankerungsseil (34) aufweist, das sich zwischen dem Verankerungsmittel und dem Abstützmittel erstreckt.
  5. Schutzbarriere nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass ein oben genannter Halter ein oberes Verankerungsseil (36) aufweist, das sich zwischen dem zweiten, freien Ende des ersten Masts und dem oberen Ende des zweiten Masts erstreckt.
  6. Schutzbarriere nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass ein oben genannter Halter ein talseitiges Verankerungsseil (38) aufweist, das sich zwischen dem Abstützmittel und dem zweiten, freien Ende des ersten Masts erstreckt.
  7. Schutzbarriere nach Anspruch 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das talseitige Verankerungsseil mit einem Spannschloss (40) versehen ist.
  8. Schutzbarriere nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass ein oben genannter Halter ein bergseitiges Verankerungsseil (42) aufweist, das sich zwischen dem Verankerungsmittel und dem oberen Ende des zweiten Masts erstreckt.
  9. Schutzbarriere nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die zwei Masten an ihrem Kreuzungspunkt durch eine Gelenkwelle (48) mechanisch verbunden sind.
  10. Schutzbarriere nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die zwei Masten an ihrem Kreuzungspunkt nicht mechanisch verbunden sind.
  11. Schutzbarriere nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Abstützmittel einen Sockel (50) aufweist, an dem ein Gelenkmittel vorgesehen ist, das das untere Ende des zweiten Masts trägt.
  12. Schutzbarriere nach Anspruch 11, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Gelenkmittel eine mit dem Sockel fest verbundene Abdeckung (54), eine am unteren Ende des zweiten Masts befestigte Fußplatte (56) und eine Welle (58), über die die Abdeckung und die Basis aneinander angelenkt sind, umfasst, wobei die Achse der Welle zu dem Hang im Wesentlichen parallel ist.
  13. Schutzbarriere nach Anspruch 3 und Anspruch 12, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Enden der zwei Pfosten an der Fußplatte (56) beiderseits der Welle angebracht sind.
  14. Schutzbarriere nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Verankerungsmittel eine Basis (74) für die Befestigung am Boden aufweist, mit der eine am bergseitigen Ende des ersten Masts befestigte Fußplatte (75) zusammengefügt ist.
  15. Schutzbarriere nach Anspruch 14, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der erste Mast aus Holz ist, die Fußplatte (75) der Befestigungsbasis durch eine Platte (76) verlängert ist, die in einem mittleren Längsschlitz des ersten Masts in Eingriff ist, dass durch die Platte ein Loch verläuft und dass durch den Mast und das Loch ein transversaler Stift (80) verläuft.
  16. Schutzbarriere nach Anspruch 15, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Ende der Platte gegenüber der Fußplatte mit einer den Mast umgebenden ringförmigen Verstärkung (82) versehen ist.
  17. Schutzbarriere nach Anspruch 12 oder 13, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der zweite Mast aus zwei Holzpfosten gebildet ist, die Fußplatte zwei parallele Platten (60) aufweist, die in entsprechenden mittleren Längsschlitzen der Pfosten in Eingriff sind, dass durch jede Platte ein Loch (61) verläuft und dass durch jeden Pfosten und das entsprechende Loch ein transversaler Stift (70) verläuft.
  18. Schutzbarriere nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Enden eines oben genannten Verankerungsseils (34, 36, 38, 42) die Form einer Schleife haben, die um entsprechende Enden der Masten, mit denen sie verbunden sind, verlaufen.
  19. Schutzbarriere nach Anspruch 6 und Anspruch 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Masten im Wesentlichen die gleiche Länge besitzen und dass die Länge des unteren Verankerungsseils gleich der halben Länge des bergaufseitigen Verankerungsseils ist.
EP01993726A 2000-11-09 2001-11-08 Schutzbarriere, insbesondere im gebirge Expired - Lifetime EP1337714B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR0014415A FR2816335B1 (fr) 2000-11-09 2000-11-09 Barriere de protection, notamment pour site montagneux
FR0014415 2000-11-09
PCT/FR2001/003464 WO2002038868A1 (fr) 2000-11-09 2001-11-08 Barriere de protection, notamment pour site montagneux

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1337714A1 EP1337714A1 (de) 2003-08-27
EP1337714B1 true EP1337714B1 (de) 2006-02-08

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP01993726A Expired - Lifetime EP1337714B1 (de) 2000-11-09 2001-11-08 Schutzbarriere, insbesondere im gebirge

Country Status (9)

Country Link
US (1) US6926471B2 (de)
EP (1) EP1337714B1 (de)
AT (1) ATE317467T1 (de)
AU (1) AU2002223781A1 (de)
CA (1) CA2428490C (de)
DE (1) DE60117176T2 (de)
ES (1) ES2258113T3 (de)
FR (1) FR2816335B1 (de)
WO (1) WO2002038868A1 (de)

Families Citing this family (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
IS2045B (is) * 2002-09-16 2005-09-15 Olafsson Eggert Snjóflóðavarnarkerfi
US20050205853A1 (en) * 2004-03-16 2005-09-22 Yucheng Pan Revolutionary barrier for rockfall or the like: maintenance-free, highly efficient in dissipating kinetic energy, and fast in installation
JP2007063831A (ja) * 2005-08-30 2007-03-15 Purotekku Engineering:Kk 防護体の支柱構造とその防護体
JP5771027B2 (ja) * 2011-03-07 2015-08-26 神鋼建材工業株式会社 雪崩防止構造
JP5670256B2 (ja) * 2011-05-30 2015-02-18 東京製綱株式会社 落石防護網の支柱およびこれを利用した落石防護装置。
US9309636B2 (en) * 2012-07-27 2016-04-12 Duncan C. WYLLIE Rockfall barrier
FR3004199B1 (fr) * 2013-04-04 2015-08-21 Mecanroc Support et barriere de protection pour retenir un objet en mouvement
US10738424B2 (en) 2017-08-04 2020-08-11 R&B Leasing, Llc System and method for mitigating rockfalls
US11391005B2 (en) 2017-08-04 2022-07-19 R&B Leasing, Llc System and method for mitigating rockfalls
DE102023107130A1 (de) 2023-03-21 2024-09-26 Geobrugg Ag Modulares Stützensystem für Schutznetzverbauungen

Citations (1)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1087633B (de) * 1953-10-01 1960-08-25 Aluminium Ind Ag Schneeschutzwand fuer den Lawinenverbau

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FR1190613A (fr) * 1956-11-21 1959-10-14 Dispositif pour empêcher la formation des avalanches
CH603911A5 (en) * 1975-11-27 1978-08-31 Fries Jan Richard De Avalanche breaker with anchors and grids
CH656659A5 (en) * 1981-10-07 1986-07-15 Johannes Fromm Protection against avalanches
IT1184798B (it) * 1985-07-31 1987-10-28 Gianangelo Cargnel Struttura per parete paramassi elastica migliorata
CH672934A5 (en) * 1987-07-06 1990-01-15 Fatzer Ag Snow-arrester net anchor - has wire rope with rigid metal core in hole and flexibility attached head
FR2622611B1 (fr) 1987-10-30 1990-02-23 Mecanroc Barriere pour blocs et pierres devalants
CH676259A5 (de) * 1988-10-12 1990-12-28 Isofer Ag
DE8903987U1 (de) * 1989-04-03 1989-05-18 Morath, Franz, 7892 Albbruck Schwellenschuh
JP2790225B2 (ja) * 1992-04-13 1998-08-27 日鐵建材工業株式会社 雪崩防止柵
JPH06264418A (ja) * 1993-03-15 1994-09-20 Komatsu Kasei Kk 雪崩予防柵の設置方法
JPH06264416A (ja) * 1993-03-15 1994-09-20 Komatsu Kasei Kk 雪崩予防柵の設置方法
JPH06264417A (ja) * 1993-03-15 1994-09-20 Komatsu Kasei Kk 雪崩予防柵の設置方法
FR2712334B1 (fr) 1993-11-10 1996-02-02 Rambaud Pascal Poteau de support pour barrière d'arrêt de blocs dévalants, à ancrage unique.
DE9319472U1 (de) * 1993-12-17 1994-02-24 Karl, Johann, Dipl.-Ing. (FH), 86504 Merching Mastständer für einen Zaun, insbesondere einen Fangzaun

Patent Citations (1)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1087633B (de) * 1953-10-01 1960-08-25 Aluminium Ind Ag Schneeschutzwand fuer den Lawinenverbau

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
WO2002038868A1 (fr) 2002-05-16
ATE317467T1 (de) 2006-02-15
FR2816335A1 (fr) 2002-05-10
AU2002223781A1 (en) 2002-05-21
CA2428490A1 (fr) 2002-05-16
US6926471B2 (en) 2005-08-09
FR2816335B1 (fr) 2003-08-15
US20040041139A1 (en) 2004-03-04
CA2428490C (fr) 2009-04-07
DE60117176D1 (de) 2006-04-20
DE60117176T2 (de) 2006-11-09
ES2258113T3 (es) 2006-08-16
EP1337714A1 (de) 2003-08-27

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