EP1337714A1 - Barriere de protection, notamment pour site montagneux - Google Patents
Barriere de protection, notamment pour site montagneuxInfo
- Publication number
- EP1337714A1 EP1337714A1 EP01993726A EP01993726A EP1337714A1 EP 1337714 A1 EP1337714 A1 EP 1337714A1 EP 01993726 A EP01993726 A EP 01993726A EP 01993726 A EP01993726 A EP 01993726A EP 1337714 A1 EP1337714 A1 EP 1337714A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- mast
- protective barrier
- barrier according
- masts
- support
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 38
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 32
- 238000004873 anchoring Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 230000002787 reinforcement Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000000284 resting effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 description 11
- 230000004224 protection Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000010354 integration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001879 copper Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000009193 crawling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002360 explosive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000855 fungicidal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000417 fungicide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002917 insecticide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006641 stabilisation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011105 stabilization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
- E01F—ADDITIONAL WORK, SUCH AS EQUIPPING ROADS OR THE CONSTRUCTION OF PLATFORMS, HELICOPTER LANDING STAGES, SIGNS, SNOW FENCES, OR THE LIKE
- E01F7/00—Devices affording protection against snow, sand drifts, side-wind effects, snowslides, avalanches or falling rocks; Anti-dazzle arrangements ; Sight-screens for roads, e.g. to mask accident site
- E01F7/04—Devices affording protection against snowslides, avalanches or falling rocks, e.g. avalanche preventing structures, galleries
- E01F7/045—Devices specially adapted for protecting against falling rocks, e.g. galleries, nets, rock traps
Definitions
- the invention relates to a protective barrier of the kind comprising a net installed across a slope, to protect goods and people from falling rocks or avalanches.
- the invention relates more particularly to the structure of the supports which hold the net in position, across the slope.
- Some risk sites can be equipped with structures comprising very resistant metallic nets installed across the slope and held in position by a plurality of supports anchored to the ground. Depending on the nature of the risk, falling rocks or snow avalanches, the requirements are different.
- Protective barriers against falling rocks are intended to intercept down-swinging blocks and dissipate their kinetic energy. This is obtained by the deformation of the net which generally has extensible meshes. The net is held in position by a plurality of supports spaced along a level curve of the slope. These structures are used punctually and dynamically.
- the protective barriers against falling rocks are the subject of a standard NF P 95-308 which sets out to define the characteristics of the structures and to classify their performance.
- the nets are supported by posts normally placed at the slope and guyed in the different directions, upstream, downstream and laterally. This conventional system has the disadvantage of a high vulnerability of the supports. In addition, it is necessary to provide as many ground anchor points as there are guy lines. Installation on site is therefore expensive.
- French Patent No. 2,712,334 describes a support comprising a post connected to a large base (generally tripod) at the periphery of which the feet of the shrouds are fixed. This reduces the number of anchors to one per support but this system requires a heavy base, of high inertia, able to resist bending stresses.
- the avalanche protection barriers must be designed not to stop an avalanche but to oppose the crawling of the snowpack which causes avalanches.
- the net must oppose the thrust of the snow; it is stressed uniformly and statically.
- the net is rather inclined downstream, for example 30 ° from the normal to the slope.
- the supports are spaced along a contour line. For example, a post is provided every five meters.
- the avalanche protection barriers are the subject of an NF P 95-304 standard which defines the dimensional requirements and the resistance of the different types of structure.
- avalanche nets are supported by guyed poles inclined upstream from normal to the ground. It has also been envisaged to adapt the structure described in patent No. 2,712,334 for protection against avalanches by modifying the inclination of the poles relative to the normal to the slope and by modifying the base into a bipod structure.
- the invention relates to an inexpensive protective barrier both from the point of view of manufacturing and of installation, in particular because each support has only one anchor point, while being relatively compact.
- Another object of the invention is to propose a support structure with geometry adaptable to one or the other of the desired protections (stopping of falling stones or stabilization of the snowpack) the desired configuration being obtained in particular by adjusting the wire.
- the invention relates to a protective barrier of the kind comprising a net installed across a slope, said net being held by supports anchored to the ground, characterized in that such a support comprises a first mast generally pointing downstream and one end of which is fixed to an anchoring means to the ground and a second mast, erected, one end of which is fixed to a means of bearing on the ground, in that said net extends between said anchoring means d on the one hand and the upper end of said second mast, on the other hand and in that the two aforementioned masts cross side by side according to a chosen geometric configuration, determined at least by the distance separating said anchoring means and said means support, by said net itself and by guy wires installed between said masts.
- the anchoring means and the support means are distinct, the anchoring being upstream relative to the support.
- one of the masts comprises two spaced parallel posts, while the other mast is engaged between these two posts.
- the mast which has two parallel posts is preferably said second mast.
- the adjustment of the geometrical configuration of the support is obtained by more particularly adjusting the length of the downstream shroud. This can be fitted with a turnbuckle.
- said first and second masts will be made of wooden posts, for better integration into the environment.
- the invention will be better understood and other advantages thereof will appear more clearly in the light of the description which follows, of a possible embodiment of a protective barrier in accordance with its principle, given solely by way of example and made with reference to the accompanying drawings in which:
- FIG. 1 is a side view of a protective barrier according to the invention
- FIG. 2 is a perspective view of a support of said barrier
- FIG. 3 is a schematic view illustrating a geometric configuration of the support to constitute an effective barrier against falling rocks
- FIG. 4 is a schematic view illustrating a geometric configuration of the support to constitute an effective barrier for the prevention of avalanches
- Figure 5 is a view similar to Figure 1, illustrating a variant
- a protective barrier 11 consists of a net 12 installed across a slope 13 and held by supports 14 spaced from each other, preferably along a level line of said slope .
- the thread 12 is represented by a section in the vicinity of one of the supports; this is why it appears only by a line. It consists of metallic meshes in separate closed and interlaced loops, of a known type, which gives it a significant elongation capacity by sliding the meshes on each other and deformation thereof. This structure is particularly suitable for absorbing the kinetic energy of rock blocks (Figure 3) rolling down the slope. The structure of the net can be different when the protective barrier is arranged to stabilize the snowpack and avoid an avalanche (Figure 4). In the drawings, the points of attachment of the net to the supports are not visible.
- the invention relates more particularly to the structure of each support 14 shown in detail in the drawings.
- Such a support comprises a first mast 18, generally pointing downstream, although with an inclination which depends on the site and on the type of risk.
- One end 19 of this first mast is fixed to an anchoring means to the ground 20. If the ground consists of a solid rock, this anchoring will be obtained by drilling a hole in the rock and by sealing a stake 21 therein. if the soil is more loose, the so-called "exploded pile” technique already described in patent No. 2,712,334 will preferably be used. This technique consists in detonating an explosive cartridge at the bottom of the borehole to obtain a chamber and fill the latter with concrete by sealing the anchor pile.
- the support also comprises a second mast 24, erected, one end of which
- the net 25 is fixed to a support means on the ground 26. This is located lower, in the slope than the anchoring means 20.
- the net 12 is here hung between said anchoring means 20 (or in the vicinity of the latter) and the upper end 28 of said second mast. Depending on the configuration sought, however, the net can be hung at other points on the support.
- the two aforesaid masts 18, 24 intersect side by side according to a chosen geometrical configuration which is adapted to the nature of the risk (falling stone blocks or unstable snowpack). More particularly, when it comes to intercepting downward blocks of stone, the support is given the geometric configuration illustrated in FIG. 3 in which said second mast 24 has a position close to the vertical whereas, when it is desired producing a protective barrier for preventing avalanches, said second mast 24 is rather oriented perpendicular to slope 13 as can be seen in FIG. 4.
- the desired geometrical configuration is determined by a plurality of parameters such as the distance which separates the anchoring means 20 from the means support 26, the width of the net 12 itself and the length of guy lines which are installed between the two masts.
- one of the masts has two parallel posts 30, spaced apart and the other mast is engaged between these two posts.
- the mast which has two parallel posts 30 is said second mast 24.
- each support since all the shrouds are installed between the masts, each support requires only one the only anchor for its construction. For example, there is a lower shroud 34 extending between said anchoring means 20 and said support means 26. The length of this stay therefore determines the distance which separates the anchoring means from the support means.
- the support also includes an upper stay 36 extending between the free end of said first mast 18 and the upper end 28 of said second mast 24.
- the support also includes a downstream guy 38 extending between the support means and the free end of said first mast 18.
- this downstream guy is preferably equipped with a turnbuckle 40 which constitutes an effective means for adjust the geometrical configuration of the support on site and therefore optimize the positioning of the net.
- the support may also include an upstream stay 42 extending between said anchoring means 20 and the end 28 of said second mast.
- This upstream shroud can be undersized or weakened locally to constitute a kind of "fuse" called to break at the time of the interception of a block of rock.
- the relative positions of the two masts 18, 24 depend on the elements indicated above, that is to say essentially the shrouds and the net itself. However, it may, in certain cases, be envisaged to articulate the masts one to the other at their crossing point.
- FIG. 5 illustrates this embodiment in which a hinge shaft 48 crosses the two posts 30 of said second mast 24 and said first mast 18 at a predetermined crossing point.
- the upstream stay can be omitted.
- This support means comprises a base 50, here simply consisting of a section of U-shaped profile placed on the ground, the two parallel branches of the profile being supported on the ground.
- An articulation means 52 is provided on the upper flat face of the base and this articulation means carries the lower end 25 of said second mast. To do this, said articulation means comprises a yoke
- a sole 56 fixed to the lower end of said second mast 24 (this sole itself carries a yoke on its underside) and a shaft 58 providing the articulation between the sole and the yoke.
- the axis of the shaft 58 is substantially parallel to the slope.
- the ends of the two posts 30 are fixed on the sole, on either side of the shaft 58.
- the second mast 24 is composed of two wooden posts 30.
- the fixing of these two posts to the base is carried out as follows.
- Said sole 56 carries two parallel plates 60 respectively engaged in median longitudinal slots of these posts.
- each plate 60 is pierced with a hole 61 and a transverse rod 62 passes through each post and the corresponding hole.
- This assembly also makes it possible to determine the spacing of the two posts.
- the two posts 30 are provided with reinforcements 64.
- the posts have median longitudinal slots and each of them receives a plate 65 integral with an end disc 66.
- the plate and the disc which constitute the reinforcements are welded perpendicular to each other (see Figure 7).
- Each plate 65 is pierced with a hole 68 and a transverse rod 70 passes through each post and the corresponding hole. This assembly also participates in stabilizing the spacing of the posts 30 of said second mast 24.
- Said anchoring means 20 by which one end 19 of said first mast 18 is fixed to the ground.
- Said anchoring means comprises a base 74 for fixing to the ground to which a disc-shaped sole 75 is assembled, fixed to the upstream end 19 of said first mast 18.
- this first mast 18 is made of wood
- the sole of the fixing base is extended by a plate 76 extending diametrically and perpendicular to the disc and this plate is engaged in a slot longitudinal center formed at the upstream end 19 of the first mast.
- the plate 76 is pierced with a hole 78 and a transverse rod 80 passes through said first mast 18 and this hole 78.
- Two annular reinforcements 82 are provided at the two ends of the plate. Each reinforcement surrounds the mast when the plate is engaged in the median longitudinal slot thereof.
- the fixing base 74 and the sole 75 are two pieces welded to each other and forming an angle between them which depends on the configuration which it is desired to give to the support.
- the mounting base 74 is constituted by a U-shaped section section pierced with a hole 84 through which the anchoring stake 21 extends.
- the free end of the first mast 18 is also provided with a reinforcement 64 and a transverse rod 86 similar to those which equip the ends of the two posts 30 of said first mast.
- the masts are mainly made of wood, for better integration into the environment.
- metal tubes even beams.
- the ends of the shrouds are terminated by slings passed around the corresponding ends of the masts to which they are attached, taking advantage of the rods 62, 70, 80, 86, acting as stops. This arrangement makes it possible to reduce the efforts of the shrouds in an axial direction relative to the posts constituting the masts.
- the angle that the net makes with one of the masts in the vicinity of its point of attachment thereto is important for determining the optimal tension of the net, at rest.
- This angle can be easily adjusted by adjusting the geometry of the support, mainly by acting on the turnbuckle 40.
- the posts constituting the two masts are preferably milled logs, that is to say calibrated in diameter and these logs are treated by fungicide and insecticide materials, for example by injecting copper salts to the heart, under pressure.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Architecture (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Devices Affording Protection Of Roads Or Walls For Sound Insulation (AREA)
- Medicinal Preparation (AREA)
- Acyclic And Carbocyclic Compounds In Medicinal Compositions (AREA)
- Pit Excavations, Shoring, Fill Or Stabilisation Of Slopes (AREA)
- Fats And Perfumes (AREA)
- Packages (AREA)
- Dental Preparations (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR0014415 | 2000-11-09 | ||
FR0014415A FR2816335B1 (fr) | 2000-11-09 | 2000-11-09 | Barriere de protection, notamment pour site montagneux |
PCT/FR2001/003464 WO2002038868A1 (fr) | 2000-11-09 | 2001-11-08 | Barriere de protection, notamment pour site montagneux |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP1337714A1 true EP1337714A1 (fr) | 2003-08-27 |
EP1337714B1 EP1337714B1 (fr) | 2006-02-08 |
Family
ID=8856259
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP01993726A Expired - Lifetime EP1337714B1 (fr) | 2000-11-09 | 2001-11-08 | Barriere de protection, notamment pour site montagneux |
Country Status (9)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US6926471B2 (fr) |
EP (1) | EP1337714B1 (fr) |
AT (1) | ATE317467T1 (fr) |
AU (1) | AU2002223781A1 (fr) |
CA (1) | CA2428490C (fr) |
DE (1) | DE60117176T2 (fr) |
ES (1) | ES2258113T3 (fr) |
FR (1) | FR2816335B1 (fr) |
WO (1) | WO2002038868A1 (fr) |
Families Citing this family (10)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
IS2045B (is) * | 2002-09-16 | 2005-09-15 | Olafsson Eggert | Snjóflóðavarnarkerfi |
US20050205853A1 (en) * | 2004-03-16 | 2005-09-22 | Yucheng Pan | Revolutionary barrier for rockfall or the like: maintenance-free, highly efficient in dissipating kinetic energy, and fast in installation |
JP2007063831A (ja) * | 2005-08-30 | 2007-03-15 | Purotekku Engineering:Kk | 防護体の支柱構造とその防護体 |
JP5771027B2 (ja) * | 2011-03-07 | 2015-08-26 | 神鋼建材工業株式会社 | 雪崩防止構造 |
JP5670256B2 (ja) * | 2011-05-30 | 2015-02-18 | 東京製綱株式会社 | 落石防護網の支柱およびこれを利用した落石防護装置。 |
US9309636B2 (en) * | 2012-07-27 | 2016-04-12 | Duncan C. WYLLIE | Rockfall barrier |
FR3004199B1 (fr) * | 2013-04-04 | 2015-08-21 | Mecanroc | Support et barriere de protection pour retenir un objet en mouvement |
US11391005B2 (en) | 2017-08-04 | 2022-07-19 | R&B Leasing, Llc | System and method for mitigating rockfalls |
US10738424B2 (en) | 2017-08-04 | 2020-08-11 | R&B Leasing, Llc | System and method for mitigating rockfalls |
DE102023107130A1 (de) | 2023-03-21 | 2024-09-26 | Geobrugg Ag | Modulares Stützensystem für Schutznetzverbauungen |
Family Cites Families (15)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE1087633B (de) * | 1953-10-01 | 1960-08-25 | Aluminium Ind Ag | Schneeschutzwand fuer den Lawinenverbau |
FR1190613A (fr) * | 1956-11-21 | 1959-10-14 | Dispositif pour empêcher la formation des avalanches | |
CH603911A5 (en) * | 1975-11-27 | 1978-08-31 | Fries Jan Richard De | Avalanche breaker with anchors and grids |
CH656659A5 (en) * | 1981-10-07 | 1986-07-15 | Johannes Fromm | Protection against avalanches |
IT1184798B (it) * | 1985-07-31 | 1987-10-28 | Gianangelo Cargnel | Struttura per parete paramassi elastica migliorata |
CH672934A5 (en) * | 1987-07-06 | 1990-01-15 | Fatzer Ag | Snow-arrester net anchor - has wire rope with rigid metal core in hole and flexibility attached head |
FR2622611B1 (fr) | 1987-10-30 | 1990-02-23 | Mecanroc | Barriere pour blocs et pierres devalants |
CH676259A5 (fr) * | 1988-10-12 | 1990-12-28 | Isofer Ag | |
DE8903987U1 (de) * | 1989-04-03 | 1989-05-18 | Morath, Franz, 7892 Albbruck | Schwellenschuh |
JP2790225B2 (ja) * | 1992-04-13 | 1998-08-27 | 日鐵建材工業株式会社 | 雪崩防止柵 |
JPH06264418A (ja) * | 1993-03-15 | 1994-09-20 | Komatsu Kasei Kk | 雪崩予防柵の設置方法 |
JPH06264417A (ja) * | 1993-03-15 | 1994-09-20 | Komatsu Kasei Kk | 雪崩予防柵の設置方法 |
JPH06264416A (ja) * | 1993-03-15 | 1994-09-20 | Komatsu Kasei Kk | 雪崩予防柵の設置方法 |
FR2712334B1 (fr) | 1993-11-10 | 1996-02-02 | Rambaud Pascal | Poteau de support pour barrière d'arrêt de blocs dévalants, à ancrage unique. |
DE9319472U1 (de) * | 1993-12-17 | 1994-02-24 | Karl, Johann, Dipl.-Ing. (FH), 86504 Merching | Mastständer für einen Zaun, insbesondere einen Fangzaun |
-
2000
- 2000-11-09 FR FR0014415A patent/FR2816335B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2001
- 2001-11-08 AU AU2002223781A patent/AU2002223781A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2001-11-08 CA CA002428490A patent/CA2428490C/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2001-11-08 DE DE60117176T patent/DE60117176T2/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2001-11-08 EP EP01993726A patent/EP1337714B1/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2001-11-08 WO PCT/FR2001/003464 patent/WO2002038868A1/fr active IP Right Grant
- 2001-11-08 AT AT01993726T patent/ATE317467T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2001-11-08 ES ES01993726T patent/ES2258113T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
2003
- 2003-05-09 US US10/434,838 patent/US6926471B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
See references of WO0238868A1 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
FR2816335B1 (fr) | 2003-08-15 |
US20040041139A1 (en) | 2004-03-04 |
AU2002223781A1 (en) | 2002-05-21 |
FR2816335A1 (fr) | 2002-05-10 |
CA2428490A1 (fr) | 2002-05-16 |
CA2428490C (fr) | 2009-04-07 |
DE60117176D1 (de) | 2006-04-20 |
ES2258113T3 (es) | 2006-08-16 |
DE60117176T2 (de) | 2006-11-09 |
ATE317467T1 (de) | 2006-02-15 |
WO2002038868A1 (fr) | 2002-05-16 |
US6926471B2 (en) | 2005-08-09 |
EP1337714B1 (fr) | 2006-02-08 |
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