EP1328498A1 - Verfahren der katalytischen spaltung von lactonen - Google Patents
Verfahren der katalytischen spaltung von lactonenInfo
- Publication number
- EP1328498A1 EP1328498A1 EP01958051A EP01958051A EP1328498A1 EP 1328498 A1 EP1328498 A1 EP 1328498A1 EP 01958051 A EP01958051 A EP 01958051A EP 01958051 A EP01958051 A EP 01958051A EP 1328498 A1 EP1328498 A1 EP 1328498A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- lactone
- phosphine
- reaction
- carried out
- ethylidene
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 67
- 150000002596 lactones Chemical group 0.000 title claims abstract description 48
- 238000003421 catalytic decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 title 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 73
- XYFCBTPGUUZFHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphine Chemical compound P XYFCBTPGUUZFHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 51
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 239000003446 ligand Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- DYWSVUBJGFTOQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N xi-2-Ethylheptanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCC(CC)C(O)=O DYWSVUBJGFTOQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 125000000524 functional group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 150000001735 carboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- YXJPKSNUBWXRRV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 6-ethenyl-3-ethylideneoxan-2-one Chemical compound CC=C1CCC(C=C)OC1=O YXJPKSNUBWXRRV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 34
- 229910000073 phosphorus hydride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 25
- 238000003776 cleavage reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 23
- 230000007017 scission Effects 0.000 claims description 23
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- 125000000422 delta-lactone group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 21
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N palladium Substances [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000005984 hydrogenation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000012074 organic phase Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000010948 rhodium Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 claims description 11
- MYAJTCUQMQREFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-K tppts Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[O-]S(=O)(=O)C1=CC=CC(P(C=2C=C(C=CC=2)S([O-])(=O)=O)C=2C=C(C=CC=2)S([O-])(=O)=O)=C1 MYAJTCUQMQREFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 11
- 150000003003 phosphines Chemical class 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910021645 metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 8
- 125000000472 sulfonyl group Chemical group *S(*)(=O)=O 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000008346 aqueous phase Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052703 rhodium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052741 iridium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Substances [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- NMJHKUHEVRVPQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-ethylidenehept-6-enoic acid Chemical compound CC=C(C(O)=O)CCCC=C NMJHKUHEVRVPQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910018072 Al 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000004793 Polystyrene Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000003178 carboxy group Chemical group [H]OC(*)=O 0.000 claims description 5
- 229920002223 polystyrene Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O Ammonium Chemical class [NH4+] QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 claims description 4
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- PTFCDOFLOPIGGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc dication Chemical compound [Zn+2] PTFCDOFLOPIGGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910001413 alkali metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910001420 alkaline earth metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhodium atom Chemical class [Rh] MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- RIOQSEWOXXDEQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N triphenylphosphine Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 RIOQSEWOXXDEQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- LEMQFDHLRUSMPZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl(dimethyl)phosphane Chemical compound CCP(C)C LEMQFDHLRUSMPZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000000457 gamma-lactone group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iridium atom Chemical compound [Ir] GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- HBAHZZVIEFRTEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-heptylcyclohex-2-en-1-one Chemical compound CCCCCCCC1=CCCCC1=O HBAHZZVIEFRTEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004593 Epoxy Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920001367 Merrifield resin Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910004298 SiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003875 Wang resin Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- GEIAQOFPUVMAGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N ZrO Inorganic materials [Zr]=O GEIAQOFPUVMAGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- NERFNHBZJXXFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N [4-[(4-methylphenyl)methoxy]phenyl]methanol Chemical compound C1=CC(C)=CC=C1COC1=CC=C(CO)C=C1 NERFNHBZJXXFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- CIUQDSCDWFSTQR-UHFFFAOYSA-N [C]1=CC=CC=C1 Chemical compound [C]1=CC=CC=C1 CIUQDSCDWFSTQR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000002947 alkylene group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000003277 amino group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- MUALRAIOVNYAIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N binap Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C(=C2C=CC=CC2=CC=1)C=1C2=CC=CC=C2C=CC=1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 MUALRAIOVNYAIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000002915 carbonyl group Chemical group [*:2]C([*:1])=O 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000006555 catalytic reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- WUOIAOOSKMHJOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl(diphenyl)phosphane Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1P(CC)C1=CC=CC=C1 WUOIAOOSKMHJOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000002560 nitrile group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000000449 nitro group Chemical group [O-][N+](*)=O 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052762 osmium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000000394 phosphonato group Chemical group [O-]P([O-])(*)=O 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920006122 polyamide resin Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052707 ruthenium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- WLPUWLXVBWGYMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N tricyclohexylphosphine Chemical compound C1CCCCC1P(C1CCCCC1)C1CCCCC1 WLPUWLXVBWGYMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- IGNTWNVBGLNYDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N triisopropylphosphine Chemical compound CC(C)P(C(C)C)C(C)C IGNTWNVBGLNYDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- YWWDBCBWQNCYNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethylphosphine Chemical compound CP(C)C YWWDBCBWQNCYNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 claims 1
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 claims 1
- 150000002504 iridium compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- UJNZOIKQAUQOCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl(diphenyl)phosphane Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1P(C)C1=CC=CC=C1 UJNZOIKQAUQOCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 238000003385 ring cleavage reaction Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 claims 1
- ODTNUAAARLIWHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-ethylideneoct-7-enoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(=CC)CCCC=C ODTNUAAARLIWHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 16
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 9
- CMCDLVGKLXRLCI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-ethylidenehept-3-enoic acid Chemical class CCCC=CC(=CC)C(O)=O CMCDLVGKLXRLCI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- KAKZBPTYRLMSJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butadiene Chemical compound C=CC=C KAKZBPTYRLMSJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- IMNFDUFMRHMDMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Heptane Chemical compound CCCCCCC IMNFDUFMRHMDMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 6
- 125000000686 lactone group Chemical group 0.000 description 5
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000004912 1,5-cyclooctadiene Substances 0.000 description 4
- QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propene Chemical compound CC=C QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- -1 for example Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 description 4
- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- OBETXYAYXDNJHR-SSDOTTSWSA-M (2r)-2-ethylhexanoate Chemical compound CCCC[C@@H](CC)C([O-])=O OBETXYAYXDNJHR-SSDOTTSWSA-M 0.000 description 3
- WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetonitrile Chemical compound CC#N WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dichloromethane Chemical compound ClCCl YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- OBETXYAYXDNJHR-UHFFFAOYSA-N alpha-ethylcaproic acid Natural products CCCCC(CC)C(O)=O OBETXYAYXDNJHR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 150000001732 carboxylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000011541 reaction mixture Substances 0.000 description 3
- ITNSLMAJHLLCHR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-ethylidene-5,6-dihydro-4h-oxocin-2-one Chemical compound CC=C1CCCC=COC1=O ITNSLMAJHLLCHR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chloroform Chemical compound ClC(Cl)Cl HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BZLVMXJERCGZMT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl tert-butyl ether Chemical compound COC(C)(C)C BZLVMXJERCGZMT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 150000002170 ethers Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004817 gas chromatography Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012454 non-polar solvent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004014 plasticizer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000009257 reactivity Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007127 saponification reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004448 titration Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007306 turnover Effects 0.000 description 2
- RYHBNJHYFVUHQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-Dioxane Chemical compound C1COCCO1 RYHBNJHYFVUHQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VYXHVRARDIDEHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,5-cyclooctadiene Chemical compound C1CC=CCCC=C1 VYXHVRARDIDEHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VPOQLEUBFUBLKW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-ethylidene-5-hydroxyhept-6-enoic acid Chemical compound CC=C(C(O)=O)CCC(O)C=C VPOQLEUBFUBLKW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FBOKNOQEFIMYLY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-ethylideneoctanoic acid Chemical class CCCCCCC(=CC)C(O)=O FBOKNOQEFIMYLY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VBQDLGRIXYIZDT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-methylocta-2,4-diene Chemical compound CCCC=CC(C)=CC VBQDLGRIXYIZDT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GJBRHFDLWKHUMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N CCCC(=CC)C=CC(O)=O Chemical class CCCC(=CC)C=CC(O)=O GJBRHFDLWKHUMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CTQNGGLPUBDAKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N O-Xylene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1C CTQNGGLPUBDAKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001336 alkenes Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229920000180 alkyd Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003849 aromatic solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 1
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbonic acid Chemical class OC(O)=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000969 carrier Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012876 carrier material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000008280 chlorinated hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000498 cooling water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004696 coordination complex Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000009849 deactivation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000000219 ethylidene group Chemical group [H]C(=[*])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003205 fragrance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000769 gas chromatography-flame ionisation detection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009904 heterogeneous catalytic hydrogenation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000036571 hydration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006703 hydration reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003100 immobilizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011835 investigation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006317 isomerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000000956 methoxy group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])O* 0.000 description 1
- 150000004702 methyl esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- SYSQUGFVNFXIIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-[4-(1,3-benzoxazol-2-yl)phenyl]-4-nitrobenzenesulfonamide Chemical class C1=CC([N+](=O)[O-])=CC=C1S(=O)(=O)NC1=CC=C(C=2OC3=CC=CC=C3N=2)C=C1 SYSQUGFVNFXIIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CWMPPVPFLSZGCY-UHFFFAOYSA-N oct-2-enoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCC=CC(O)=O CWMPPVPFLSZGCY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000962 organic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229920000620 organic polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002940 palladium Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000004714 phosphonium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000035484 reaction time Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006462 rearrangement reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- SOBHUZYZLFQYFK-UHFFFAOYSA-K trisodium;hydroxy-[[phosphonatomethyl(phosphonomethyl)amino]methyl]phosphinate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[Na+].OP(O)(=O)CN(CP(O)([O-])=O)CP([O-])([O-])=O SOBHUZYZLFQYFK-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 238000010626 work up procedure Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008096 xylene Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C51/00—Preparation of carboxylic acids or their salts, halides or anhydrides
- C07C51/347—Preparation of carboxylic acids or their salts, halides or anhydrides by reactions not involving formation of carboxyl groups
- C07C51/36—Preparation of carboxylic acids or their salts, halides or anhydrides by reactions not involving formation of carboxyl groups by hydrogenation of carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C51/00—Preparation of carboxylic acids or their salts, halides or anhydrides
- C07C51/09—Preparation of carboxylic acids or their salts, halides or anhydrides from carboxylic acid esters or lactones
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C51/00—Preparation of carboxylic acids or their salts, halides or anhydrides
- C07C51/347—Preparation of carboxylic acids or their salts, halides or anhydrides by reactions not involving formation of carboxyl groups
- C07C51/377—Preparation of carboxylic acids or their salts, halides or anhydrides by reactions not involving formation of carboxyl groups by splitting-off hydrogen or functional groups; by hydrogenolysis of functional groups
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a catalytic process for the preparation of carboxylic acids by catalytic cleavage of lactones on catalysts which are derived from metals from group VIII of the Periodic Table of the Elements.
- a carboxyl function is formed in the cleavage according to the invention from the lactone function present in the molecule, but no hydroxyl function or a derivative thereof is formed functional group.
- lactones are generally expensive products. This is due to the comparatively complex manufacturing process.
- the processes of lactone production have recently focused on the telomerization of butadiene with CO 2 and, if appropriate, further reactant compounds. Because of the inexpensive educts present in large quantities, at least some lactones have become inexpensively available and are available as starting substances for follow-up reactions to products which are potentially interesting for certain areas of application and are still to be developed.
- An example of an easily accessible lactone is the ⁇ -lactone 2-ethylidene-6-heptenolide, which consists of two molecules of butadiene and one in a telomerization reaction Molecule CO 2 is produced.
- Organylphosphine-modified palladium complexes serve as the catalyst.
- the method can be modified in various ways. With modern process variants, yields of 95% with respect to the lactone are possible, and the problem of recycling the catalyst has now also been solved in several ways. This is done, for example, in accordance with the process disclosed in WO 98/57745 by immobilizing the catalyst on a polystyrene support or by extracting the lactone formed after the reaction has ended and recycling the catalyst which is insoluble in the extractant. This last method is disclosed in Chemie-Ingenieur-Technik 72 (2000), pages 58 to 61.
- the process should be simple to carry out, give high yields and leave other functional groups present on the lactone, such as, for example, olefin functions, intact.
- This object is achieved by a process of cleaving lactones which may have functional groups to give carboxylic acids, this process being characterized in that the corresponding lactone is hydrogenated with catalysis by a compound of a metal from Group VIII of the Periodic Table of the Elements, which is modified with organophosphines is implemented.
- the process according to the invention allows the production of carboxylic acids which no longer have any hydroxyl groups derived from the lactone function, but in which other functional groups are generally still present.
- metals of group VIII of the periodic table of the elements are modified with phosphine ligands.
- the metals are preferably selected from the group consisting of Ru, Os, Pd, Pt, Rh and Ir. In particular, the metals are selected from the group consisting of Rh and Ir.
- the type of phosphine ligand that is used varies depending on how the process according to the invention is carried out. This can be homogeneous in an organic phase, optionally with the addition of a solvent, heterogeneously in the organic phase with an insoluble catalyst fixed on a support, optionally with the addition of an organic solvent, or in a two-phase system with an aqueous and an organic phase , optionally with the addition of an organic solvent.
- organophosphines which can be monodentate, bidentate or multidentate, are generally suitable. Generally one or two-toothed phosphines will be used. These can be selected from the known organylphosphines which are soluble in the customary solvents. These are, for example, triarylphosphines, trialkylphosphines and alkylene and arylene-bridged diphosphines which carry alkyl or aryl substituents.
- Examples include trimethylphosph ⁇ x, triisopropylphosphine, tricyclohexylphosphine, triphenylphosphine, diphenylphosphinoethane and methane, dimethylphosphinoethane and methane, and the phosphines known under the name BINAP.
- the reaction is carried out without the addition of a solvent or with the addition of a customary solvent, for example heptane, toluene, diethyl ether, dioxane or methanol or else mixtures thereof.
- a customary solvent for example heptane, toluene, diethyl ether, dioxane or methanol or else mixtures thereof.
- the carboxylic acid formed is isolated by, for example, distilling it out of the reaction mixture or extracting it from it, for example by acid-base extraction or with a suitable solvent.
- phosphine ligands fixed on supports.
- All of the above-mentioned phosphine ligands suitable for use in the process according to the invention can be fixed on suitable supports.
- these are organic polymers, for example polystyrene, which may optionally be modified (Merrifield resin, Wang resin, aminomethyl-substituted polystyrene), tentagel and polyamide resins.
- Inorganic carriers such as silica and pulp can also be used.
- the reaction mixture in which carrier-fixed organophosphines are used, can be separated from the catalyst after the reaction has ended, simply by decanting, which can then be used again in the reaction.
- the reaction mixture separated from the catalyst is then isolated and purified using customary methods, such as distilling off the solvent followed by purifying the product by distillation.
- the process is carried out in a two-phase water / organic solvent system, water-soluble phosphine ligands being used.
- phosphine ligands can be monodentate or bidentate and have the usual organic groups known to a person skilled in the art on the organic substituents associated with the phosphorus, which causes water solubility. Examples of such groups that cause water solubility include carboxyl functions, hydroxyl functions, alkoxylated hydroxyl functions, phosphonato functions and sulfonyl functions, preferably sulfonyl functions.
- a group of suitable water-soluble phosphine ligands are the triarylphosphines corresponding to the general formula (I) below
- Ar represents a phenyl or naphthyl radical
- M 1 , M 2 and M 3 independently of one another are an alkali metal ion, an optionally organyl-substituted ammonium ion, an alkaline earth metal ion or a zinc ion and are present in the stoichiometrically necessary amount
- x, y and z are identical or are different and are independently 0 or 1.
- x, y and z are preferably 1 and Ar is a phenyl radical.
- TPTS trisodium tri (n-sulfonyl) phosphine
- M 1 to M 6 or M 1 to M 8 are, independently of one another, an alkali metal ion, an optionally organyl-substituted ammonium ion, an alkaline earth metal ion or a zinc ion and are present in the stoichiometrically necessary amounts and a - f or a - h independently of one another 0 or 1 are.
- Preferred phosphines of formula (Ila) are those in which 3 to 6 sulfonyl groups SO 3 M are present; preferred phosphines of the formula (IIb) have 4 to 8 sulfonyl groups. Particularly preferred among the phosphines corresponding to formulas (Ila) and (Ilb) are the ligands known under the names BISBIS and BINAS.
- an organic solvent can be present, but the reaction can also be carried out in the absence of a solvent.
- suitable organic solvents include non-polar solvents such as paraffins, aromatic solvents, for example toluene and xylene, ethers such as diethyl ether and methyl tert-butyl ether, acetonitrile and chlorinated hydrocarbons such as dichloromethane and chloroform.
- the catalytically active catalyst complex is prepared by generally known methods, generally by mixing a suitable precursor compound with the respective phosphine ligand in the required amounts.
- Suitable precursor compounds are known to the person skilled in the art.
- IrCl 6 3 ⁇ IrCl 3 • n H 2 O and H 2 [IrCl 6 ] • n H 2 O can be mentioned as examples of suitable iridium precursor compounds.
- the phosphine ligands used in the process according to the invention are used in all process variants in relative amounts with respect to the rhodium or iridium metal, which are in the range from 1: 3 to 1: 1000, preferably 1:10 to 1: 100.
- the catalyst is used in an amount which is from 100 to 10,000, preferably 500 to 10,000, mol of lactone mol of metal ion.
- the ratio of metal / phosphine ligand is 1: 3 to 1: 1000, preferably 10 to 100.
- the aqueous phase contains here 20 to 5000 ppm metal ion, preferably 250 to 1500 ppm.
- the relative amount of metal ions used is 1 • 10 "5 to 1 • 10 " 2 mol metal ion / mol lactone.
- the aqueous phase contains 1 to 25% by weight, preferably 2.5 to 15% by weight, of phosphine ligand.
- the process according to the invention is carried out in all process variants at temperatures from 50 to 200 ° C. and is carried out under a hydrogen atmosphere at pressures from 1 to 150 bar, preferably 1 to 30 bar. If functional groups are present on the lactone, the temperature is preferably 50 to 150 ° C., in particular 70 to 130 ° C.
- the product mixture obtained after the lactone has been cleaved and which has the carboxylic acids formed is separated from the solution which contains the catalytically active metal complex or the phosphine ligands. This can be done with the homogeneous Perform the reaction in the organic phase by distilling off the solvent and distilling the residue containing the product, if appropriate after oxidation of the phosphine ligands or their conversion into a phosphonium salt. If an immobilized ligand is used, the product solution is removed from it by decanting and then worked up accordingly.
- the workup initially involves simply separating the organic phase in which the product is located from the aqueous phase.
- the carboxylic acid is then purified using known methods, usually by distillation.
- the aqueous catalyst solution can then be reused.
- lactone cleavage process according to the invention can be used widely and is suitable for both ⁇ - and ⁇ -lactones.
- Lactones can be used which have different substituents on their ring system or which themselves have a double bond in the ring.
- functional groups which the lactone substrate can have include olefinic double and acetylenic triple bonds, carboxyl functions, carbonyl functions, hydroxyl functions, epoxy functions, nitrile groups, amino groups, nitro groups, in particular olefinic double bonds.
- double bond isomerization can be observed. If the respective reaction conditions, which are necessary for a gentle reaction, to achieve only the desired lactone cleavage, are not observed, a more or less complete hydrogenation of the functional groups, such as, for example, the olefinic double bonds, can also be observed.
- one of the advantages of the process according to the invention is that functional groups are retained in the lactone cleavage.
- the lactone cleavage process according to the invention can easily be carried out in such a way that no olefinic double bonds are hydrogenated.
- the process is therefore particularly suitable for the cleavage of lactones which have olefinic double bonds on the substituents or an olefinic double bond in the ring itself.
- the process of lactone cleavage according to the invention is particularly suitable for the conversion of 2-ethylidene-6-heptene-5-olide to 2-ethylidene-6-heptenoic acid or its isomers suitable. Conversions of 100% and selectivities for the 2-ethylidene-6-heptenoic acid or of double bond isomers formed by the rearrangement reaction can be achieved, which are up to 100%.
- the present application also relates to a process for the preparation of 2-ethylheptanoic acids by cleavage of 2-ethylidene-6-heptene-5-olide and hydrogenation of the resulting 2-ethylidene-6-heptenecarboxylic acid and its isomers.
- 2-ethylheptanoic acid is interesting as an alternative to 2-ethylhexanoic acid. This is used as the starting product for lubricants, plasticizers and alkyd resins.
- the acid is used in the form of its esters, metal salts or the acid itself. Frequently, the acid is also converted by hydrogenation into the corresponding alcohol, which is esterified with certain carboxylic acids and then used as a plasticizer.
- 2-ethylheptanoic acid is advantageous due to manufacturing aspects, since it can be produced from two C - and one C ⁇ - building block (butadiene or CO 2 ). This is not the case with 2-ethylhexanoic acid due to the odd carbon number, propene has to be used for the production. However, propene is a scarce raw material in contrast to butadiene, so it is desirable to be able to use it as a raw material.
- the 2-ethylheptanoic acid as Cg acid is known per se. It has properties that predestine it to replace 2-ethylhexanoic acid, which has been used on a large scale until now. However, so far, despite the inherently favorable carbon number, it has not been possible to produce the 2-ethylheptanoic acid in a manner which is inexpensive and enables synthesis on an industrial scale.
- Another object of the present invention is to provide a process with which 2-ethylheptanoic acid can be prepared simply, inexpensively and in high yields. The process should continue to be able to be operated on an industrial scale.
- This object is achieved by a process for the preparation of 2-ethylheptanoic acids which comprises the catalytic cleavage of 2-ethylidene-6-heptene-5-olide described above to 2-ethylidene-6-heptenoic acids and their isomers and the hydrogenation of this carboxylic acid or of the resulting mixture of isomers.
- the lactone cleavage and the hydrogenation of the olefinic double bond can be carried out in a single step.
- the catalyst used in the lactone cleavage is selected and the reaction conditions are set so that the reaction is not ended after the cleavage of the lactone ring, but also the olefinic double bonds in the substrate are hydrogenated.
- This hydrogenation can be achieved in particular by harsh reaction conditions, for example temperatures> 125 ° C. and pressures> 10 bar.
- the hydrogenation is carried out using a conventional catalyst system known per se on the ethylidene / heptenecarboxylic acid / isomer mixture formed after the lactone cleavage and which has been freed from the catalyst system used.
- the hydrogenation is carried out using suitable catalyst compounds known to a person skilled in the art, it being possible for the hydrogenation to be carried out homogeneously or heterogeneously.
- the hydrogenation is preferably carried out under heterogeneous conditions.
- metals as the catalyst which are selected from the group consisting of nickel, palladium and platinum. Mixtures of these preferred metals can also be used.
- the catalyst metals or their mixtures can be used without a support material. If a carrier material is used, it consists of the usual materials known to a person skilled in the art, for example activated carbon, Al 2 O 3 , SiO 2 , ZrO 2 and MgO, preferably activated carbon or Al 2 O 3 .
- An organic solvent may be present in the hydrogenation of the ethylidene heptane carboxylic acids.
- suitable organic solvents include lower alcohols, paraffins, ethers.
- the reaction can also be carried out in the absence of a solvent.
- the selected temperatures are from 0 to 300 ° C, preferably 40 to 220 ° C, the pressures from 1 to 300 bar, preferably 5 to 15 bar.
- a complete hydrogenation of the olefinic double bond of the ethylidene heptenoic acids used can be achieved in this way.
- the investigations on the cleavage of the lactone ring were carried out in an autoclave with a volume of 67 ml.
- the reaction solution consisted of two immiscible phases: the aqueous catalyst phase with RhCl 3 as the catalyst metal and TPPTS as the ligand.
- the organic phase consisted either of a non-polar solvent and the educt, the ⁇ -lactone, or only of the ⁇ -lactone.
- the volume of the phases was 15 ml in each case.
- the reactor was provided with a dip tube which made it possible to take samples from the organic phase.
- the two phases were mixed using a disk stirrer.
- the reactor was evacuated before the start of the reaction and the reaction solution was sucked in with the aid of the negative pressure which had arisen.
- the mixture was then heated to the reaction temperature with slow stirring, the stirrer was switched off, the desired hydrogen pressure was applied and the reaction was started by switching on the stirrer. Samples were taken after 5, 10, 15, 30 and 60 min. The analysis was carried out using an HP ® 6890 GC-FID.
- the reaction solution consisting of 15.0 g of ⁇ -lactone, 12.5 g of water, 38 mg of RhCl 3 * 3H 2 O and 2.8 ml of 25% TPPTS solution is prepared in a Schlenk vessel.
- the reactor is evacuated and the reaction solution is sucked in.
- the mixture is then heated to 80 ° C. with slow stirring, the stirrer is switched off, 10 bar of hydrogen pressure is applied and the reaction is started by accelerating the stirrer to 1000 min -1 .
- the samples are taken after 5, 10, 15, 30 and 60 min, each time wait one minute after stopping the stirrer to allow the phases to separate.
- reaction solution consisting of 15.0 g of ⁇ -lactone, 12.2 g of water, 39 mg of RhCl 3 * 3H 2 O and 2.8 ml of 25% TPPTS solution is prepared in a Schlenk vessel.
- the reaction solution consisting of 15.0 g of ⁇ -lactone, 12.2 g of water, 39 mg of RhCl 3 * 3H 2 O and 2.8 ml of 25% TPPTS solution is prepared in a Schlenk vessel.
- the reactor is evacuated and the reaction solution is sucked in.
- the mixture is then heated to 90 ° C. with slow stirring, the stirrer is turned off, 30 bar of hydrogen pressure is applied and the reaction is started by accelerating the stirrer to 1000 min -1 .
- the samples are taken after 5, 10 and 15 min, one minute after each The stirrer is serviced to allow the phases to separate.
- the reaction solution consisting of 15.0 g of ⁇ -lactone, 13.6 g of water, 19 mg of RhCl 3 * 3H 2 O and 1.4 ml of 25% TPPTS solution is prepared in a Schlenk vessel.
- the reactor is evacuated and the reaction solution is sucked in.
- the mixture is then heated to 90 ° C. with slow stirring, the stirrer is switched off, 10 bar of hydrogen pressure is applied and the reaction is started by accelerating the stirrer to 1000 min -1 .
- the samples are taken after 5, 10 and 15 min, one minute after each The stirrer is serviced to allow the phases to separate.
- Table 5 Example 1.4
- reaction solution consisting of 5.0 g ⁇ -lactone, 6.8 g n-heptane, 14.06 g water, 13 mg RhCl * 3H 2 O and 1.1 ml 25% TPPTS solution. stated.
- the reactor is evacuated and the reaction solution is sucked in.
- the mixture is then heated to 90 ° C. with slow stirring, the stirrer is switched off, 10 bar of hydrogen pressure is applied and the reaction is started by accelerating the stirrer to 1000 min -1 . After 60 min, the stirrer is switched off, the phases are separated and the organic phase is analyzed. The ⁇ -lactone was completely cleaved into the unsaturated 2-ethylidene heptenoic acids.
- reaction solution consisting of 5.0 g ⁇ -lactone, 15 g toluene, 13.3 g water, 0.24 mg [Rh (COD) Cl] 2 and 1.7 ml 25% TPPTS solution stated.
- the reactor is evacuated and the reaction solution is sucked in.
- the mixture is then heated to 70 ° C. with slow stirring, the stirrer is switched off, 30 bar of hydrogen pressure is applied, and the reaction is started by accelerating the stirrer to 1000 min -1 . After 3.5 h, 95% conversion of the ⁇ -lactone is observed, which occurs exclusively were converted to the isomeric 2-ethylidene heptenoic acids.
- reaction solution consisting of 75.0 g ⁇ -lactone, 60.8 g
- the reaction was carried out as described in Example 2.1, the reactor being provided with a U-tube through which cooling water was passed in order to remove the heat of reaction released.
- reaction solution consisting of 75.0 g ⁇ -lactone, 60.8 g
- the reactor is evacuated and the reaction solution is sucked in. Thereafter, the stirrer is heated with slow stirring to 110 ° C, stopped, pressurized with 10 bar of hydrogen pressure and the reaction started by accelerating the stirrer at 1000 min ".
- the isomeric 2-ethylidene heptic acids accessible by cleavage of the ⁇ -lactone are distilled to remove the traces of water that remain in the product.
- p 2 * 10 "2 mbar and a temperature of 30 ° C the water is removed, when the temperature of the bath increases to 110 ° C (head temperature 75 ° C) the product is obtained as a distillate.
- the remaining olefinic double bonds of 2-ethylidene heptenoic acid are hydrogenated using a heterogeneous hydrogenation catalyst.
- Example 4.1 0.5 g of palladium on activated carbon (5% Pd) is weighed into a 300 ml autoclave.
- the reaction solution consisting of 10.0 g of 2-ethylidene heptenic acid and 90 ml of methanol is prepared under argon and sucked into the previously evacuated autoclave.
- the mixture is then heated to 60 ° C., a hydrogen pressure of 10 bar is applied and the reaction is carried out Accelerating the stirrer to 700 min "1 started. After five minutes of reaction time, the starting material is completely consumed, with 2-ethylheptanoic acid being the only product.
- Example 4.2 The procedure is as described in Example 4.1, 90 ml of n-heptane being used instead of the methanol. The yield is 100% 2-ethylheptanoic acid after 30 min.
- Example 4.3 The procedure is as described in Example 4.1, 10 g of Al 2 O 3 balls (2-4 mm) with 0.5% palladium being used as the catalyst. The yield is 100% 2-ethylheptanoic acid after 60 min.
- Example 4.4 The procedure is as described in Example 4.3, 5 g of palladium on activated carbon granules (1 mm) with 1% palladium being used as the catalyst. After 30 minutes, the conversion is 95%, only 2-ethylheptanoic acid being formed.
- Example 4.5 0.5 g of palladium on activated carbon (5% Pd) is weighed into a 300 ml autoclave.
- the mixture is then heated to 60 ° C., a hydrogen pressure of 30 bar is applied and the reaction is started by accelerating the stirrer to 1000 rpm. After 6 hours the
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Abstract
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Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE10041571 | 2000-08-24 | ||
| DE10041571A DE10041571A1 (de) | 2000-08-24 | 2000-08-24 | Verfahren der katalytischen Spaltung von Lactonen |
| PCT/EP2001/009021 WO2002016301A1 (de) | 2000-08-24 | 2001-08-03 | Verfahren der katalytischen spaltung von lactonen |
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| EP1328498A1 true EP1328498A1 (de) | 2003-07-23 |
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| EP01958051A Withdrawn EP1328498A1 (de) | 2000-08-24 | 2001-08-03 | Verfahren der katalytischen spaltung von lactonen |
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| Country | Link |
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| US (1) | US6790987B2 (de) |
| EP (1) | EP1328498A1 (de) |
| JP (1) | JP2004515470A (de) |
| KR (1) | KR20030027070A (de) |
| CN (1) | CN1449371A (de) |
| AU (1) | AU2001279802A1 (de) |
| DE (1) | DE10041571A1 (de) |
| WO (1) | WO2002016301A1 (de) |
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| KR100662367B1 (ko) * | 2004-05-06 | 2007-01-02 | 엘지전자 주식회사 | 모니터용 스탠드 어셈블리 |
| KR100672566B1 (ko) * | 2004-12-27 | 2007-01-24 | 엘지전자 주식회사 | 모니터용 힌지어셈블리 |
| DE102011077860A1 (de) * | 2011-06-21 | 2012-12-27 | Evonik Oxeno Gmbh | Verfahren zur Herstellung von 2-Ethylheptansäure |
| CN106588628B (zh) * | 2016-12-12 | 2019-04-26 | 中国科学技术大学 | 羧酸的制备方法 |
| WO2018231082A2 (en) * | 2017-06-12 | 2018-12-20 | Qatar Foundation | Synthesis of building blocks and feedstocks for manufacturing renewable polymers |
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| US3849457A (en) * | 1969-01-27 | 1974-11-19 | Mobil Oil Corp | Preparation of carboxylic acids by hydrogenolysis of esters |
| DE19725735C2 (de) | 1997-06-18 | 1999-05-06 | Karlsruhe Forschzent | Aus phosphinoalkyl-funktionalisiertem Polystyrol erhältlicher Katalysator und Verfahren zur Herstellung von delta-Lacton |
-
2000
- 2000-08-24 DE DE10041571A patent/DE10041571A1/de not_active Withdrawn
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2001
- 2001-08-03 KR KR10-2003-7002612A patent/KR20030027070A/ko not_active Withdrawn
- 2001-08-03 US US10/362,057 patent/US6790987B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2001-08-03 JP JP2002521177A patent/JP2004515470A/ja not_active Withdrawn
- 2001-08-03 CN CN01814571A patent/CN1449371A/zh active Pending
- 2001-08-03 AU AU2001279802A patent/AU2001279802A1/en not_active Abandoned
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- 2001-08-03 WO PCT/EP2001/009021 patent/WO2002016301A1/de not_active Ceased
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| CN1449371A (zh) | 2003-10-15 |
| DE10041571A1 (de) | 2002-03-07 |
| WO2002016301A1 (de) | 2002-02-28 |
| AU2001279802A1 (en) | 2002-03-04 |
| KR20030027070A (ko) | 2003-04-03 |
| US6790987B2 (en) | 2004-09-14 |
| US20030176737A1 (en) | 2003-09-18 |
| JP2004515470A (ja) | 2004-05-27 |
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