EP1327712B1 - Machine de production d'un produit textile à motifs et produit non tissé ainsi obtenu - Google Patents

Machine de production d'un produit textile à motifs et produit non tissé ainsi obtenu Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1327712B1
EP1327712B1 EP03290013A EP03290013A EP1327712B1 EP 1327712 B1 EP1327712 B1 EP 1327712B1 EP 03290013 A EP03290013 A EP 03290013A EP 03290013 A EP03290013 A EP 03290013A EP 1327712 B1 EP1327712 B1 EP 1327712B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
drum
nonwoven
holes
sleeve
machine according
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EP03290013A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP1327712A1 (fr
Inventor
Frédéric NOELLE
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Rieter Perfojet SAS
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Rieter Perfojet SAS
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    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H18/00—Needling machines
    • D04H18/04—Needling machines with water jets
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
    • D04H1/04—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres having existing or potential cohesive properties, e.g. natural fibres, prestretched or fibrillated artificial fibres
    • D04H1/06—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres having existing or potential cohesive properties, e.g. natural fibres, prestretched or fibrillated artificial fibres by treatment to produce shrinking, swelling, crimping or curling of fibres
    • D04H1/067—Regenerated cellulose series
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
    • D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
    • D04H1/42—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties characterised by the use of certain kinds of fibres insofar as this use has no preponderant influence on the consolidation of the fleece
    • D04H1/425—Cellulose series
    • D04H1/4258—Regenerated cellulose series
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
    • D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
    • D04H1/42—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties characterised by the use of certain kinds of fibres insofar as this use has no preponderant influence on the consolidation of the fleece
    • D04H1/4326—Condensation or reaction polymers
    • D04H1/435—Polyesters
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
    • D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
    • D04H1/44—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties the fleeces or layers being consolidated by mechanical means, e.g. by rolling
    • D04H1/46—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties the fleeces or layers being consolidated by mechanical means, e.g. by rolling by needling or like operations to cause entanglement of fibres
    • D04H1/492—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties the fleeces or layers being consolidated by mechanical means, e.g. by rolling by needling or like operations to cause entanglement of fibres by fluid jet
    • D04H1/495—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties the fleeces or layers being consolidated by mechanical means, e.g. by rolling by needling or like operations to cause entanglement of fibres by fluid jet for formation of patterns, e.g. drilling or rearrangement
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H3/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length
    • D04H3/08—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length characterised by the method of strengthening or consolidating
    • D04H3/10—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length characterised by the method of strengthening or consolidating with bonds between yarns or filaments made mechanically
    • D04H3/11—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length characterised by the method of strengthening or consolidating with bonds between yarns or filaments made mechanically by fluid jet
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H5/00—Non woven fabrics formed of mixtures of relatively short fibres and yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length
    • D04H5/02—Non woven fabrics formed of mixtures of relatively short fibres and yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length strengthened or consolidated by mechanical methods, e.g. needling
    • D04H5/03—Non woven fabrics formed of mixtures of relatively short fibres and yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length strengthened or consolidated by mechanical methods, e.g. needling by fluid jet
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/23907—Pile or nap type surface or component
    • Y10T428/23929—Edge feature or configured or discontinuous surface
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/24—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.]
    • Y10T428/24479—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.] including variation in thickness
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/24—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.]
    • Y10T428/24479—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.] including variation in thickness
    • Y10T428/24595—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.] including variation in thickness and varying density
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/24—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.]
    • Y10T428/24479—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.] including variation in thickness
    • Y10T428/24595—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.] including variation in thickness and varying density
    • Y10T428/24603—Fiber containing component
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/24—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.]
    • Y10T428/24479—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.] including variation in thickness
    • Y10T428/24612—Composite web or sheet
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/24—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.]
    • Y10T428/24802—Discontinuous or differential coating, impregnation or bond [e.g., artwork, printing, retouched photograph, etc.]
    • Y10T428/2481—Discontinuous or differential coating, impregnation or bond [e.g., artwork, printing, retouched photograph, etc.] including layer of mechanically interengaged strands, strand-portions or strand-like strips
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T442/00—Fabric [woven, knitted, or nonwoven textile or cloth, etc.]
    • Y10T442/60—Nonwoven fabric [i.e., nonwoven strand or fiber material]
    • Y10T442/682—Needled nonwoven fabric
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T442/00—Fabric [woven, knitted, or nonwoven textile or cloth, etc.]
    • Y10T442/60—Nonwoven fabric [i.e., nonwoven strand or fiber material]
    • Y10T442/689—Hydroentangled nonwoven fabric
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T442/00—Fabric [woven, knitted, or nonwoven textile or cloth, etc.]
    • Y10T442/60—Nonwoven fabric [i.e., nonwoven strand or fiber material]
    • Y10T442/69—Autogenously bonded nonwoven fabric

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to machines for producing woven, knitted and nonwoven patterned textile products and nonwoven fabrics produced by these machines.
  • a machine for producing a woven fabric which comprises a perforated side surface drum.
  • the drum is rotated relative to its axis.
  • the machine includes a sleeve hole that is threaded on the drum.
  • the sleeve has a ratio of sum of the areas of the holes at the surface of its total lateral surface which is between 5 and 75% and a hole diameter that is not greater than 1 mm.
  • a water jet projection device projects jets of water towards the drum in a substantially radial direction thereto and there is provided means for creating a depression within the drum, which allow to evacuate air and water.
  • This machine makes it possible to obtain patterned nonwovens. But these nonwovens have a lot of hairiness and lose the substantially flat appearance that we search.
  • the invention overcomes this disadvantage by a machine which allows to obtain patterned products, whose hairiness is weak and is not apparent and retains a substantially flat pattern. These machines can be used also to produce woven products or patterned knits of natural, man-made or synthetic fibers.
  • a perforated sheath is threaded onto the sleeve and has openings with at least one dimension greater than 2 mm.
  • At least one dimension of the openings is greater at 2 mm or better at 10 mm and, preferably, at least two dimensions perpendicular to each other openings are greater than 2 mm.
  • the sheath has a thickness between 0.1 and 2.5 mm and preferably between 0.3 and 1.0 mm.
  • the ratio of the area of the openings to the surface total lateral sheath is between 10 and 70%.
  • the openings of the sheath are separated by bridges of microperforated material of holes having diameters between 50 and 500 microns. This facilitates the drainage of the water, which is particularly useful when the bridges have a dimension, in particular a width, greater than 3 mm, so that it does not create defects and marks on the nonwoven.
  • the distribution of the holes in the sleeve can be random.
  • the holes can also be ordered, aligned or staggered.
  • the sleeve may be made of a metallic or synthetic fabric or a mixture of metal fabric and synthetic material. We prefer that the diameter of the holes is between 200 and 800 microns.
  • the sleeve may be in particular a metal fabric or a fabric synthetic.
  • the closed rotating drum may have a fixed body and a surface rotating side in perforated sheet metal or in honeycomb, which allows to increase the pressure of the jets and the rate of production with a binding better.
  • the drum may be a Sandusky bronze cylinder having helical holes. It can also be a rolled perforated sheet metal tube coated with a drainage sleeve in coarse metal fabric that ensures a good uniformity of water extraction.
  • the invention finally relates to a nonwoven product which comprises entangled filiform elements and in which are embossed patterned parts.
  • the free ends of the filamentary filaments protrude from the patterned parts by a distance of less than 2 mm and, preferably, less than 1.5 and the number of free ends which thus project is less than 10. / 5mm 2 , preferably to 5, and more preferably to 3. It is possible to determine said distance and said number as follows: it is observed using a magnifying glass having a magnification of 8 times.
  • the upper surface of the protruding parts is substantially flat, the difference between non-woven fabrics with prior patterns in which these parts were clearly bulging, besides the fact that they had great hair.
  • the flatness can be measured in the following way: We can measure the flatness in the following manner: The non-woven is tested with a thickness measurement of nonwovens as recommended by the EDANA standard ERT 30.5-99. The curved faces of the projecting parts are placed facing the mobile foot of the device. When the moving foot comes in contact with the curved part, the first thickness value is recorded. When the foot mobile continues its descent and arrives at the lowest level of the surface of the curved part, a second value of thickness is read on the device. The difference between these two values corresponds to the flatness of the parts in relief. The lower the difference, the better the flatness.
  • the flatness of the protruding parts is between 0.1 and 1.5 mm and, preferably, less than 1 mm.
  • the projecting parts have each at least one dimension greater than 2 mm and, preferably, have two dimensions perpendicular to each other greater than 2,5 mm and when the intervals between two adjacent protruding parts is between 0.5 and 10, the protruding parts may be circular, oval or polygonal, but also have any shape in logo.
  • the nonwovens may be made of natural or artificial or synthetic fibers.
  • the nonwovens are generally obtained by the so-called carding or aerodynamic technique, they can also consist of continuous thermoplastic filaments obtained by the so-called spunbond technique or even meltblowns.
  • Nonwovens can also be obtained by the so-called wet technique, they can also be obtained by the combination of several processes such as spunbond + carded veils, spunbond + natural fibers linked aerodynamically "airlaid". Good results have been obtained with nonwovens of 30 to 150 g / m 2 based on viscose, viscose / polyester blends and cotton. But this list is not exhaustive.
  • the thicknesses of the nonwovens including the protruding patterns are generally between 0.5 mm and 2.5 mm and the elevation of the protruding parts is between 0.3 and 2.0.
  • the thickness and the elevation are measured in the following manner: The thickness is measured by placing the nonwoven in a non-woven thickness measuring apparatus as recommended by the EDANA ERT 30.5-99 standard. The elevation is measured with a magnifying glass with 8 times magnification and micrometric scale.
  • the nonwoven has undergone a first binding treatment on a usual machine for the connection of nonwovens by jets of water and immediately thereafter is transferred continuously to the device which is the subject of the invention. This pretreatment is not to be done for products woven and knitted.
  • the jets For carrying out the treatment to achieve the patterns, the jets have a diameter of between 80 and 170 microns and, preferably, included between 100 and 140 microns.
  • the number of jets per meter is between 1000 and 5000 and, preferably, between 1500 and 4000.
  • the water pressure in the injectors is between 10 and 400 bar and preferably between 80 and 250 bars.
  • the depression in the drum is between - 20 mbars (millibars) and -200 mbars and the drum is driven at a speed between 1 and 400m / min.
  • FIG. 1 is a broken-away perspective view of a machine according to the invention
  • FIG. 1a is a view on a larger scale of part of the perforated sheath of the machine
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic view of an installation incorporating the machine according to the invention
  • Figures 2a and 2b are enlarged views of two parts of the installation of Figure 2,
  • FIG. 2c is a view corresponding to FIG. 2b of a previous machine
  • Figure 3 is a schematic plan view of a nonwoven next the invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic sectional view corresponding to the figure 3.
  • the machine schematically represented in FIG. an inner drum 1 consisting of a fixed body and a sheet forming the lateral surface.
  • the lateral surface is rotated by a device 2 belt drive 3.
  • the side surface is perforated with perforations with a diameter of 10 mm.
  • the ratio (void ratio) of the sum of areas of perforations to the total area of the lateral surface is -70%.
  • This drum 1 is surrounded by a sleeve 4 threaded onto the drum.
  • the sleeve is holed.
  • the ratio of the sum of the areas of the holes to the total area of the lateral surface is 10%.
  • the holes have a diameter 0.30 mm.
  • the sleeve 4 is surrounded in turn by a perforated sheath 5 that we see better in Figure 1a.
  • the openings 6 are hexagonal, their most large dimension is 10 mm.
  • the inside of the drum 1 communicates with a pipe 7 for extracting air and water.
  • Two injectors 8 and 9 send respectively jets of water towards the sheath 5.
  • the sheath 5 is made of stainless steel, brass or nickel, or even plastic material.
  • the openings 6 are cut by the technique known as punching or by laser cutting or by water jet cutting. he It is also possible to obtain the openings 6 by the technique known as nickel plating commonly used for the manufacture of screen printing cylinders. It is also possible to use plastics or laser cut elastomers or other techniques.
  • the sheath has a thickness of between 0.1 and 2 mm and preferably between 0.3 and 1 mm.
  • Drum 1 has a void ratio between 5 and 75% and preferably between 10 and 50%.
  • the drum 1 has a diameter of about 520 mm.
  • the sleeve 4 is preferably made of nickel and is obtained by nickel plating. It is microperforated with holes of diameter ranging from 50 to 500 microns and preferably between 200 and 400 microns. He has a thickness of between 0.1 and 0.6 mm and preferably between 0.2 and 0.4 mm.
  • the projecting patterns are hexagonal.
  • the openings are delimited by solid parts or bridges of materials. These bridges are perforated holes with a diameter of between 100 and 300 microns.
  • e the total thickness of the nonwoven
  • h the elevation of the patterns
  • I the length of the hairs measured perpendicular to the non woven.
  • Example 1 Figures 2, 2a and 2b
  • a product according to the invention is produced in the following manner.
  • a web of about 65 g / m 2 consisting of 100% viscose fibers of 1.7 dtex and 40 mm is produced at a speed of 60 m / min. by a carding card for nonwovens.
  • This sheet is transported by a conveyor belt on a hydraulic binding unit of the type sold under the name "Jetlace 3000" adapted for carrying out the process according to the invention.
  • the sheet is compacted between the transport conveyor and a first binding cylinder coated with a micro-perforated envelope, the holes being arranged in a random manner, as described in French Patent No. 2,734,285.
  • sail is wet via the injector located behind the transport conveyor, just after the compaction point, injector which is arranged perpendicularly to the generatrix of the cylinder.
  • This injector is equipped with a perforated plate of 140 micron holes spaced from each other by a distance of 1 mm and operating at a pressure of 15 bar.
  • the veil thus compacted and wet slightly preloaded is then subjected to the action of two successive hydraulic injectors projecting jets of water of 120 microns in diameter at increasing speeds of 100 and 125 m / second.
  • the jets of water being spaced apart from each other by 0.6 mm.
  • the bonded veil undergoes a treatment according to the invention by passing it over the rotary drum 1 having the sleeve 4 and the sheath 5: the sheath 5 has hexagonal openings of 12 mm and a thickness of 0, 8 mm and a void ratio (ratio of the sum of the areas of the openings to the total area of the lateral surface) of 50%. It is fitted on the microperforated sleeve 4 whose holes have a diameter of 300 microns and a hole density of 100 holes per square centimeter. This microperforated sleeve has a thickness of 0.35 mm.
  • the fibrous web previously consolidated on the previous cylinder is subjected to the action of two successive injectors delivering jets of 120 microns in diameter at a speed of 150 m / second, the jets being spaced apart from each other by 0.6 mm.
  • the perforations of the drum have a diameter of 10 mm.
  • the ratio of the sum of the areas of the perforations to the total area of the lateral surface is 70%.
  • the web is then transferred to a suction mat connected to a vacuum generator, then dried at a temperature of 150 ° C in a through air oven and then wound into a coil.
  • a nonwoven weighing approximately 60 g / m 2 having a hexagonal pattern with a good definition of the hexagonal pattern and whose protruding parts (patterns) are free of pilosity or spiked fibers as shown in FIGS. 3 and 4 is obtained.
  • the gap between two adjacent patterns is 3 mm.
  • the nonwoven has a thickness of 0.7 mm and the patterns are raised by 0.5 mm.
  • An observation with a magnifying glass of five random patterns shows that the number of hair per 5 mm 2 is less than 4 in each pattern and that the length of the few hairs that appear, counted from the level of the upper face of the pattern is less than 1.5 mm.
  • Example 1 The treatment conditions are the same as those given in Example 1.
  • a product consisting of a blend of viscose fibers and 70/30 polyester is produced.
  • the fibers have a title of 1.7 dtex and a length of 40 mm.
  • the formed web weighs, at the outlet of the card, about 65 g / m 2 and after treatment about 60 g / m 2 . It has a hexagonal pattern of good definition and whose raised portions are hairless as in Example 1.
  • the second rotary drum is modified by removing the microperforated sleeve placed inside the perforated sheath.
  • the products thus obtained have a pattern of poor definition and whose protruding parts have a high hairiness and many spiked fibers in the case of nonwoven viscose and in the case of the viscose / polyester mixture.
  • Many fibers (15/5 mm 2 ) are raised on the surface of the protruding parts and moreover these fibers are easily torn off the surface and some have a length of 10 mm.
  • a cotton fabric of 100 g / m2 undergoes a treatment on a together according to the invention and identical to that of Examples 1 and 2. a speed of 5 m / minute, it is subjected to the action of two injectors successive delivery jets of 120 microns in diameter at a speed of 243 m / second, the jets being spaced from each other by 0.6 mm.
  • the fabric is then dried in a through air oven at a temperature of 100 ° C.
  • the fabric has a hexagonal pattern in relief and hairless.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Nonwoven Fabrics (AREA)
  • Treatment Of Fiber Materials (AREA)
  • Woven Fabrics (AREA)

Description

La présente invention se rapporte aux machines de production de produits textiles tissés, tricotés et non tissés à motifs et aux non tissés produits par ces machines.
Aux US-A-6 055 710 et 5 768 756, on décrit des machines de production de non tissés dans lesquelles on utilise un tambour dont la surface la plus extérieure est constituée d'un manchon microperforé. Ces machines ne permettent pas d'obtenir des non tissés à motifs.
Au FR-2 799 214 on décrit une machine de production d'un non tissé qui comprend un tambour à surface latérale perforée. Le tambour est entraíné en rotation par rapport à son axe. La machine comprend un manchon troué qui est enfilé sur le tambour. En pratique, le manchon a un rapport de la somme des superficies des trous à la superficie de sa surface latérale totale qui est compris entre 5 et 75% et un diamètre des trous qui n'est pas supérieur à 1 mm. Un dispositif de projection de jet d'eau projette des jets d'eau en direction du tambour dans une direction sensiblement radiale à celui-ci et il est prévu des moyens de création d'une dépression à l'intérieur du tambour, qui permettent d'en évacuer l'air et l'eau.
Cette machine permet d'obtenir des non tissés à motifs. Mais ces non tissés ont beaucoup de pilosité et perdent l'aspect sensiblement plat que l'on recherche.
L'invention remédie à cet inconvénient par une machine qui permet d'obtenir des produits à motifs, dont la pilosité est faible et n'est pas apparente et qui conserve un aspect sensiblement plat des motifs. Ces machines peuvent être utilisés aussi pour produire des produits tissés ou tricotés à motifs en fibres naturelles, synthétiques ou artificielles.
Suivant l'invention, une gaine ajourée est enfilée sur le manchon et a des ajours dont au moins une dimension est supérieure à 2 mm.
D'une manière surprenante, cela permet de supprimer pratiquement la pilosité du non tissé à motifs et en rend la surface des motifs sensiblement plane.
De préférence, au moins une dimension des ajours est supérieure à 2 mm ou mieux à 10 mm et, de préférence, au moins deux dimensions perpendiculaires entre elles des ajours sont supérieures à 2 mm.
On a obtenu de bons résultats lorsque la gaine a une épaisseur comprise entre 0,1 et 2,5 mm et, de préférence, entre 0,3 et 1,0 mm.
On préfère que le rapport de la surface des ajours à la surface latérale totale de la gaine soit compris entre 10 et 70 %.
De préférence, les ajours de la gaine sont séparés par des ponts de matière microperforés de trous ayant des diamètres compris entre 50 et 500 microns. On facilite ainsi le drainage de l'eau, ce qui est utile notamment lorsque les ponts ont une dimension, notamment une largeur, supérieure à 3 mm, pour qu'il ne se crée pas de défauts et des marques sur le non tissé.
La répartition des trous dans le manchon peut être aléatoire. Les trous peuvent aussi être ordonnés, en étant alignés ou en quinconce. Le manchon peut être constitué d'un tissu métallique ou en matière synthétique ou en un mélange de tissu métallique et de matière synthétique. On préfère que le diamètre des trous soit compris entre 200 et 800 microns.
Le manchon peut être notamment un tissu métallique ou un tissu synthétique.
Le tambour tournant fermé peut avoir un corps fixe et une surface latérale tournante en tôle perforée ou en nid d'abeille, ce qui permet d'augmenter la pression des jets et la cadence de production avec un liage meilleur. Le tambour peut être un cylindre de bronze Sandusky ayant des trous en hélice. Ce peut être aussi un tube en tôle perforée roulée revêtu d'un manchon de drainage en tissu métallique grossier qui assure une bonne uniformité de l'extraction de l'eau.
L'invention vise enfin un produit non tissé qui comprend des éléments filiformes enchevêtrés et dans lequel sont embossées des parties à motifs. Suivant l'invention, les extrémités libres des filaments filiformes font saillie des parties à motifs d'une distance inférieure à 2 mm et, de préférence, inférieure à 1,5 et le nombre d'extrémités libres qui font ainsi saillie est inférieure à 10/5mm2, de préférence à 5, et mieux encore à 3. On peut déterminer ladite distance et ledit nombre de la manière suivante : on observe à l'aide d'une loupe ayant un grossissement de 8 fois.
La face supérieure des parties en saillie est sensiblement plane, à la différence des non tissés à motifs antérieurs dans lesquels ces parties étaient nettement bombées, outre le fait qu'elles avaient une grande pilosité. On peut mesurer la planéité de la manière suivante : On peut mesurer la planéité de la manière suivante : Le non-tissé est testé avec un appareil de mesure d'épaisseur de non-tissés tel que recommandé par la norme EDANA ERT 30.5-99. Les faces bombées des parties en saillie sont placées face au pied mobile de l'appareil. Lorsque le pied mobile arrive en contact avec la partie bombée, la première valeur d'épaisseur est enregistrée. Lorsque le pied mobile continue sa descente et arrive au niveau le plus bas de la surface de la partie bombée, une deuxième valeur d'épaisseur est lue sur l'appareil. La différence entre ces deux valeurs correspond à la planéité des parties en relief. Plus cette différence est faible et meilleure est la planéité. Suivant l'invention, la planéité des parties en saillie est comprise entre 0,1 et 1,5 mm et, de préférence, inférieure à 1 mm.
On obtient de bons résultats lorsque les parties en saillie ont chacune au moins une dimension supérieure à 2 mm et, de préférence, ont deux dimensions perpendiculaires entre elles supérieures à 2,5 mm et lorsque les intervalles entre deux parties en saillie voisines est compris entre 0,5 et 10, les parties en saillie peuvent être circulaires, ovales ou polygonales, mais aussi avoir n'importe quelle forme en logo.
Les non tissés peuvent être constitués de fibres naturelles ou artificielles ou synthétiques. Les non tissés sont généralement obtenus par la technique dite de cardage ou aérodynamique, ils peuvent aussi être constitués de filaments continus thermoplastiques obtenus par la technique dite spunbond voire des meltblowns. Les non tissés peuvent aussi être obtenus par la technique dite voie humide, ils peuvent aussi être obtenus par la combinaison de plusieurs procédés comme par exemple spunbond + voiles cardés, spunbond + fibres natures liées par voie aérodynamique « airlaid ». De bons résultats ont été obtenus avec des non tissés de 30 à 150 g/m2 à base de viscose, de mélanges viscose/polyester et de coton. Mais cette liste n'est pas limitative. Les épaisseurs des non tissés y compris les motifs en saillie sont généralement comprises entre 0,5 mm et 2,5 mm et la surélévation des parties en saillie est comprise entre 0,3 et 2,0. On mesure l'épaisseur et la surélévation de la manière suivante : On mesure l'épaisseur en plaçant le non-tissé dans un appareil de mesure d'épaisseur de non-tissés tel que recommandé par la norme EDANA ERT 30.5-99. La surélévation est mesurées avec une loupe de grossissement 8 fois et à graduations micrométrique.
Généralement le non tissé a subi un premier traitement de liaison sur une machine habituelle pour la liaison de non tissés par jets d'eau et immédiatement après est transféré en continu sur le dispositif faisant l'objet de l'invention. Ce traitement préalable n'est pas à effectuer pour les produits tissés et tricotés.
Pour la réalisation du traitement visant à réaliser les motifs, les jets ont un diamètre compris entre 80 et 170 microns et, de préférence, compris entre 100 et 140 microns. Le nombre de jets par mètre est compris entre 1000 et 5000 et, de préférence, entre 1500 et 4000. La pression d'eau dans les injecteurs est comprise entre 10 et 400 bars et, de préférence, entre 80 et 250 bars. En général, la dépression dans le tambour est comprise entre - 20 mbars (millibars) et -200 mbars et le tambour est entraíné à une vitesse comprise entre 1 et 400m/min.
Aux dessins annexés, donnés uniquement à titre d'exemple :
la figure 1 est une vue en perspective avec arrachement d'une machine suivant l'invention,
la figure 1a est une vue à plus grande échelle d'une partie de la gaine ajourée de la machine,
la figure 2 est une vue schématique d'une installation incorporant la machine suivant l'invention,
les figures 2a et 2b sont des vues à plus grande échelle de deux parties de l'installation de la figure 2,
la figure 2c est une vue correspondant à la figure 2b d'une machine antérieure,
la figure 3 est une vue en plan schématique d'un non tissé suivant l'invention, et
la figure 4 est une vue en coupe schématique correspondant à la figure 3.
La machine représentée schématiquement à la figure 1 comprend un tambour 1 intérieur composé d'un corps fixe et d'une tôle formant la surface latérale. La surface latérale est entraínée en rotation par un dispositif 2 d'entraínement à courroie 3. La surface latérale est perforée de perforations d'un diamètre de 10 mm. Le rapport (taux de vide) de la somme des superficies des perforations à la superficie totale de la surface latérale est de -70%. Ce tambour 1 est entouré d'un manchon 4 enfilé sur le tambour. Le manchon est troué. Le rapport de la somme des superficies des trous à la superficie de la surface latérale totale est de 10%. Les trous ont un diamètre de 0,30 mm.
Le manchon 4 est entouré à son tour d'une gaine 5 ajourée que l'on voit mieux à la figure 1a. Les ajours 6 sont de forme hexagonale, leur plus grande dimension est de 10 mm. L'intérieur du tambour 1 communique avec un tuyau 7 d'extraction de l'air et de l'eau. Deux injecteurs 8 et 9 envoient respectivement des jets d'eau en direction de la gaine 5.
La gaine 5 est en acier inoxydable, en laiton ou en nickel, voire en matière plastique. Les ajours 6 sont découpés par la technique dite de poinçonnage ou encore par découpe laser ou encore par découpe jet d'eau. Il est aussi possible d'obtenir les ajours 6 par la technique dite par électrodéposition de nickel couramment employée pour la fabrication de cylindres de sérigraphie. Il est aussi possible d'utiliser des matières plastiques ou des élastomères découpés par laser ou d'autres techniques. La gaine a une épaisseur comprise entre 0,1 et 2 mm et, de préférence, comprise entre 0,3 et 1 mm.
Le tambour 1 a un taux de vide compris entre 5 et 75% et, de préférence, entre 10 et 50%. Le tambour 1 a un diamètre de 520 mm environ.
Le manchon 4 est, de préférence, en nickel et est obtenu par électrodéposition de nickel. Il est microperforé de trous de diamètre allant de 50 à 500 microns et, de préférence, compris entre 200 et 400 microns. Il a une épaisseur comprise entre 0,1 et 0,6 mm et, de préférence, comprise entre 0,2 et 0,4 mm.
A la figure 3, les motifs en saillie sont hexagonaux. Les ajours sont délimités par des parties pleines ou ponts de matières. Ces ponts sont perforés de trous d'un diamètre compris entre 100 et 300 microns. A la figure 4 on désigne par e l'épaisseur totale du non tissé, par h la surélévation des motifs et par I la longueur des poils, mesurée perpendiculairement au non tissé.
Les exemples suivants illustrent l'invention.
Exemple 1 : Figures 2, 2a et 2b
On réalise un produit conforme à l'invention de la manière suivante. Une nappe d'environ 65 g/m2 composée de 100% de fibres de viscose de 1,7 dtex et de 40 mm est produite à une vitesse de 60 m/min. par une carde de type carde pour non tissés. Cette nappe est transportée par un tapis de convoyage sur une unité de liage hydraulique du type commercialisé sous la dénomination "Jetlace 3000" adaptée pour la mise en oeuvre du procédé conforme à l'invention. La nappe est compactée entre le convoyeur de transport et un premier cylindre de liage revêtu d'une enveloppe micro-perforée, les trous étant disposés de manière aléatoire, tel que décrit dans le brevet français n° 2 734 285. Lors du compactage, le voile est mouillé par l'intermédiaire de l'injecteur situé derrière le convoyeur de transport, juste après le point de compactage, injecteur qui est disposé perpendiculairement à la génératrice du cylindre. Cet injecteur est équipé d'une plaque perforée de trous de 140 microns distants les uns des autres d'une distance de 1 mm et fonctionnant à une pression de 15 bars. Le voile ainsi compacté et mouillé légèrement prélié est alors soumis à l'action de deux injecteurs hydrauliques successifs projetant des jets d'eau de 120 microns de diamètre à des vitesses croissantes de 100 et 125 m/seconde. Les jets d'eau étant espacés les uns des autres de 0,6 mm. Après traitement de liage, le voile lié subit un traitement conforme à l'invention en le faisant passer sur le tambour 1 rotatif ayant le manchon 4 et la gaine 5 : la gaine 5 présente des ajours hexagonaux de 12 mm et une épaisseur de 0,8 mm et un taux de vide (rapport de la somme des superficies des ajours à la superficie totale de la surface latérale) de 50%. Elle est ajustée sur le manchon 4 microperforé dont les trous ont un diamètre de 300 microns et une densité de trous de 100 trous par centimètre carré. Ce manchon microperforé a une épaisseur de 0,35 mm. Le voile fibreux préalablement consolidé sur le cylindre précédent est soumis à l'action de deux injecteurs successifs délivrant des jets de 120 microns de diamètre à une vitesse de 150 m/seconde, les jets étant espacés les uns des autres de 0,6 mm. Les perforations du tambour ont un diamètre de 10 mm. Le rapport de la somme des superficies des perforations à la superficie totale de la surface latérale est de 70%. Le voile est ensuite transféré sur un tapis aspirant connecté à un générateur de vide, puis séché à la température de 150°C dans un four à air traversant puis enroulé sous forme d'une bobine. On obtient un non tissé pesant environ 60 g/m2 présentant un motif hexagonal d'une bonne définition du motif hexagonal et dont les parties en saillie (motifs) sont exemptes de pilosité ou de fibres hérissées comme représenté aux figures 3 et 4. L'intervalle entre deux motifs voisins est de 3 mm. Le non tissé a une épaisseur de 0,7 mm et les motifs sont surélévés de 0,5 mm. Une observation à la loupe de cinq motifs pris au hasard montre que le nombre de poil par 5 mm2 est inférieur à 4 dans chaque motif et que la longueur des quelques poils qui apparaissent, décomptée à partir du niveau de la face supérieure du motif est inférieure à 1,5 mm.
Exemple 2 :
Les conditions de traitement sont les mêmes que celles données dans l'exemple 1. On réalise un produit constitué par un mélange de fibres de viscose et de polyester 70/30. Les fibres ont un titre de 1,7 dtex et une longueur de 40 mm. La nappe formée pèse, à la sortie de la carde environ 65 g/m2 et après traitement environ 60 g/m2. Elle présente un motif hexagonal de bonne définition et dont les parties en relief sont exemptes de pilosité comme à l'exemple 1.
Exemple comparatif : Figure 2c :
On réalise les mêmes exemples que précédemment, mais le deuxième tambour rotatif est modifié en enlevant le manchon microperforé placé à l'intérieur de la gaine ajourée. Les produits ainsi obtenus présentent un motif de mauvaise définition et dont les parties en saillie présentent une forte pilosité et de nombreuses fibres hérissées dans le cas du non tissé en viscose et dans le cas du mélange viscose/polyester. De nombreuses fibres (15/5 mm2) sont dressées à la surface des parties en saillie et de plus ces fibres sont facilement arrachées de la surface et certaines ont une longueur de 10 mm.
Exemple 3 "Produit textile"
Un tissu de coton de 100 g/m2 subit un traitement sur un ensemble conforme à l'invention et identique à celui des exemples 1 et 2. A une vitesse de 5 m/minute, il est soumis à l'action de deux injecteurs successifs délivrants des jets de 120 microns de diamètre à une vitesse de 243 m/seconde, les jets étant espacés les uns des autres de 0,6 mm. Le tissu est ensuite séché dans un four à air traversant à une température de 100°C. Le tissu présente un motif hexagonal en relief et exempt de pilosité.

Claims (11)

  1. Machine de production d'un produit textile à motifs, comprenant un tambour (1) à surface latérale perforée et entraínée en rotation par rapport à son axe, un manchon (4) troué enfilé sur le tambour (1), et ayant un rapport de la somme des superficies des trous à la superfice de sa surface latérale totale compris entre 5 et 75% et, de préférence, entre 7 et 50 et un diamètre des trous non supérieur à 1 mm, un dispositif (8, 9) de projection de jets d'eau en direction du tambour (1) dans une direction sensiblement radiale à celui-ci et des moyens (7) de création d'une dépression à l'intérieur du tambour (1), caractérisée en ce qu'une gaine (5) ajourée est enfilée sur le manchon (4) et a des ajours (6) dont au moins une dimension est supérieure à 2 mm.
  2. Machine suivant la revendication 1, caractérisée en ce qu'au moins une dimension des ajours (6) est supérieure à 10 mm.
  3. Machine suivant la revendication 1 ou 2, caractérisée en ce que la gaine (5) a une épaisseur comprise entre 0,1 et 2,5 mm.
  4. Machine suivant l'une des revendications 1 à 3, caractérisée en ce que le rapport de la somme des superficies des ajours à la superficie de la surface latérale totale de la gaine (5) est compris entre 10 et 70 %.
  5. Machine suivant l'une la revendication 1, 2, 3 ou 4, caractérisée en ce que les ajours (6) sont séparés par des ponts de matière microperforés de trous d'un diamètre compris entre 50 et 500 microns.
  6. Machine suivant l'une des revendications 1 à 5, caractérisée en ce que le diamètre des trous du manchon (4) est compris entre 200 et 800 µm.
  7. Non tissé pouvant être produit par la machine suivant l'une des revendications 1 à 6 qui comprend des éléments filiformes enchevêtrés et dans lequel sont embossées des parties à motifs, caractérisé en ce que les extrémités libres des filaments filiformes font saillie des parties à motifs sur une longueur inférieure à 1 mm et le nombre de ces extrémités est inférieur à 10/5 mm2.
  8. Non tissé suivant la revendication 7, caractérisé en ce que la face supérieure des parties en saillie est sensiblement plane.
  9. Non tissé suivant la revendication 7 ou 8, caractérisé en ce que chaque partie en saillie a au moins une dimension supérieure à 2 mm.
  10. Non tissé suivant la revendication 7, 8 ou 9, caractérisé en ce que la surélévation des parties en saillie est comprise entre 0,3 et 2,0 mm.
  11. Non tissé suivant l'une des revendications 7 à 10, caractérisé en ce que l'épaisseur du non tissé, y compris les motifs en saillie, est comprise entre 0,5 et 2,5 mm.
EP03290013A 2002-01-15 2003-01-03 Machine de production d'un produit textile à motifs et produit non tissé ainsi obtenu Expired - Lifetime EP1327712B1 (fr)

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FR0200419A FR2834725B1 (fr) 2002-01-15 2002-01-15 Machine de production d'un produit textile a motifs et produit non tisse ainsi obtenu
FR0200419 2002-01-15

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AT (1) ATE294270T1 (fr)
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FR2834725A1 (fr) 2003-07-18
FR2834725B1 (fr) 2004-06-11
US6865784B2 (en) 2005-03-15
DE60300540D1 (de) 2005-06-02
US7758945B2 (en) 2010-07-20
US20050095403A1 (en) 2005-05-05
ATE294270T1 (de) 2005-05-15
EP1327712A1 (fr) 2003-07-16
IL153944A0 (en) 2003-07-31
ES2238067T3 (es) 2005-08-16
IL153944A (en) 2008-07-08
US20030131454A1 (en) 2003-07-17
DE60300540T2 (de) 2005-11-10
DE60300540T4 (de) 2008-02-14

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