EP1327034A1

EP1327034A1 - Modular building elements system for erecting buildings

Info

Publication number: EP1327034A1
Application number: EP01978544A
Authority: EP
Inventors: Silvestro Scarpa; Maria Bruno De Martino
Original assignee: Bruno de Martino Maria
Current assignee: BRUNO DE MARTINO, MARIA; Scarpa Silvestro
Priority date: 2000-10-20
Filing date: 2001-10-17
Publication date: 2003-07-16
Also published as: FR2815654A1; AU2002210650A1; FR2815654B1; WO2002035028A1

Abstract

The invention concerns a system of modular building elements for erecting a building (100) comprising at least a lower beam (1), an upper beam (7), a post (10) and a panel (60) for forming a wall (160). The inventive system is characterised in that the lower beam (1) is provided with a longitudinal groove adapted to receive the lower edge (161) of said wall (160), the upper beam (7) is provided with a longitudinal groove adapted to receive the upper edge (164) of said wall (160), the post (10) is provided with at least a longitudinal groove (11, 12) adapted to receive a lateral edge (162, 163) of said wall (160). Said post (10) further comprises at least at one end at least a linking element (14) adapted to be received in at least a longitudinal groove of at least a beam (7).

Description

DESCRIPTION

SYSTEM OF MODULAR CONSTRUCTION ELEMENTS FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF A BUILDING

The present invention relates to a system of modular building elements for the manufacture of a building.

The novelty of it lies in the fact that one can, in a simple, fast and efficient way, build all kinds of habitable and tertiary buildings. The construction system according to the invention is of the type comprising, at least, a lower beam, an upper beam, a post and a panel for the formation of a wall.

It is essentially characterized; in that the lower beam is provided with a longitudinal groove capable of accommodating the lower edge of the panels of said wall, the upper beam is provided with a longitudinal groove capable of accommodating the upper edge of said panels, the post is provided with at least one longitudinal groove capable of accommodating the lateral edge of said panels, said post also having at least, at one end, a connecting element capable of being housed in at least one longitudinal groove of at least one beam; in that said panel has the side walls notched in a "zigzag" with rounded edges and over which the glue extends to join it to another panel to form a wall of the desired width; in that a plate of said panel has an outgoing strip from a side wall and an angular notch close to an opposite side wall capable of accommodating the outgoing strip from an adjacent panel.

According to alternative embodiments of the invention:

- the posts have connecting elements in the upper part and in the lower part of the wooden or metal tenon type having the appropriate shape for the application;

- the posts have two, three, or four orthogonal longitudinal grooves; - the beams and the posts are made of strips of solid wood glued and pressed;

- the panels are formed from at least three wooden plates glued to each other and pressed;

- The panels include, in addition, a plate of insulating material and at least a fourth wooden plate, the different plates being glued together and pressed.

The system of building elements according to the invention has the advantage of implementing a reduced number of modular elements which allow the realization of a very varied number of buildings, going from the single storey house, to the chalets , garden or industrial sheds, garages, etc. The assembly of said elements can be carried out very quickly and does not require any specific qualification.

In addition, the original project can be modified during execution.

The characteristics and advantages of the invention will appear more clearly on reading the following detailed description of at least one preferred embodiment of the latter given by way of non-limiting example and shown in the accompanying drawings. In these drawings:

- Figure 1 is a side view of a lower beam of the construction system; - Figure 2 is a side view of an upper beam of this system;

- Figure 3 is a top view of a post of this system;

- Figure 4 is a front view of the post of Figure 3;

- Figures 5, 6, 7 are top views of the variants of the post of Figure 3;

- Figure 8 is a schematic representation of a panel of this system; - Figures 9, 10, 11, 12 and 13 show variants of the panel of Figure 8;

- Figure 14 is a partial perspective view of the panel of Figure 9;

- Figure 15 is a top view of 2 nested panels ready to be united;

- Figure 16 is a perspective view of a building during manufacture produced with this system; - Figure 17 is a plan view of a building produced with this system;

- Figure 18 shows, on an enlarged scale, a junction between a lower beam and the foundation platform of a building;

- Figure 19 is an exploded view of the uprights and sleepers used to form a fixed frame of a window of a building; - Figure 20 is a partial perspective view of a window during assembly.

In Figure 1 is shown a lower beam (1) formed of four strips of solid wood (la, lb, le, ld) glued with a suitable glue. After being glued, the strips are pressed. The beam (1) has a longitudinal groove (2) and a groove (3) which is located below the groove (2) and which communicates with it. The groove (2) has a width such that it can accommodate the lower edge of an external wall of a building, as illustrated below. The groove (3) is used to house a screw (4) joined to a stud (5) for fixing the beam (1) to a foundation platform (6) (Figure 18) so that the screw ( 4) stay at the right distance from the wall of the building and cannot damage it even in the event of rust. In Figure 2 is shown an upper beam (7) formed of four strips (7a, 7b, 7c, 7d) glued and pressed. The beam (7) has a longitudinal groove (8) of a width such that it can accommodate the upper edge of an external wall of a building as illustrated below. In Figure 3 is shown a corner post (10) formed of four strips of solid wood (10a, 10b, 10c, 10d) glued and pressed. The post (10) is provided with two longitudinal grooves (11) and (12) of a width such that they can accommodate the lateral edge of an external wall of a building. The post (10) supports two external or internal orthogonal walls, as illustrated below. The post (10) is provided, at each upper and lower end (13) and (15), with a connecting element (14) and (16) FIG. 4. Each connecting element (14) or (16) is formed of a tenon, in particular cubic of different dimensions so that the tenon (14) or (16) penetrates into a longitudinal groove of an upper or lower beam, and is embedded in the groove as illustrated below . The post (10) has blunt corners.

In Figure 5 is shown a post (20) formed of 4 strips of solid wood (20a, 20b, 20c, 20d) glued and pressed. The post (20) is provided with two longitudinal grooves (21) and (22) whose axes form an angle of 180 °. This is why each groove (21) or (22) has a width such that it can accommodate the lateral edge of an external or internal wall of a building. The post (20) supports two external or internal linear walls. The post (20) is provided, at an upper end (23), with a connecting element (24) formed by a parallelepiped pin having different heights so that the pin (24) penetrates into the longitudinal groove d 'an upper beam and fits into said groove. The post (20) is provided, at the lower end, with a stud (not shown) having the same shape and the same dimension as that of the stud (24).

In Figure 6 is shown a post (30) formed of 4 strips of solid wood (30a, 30b, 30c, 30d) glued and pressed. The post (30) is provided with three longitudinal grooves (31) (32) and (33), two forming by their median axes an angle of 180 °, and the other axis forming an angle of 90 ° relative to the other two . Each groove (31, 32, 33) has a width such that it can accommodate the lateral edge of an external or internal wall of a building. The post (30) supports two aligned walls and one wall orthogonal to the other two. The post (30) is provided, at an upper end (34), with an interlocking element (35) formed of a parallelepiped stud having a shape and a height such that it penetrates into a longitudinal groove of an upper beam and assembles with the groove. The post (30) is provided, at a lower end, with a tenon, not visible, having a shape, dimensions and a function similar to the tenon (35). In Figure 7 is shown a post (40) formed of 4 strips of solid wood (40a, 40b, 40c, 40d) glued and pressed. The post (40) is provided with four longitudinal grooves (41), (42), (43) and (44) of width capable of accommodating the lateral edge of an external or internal wall of a building. The post (40) supports two pairs of walls aligned and orthogonal to each other. The post (40) is provided, at an upper end (45), with a connecting element (46) formed by a parallelepiped pin having a different shape and height so that the pin enters a longitudinal groove d 'an upper beam and fits with the groove. The post (40) is provided, at the lower end, with a stud (not shown) of shape, dimensions, and function similar to the studs (46). In Figure 8 is shown a panel (50) formed of three solid wood plates (50a, 50b, 50c) glued. After gluing, the plates press each plate at the wood grain oblique respectively to the adjacent and inclined plate and respectively to the adjacent plate at an angle of 90 ° to increase the resistance of the panel. In particular, the plates (50a) and (50c) have the substantially vertical veins, while the plate (50b) has the substantially horizontal veins.

In Figure 9 is shown a panel (60) formed of three solid wood plates (60a, 60b, 60c) glued together and a plate of insulating material (60d) glued to the plate (60c) and a plate of solid wood cover (60th) glued to the plate (60d). After being glued, the plates are pressed. Each of the three plates (60a, 60b, 60c) have the grain of the wood which intersects with the adjacent plate thus forming an angle of approximately 90 ° in order to increase the resistance of the panel.

In Figure 10 is shown a panel (70) formed of five plates (70a, 70b, 70c, 70d, 70e) similar to the panel of Figure 9 with a plaster coating (70f). In Figure 11 is shown a panel (80) formed of five plates (80a, 80b, 80c, 80d, 80e), similar to the panel of Figure 9 and a sixth cladding wooden plate (80f).

In Figure 12 is shown a panel (90) formed of three solid wood plates (90a, 90b, 90c) glued to a covering formed by a strip of wood (90d) mounted inclined on the plate (90c) by their edges bevelled from a bevelled corner of wood (90th). In Figure 13 is shown a panel (110) formed of six solid wood plates (110a, 110b, 110c, 110e, IlOf, 110g) glued three by three to a plate of insulating material (HOd) glued between the plate (110c ) and the plate (110e). As shown in Figures 14 and 15, the panel (60) has two side walls (61) and (62) cut in a "zigzag" with rounded edges and provided with inclined edges to hide the junction between the two panels. On the "zigzag" walls, the glue extends to unite the adjacent panels (60) and thus form a wall (160) of the desired width. The "zigzag" shape of the side walls (61) and (62) is used to fix the reciprocal position between the panels, to increase the area over which the glue extends, and to improve the resistance of the junction between the panels for the nesting action. The plate (60) has a protruding strip (63) from the side wall (61) which enters a notch (64) formed near the opposite side wall (62). The protruding edge and the associated angular notch serve to join two panels together and prevent water from entering the junction.

The two plates (60a) and (60c) of the panels (60), or (70a) and (70c) of the panel (70) or (80a) and (80c) of the panel (80), or (110a) and (110c ) or (110e) and (110g) of the panel (110) can be made of plywood or solid wood. In Figure 16 is shown a building (100) under construction on the land where it is to be built, on a foundation excavation in which is built a platform (6) (Figure 18) of reinforced concrete of different dimensions . On the platform (6) is added an insulating plate (71).

We then proceed by positioning a lower beam (1) along the perimeter of the building (Figure 17) and fixing this beam to the platform (6) with screws (4) and studs (5) at distances chosen less than 1 m.

In the groove (2) you can spread glue, then a first corner post (10) comes to rest at one end of the beam (1) fitting its lower stud (16) in the groove (2) of the beam. Successively, in the groove (2), are mounted and fitted a lower edge (161) of the outer wall (160) until one of its lateral edges (162) coincides in the groove (11) of the post (10) . The wall (160) is then fixed to the beam (1) with screws (25) at calculated distances less than 1 m (Figure 18). Then a second corner post (10) is mounted (fitted) at the other end of the lower beam (1) fitting the lower stud (16) into the groove (2) and a side edge (163) of the wall (160) in the groove (11). At this stage, an upper beam (7) fits into its groove (8), an upper edge (164) of the wall (160) and the upper studs (14) of the two posts (10). The lower or upper post of a post is inserted into the groove of the two beams joined at an angle, thus forming a wall portion. Even the upper beam (7) is screwed to the wall (160) in the groove (8) in which glue can be spread there. Beams aligned or joined at an angle can thus be glued to each other. However, the junctions between the beams must be offset while respecting the junction of the panels of a wall. In the same way are mounted the other external walls (160), and the internal division walls of the building (100) also using the posts (20), (30) and (40). At this stage, on the upper beams (7) of two opposite walls are nested the beams which serve to support a roof and an upper floor. An outer wall (160) of the building (100) has an opening (72) for a window and another outer wall (160) has an opening (82) for a door. In Figures (19) and (20) are shown the covers (51) and the crosspieces (52) and (152) capable of forming the cornice of a window in an opening (72) of a wall (160). Each crosspiece (52) or (152) has a longitudinal edge provided with a groove (56) capable of accommodating a horizontal edge of an opening (72) and a notch (65) for a window cover. The lower crosspiece (152) has a rounded edge and is mounted slightly inclined to promote the flow of rainwater. The crosspiece (152) has a groove (170) on a bottom wall to prevent water from reaching the wall (160). The upright (51) has a longitudinal edge provided with a groove (53) capable of accommodating the vertical edge of an opening (72) and has a notch for the frame of a window. The upright (51) has transverse grooves (54) and (55) capable of accommodating a transverse edge (58) or (59) of the crosspiece (52) or (152). The uprights (51) and the crosspiece (52, 152) are formed from strips of solid wood.

The window cornice is assembled by fitting together, two uprights (51) and two crosspieces (52) fixing them reciprocally with screws (57). Then the cornice is mounted in half on the opening (72) recovered in a first panel and mounted in the other half of the opening (72) thus recovering a second panel which joins the first panel which is then glued to this one (figure 16).

In the same way, one proceeds to form the fixed cover of a door in the opening (82). So that, in the embodiment of the invention illustrated above, the post assembly elements are formed of tenons having rectangular (parallelepipedic) or square (cubic) sections which are suitable for each type of post. Those skilled in the art will have no difficulty in understanding that the tenon section can also have other shapes such as, for example, the single or double "L" shape, formed in a cross or similar manner to form tenons. with two, three or four sockets, and depending on the number of beams you want to connect to the posts.

Claims

1 - System of modular building elements for the manufacture of a building of the kind comprising at least a lower beam (1), an upper beam (7), a post (10, 20, 30, 40) and a panel ( 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, 110) for the formation of a wall (160); characterized: in that the lower beam (1) is provided with a longitudinal groove (2) able to accommodate the lower edge (161) of the wall panels (160), the upper beam (7) is provided with a groove longitudinal (8) able to accommodate the upper edge (164) of the panels of said wall (160), the post (10, 20, 30, 40) is provided with at least one longitudinal groove (11, 12, 21, 22, 31, 32, 33, 41, 42, 43, 44) capable of accommodating the lateral edge (162, 163) of the panels of said wall (160), said post (10, 20, 30, 40) also having at least, at one end (15,13), a connecting element (16, 14, 24, 35, 46) capable of being housed in at least one longitudinal groove (2,8) of at least one beam (1.7); in that the panel (50, 60, 70, 80, 90, 110) has the side walls (61, 62) notched in a "zigzag" with rounded edges and on which the glue extends to join it to a another panel (50, 60, 70, 80, 90, 110) to form a wall (160) of the desired width; in that a plate (50c, 60e, 70e, 80e, 110g) of the panel (50, 60, 70, 80, 110) has an outgoing strip (63) from a side wall (61) and an angular notch ( 64) close to an opposite side wall (62) capable of accommodating the outgoing strip (63) of an adjacent panel (50, 60, 70, 80, 110).

2 - System according to claim 1, characterized in that the post (10, 20, 30, 40) has, at each end (15, 13) lower and upper, a connecting element (16, 14, 24, 35 , 46) able to be associated with at least one longitudinal groove (2,8) of at least one upper beam (7).

3 - System according to claims 1 and 2, characterized in that the interlocking elements (16, 14, 24, 35, 46) of the post (10, 20, 30, 40) are formed of a tenon having a appropriate form.

4 - System according to claim 3, characterized in that the interlocking post (16, 14, 24, 35, 46) has a parallelepiped shape.

5 - System according to claims 1 and 2, characterized in that the longitudinal groove (2) of the lower beam (1) is adapted to accommodate the lower edge (161) of the wall (160); the longitudinal groove (8) of the upper beam (7) is able to accommodate the upper edge (164) of the wall (160); said longitudinal groove (11, 12, 21, 22, 31, 32, 33, 41, 42, 43, 44) of the post (10, 20, 30, 40) is capable of accommodating the edge lateral (162, 163) of the wall (160), and the connecting element (16, 14, 24, 35, 46) of the post (10, 20, 30, 40) is able to be housed in the longitudinal groove (2, 8) of the beam (1, 7).

6 - System according to claims 1 and 5, characterized in that the post (10) is provided with two longitudinal grooves (11, 12) having a median axis forming an angle of 90 °.

7 - System according to claims 1 and 5, characterized in that the post (20) is provided with two longitudinal grooves (21,22) having a median axis forming an angle of 180 °. 8 - System according to claims 1 and 5, characterized in that the post

(30) is provided with three grooves (31, 32, 33), two of them having a median axis forming an angle of 180 ° and the third having a median axis forming an angle of 90 ° relative to the other two axes .

9 - System according to claims 1 and 5, characterized in that the post (40) is provided with four longitudinal grooves (41, 42, 43, 44) having a median axis forming an angle of 90 °.

10 - System according to claim 1, characterized in that the lower beam (1) is provided with a longitudinal notch (3) located below the groove (2) and communicating with it, said longitudinal notch (3) being able to accommodate a screw (4) with a stud (5) for fixing the lower beam (1) to the foundations (6) of the building (100).

11 - System according to claim 1, characterized in that at least one of the beams (1, 7) and one of the posts (10, 20, 30, 40) have strips of solid wood glued and pressed. 12 - System according to claim 1, characterized in that the panel (50) is formed of at least three wooden plates (50a, 50b, 50c), an internal, a central and an external, glued to each other and pressed.

13 - System according to claim 1, characterized in that the panel (60, 70, 80) is formed of at least three wooden plates (60a, 60b, 60c; 70a, 70b, 70c; 80a, 80b, 80c ), a plate of insulating material (60d, 70d, 80d) and at least a fourth wooden plate (60e, 70e, 80e), said plates being glued to each other and pressed.

14 - System according to claim 1, characterized in that the panel (90) is formed of three solid wood plates (90a, 90b, 90c) glued to a covering formed by a strip of wood (90d) mounted inclined on the plate (90c) by their bevelled edges from a bevelled corner of wood (90e). 15 - System according to claim 1, characterized in that the panel (110) is formed of six solid wood plates (110a, 110b, 110c, 110e, IlOf, 110g) glued three by three and a material plate insulator (HOd) bonded between two (110c, 110e) of said plates. 16 - System according to any one of claims from 12 to 15, characterized in that the three plates (50a, 50b, 50c; 60a, 60b, 60c; 70a, 70b, 70c; 80a, 80b, 80c; 90a, 90b, 90c; 110a, 110b, 110c, 110e, IlOf, 110g) are made of solid wood and in that each plate has the wood grain arranged obliquely to those of the adjacent plate and inclined so as to form an angle of 90 ° to increase the resistance of the panel using the inverted wood fiber technique.

17 - System according to claim 13, characterized in that the fourth plate (60th, 70th, 80th) is made of solid wood.

18 - System according to any one of claims 12 and 13, characterized in that two of the three plates (60a, 60c; 70a, 70c; 80a, 80c) are made of plywood. 19 - System according to claim 1, characterized in that it must include at least one upright (51) and a crosspiece (52, 152) capable of forming a cornice of a door or a window, a opening (72, 82), of a wall (160); said crosspiece (52, 152) having a longitudinal edge provided with a groove (56) able to be mounted on a horizontal edge of said opening (72) and having a notch (65) for the window panel, said upright ( 51) having a longitudinal edge provided with a groove (53) capable of being mounted on the vertical edge of this opening (72) and having a notch (66) for the cover of this window, said upright (51) having, in in addition, transverse grooves (54) and (55) capable of accommodating a transverse edge (58) or (59) of the cross member of a cross member (52) or (152). 20 - System according to claim 19, characterized in that the grooves (53,

56) of the upright (51) and of the crosspiece (52) are able to be mounted on the edges of the opening (72).

21 - System according to claim 19, characterized in that at least one upright (51) and a crosspiece (52) are made of solid wood formed from glued and pressed strips of wood.