EP1323876A1 - Panel, spacer and trusslike beam therefor, building and method of construction - Google Patents

Abstract

The board-shaped assembly part (40) consists of two parallel, spaced cover plates (7,8). The cover plates are connected to each other by connecting elements which are parallel to the cover plates and are placed between them. The connecting elements are formed by longitudinal metal spacers (10,20,30) and have the required cross-section for the transmission of forces which are active between the cover plates. There are block-type elements which are formed by continuous grooves over parts of the width of the cover plates. <??>An Independent claim is also included for the method of construction of the building.

Description

The invention relates to a tabular component the preamble of claim 1, a spacer according to the Preamble of claim 19, a pair of ribs carrier according to Preamble of claim 28, a building according to the preamble of Claim 29 and a method for its establishment after Preamble of claim 31.

Components from cross-spaced cover plates, the spacers together to form a kind of sandwich system are well known. From CH-PS 270 480 For example, a component consists of at least two at a distance arranged and connected by crossbars panels with both the panels and the crossbars at least partly from a plate-shaped one made from vegetable substances Material should consist.

DE 199 57 080 A1 shows cover plates, between which lateral ones Spacer-like rafters are arranged are that connect the cover plates. In the free spaces there is insulation material between the bars.

From WO 97/39204 a building module for the creation of flat surfaces Constructions, particularly those of walls, in which between the cover slabs are wooden layers on top of each other are arranged that connect the cover plates. The module has one elongated shape. At the two longitudinal edges are complementary Connecting elements are provided so that by joining such Modular walls can be obtained.

From a 2001 Trus Joist company publication goes a building system called "FrameWorks" (registered trademark) which ceilings and walls in turn from two distance there are mutually parallel cover plates, due to the cross-sectionally T-shaped webs made of plate material, e.g. OSB that are raffled in a lateral Distance are arranged.

The known components mentioned has in common that the Fasteners range from one cover plate to another and attack them directly, which facilitates heat transfer and so-called heat or cold bridges are favored.

It is also common to the known embodiments that the Connecting elements of the cover plates in the form of continuous Beams or webs cover the entire space between the cover plates bridge so that closed cassettes are formed, between which no transition is possible. That means that Introducing loose or soft insulation material between the Cover plates only in cassettes and before assembly the cover plates can happen.

In a first aspect, the invention is based on the object to create a component of the type in question, in which the heat transfer between the cover plates is reduced and the Filling with insulation between the cover plate is facilitated.

This object is achieved by a component according to claim 1 solved.

The connecting elements in bar form of the known components are replaced by the metallic spacers, which are only one low, not significantly hampering the introduction of insulation material Have cross-section, which is due to their metallic design is possible. The tensile and bending strength of a metallic component, which in practice will mostly consist of steel is essential higher than for a component made of wood, wood chip or similar Material. In this way, with small cross sections occurring forces are transmitted between the cover plates, the small cross sections at the same time for a low heat transfer through lines along the spacers.

In addition, the spacers are not directly on the Attack cover plate, but on at least one side with your maintain a distance there from the cover plate in question, by attaching to block-like, no elements forming thermal bridges are attached.

Basically, the invention has already been achieved, if only on a cover plate the block-like elements for the attack of the spacers are provided. However, the embodiment in is preferred which the block-like elements face each other on the mutually facing sides of both cover plates are present.

According to claim 2, the block-like elements by over essential parts of the width of the cover plate or its entire width continuous ribs must be formed.

These ribs are preferred because they stiffen the cover plates and make the component statically cheaper. Ribs that on one cover plate are attached, but should not extend to the other Cover plate enough, but leave a distance.

In principle, however, the block-like elements only need this to be as long as the spacer attachment requires (Claim 3).

It plays for the heat transfer between the cover plates no essential role, whether the connecting elements block or are equipped with ribs throughout because they are Differences parallel to the cover plates. For heat transfer between the cover plates there is a vertical one Direction, and from that point of view, if not the bracing one Effect of ribs is in the foreground, blocks are considered Sufficient support points of the spacers.

According to claim 4, a medium between the cover plates Zone remain that crosses only by the spacers and is free of other obstructions.

As a result, no closed cassettes are formed, but remains a continuous, at the locations of the ribs only constricted, fillable with loose or soft insulation material Isolation space inside the component.

According to claim 5 are in width and length of the components only a few spacers are provided. The "width" of the components will usually correspond to the usual floor height or the Span of common ceilings or rafters. The ribs run parallel to each other, especially in the vertical or the direction of fall of such a component.

Possible distances are the subject of the claim 6th

According to claim 7 can parallel to the ribs in this Width direction of a storey-high component on each rib e.g. a maximum of three spacers may be provided, e.g. on the one Level of the components parallel side two and on the opposite Side one.

In the other, i.e. in the horizontal direction can be adjacent Rib the usual rafter spacing - about 50 to 150 cm - Have a corresponding distance from each other (claim 8).

This is important for the stability of the component against shear forces Feature is the subject of claim 9. Accordingly, the elongated metallic spacers a first group in one Is at an angle to the cover plates, and form a second group, the opposite at an angle to the cover plates stands.

In this way there is stability against forces along the Ribs in both directions and through the two groups together opposite inclination also a stability perpendicular to the Surfaces of the component. Basically, the spacers can both on opposite sides parallel to the surface of the component Groups attacking sides of the ribs at different Places along the ribs, e.g. the spacers one side in the middle between two spacers the other side.

The stability perpendicular to the ribs can, however, according to Claim 10 can be improved in that spacers of the two Groups crossed to each other in pairs to the cover plates opposite sides of the ribs.

This arrangement creates resistance against Coupling forces parallel to the ribs not only on the bending strength of the individual spacers, but this resistance doubles through the arrangement in pairs.

One for the stability of the component along the ribs as well important feature is the subject of claim 11. The spacers therefore have attacks that affect each other facing end faces of the block-like elements or the ribs put on and when the shear strength of the nailing is exceeded the pivoting of the spacer in the direction parallel to the ribs, make it more difficult to reach the plane perpendicular to the cover plates.

According to claim 12, the components should be on the edges be open. This applies particularly to the edges in the direction of fall. hereby it is by fitting the components together accordingly possible one from one component to the neighboring to create a continuous uniform isolation space, which at Erection of the structure with at least two neighboring components can be filled in one go at the same time. So it's not more necessary, each component individually before or during construction to provide the building with insulation material, but it can for example with a floor-to-ceiling component and one on it adjoining inclined roof element, so with one already erected building, done in one because of the insulation material or the pipes or hoses for its introduction blowable insulation material or soft mats or pillows Insulation material from above through the entire interior of both adjacent components can be passed.

According to claim 13 each two ribs, each of which one of the ceiling tiles is assigned through the spacers too be connected to a pair of ribs, which is a separately producible and manageable component. An advantageous embodiment the invention according to claim 14 is that one of the A solid wood or wood-based panel from one of them to carry one corresponding to their horizontal extension Portion of a projectile load enabling thickness. Such an embodiment comes primarily, but not only for vertical wall parts of a building. The solid wood or wood-based panel is located here preferably on the side facing the interior of the building and serves as a brick wall to support a ceiling or the Roof truss. The ribs and are missing on the side of the thick cover plate engage the spacers directly on the cover plate. A with such a panel-shaped building has one higher solidity than if it were built with tabular elements would be that only as a cover plate on the side in question have a thin plate that is reinforced on the inside by the ribs is. According to claim 15, the wood or wood-based panel receives one sufficient stability if it is about 60 mm to 100 mm thick.

One possible embodiment provides that the Wood or wood-based panel is a multi-layer locked wood panel (Claim 16), which can be designed according to claim 17.

In such a tabular component, the thickness is Board similar to a block board made of several layers of wooden boards or wooden slats that directly adjoin one another within a layer and are parallel to each other, but with the directions at adjacent layers are different and e.g. below 90 ° Degrees to each other. The cover plate thus formed is compact, i.e. the entire volume of the cover plate is filled with wood.

To avoid warping of the tabular component, the number of layers must always be odd, e.g. three, five, etc. It it is understood that when using such a tabular Component for an upright wall, the outer layers have vertical alignment of the boards or slats. The single ones Boards or laths can be glued or nailed together, stapled or the like.

Instead of the multi-layer locked wooden panel come also other functionally equivalent wood-based panels more appropriately Thickness, e.g. thick chipboard or the like.

The preferred arrangement provides according to claim 18 that the cover plate formed by the thick wood or wood-based panel is arranged on the inside of the building.

In another aspect, the invention is also embodied in a spacer according to claim 19 for a tabular Component according to one of claims 1 to 18, which by an im essential flat strip-shaped nail plate is formed, which has at least one end of nail zones that attack the to the cover plates perpendicular side surfaces of the block-like Elements or ribs are determined. A nail plate with beads or Similar reinforcements in this sense are still considered "in essentially "apply.

The strip-like nail plates are thus in the finished Building element with its plane in a parallel to the ribs the cover plates vertical plane. The nail zones can be one Multitude of "nails" distributed over the extent of the nail zones exhibit than the actual nails that can be understood nailed through appropriately distributed holes in the nail plate are, but also through from the material of the nail plate embossed at an angle of 90 °, e.g. triangular tips formed can be even in the block-like elements or ribs can be hammered in or pressed in with a nail press.

The nail sheets can be near at least one end according to claim 20 have the aforementioned stops, the take an angle of 90 ° to the nail plate and on the outer longitudinal end face of the block-like element or the rib support.

According to claim 21, the attacks by out of the plane protruding ribs or webs of the perforated plate.

These stops can be at an angle, e.g. about below 45 °, to the longitudinal direction of the spacers, the stop surfaces are the flat side surfaces of the stops (claim 22).

Alternatively, the stops on the longitudinal edges of the Nail plate be arranged and run parallel to them, wherein the stop surfaces are the end edges perpendicular to the nail plate the attacks are (claim 23).

The attacks can in particular by cranking the Material of the strip-shaped nail plate can be formed (claim 24). But it is also possible to make the stops on the material of the Welding or gluing nail plates (claim 25).

The stops can also be protruding from the nail plate Pins are formed, e.g. through holes in the nail plate seated pins or welding studs (claim 26).

It is also possible according to claim 27, the stops from the Punch out the nail plate and bend it through 90 °, which is production-related Can have advantages

In further aspects, the invention is also embodied in one Rib pair carrier according to claim 28 and in a building Claim 29 and / or 30. The presence of the continuous Interior opens up the possibility of easy supply lines such as electrical lines or plastic hoses formed water pipes that easily make the transition between wall and ceiling.

A method for erecting such a structure can be according to Claim 31 consist in the fact that the continuous isolation space it with a single component, be it with neighboring components after erecting and joining with heat insulation material or insulation material is filled in, e.g. by after Claim 32 the isolation room with a finely divided fibrous Thermal insulation material is blown out, which according to claim 33 Cellulose fibers, e.g. from shredded newsprint.

According to claim 34, an alternative procedure consists in Foaming the isolation room.

Another possibility is that the isolation room stuffed with a bonded soft thermal insulation material is (claim 35).

This heat insulation material may e.g. no rigid foam be that has a considerable structural strength. Rather, it should Thermal insulation material just be bound so that it does not is more than loosely addressed and easy to use.

It is recommended to check the supply lines before inserting them the insulation material in the insulation room in this (Claim 36).

Fig. 1 zeigt eine perspektivische Ansicht eines Abstandhalters;

Fig. 2 und 3 zeigen entsprechende perspektivische Ansichten weiterer Ausführungsformen des Abstandhalters;

Fig. 4 zeigt einen Teilquerschnitt durch ein Bauelement mit Abstandhaltern nach Fig. 1;

Fig. 5 zeigt einen Querschnitt nach der Linie V-V in Fig. 4;

Fig. 6 zeigt eine perspektivische Ansicht eines Rippenpaarträgers im Innern eines Bauelements;

Fig. 7 zeigt einen Horizontalschnitt durch eine Bauwerksecke;

Fig. 8 zeigt einen Vertikalschnitt durch den Wandungsbereich eines Bauwerks;

Fig. 9 zeigt einen Fig. 8 entsprechendenVertikalschnitt durch eine andere Ausführungsform;

Fig. 10 zeigt eine schematische perspektivische Teilansicht einer gesperrten Holzplatte.

Exemplary embodiments of the invention are shown in the drawing.

Fig. 1 shows a perspective view of a spacer;

2 and 3 show corresponding perspective views of further embodiments of the spacer;

FIG. 4 shows a partial cross section through a component with spacers according to FIG. 1;

Fig. 5 shows a cross section along the line VV in Fig. 4;

Fig. 6 shows a perspective view of a pair of ribs inside a component;

Fig. 7 shows a horizontal section through a building corner;

8 shows a vertical section through the wall area of a building;

Fig. 9 shows a vertical section corresponding to Fig. 8 through another embodiment;

Fig. 10 shows a schematic perspective partial view of a locked wooden panel.

The spacer designated as a whole in FIG. 1 consists of 10 from a strip-shaped nail plate with a rectangular plan 1 made of steel about 5 to 10 cm wide and 30 to 60 cm long, depending on the thickness of the component to be manufactured. The strength of the Nail plate 1 can be approximately 1.5 to 3 mm. At both ends has the nail plate 1 nail zones 2 and 3, in which the surface of the nail plate 1 is evenly studded with nails 4, the real, Perforations of the nail sheet 1 through nails or from Material of the nail plate 1, triangular nail tips embossed by 90 ° be able to perform the same function. The Nails 4 are in the neighboring with a usual nail press Wood pressed in. On the mutually facing sides of the nail zones 2,3 are on the same flat side of the nail plate 1 level Stops 5,6 formed perpendicular to the plane of the nail plate 1 stand up and stripes across the width of the Nail sheet 1 or at least a substantial part of this Extend width. The stops 5.6 take in the embodiment with the longitudinal edges 1 'and 1 "of the nail plate 1, respectively Angle α of 45 °, so that the stops 5.6 each other are parallel. Other angles α are also possible, the However, stops 5,6 generally remain parallel to each other become.

The stop 5 is in the embodiment with a a longitudinal edge with the nail plate 1 welded flat sheet metal strips formed, the stop 6 by cranking the nail plate 1 itself. This was generated by the nail plate 1 at the angle α to the longitudinal edge 1 "according to FIG. 1 upwards Was angled 90 °, then in one of the widths of the stop 6 corresponding distance from the nail plate 1 by one to this parallel edge was bent back by 180 ° and finally by 90 ° was angled into the plane of the nail plate 1.

In solid lines it is shown that the cranking is practical can be a duplication of the material, i.e. perpendicular to Level of the nail plate 1 upright flat web. On the front Edge 1 'of the nail plate is also indicated by dashed lines that the Crank also have a rectangular cross-section and as one Kind of U-shaped gutter, open at the bottom, no longer flat can be. This also applies to the stop 5, which e.g. can also be a welded or glued rod.

The stops 5.6 come with the facing each other Side faces 5 ', 6' forming stop faces on the sides toward one another connecting and to keep spaced wooden elements for System, as will be explained with reference to FIGS. 3 to 5.

The stop 5 on the left side of FIG. 1 is at 5 " shown broken off; in practice, the stop 5 would continue to in the vicinity of the upper longitudinal edge 1 "of the nail plate 1 in FIG. 1 go through. 1 there is an alternative embodiment indicated in a partial punching of the nail plate 1 consists of 90 ° on one side where the depression still exists is angled and a triangular in the embodiment Stop 45 forms. There are at least two such angled ones Stops 45 provided with the same bend line. The attacks 45 are as far apart as possible and are in close to the longitudinal edges 1 ', 1 ".

2 is another embodiment 20 of a spacer shown, in which the flat, strip-shaped stops 15,16 do not extend across the width of the nail plate 1, but around the same Longitudinal edges by 90 ° to the same side, i.e. the nail side, are angled. While with the spacer 10, the side surfaces 5 ', 6' of the stops 5, 6 form the investment zones, it is with the Spacers 20 which are perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the nail plate 1 Front edges 15 ', 15 "and 16', 16" of the stops 15 and 16. If the edges 15 ', 16' facing the same end of the nail plate 1 or 15 ", 16" on the two long sides of the nail plate 1 existing stops 15, 16 - in the longitudinal direction of the nail plate 1 seen - lie at the same height and the wooden element to be connected is a bar, this extends at right angles to the Nail plate 1. The same naturally applies to the edges 15 "and 16" and a bar there. However, if the edges are not at the same height - as in the version shown with solid lines - and beams to be connected at the edges 15 ', 16 "' or 16", 15 "' they lie at an angle α to the longitudinal direction or the longitudinal edges 1 ', 1 "of the nail plate, in the embodiment about below 45 °

In Fig. 3, a spacer 30 is shown, in which the Stops 25 are formed by pins which, as I said, in perforations of the nail plate 1 can be pressed. But it is also possible to form the pins 25 by welding studs, which are on the nail plate 1 be welded on by resistance welding.

4 to 6, components 40 are shown, which under Use of the spacers 10 are made. It could also be the Spacers 20 or 30 are used.

In Fig. 4, such is designated by 40 tabular Component represented, which two outer, parallel to each other opposite, with their outer surfaces a distance 9 from includes 30 cm cover plates 7.8. The Cover plates 7,8 consist of wood-based panels such as chipboard or OSB boards or a similar material. To each other facing inner sides 7 'and 8' of the cover plates 7,8 are each other parallel ribs 11, 12 in the form of wooden beams or rafters nailed, tacked, or similar attached, with their mutually facing end faces 11 ', 12' one Leave distance 13 of the order of 10 cm. The above Distances are only exemplary and can vary depending on the construction and size of the component 40 can also be chosen differently. Ribs 11.12 and thus the cover plates 7.8 are by pairs of Spacers 10 connected to each other and kept at a distance.

4 and 6 that the Do not directly touch spacers 10 on cover plates 7,8 but on the side surfaces 11 ", 12" of the ribs 11, 12 each in a certain distance from the inner sides facing each other of the cover plates 7.8. This will transfer heat between the cover plates 7.8 further reduced.

The spacers 10 correspond to FIG. 1 and are with their Nail zones 2 and 3 to the perpendicular to the cover plates 7,8 Side surfaces 11 ", 12" of the ribs 11, 12 nailed as shown in FIG 4 to 6 can be seen. The stops 6 are on the mutually facing longitudinal end faces 11 ', 12' of the ribs 11, 12 and stabilize the spacers 10 against pivoting 4 parallel to the plane of the drawing, which when the Otherwise nail connection could occur. In Fig. 4, the angle α is the Inclination of the spacers 10 indicated and is in the Embodiment 45 ° on the opposite side surfaces the ribs 11, 12 is the spacer 10 there in the opposite direction Inclination provided so that the spacers in the Cross the area of the distance 13, as can be seen from FIGS. 4 and 6 is. The crossing gives stability in both directions parallel to the ribs 11, 12 and also perpendicular thereto, that is in the thickness direction of the Component 40.

The inclination angle α of 45 ° is a feature of the embodiment. The desired effect can be usable Scope can also be achieved at other inclination angles where the crossing angle is then no longer 90 °, and even at an arrangement of the longitudinal direction of the spacers 10 perpendicular to Longitudinal direction of the ribs 11, 12.

Since the spacers 10 on the two side surfaces 11 "or 12 "of the ribs 11, 12 are nailed in the direction of theirs Width, ie according to FIG. 4 perpendicular to the plane of the drawing, a distance from each other, which corresponds to the rib width. This has a stability-enhancing effect Influence when forces are perpendicular to that caused by the ribs 11.12 formed level occur

4 horizontally across the width of the component 40 Direction, i.e. along the ribs 11, 12, need not be many pairs of Spacers 10,10 may be provided. In some cases two such pairs are sufficient if the extension of the component 40 in the width direction is not more than about 3 m. In In the direction perpendicular to this, the ribs can distance have the usual rafters.

In practice, two ribs 11, 12 with e.g. four Spacers 10 are prefabricated to pairs of ribs 60 (Fig. 3rd and 5) which are inherently resistant to deformation and easy to handle as a whole Form components, be covered with the cover plates 7,8 and then that Component 40 result. During the manufacture of the pair of ribs proven nail presses can be used. The pair of ribs 60 can be used in the construction of the building Production of components 40 (e.g. wall, ceiling, roof) such as handles, Bars, rafters or beams can be used.

The cover plates 7, 8 and the ribs 11, 12 can be straight, i.e. be cut perpendicular to the plane of the cover plates 7,8, as it is on left end of Fig. 4 is indicated. However, this is not mandatory. For design reasons, the edge of the component 40 can also be designed differently, as is on the right side of FIG. 4 and in 7 and 8 is shown. However, the edges of the Component 40, at least the upper and lower edges in one Direction parallel to the cover plates open to the outside, i.e. Not blocked by covers or cross members, so that a transition from the free space 17 of the one component 40 to the free space 17 of an adjacent component 40 in the sense arrows 22 of FIGS. 7 to 9 is possible.

The ribs 11, 12 go in the solid representation of FIG. 4 from left to right over the extent of component 40 by. However, this is not mandatory. In the left half of Fig. 4 is a block-like element 14 indicated by dashed lines, which is essential is shorter and only extends over the attachment area of a pair of Spacers 10,10 extends. For static reasons, however continuous rib 11, 12 should generally be preferred.

In the left half of Fig. 4 it is indicated that the space 17 between the cover plates 7,8 with an insulating material or Thermal insulation material is filled, which by the lines 32nd should be hinted at. The character of this insulation material 32 can to be different. For example, it may be loose, cellulose-containing Trade fiber material, which is obtained by shredding old Newspapers won and blown into the space 17 has been. But it can also be a foam in the space 17 blown in between the cover plates 7,8 or there for Has been brought into being. Finally, it is also possible soft cushioned thermal insulation material in the Plug space 17 into it.

5 that the ribs 11, 12 are directly opposite each other perpendicular to the cover plates 7,8 parallel and in each case maintain distances 26 in the transverse direction, the 50th can be up to 150 cm and are also common with rafters.

The space 17 goes perpendicular to the drawing plane of FIG. 5 between the cover plates 7,8 over their entire extent undisguised by. This also applies essentially to the vertical Direction where in the middle a distance 13 between the ribs 11.12 there is a corresponding space that extends over the whole Extension of the component 40 perpendicular to the ribs 11, 12 continues throughout. This space is used exclusively by crosses the spacers 10.10. You have only a minor one Cross section and hinder the distribution of insulation material between the cover plates 7.8 hardly. The result arises between the Cover plates 7.8 a over the entire extent of the component 40 in 5 horizontal direction and also in that to that Continuous isolation space 17 in the direction perpendicular to the drawing plane, which is essentially due to the space between the Cover plates 7.8 determined and only at the locations of the ribs 11.12 each on the distance 13 between their end faces 11 ', 12' is constricted. The outline of the isolation space 17 is shown in FIG the dash-dotted line 17 'indicated.

6 shows how the stops 6, 6 on the upper longitudinal end face 12 'of the rib 12 and on the lower longitudinal end face 11 'of the rib 11 rest against the spacers 10, 10 in their stabilize the respective level against pivoting.

In addition, it can be seen particularly clearly from FIG. 6 that two ribs 11, 12 belonging together with the spacers 10 self-contained components, the rib pair carrier 60, can form, which are prefabricated separately and then with the Cover plates 7,8 are covered to form the component 40. The rib pair carrier 60 and the entire component 40 are at 31st shown interrupted to indicate that the pair of ribs 30th and the component 40 along the rib pair carrier 30 different Can have expansion, as is the function and the constructive Require circumstances of the individual case.

A building corner 50 is indicated schematically in FIG. 7. The two upright components 40, 40 forming the walls meet in the horizontal plane at an angle of 90 °. Of the free insulation space 17 of one component 40 is a Transition into the free insulation space 17 of the other component 40 possible, as indicated by arrow 22. The outer Cover plates 7 consist of weatherproof or weatherproof covered Plates 27, the inner cover plates 8 from 28 interior panels Constructionally suitable locations are in the components 40.40 Ribbed pair carrier 60 provided that the free continuous Insignificantly affect insulation space 17, 17.

8 is a building or structure 70 in the form of a small one House recognizable, in which an upright wall 18 by a Component 40 according to FIGS. 2 to 5, a roof panel 19 through another such component 40 and a ceiling 21 through one further such component 40 are formed. The components 40 each have cover plates 7, 8 in the form of weatherproof plates 27 or interior construction panels 28 or in the form of two interior construction panels 28 (ceiling 21). There are pairs of ribs 60 with ribs 11, 12 are provided, which are only indicated by spacers 10 connected and kept at a distance. The inner free isolation space 17 of the roof panel 19 goes into the without interruption Isolation space 17 of the upright wall panel 18 as indicated by the Arrow 22 is indicated. Filling the isolation spaces between the cover plates 7,8 can be seen from above when assembling the house such as by blowing cellulosic fiber material or in similarly done because of a continuous, undisguised Isolation space 17, 17 between the cover plates 7, 8 of the neighboring ones Components 40 and 40 is present. Because the isolation rooms 17.17 supply lines such as electrical Lines 29 before filling the insulation rooms 17, 17 with insulation material in the same from component to component be relocated.

An essential reason for this is that the components 40 and 40 are open at the edges, so that a transition from one component into the next is possible.

9 and 10, a building 80 is shown, in which the vertical wall 18 'with the help of modified tabular Components 40 'is formed.

Parts corresponding to FIG. 8 functionally have the same reference numbers characterized.

The difference is that the components 40 ' on the inside there are no interior panels 28 reinforced by ribs 12 are provided, but instead a thick multi-layer locked Wooden plate 30, which in the exemplary embodiment has a thickness of 80 mm has and is thus capable of carrying substantial loads, such as are given by the false ceiling 21 and / or the roof structure.

The wooden plate 35 facing the interior of the structure 80, the forms a cover plate of the tabular component 40 'has several Layers 35 ', 35 ", 35"' (Fig. 10), each of them parallel from each other Boards or slats 36 or 37 or 38 are made, which are close together are parallel to each other. 10 is under the top layer 35 'a second layer 35 "in which the boards or battens 37 face each other those of the position 35 'are offset by 90 °. At the third, according to Fig. 10 lowest layer 35 "'are the boards or slats 30 again parallel to those of layer 35 '. There can be more than three Layers exist, but the number of layers must be due to the security against delay to be odd. The outer layers 35 ', 35 "' are in Installation condition arranged vertically.

The spacers 10 are in this example directly on the thick plate 35 attached. A rib 12 as in the embodiment 8 is missing here on the inside of the tabular component 40 '.

Claims (36)

Tabular component (40, 40 ') for use in the construction of buildings, consisting of two cover plates (7,8) which are parallel and spaced apart from one another and which are connected to one another by connecting elements which are arranged between them and are parallel to the cover plates (7,8) are rigidly connected, characterized in that the connecting elements are formed by elongated metallic spacers (10, 20, 30) which have only the cross-section required for the transmission of the forces acting between the cover plates (7, 8) and at least one cover plate ( 7, 8) at a distance from this, block-like elements (11, 12; 14, 14) connected to the inside (7 ', 8') facing the other cover plate (7 ', 8'), and that the block-like elements perpendicular to the inner sides (7 ', 8') of the opposite cover plates (7,8) distance (13) from each other or from the opposite leave the appropriate cover plate. Component according to Claim 1, characterized in that the block-like elements are formed by ribs (11, 12) which extend over substantial parts of the width of the cover plates (7, 8). Component according to Claim 1, characterized in that the block-like elements are formed by blocks (14) which extend only in the region of the fastening of the spacers (10, 20, 30). Component according to one of Claims 1 to 3, characterized in that between the cover plates (7, 8) there remains an insulation space (17) which runs parallel to the latter and which only crosses through the spacers (10, 20, 30) and is free of other obstructions is. Component according to Claim 4, characterized in that only a few spacers (10, 20, 30) are provided in the width and length of the components (40, 40 '). Component according to claim 5, characterized in that the spacers (10, 20, 30) parallel to the cover plates (7, 8) have longitudinal and transverse distances of 0.5 to 3 m. Component according to Claim 6, characterized in that a maximum of three spacers (10, 20, 30) are provided on each rib (11, 12) in the width direction of a storey-high component (40, 40 ') parallel to the ribs (11, 12) , Component according to one of claims 5 to 7, characterized in that in the longitudinal direction perpendicular to the ribs (11, 12) of a floor-high component (40, 40 '), adjacent ribs (11, 12) have a spacing (16) corresponding to the usual rafter spacing. from each other. Component according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the elongated metallic spacers (10) form a first group which is at an angle (α) to the cover plates (7,8) and a second group which in same angle (α) opposite to the cover plates (7,8). Component according to Claim 9, characterized in that spacers (10, 10) of the two groups lie opposite one another in pairs and on opposite sides of the ribs (11, 12) perpendicular to the cover plates (7, 8). Component according to one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that the spacers (10) come to rest on the mutually facing end faces (11 ', 12') of the block-like elements (14) or ribs (11, 12), at least one have a substantial part of their width-taking stops (5,6) which counteract a pivoting of the spacers (10) about an axis perpendicular to their longitudinal direction. Component according to one of Claims 1 to 11, characterized in that it is open at the edges, so that when components (40, 40) are joined together, their insulation spaces (17, 17) merge into one another. Component according to one of claims 1 to 12, characterized in that the ribs (11, 12) seated on the sides facing one another as cover plates (7, 8) lie opposite one another and through the spacers (10, 20, 30) to form an in cohesive pair of ribs (60) forming a separate component are present. Component according to one of Claims 1 to 13, characterized in that one of the cover plates (7, 8) is a solid wood or wood-based material plate of a thickness which enables it to bear a proportion of a projectile load which corresponds to its horizontal extent. Component according to claim 14, characterized in that the wood or wood-based panel is approximately 60 to 100 mm thick. Component according to claim 14 or 15, characterized in that the wood or wood-based panel is a multi-layer locked wood panel (35). Component according to Claim 16, characterized in that the individual layers (35 ', 35 ", 35"') consist of boards or slats (36 or 37 or 38) which are parallel to one another and have the same thickness with one another with their longitudinal edges, which are connected within the same layer (35 ', 35 ", 35"') and from layer to layer. Component according to one of claims 14 to 17, characterized in that the cover plate formed by the solid wood or wood-based panels is arranged on the inside of the building. Spacer (10, 20, 30) for a tabular component (40) according to one of Claims 1 to 18, characterized in that it is formed by an essentially flat strip-shaped nail plate (1) which has a nail zone (2 , 3) which are arranged to engage on a cover plate (7,8) or on side surfaces (11 ", 12") perpendicular to the cover plates (7,8) from on the mutually facing sides of the cover plates (7,8) block-like elements (14) or ribs (11, 12) are determined. Spacer according to claim 19, characterized in that the nail plate (1) in the vicinity of its ends has stops (5,6; 15,16; 25,26; 45) which have an angle of 90 ° to the nail plate (1) and counteract a pivoting of the nail plate (1) about an axis perpendicular to its plane. Spacer according to claim 20, characterized in that the stops (5,6; 15,16) are formed by ribs or webs protruding from the plane of the nail plate (1). Spacer according to claim 21, characterized in that the stops (5,6) run at an angle (α) to the longitudinal direction of the nail plate (1) and the stop faces the flat side surfaces (5 ', 6') of the stops (5,6) are. Spacer according to claim 21, characterized in that the stops (15, 16) are arranged on the longitudinal edges (1 ', 1 ") of the nail plate (1) and run parallel to them, and the stop surfaces (15', 16 ';15" , 16 ";15"', 16 "') which are perpendicular to the nail plate (1) end edges of the stops (15, 16). Spacer according to claim 21, 22 or 23, characterized in that the stops (6; 15, 16) are formed by cranking off the material of the strip-shaped nail plate (1). Spacer according to claim 21, 22 or 23, characterized in that the stops (5) are welded or glued to the material of the nail plate (1). Spacer according to Claim 20, characterized in that the stops (25, 26) have at least two ends per end of the nail plate (1) at an angle (α) to the longitudinal edges (1 ', 1 ") of the nail plate (1) Level arranged, protruding from the nail plate (1), perpendicular to the plane pins are formed. Spacer according to claim 20, characterized in that the stops are formed by tongues (35) punched out of the nail plate (1) and angled by 90 ° from the plane of the nail plate (1). Rib pair carrier for a tabular component (40) according to one of Claims 1 to 18, characterized in that it comprises two ribs (11, 12) arranged one above the other and parallel to one another, which are separated by at least two spacers (10, 20, 30) according to one of the Claims 19 to 27 are connected and kept at a distance. Structure (70), its walls (18), roof (19) and / or Blankets (21) by tabular panels abutting each other at the edges Components (40, 40 ') according to one of Claims 1 to 18 such are formed that between the cover plates (7,8) of the components (40.40 ') a continuous, for filling with thermal insulation material (15) certain or filled insulation space (17, 17). Building according to claim 29, characterized in that supply lines (29) run in the continuous insulation space (17, 17). Method for erecting a building (70) according to claim 29, characterized in that the continuous insulation space (17, 17) is filled with heat insulation material after the tabular components (40, 40 ') have been erected and joined together. Method according to claim 31, characterized in that the insulation space (17, 17) is blown out with a finely divided fibrous heat insulation material. A method according to claim 32, characterized in that the heat insulation material comprises cellulose fibers. Method according to claim 31, characterized in that the insulation space (17, 17) is foamed. A method according to claim 31, characterized in that the insulation space (17, 17) is stuffed with a bound soft heat insulation material. Method according to one of claims 30 to 35, characterized in that supply lines (29) are pulled through in the insulation space (17, 17) before the continuous insulation space (17, 17) is filled with heat insulation material.

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