EP0117443A1 - Heat insulated permanent form for wall constructions - Google Patents

Abstract

1. Permanent form for a wall construction having two plates (2, 3) held spaced apart by connecting elements (1), and the space between is to be filled out with concrete and the connecting elements (1) have a stay (4) and, standing off upwardly and downwardly at at least one end of the stay, pegs (5, 6) which are insertable into corresponding recesses (7) at the upper and lower sides of the plates, characterized in that at least two connecting elements (1) are connected to stabilizing rods (22) to form a ladderlike stabilizing support (23).

Description

The invention relates to permanent formwork for a wall construction with two plates held at a distance from one another by connecting elements, the intermediate space being to be filled with concrete.

A permanent formwork made of panels, which are held at a predetermined distance by connecting elements, is known from DE-OS 28 23 405. The connecting elements act on T-shaped strips that are offset inwards from the plates. A very high tension is exerted on the relatively narrow connecting webs between the strips and the slabs by the fresh concrete filled in, which makes it necessary to provide a large number of such strips at a short distance, which in turn complicates the manufacture of the slabs and the concrete core of the wall is weakened.

A permanent formwork made of two panels held together with connecting elements is also known from DE-OS 23 49 601, the two panels being held together by appropriately profiled webs which are arranged in continuous grooves with a T or L-shaped cross section. Here, however, only the two opposite plates are held together, while the connection to the plates located on the same side of the wall should be achieved by a strongly undercut outer profile or inner profile of the narrow sides. However, this makes it difficult to erect the formwork, since the profiling makes it difficult to join the panels together.

From DE-OS 29 31 563 spacers for slabs of permanent formwork are known, which consists of a piece of wire extending horizontally through the wall and two vertically extending pieces of wire at each end, which receive the plates between them. In the case of rigid foam panels, a very large number of such spacers must be provided so that the individual spacer does not press too hard into the panel, but the thermal insulation is reduced. The thermal insulation is also impaired by the fact that the outer vertical wire pieces of the spacers are visible on the outside of the formwork.

From DE-PS 26 18 125 large-sized formwork elements made of rigid foam for the sheathed concrete construction are known, in which the connecting webs consist of rigid foam and are integrally formed with the main surfaces. The disadvantage of transportation is that the formwork elements are very voluminous, which causes additional transportation costs. Walls made from such formwork elements also only have a fire resistance of approximately 30 minutes. However, 90 minutes are required for fire protection walls.

The invention has for its object to provide a permanent formwork for a wall structure of the type mentioned, in which the panels from each side are sufficiently firmly connected to one another and, furthermore, the opposing plates are connected to one another in such a way that they can withstand the pressure of the filled concrete without the risk of the connecting elements breaking out of the plates. The connection of the opposite slabs should be so strong that the formwork can be filled at full floor height at once.

This object is achieved in that the connecting elements have a web and pegs projecting upwards and downwards at both ends of the web, which pins can be inserted into corresponding recesses on the top and bottom of the plates.

When the recesses on the top and bottom of the plates, in which the pins of the connecting elements can be used, it is preferably through channels or holes, so that the plates in the assembled state have a system of continuous channels through which from the poured concrete escaping water can be derived. Pins that extend over two or more rows of the plates can also be inserted into the through holes, which makes the formwork more stable.

At wall corners, door openings or window openings, it is necessary to provide end plates in order to connect the two opposite plates at the lateral ends (butt sides). The end plates are preferably connected to each of the two plates by a dovetail or tongue and groove profile.

Even though they are aligned with their horizontal narrow sides butting plates are already connected to each other by the pins of the connecting elements, it may be expedient to provide nub-shaped elevations on the upper narrow side of the plates and corresponding recesses on the lower narrow side in order to produce an additional positive engagement between the plates of successive rows.

The panels are preferably made of rigid foam, especially foamed polystyrene, and generally have no reinforcement. The webs of the connecting elements can consist of sheet metal, a wire with eyelets provided at both ends, or plastic strips. The pins are expediently plastic pipe pieces. The connecting elements can be formed in one or more parts. With bars made of metal or corresponding plastic, the wall has the required fire resistance of 90 minutes.

In one embodiment of the invention, only the outer plate is made of rigid foam, e.g. B. foamed polystyrene with a thickness of 8 cm, while the inner plate consists of another material, in particular a mineral material, for. B. pumice, brick, gas concrete or mineralized wood wool or wood. If it is difficult to produce the necessary recesses for the pins of the connecting elements in such plates, the connecting elements can only have pins on the outer plates made of rigid foam, while at the end provided for the inner wall of the connecting elements two vertical, each after protruding pieces of wire protruding above and below are spaced such that they can accommodate the inner plate between them.

In order to prevent cold bridges in the individual floor ceilings, the outer cladding, i.e. H. the plates lying on the outside of the wall continued over the floor ceilings, so that there is a ring anchor cover. Since the inner slabs are missing due to the storey ceilings, the outer slabs are held here by special wire holders, which are guided vertically downwards in the outer area of the concrete filling and are hooked onto the connecting elements of the row of slabs below them by means of hook-shaped ends. At their upper end, these wire holders are connected to the pins in the same way as the connecting elements. This shape of the wire holder prevents it from colliding with the reinforcement of the ring anchor.

When installing fire-retardant components, e.g. B. fire-retardant doors, the end plates must be scraped out in the door opening, otherwise the fire could spread through these end plates through the wall.

The length of the pegs and their number depends on the strength of the slabs and the pressure exerted by the fresh concrete poured in. The pressure exerted by the fresh concrete primarily depends on its specific weight and fill level. The number of connecting elements can therefore be greater in the lower rows of a wall than in the upper rows, since a correspondingly lower pressure acts on the upper rows.

The plates have the usual grid size, z. B. a height of 25 cm and a length of 25, 50 or 100 cm. The thickness of the plates can be 5 cm. For better insulation thicker panels can be used for the outside of the wall than for the inside. It has proven sufficient to provide connecting elements at a distance of 12.5 cm. The pegs have a diameter of 2 cm, and the plates are preferably somewhat bulged in the area of the recesses for the pegs on the inside of the formwork, in order to reinforce the plates at this particularly heavily used point and thus prevent the cutouts from breaking out.

A difficulty in the use of the formwork according to the invention for wall constructions is that the formwork itself is not rigid, so that it is sometimes necessary to take special measures to ensure that the wall to be produced is straight. This can be done using supports temporarily attached from the outside. Preferably, however, a vertical support is provided in the space between the outer and inner plates, which gives the wall sufficient stability before the concrete sets. When the vertical support is preferably a lattice girder with an upper chord and two lower chords, as z. B. can be used as reinforcement of floors. The vertical beam is firmly anchored to the floor by pouring it into the concrete base, which is made to compensate for unevenness in the first row of the slabs.

• Fig. 5d und 5e die Ausführung von Mauerecken unter Verwendung spezieller Winkelplatten;
• Fig. 6 im Schnitt die bleibende Schalung bei unterschiedlichen Platten für die Innenseite und die Außenseite;
• Fig. 7a im Schnitt die Fortführung der äußeren Platten als Ringankerabdeckung und
• Fig. 7b ein Verbindungselement für Ringankerabdeckungen;
• Fig. 8 die Wandkonstruktion mit zwei verschiedenen senkrechten Trägern und mit waagrechten Trägern zur Stabilisierung der Schalung und
• Fig. 9 einen waagerechten Träger zur Stabilisierung der Schalung.

Another possibility for stabilizing the formwork is that two or more connecting elements are connected by one or more stabilizing rods to form a rigid ladder-like unit. Purpose-

• 5d and 5e the execution of wall corners using special angle plates;
• Fig. 6 in section, the permanent formwork with different panels for the inside and the outside;
• Fig. 7a in section, the continuation of the outer plates as a ring anchor cover and
• 7b shows a connecting element for ring anchor covers;
• Fig. 8 shows the wall construction with two different vertical beams and with horizontal beams to stabilize the formwork and
• Fig. 9 shows a horizontal beam for stabilizing the formwork.

The permanent formwork consists of plates 2, 3, which are held together by connecting elements 1. At the wall corners, at door openings, window openings and the like, the plates 2, 3 are also connected at their ends by end plates 8, see FIG. 1 and 2.

The connecting elements 1 consist of webs 4 with round openings at both ends through which pins 5, 6 are guided, see FIG. Fig. 3. The web 4 is normally halfway up the pins 5, 6. In the plates 2, 3 there are vertical recesses 7 into which the pins 5, 6 of the connecting elements 1 can be inserted. The connecting elements 1 can consist of 5 mm thick steel wire, which is bent at both ends to eyelets through which the pins 5, 6 are inserted The individual connecting elements are spot welded to the two horizontal stabilizing bars. The stabilizing bars are e.g. B. to steel wire of 5 mm thickness, so that the stabilizing bars are made of the same material as the webs of the connecting elements. The ladder-like stabilization units can only comprise two connecting elements or a large number and a length of z. B. 6 m. In the individual layers, the ladder-like stabilization beams are appropriately offset. If necessary, the horizontal stabilizing beams can also be used in addition to vertical lattice beams.

• Fig. 1 in einer Ansicht von vorne (a), von oben (b), von unten (c), von der Seite (d) bzw. von vorne auf die Innenseite der Platte (e) die bleibende Schalung für eine Wandkonstruktion;
• Fig. 2 die Schalung von Fig. 1 in einer isometrischen Darstellung;
• Fig. 3 das Verbindungselement;
• Fig. 4 einen Teil einer aus der bleibenden Schalung von Fig. 1 hergestellten Wandschalung;
• Fig. 5a und 5b die Ausführung von Mauerecken mittels der Schalung;
• Fig. 5c ein Verbindungselement für Mauerecken;

den. Die beiden Zapfen 5, 6 eines Verbindungselements werden in die Aussparungen 7 zweier sich gegenüberliegender Platten 2, 3 gesteckt, wobei die oberen Hälften der Zapfen 5, 6 nach oben herausstehen, so dass auf sie die nächste Reihe von Platten 2, 3 aufgesteckt werden kann. Im Normalfall wird jeweils im Abstand von 12,5 cm ein Verbindungselement eingesteckt. Das erste und das letzte Verbindungselement 1 haben dabei jeweils einen Abstand von 6,25 cm von der seitlichen Begrenzung der Platten 2, 3. Für die Länge der Platten ergibt sich dadurch das übliche Rastermass von 25 cm. Die Höhe der Platten 2, 3 beträgt 25 cm und die Stärke 5 cm. Üblicherweise sind die Verbindungselemente 1 so bemessen, dass sich eine Dicke der unverputzten Wand von 25 cm ergibt.An embodiment of the invention is explained below with reference to the drawing. Show it:

• Figure 1 in a view from the front (a), from above (b), from below (c), from the side (d) or from the front to the inside of the plate (e), the permanent formwork for a wall construction.
• FIG. 2 shows the formwork from FIG. 1 in an isometric illustration;
• 3 shows the connecting element;
• 4 shows a part of a wall formwork produced from the permanent formwork of FIG. 1;
• 5a and 5b the execution of wall corners by means of the formwork;
• 5c shows a connecting element for wall corners;

the. The two pins 5, 6 of a connecting element are inserted into the recesses 7 of two plates 2, 3 lying opposite one another, the upper halves of the pins 5, 6 protruding upward, so that the next row of plates 2, 3 can be plugged onto them . Normally, a connecting element is inserted every 12.5 cm. The first and the last connecting element 1 each have a distance of 6.25 cm from the lateral boundary of the plates 2, 3. This results in the usual grid dimension of 25 cm for the length of the plates. The height of the plates 2, 3 is 25 cm and the thickness 5 cm. The connecting elements 1 are usually dimensioned such that the unplastered wall has a thickness of 25 cm.

In the area of the recesses 7, the plates 2, 3 are thickened by an inwardly projecting bulge 10 in order to prevent the recesses from breaking out. The recesses 7 can be continuous vertical channels or bores 7a, which then also act as drainage for concrete water. So that the pins 5, 6 cannot fall through, the bores are set inwards at a corresponding depth. The end plates 8 are connected by a dovetail profile to the inside of the plates 2, 3. There are dovetail-shaped ribs 11 on the narrow side surfaces of the end plates 8 and dovetail-shaped grooves 12 are provided on the mutually facing inner sides of the plates 2, 3. The 100 cm long plates 2, 3 have a number of additional grooves 12 on the inside, so that each plate can be cut into 12.5 cm pieces, each of which is already provided with a groove 12 at its ends and thereby its ends can be connected by an end plate 8. The ribs 11 are offset towards the inside with respect to the central plane of the end plates 8, which results in an additional possibility of variation in the longitudinal extent of the formwork if the end plates 8 are used upside down, ie with the inside out. In the exemplary embodiment shown in the drawing, the offset is approximately 1.5 cm, so that when an end plate 8 is inserted the wrong way round, the plates 2, 3 protrude 3 cm and can be shortened by this amount or the recess can accommodate a window frame or the like.

The upper narrow side of the plates 2, 3 is provided with circular knobs 13, and the lower narrow side is provided with corresponding depressions 14, which results in an additional engagement between two plates lying one above the other.

The end plates 8 are also provided with cutouts 7, knobs 13 and depressions 14 in the same grid dimension as the plates 2, 3.

Fig. 4 shows a larger bandage from several plates 2, 3 including a corner bandage. The plates 2, 3 of a row are offset from those of the row below and the row above by a quarter of the total length, ie by 25 cm, so that the vertical joints are not aligned. The offset can also be 50 cm.

In the simplest case, the same plates 2, 3 can be used on the wall corner, which are each connected by end plates 8. Through the in the end plates 8 provided recesses 7, a single pin 5 without web 4 is used, which engages in a recess 7 of a plate 2 of the row above. No special shapes of the plates 2, 3 are therefore required for the corner assembly.

In the case of walls for which a fire resistance period of 90 minutes is required, however, it must be prevented that the plastic panels in the corner bond connect the two sides of the wall, since otherwise the fire could spread from one side to the other at these points.

One way of creating such formwork on wall corners and wall connections is to use specially designed connecting elements, an example of which is shown in FIGS. 5a, 5b and 5c, two consecutive bond layers being shown. No special plates are used for this, but the plates 2, 3 shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 are only shortened, namely on the outside of the wall by the plate thickness and on the inside by the wall thickness minus the plate thickness. In Fig. 5a the plates 2a and 3b are not shortened, while the plates 2b and 3a are shortened. At wall corners, particular care must be taken to ensure that the plates 2a, 2b on the outside can withstand the pressure of the fresh concrete poured in. In the recesses closest to the wall corner, the normal connecting elements 1 can not be used because z. B. the plate 2a opposite plate 3a is somewhat shorter due to its arrangement on the inside of the wall. In order to secure the plates sufficiently at the corners of the wall, 7 pins 5 are also inserted into the last two recesses, which have two connecting brackets 9 with the last connection element 1 of the other wall is connected. The connecting bracket 9 is bent at the end into a hook and is simply hung on the last connecting element 1 of the other wall. In the same way, a pin 5 in the last two recesses 7 of the plate 2b are connected to the last connecting element 1 between the plates 2a and 3a.

Fig. 5b shows the dressing position in the row of plates above and below the row of plates shown in Fig. 5a. Here the plates 2a and 3b are shortened, while the plates 2b and 3a have the full length corresponding to the grid.

Another possibility is the use of special angled plates, see. 5d and 5e. Their shape inevitably results from the required grid size. The plates 2, 3 are angled at right angles at a distance of 25 or 50 cm from one end. By using such angled plates, wall connections can also be made without any problems. The connecting elements described in connection with FIG. 5c can be used.

When manufacturing basement exterior walls, it is very important that there are no voids in the concrete. 5c and 9 connecting elements 1 with webs 4 made of steel wire of z. B. 5 mm diameter used, where there is no risk of voids.

As can be seen in FIGS. 5a and 5b, the knobs 13 and correspondingly the corresponding depressions 14 are arranged such that the knobs 13 at the end of the plate 2a from FIG. 5a into the depression 14 from the other side coming plate 2b engages the next dressing layer shown in Fig. 5b. One of the knobs 13 is thus arranged in the middle of the plate and at a distance from the grid dimension corresponding to half the plate thickness.

Fig. 6 shows in section a formwork in which only the outer panels 2 consist of rigid foam, while the inner panels 3 are brick panels with a thickness of about 4 cm. The brick slabs are plastered. The connecting element 1 consists of steel wire, at one end of which an eyelet is bent, which receives the pins 5 for the outer plates 2. At the other end, two vertical wire pieces 15 are welded, which have a mutual distance which corresponds to the thickness of the inner plates 3, so that the wire pieces 15 encompass the inner plates 3. In terms of building physics, this permanent formwork has the advantage that the heat-insulating panels 2 made of rigid foam are only on the outside of the building and the dew point is in the concrete core of the wall, so that there is no risk of condensation forming inside the inner formwork. The inner panels 3 can also consist of another mineral building material, namely pumice, gas concrete or mineralized wood wool, or can be wooden panels.

Fig. 7 shows the wall construction in the area of the ring anchor. On the outside of the building, the formwork is continued by the panels 2, while the formwork on the inside is interrupted by the floor ceiling 16. Wire holders 17 made of 5 mm steel wire are used to hold the outer panels 2 at the level of the floor ceiling 16. The wire holder 17 are bent at one end into a hook, by means of which they are hooked onto the connecting elements 1 of the underlying layer, while the eyelet is bent at a right angle at the upper end and engages around the pin 5. The permanent formwork is filled with concrete up to the height of the inner slabs 3, the wire holders 17 being concreted in sufficiently firmly to hold the outer slabs 2 serving as ring anchor cover vertically. This shape and attachment of the wire holder 17 ensures that they are not in the way of the ring anchor reinforcement.

Fig. 8 shows the permanent formwork, in which a vertical beam 18 is used to stiffen the formwork. The vertical support 18 is anchored at the lower end in a concrete base 19 and gives the formwork sufficient stability so that it does not deform when pouring the concrete or due to wind pressure. The vertical girder 18 is a conventional triangular lattice girder with an upper chord and two lower chords, as are used as reinforcement for floor ceilings. Any necessary, horizontally extending steel reinforcements can also be attached to these vertical supports 18 or simply inserted.

8 also shows another possibility for stabilizing the formwork, namely by means of a concrete column 20, which is pulled up when the individual layers of the plates 2, 3 are put on. The sides of the concrete column 20 are delimited by expanded metal strips 21, which in turn are inserted into the dovetail-shaped grooves 12 of the slabs and thus fixed.

Finally, Fig. 8 also shows one possibility horizontal stabilization. This is done in that the webs 4 of the connecting elements 1 are connected by stabilizing rods 22 to form a ladder-like unit. For this purpose, the crossing points of the stabilizing bars 22 are welded to the webs 4. Only two connecting elements 1 can be connected to one another in this way, or an arbitrarily large number, the length of the ladder-like stabilizing support 23 being limited to approximately 6 m for practical reasons. Fig. 9 shows the horizontal stabilization beam in detail. To increase the stability, the webs 4 can also run in a zigzag shape. The webs 4 and the eyelets can be continuously bent from a wire.

The construction of a building wall using the permanent formwork according to the invention is described below. First, a floor slab leveling is carried out to determine the need for a possible leveling layer under the wall. If necessary, the approach level is then reached as a base plate as a whole or by means of compensation strips on the base plate. The actual construction of the permanent formwork begins with the insertion of the attachment connecting elements 24 (FIG. 3), the pins 5, 6 of which are shorter and are only inserted into the underside of the first layer of the plates 2, 3. The normal connecting elements 1 with pins 5, 6 are then introduced onto the top of these plates 2, 3. The first layer prepared in this way is now placed on the floor in an aligned manner and provided with the second layer which is offset by 25 cm. In this way, the floor plan is now set up and aligned. To stabilize these first and second layers (attachment layers), an approximately 10 cm high layer of concrete is placed. When the concrete has hardened after a few hours, the other layers of the plates 2, 3 and the connecting elements 1 are built up at the required height. The permanent formed in this way Formwork is filled with concrete, appropriately all around the floor plan.

If vertical stabilizing girders 18 are required to stabilize the formwork, they are installed at intervals that result from the floor plan when the approx. 10 cm high concrete layer is introduced. The lattice girder 18 is set up vertically and held in the vertical by a concrete fill (concrete base 19). After the 10 cm high concrete layer has hardened and the concrete has been poured on, proceed as described above. If concrete columns 20 are used for vertical stabilization, these are pulled up when the individual layers of the plates 2, 3 are put on.

When using horizontal, ladder-like stabilizing support 23 is on the second layer of plates 2, 3 this in a length of z. B. 3 to 6 m inserted. The aligning effect of the horizontal stabilizing beam 23 is passed on by further stabilizing beams 23 offset to the right and left in the next position. In general, it is sufficient to install the horizontal stabilizing beams 23 after every five positions of the plates 2, 3.

There is also the possibility of installing the vertical lattice girders 18 and the horizontal stabilizing girders 23 in connection with one another in the same wall.

The walls erected by means of the permanent formwork according to the invention are plastered in the usual way. Methods for applying plaster to hard plastic foam boards are now generally known.

Claims (8)

1. Permanent formwork for wall construction with two plates (2, 3) spaced apart from one another by connecting elements (1), the intermediate space being to be filled with concrete, characterized in that the connecting element (1) has a web (4) and on both Has ends of the web projecting up and down pins (5,6), which can be inserted into corresponding recesses (7) on the top and bottom of the plates. 2. Permanent formwork according to claim 1, characterized in that the web (4) consists of steel wire with eyelets bent at both ends for receiving the pins (5, 6). 3. Permanent formwork according to claim 1, characterized in that vertical supports (18) are provided for stabilizing the formwork and are anchored in a concrete base. 4. Permanent formwork according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized by end plates (8) which connect the two plates (2, 3) at the lateral ends. 5. Permanent formwork according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the plates (2, 3) consist of rigid foam, in particular foamed polystyrene. 6. Permanent formwork according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the plates (2, 3) are provided with nub-like elevations on the top and with corresponding recesses on the underside, so that there is a positive engagement between plates (2, 3) placed on top of one another. 7. Permanent formwork according to one of claims 1 to 4 or 6, characterized in that the plates (2) lying on the outside of the building consist of rigid foam, while the plates lying on the inside (3) consist of a mineral building material, mineralized wood wool or wood consist. 8. Permanent formwork according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that a plurality of connecting elements (1) with stabilizing bars (22) are connected to ladder-like stabilizing beams (23).

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