AT402314B - INTERMEDIATE CEILING SUPPORT FOR PRECAST HOUSES - Google Patents

Description

AT 402 314 B

The invention relates to a prefabricated house, the walls of which are formed from load-bearing, inside and outside of the building with frame structures covered with cladding, the frame structure of each wall comprising vertical stems and at least one horizontal beam, and the support for the roof truss through one of the upper ends the bar connecting the stems is formed.

In prefabricated houses constructed in this way, it is common to provide the support of the roof structure and the support of the floor ceiling closest to the roof structure at the upper end of the stems of the building walls. The roof surface thus intersects with the attic ceiling along its boundary, so that an attic space is obtained which has a triangular cross section in the horizontal direction of view. This has the disadvantage that the attic has a relatively low ceiling height along its edges and can therefore not be used as living space.

If a staircase is provided that leads into the attic, there must be a certain minimum distance to the roof area at the passage through the attic ceiling. With previously known, common support of the roof structure and attic ceiling, such a staircase must be arranged at some distance from the outer walls of the building in order to maintain the described minimum distance between the stairs and roof in the attic. Above all, however, this has the disadvantage that the staircase also has to be spaced from the outer walls on all other floors of the building, as a result of which usable areas are also lost as living space.

It is an object of the invention to avoid the above disadvantages and to provide a possibility of increasing the ceiling height in the attic of a prefabricated house constructed according to the manufacturing method explained at the beginning.

According to the invention this is achieved in that the support for the floor ceiling closest to the roof structure is arranged on the stems at a distance from their upper ends.

Thus, the loft itself has a ceiling height determined by the distance of the loft support from the upper stem end, so that a larger area can be used in the loft.

In a further development of the invention it can be provided that the support for the floor ceiling closest to the roof structure is formed by beams fixed to the stems at a distance from their upper ends.

This means that the floor slab is supported along its entire boundary, its load can thus be transferred evenly to all stems of the wall frame construction.

In this context, it can be advantageous to fix the beams to the stems by means of screws that protrude through the stems and the beams, because in this way a particularly reliable and easy to produce connection can be created.

Another feature of the invention may be that the beams are inserted into recesses in the stems.

Beams and stems are positively connected to each other, which connection allows a particularly reliable transmission of pressure forces.

Furthermore, it can be provided that the stems and the beams are made of wood.

Such beams and stems have a low weight with sufficient strength and are therefore easy to handle.

According to a variant of the invention it can be provided that a plate, on the top and bottom of which are formed substantially normal to the plane of the plate, are formed between the stem and the bar, the nail-like extensions of the plate protruding into the stem and the bar.

An additional fixation of the beams on the stems can be achieved.

As an alternative to the previously discussed construction method of prefabricated houses, it is also possible to form those by plate-shaped wall elements made of reinforced concrete, which wall elements extend continuously from the basement ceiling to the roof truss, the support for the roof truss being arranged at the upper end of the wall elements Bar is formed.

Here, too, it is customary to jointly provide the support for the roof truss and the support for the floor ceiling closest to the roof truss at the upper end of the wall elements. The same disadvantages of the previously explained construction method result.

Another object of the invention is therefore to provide a possibility for increasing the prefabricated construction described last, to increase the ceiling height in the attic of the building.

This is achieved according to the invention in that the support for the floor ceiling closest to the roof structure is arranged on the wall elements at a distance from their upper ends.

Thus, the loft itself has a ceiling height determined by the distance of the loft support from the upper end of the wall elements, so that in the attic

AT 402 314 B which a larger area can be used.

In this connection, it can be provided that the support for the floor ceiling closest to the roof structure is formed by a molded on the wall elements at a distance from their upper ends, extending across the width of the wall elements and integral with the wall elements.

This means that the floor slab is supported along its entire boundary, so that its load can be transferred evenly to all wall elements.

In a prefabricated house, in which the floor slab closest to the roof structure is made of reinforced concrete and rests on the moldings formed on the wall elements, it can be provided that both the reinforcement of the wall element in question and the reinforcement of the floor slab are exposed and these exposed reinforcements are connected by a concrete block.

In this way, the floor ceiling can be secured particularly easily against slipping sideways.

The invention is described below with reference to the preferred embodiments shown in the drawings. Show:

1a, b of a prefabricated house constructed in accordance with the invention in elevation in section and in plan:

Fig. Lc, d a prefabricated house built in a known manner in elevation in section and in plan:

2 shows the upper end region of handles made of wood according to the invention in elevation in section;

3a, b show the detail B of FIG. 2 with two different possibilities of fixing the storey ceiling support on the stems in elevation on average;

4 shows a vertical section through the floor ceiling;

5 shows the upper end region of stems formed according to the invention and made of reinforced concrete in elevation in section;

6 shows the detail A of FIG. 5 in elevation in section and FIG. 7 shows a floor ceiling made of reinforced concrete in section.

For the time being, reference is made to prefabricated houses, the walls of which have supporting frame structures. These frame constructions, which run in the vertical direction and have beams 2 running in the horizontal direction, are covered on both sides, that is to say on the inside and outside of the building, with continuous claddings 3, 4.

Although not explicitly shown in the accompanying drawings, in addition to the vertically and horizontally extending stems 1 and beams 2, obliquely extending support struts which connect adjacent stems 1 and beams 2 to one another can also be provided.

The space enclosed between the cladding 3, 4 is generally filled with insulating material. As shown in FIG. 2, the space between the claddings 3, 4 can also be partly filled with dam material, namely between the stems 1, and partly has an air-filled cavity 5, which cavity 5 also has a heat-insulating effect.

In such a construction, the roof structure 6 is placed on beams 2 which connect the upper ends of the stems 1 to one another.

As shown in Fig.lc, so far - for the sake of simplicity - the floor ceiling closest to the roof structure 6, i.e. the attic ceiling DB, has been placed on this beam 2, which results in the disadvantages discussed at the outset.

In contrast, in the sense of the invention for the attic ceiling DB, a separate support is created on the stems 1, which support is fixed to the stems 1 at a distance from the upper ends of the stems - the roof truss support - and according to the preferred embodiment shown in the drawings by a the stems 1 fixed beam 2 'is formed. In order to be able to place the attic ceiling DB on this beam 2 ', it is arranged on the side surfaces of the stems 1 facing the interior of the building.

The clearance of the attic is increased by the support of the attic ceiling spaced apart from the roof truss support, thereby creating more usable space in the attic. This is particularly advantageous in connection with the provision of a staircase leading into the attic, because it can be arranged in a corner area of the building (see Fig.la, b), but nevertheless the prescribed minimum distance to the roof surface when the staircase passes through the attic ceiling given is. By placing the staircase in a corner area of the building, it does not build up valuable living space on the lower floors either; moreover, it can be rectangular in plan (see Fig.lb), whereas in 3

AT 402 314 B

Arrangement in the center of the building would have to be formed with spiral steps due to lack of space (see Fig. 1c, d). With such a spiral construction, the individual steps are classified as dangerous " pointed steps " trained who can not be committed quickly. The dangerousness of the steps can be reduced in the case of a rectangular construction, since steps with a constant width only occur over their entire length.

In principle, the way of connecting stems 1 and beams 2 'is arbitrary, but it must be such that the entire load of the attic ceiling DB can be transferred to the stems 1 without the connection of the beams to the stems being released.

This condition is fulfilled, for example, by a screw connection in which the beams 2 'are fixed to the rods 1 by means of screws 7 which project through the rods 1 and the rods 2'.

This type of connection can be supported by various measures, e.g. particularly favorable to insert the bars 2 'into recesses 8 recessed in the stems 1, as is shown in FIGS. 2 and 3a. This creates a non-positive connection, with the help of which the attic ceiling load can be transmitted particularly reliably to the stems 1.

Wood is usually used as the material for beams 2 'and stems 1. Such beams 2 'and stems 1 can be nailed together, such a nail connection also being used to support a screw connection. An example of this is shown in Fig.3b. Analogously to FIG. 3a, the bar 2 'is fixed here on the side surfaces of the stems 1 facing the inside of the building, a plate 9 being arranged between the stalk 1 and the bar 2', the top and bottom of which have nail-like extensions which are substantially normal to the plane of the board 91.92 are integrally formed. The one extension 91 projects into the stem 1, the other extensions 92 in the bar 2 '. When assembling this construction, the procedure is such that the plate 9 is first hammered into the handle 1, then the beam 2 'is placed on the extensions 92 and finally the screwing of the handle 1 and beam 2' is carried out with the screws 7 .

4 shows a cross section through a loft ceiling DB. It is formed by posts 10 which are placed upright on the beams 2 'described above. To form a closed ceiling, the posts 10 are covered on both sides with claddings 11, 12, which can be formed, for example, from plasterboard. The top panel 11 is covered with a floor 13 if necessary.

As shown in FIGS. 3a, b, the posts 10 in the beam support area can be provided with a recess 14, which recess 14 has a height h which corresponds to the thickness of the beam 2 '. As a result, the lower edge of the beam and the post are aligned, so that the lower cladding 12 of the loft ceiling DB can be fixed to the post 10 in a manner that overrides the beam 2 '. This means that the underside of the attic ceiling can be made completely continuous.

In order to prevent lateral displacements of the posts 10, these are attached using " angle brackets " 15, these are L-shaped sheets, both legs of which have holes, fixed to the beam 2 '. As can best be seen from FIG. 3a, the first leg of the angle bracket 15 is placed on the post 10, the second leg on the beam 2 'and fastened there in each case by means of screws or nails.

As can be seen in FIG. 4, adjacent posts 10 can be connected to one another, e.g. be connected by means of screws 16; the space enclosed between the claddings 11, 12 is at least partially filled with an insulating material.

A second type of construction of prefabricated houses is to manufacture their walls by means of plate-shaped elements 20 formed from reinforced concrete. Such elements are usually floor-to-ceiling, in single-storey buildings thus extending from the basement ceiling to the roof truss support. Analogous to the construction variant described above, the roof truss 6 is also placed here on a beam 2 arranged at the upper end of the wall elements 20, whereby according to previous practice this support also serves as a support for the attic ceiling DB.

The wall elements 20 have a cladding 3 on the inside of the building, which e.g. is formed by plasterboard. On the outside of the building there is an insulation layer 40 and a plaster 41 covering it.

According to the invention, the support for the floor ceiling DB closest to the roof structure 6 is also arranged on the wall elements 20 at a distance from their upper ends. In this case, the support is already produced during the manufacture of the wall elements 20 and is preferably formed by strips 21 formed on the wall elements 20 at a distance from their upper ends, which extend over the width of the wall elements 20 and are formed in one piece with the wall elements 20, educated. These strips 21 are formed in the exemplary embodiments of the drawings with a rectangular cross section, which, however, also other shapes, such as Can have a square, triangular, trapezoidal shape or the like. 4th

Claims (9)

ΑΤ 402 314 Β FIG. 6 shows a strip 21 molded onto a wall element 20 in detail, in this illustration it can be seen that the strip 21 has a reinforcement 22 which is connected to the reinforcement of the wall element 20. A particularly intimate and reliable connection of the strip 21 and the wall elements 20 can thereby be achieved. The loft ceiling DB can be formed in this version of the walls as above by posts 10 which are provided with cladding. However, after the walls are made of reinforced concrete, it is common to also manufacture the floor ceilings and thus the attic ceiling DB from reinforced concrete. A section through such a reinforced concrete ceiling is shown in Fig. 7. This has a closed, plate-shaped upper part 23, on the underside of which ribs 24 are formed. At the ends of the ribs 24 facing away from the upper part 23, wooden strips 25 are arranged, on which a cladding 12, e.g. made of plasterboard. On the top of the upper part 23 there is a layer of insulating material 26 and a floor 13 above it. With regard to the support of the attic ceiling DB on the strips 21, the ribs 24 take over the function of the posts 10 of the previously described exemplary embodiment. Correspondingly, the ribs 24 can also be provided with cutouts 14, as a result of which the edges of the strips and the lower ribs are aligned; subsequently, the panel 12 covering the strips 21 can be attached. The fixing of the posts 10 to the beams 2 'by means of angle brackets could be transferred to the concrete ribs 24 and the strips 21, but it is more favorable to anchor the ribs 24 to the strips 21 in the manner shown in FIG. A part of the reinforcement of the rib 24 and a part of the reinforcement of the wall element 20 protrude from the relevant components. These exposed reinforcements are encased in concrete and are thus connected to one another by a concrete block 27 once it has hardened. 1. Prefabricated house, the walls of which are formed from load-bearing, inside and outside of the building covered with cladding frame structures, the frame structure of each wall comprising vertical stems (1) and at least one horizontal beam (2) and wherein the support for the roof structure (6 ) is formed by a beam (2) connecting the upper ends of the stems (1), characterized in that the support for the floor ceiling (DB) closest to the roof structure (6) is arranged on the stems (1) at a distance from their upper ends is (Fig. 2). 2. prefabricated house according to claim 1, characterized in that the support for the roof truss (6) closest floor ceiling (DB) is formed by on the stems (1) at a distance from their upper ends beams (2 ') (Fig. 2nd ). 3. Prefabricated house according to claim 2, characterized in that the beams (2 ') by means of the stems (1) and the beams (2') projecting screws (7) on the stems (1) are fixed (Fig. 2, 3a) . 4. prefabricated house according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that the beams (2 ') in the stems (1) recesses (8) are inserted (Fig. 3a). 5. Prefabricated house according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the stems (1) and the beams (2) are made of wood. 6. prefabricated house according to claim 5, characterized in that between the handle (1) and the beam (2 ') a plate (9), on the top and bottom of which are formed substantially normal to the plate plane nail-like extensions (91, 92), is arranged, the nail-like extensions (91, 92) of the plate (9) protruding into the handle (1) and beam (2 ') (Fig. 3b). 7. prefabricated house, the walls of which are formed by plate-shaped elements (20) made of reinforced concrete, which elements (20) extend continuously from the basement ceiling to the roof truss, the support for the roof truss (6) being provided by a wall element at the upper end ( 20) arranged beams (2) is formed, characterized in that the support for the roof ceiling (6) closest floor ceiling (DB) on the wall elements (20) is arranged at a distance from their upper ends (Fig. 5). 5 AT 402 314 B 8. prefabricated house according to claim 7, characterized in that the support for the roof truss (6) closest floor ceiling (DB) by a molded on the wall elements (20) at a distance from their upper ends, over the width of the wall elements (20) extending and with the wall elements (20) one-piece bar (21) is formed (Fig. 5, 6). 5 9. prefabricated house according to claim 8, wherein the roof structure (6) nearest floor (DB) is made of reinforced concrete and rests on the molded on the wall elements (20) strips (21), characterized in that above the strips (21) both the reinforcement of the relevant wall element as well as the reinforcement of the floor ceiling are exposed and these exposed reinforcements are connected to each other by a concrete block (27) (Fig. 5, 6). With 3 sheets of drawings 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 SS 6