EP1323225B1 - Machine electrique - Google Patents

Machine electrique Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1323225B1
EP1323225B1 EP01978177A EP01978177A EP1323225B1 EP 1323225 B1 EP1323225 B1 EP 1323225B1 EP 01978177 A EP01978177 A EP 01978177A EP 01978177 A EP01978177 A EP 01978177A EP 1323225 B1 EP1323225 B1 EP 1323225B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
stator
rotor
electrical machine
machine
machine according
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Revoked
Application number
EP01978177A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP1323225A1 (fr
Inventor
Kurt Reutlinger
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Robert Bosch GmbH
Original Assignee
Robert Bosch GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
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First worldwide family litigation filed litigation Critical https://patents.darts-ip.com/?family=7657309&utm_source=google_patent&utm_medium=platform_link&utm_campaign=public_patent_search&patent=EP1323225(B1) "Global patent litigation dataset” by Darts-ip is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Application filed by Robert Bosch GmbH filed Critical Robert Bosch GmbH
Publication of EP1323225A1 publication Critical patent/EP1323225A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1323225B1 publication Critical patent/EP1323225B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Revoked legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K21/00—Synchronous motors having permanent magnets; Synchronous generators having permanent magnets
    • H02K21/12—Synchronous motors having permanent magnets; Synchronous generators having permanent magnets with stationary armatures and rotating magnets
    • H02K21/14—Synchronous motors having permanent magnets; Synchronous generators having permanent magnets with stationary armatures and rotating magnets with magnets rotating within the armatures
    • H02K21/16—Synchronous motors having permanent magnets; Synchronous generators having permanent magnets with stationary armatures and rotating magnets with magnets rotating within the armatures having annular armature cores with salient poles
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K3/00—Details of windings
    • H02K3/04—Windings characterised by the conductor shape, form or construction, e.g. with bar conductors
    • H02K3/24—Windings characterised by the conductor shape, form or construction, e.g. with bar conductors with channels or ducts for cooling medium between the conductors
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
    • H02P9/00—Arrangements for controlling electric generators for the purpose of obtaining a desired output
    • H02P9/14—Arrangements for controlling electric generators for the purpose of obtaining a desired output by variation of field
    • H02P9/26—Arrangements for controlling electric generators for the purpose of obtaining a desired output by variation of field using discharge tubes or semiconductor devices
    • H02P9/30—Arrangements for controlling electric generators for the purpose of obtaining a desired output by variation of field using discharge tubes or semiconductor devices using semiconductor devices

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an electrical machine according to the preamble of the independent claim.
  • U.S. Patent 6,163,128 a method is known for the control of electrical machines, by means of which electrical machines can be operated in field weakening mode.
  • synchronous machines can be controlled with a permanent magnetically excited rotor and a stator winding. Details are not given to the electric machine.
  • the electrical machine according to the invention with the features of the main claim has the advantage that the main field inductance is particularly high due to the special design of the stator and is therefore particularly suitable for a field weakening operation.
  • the short-circuit current can be reduced to such an extent that it is of the order of magnitude of the nominal current and thus enables a theoretically infinite field weakening range.
  • the zero inductance of the machine becomes vanishingly small in this arrangement.
  • For a tooth of the stator uses the full flow of a permanent magnet or the rotor is provided to perform the coil width of a coil not greater than a pole pitch. Due to the principle, there are then open grooves with a minimum opening of one third of the pole pitch.
  • the winding technology is simplified or on the other hand prefabricated coils can be inserted into the open slots.
  • the field-oriented control means that the machine receives the particularly favorable behavior - in particular the controllability - of a DC machine.
  • the field-forming longitudinal flow and the torque-forming transverse flow can be controlled separately and the machine can no longer tilt.
  • the longitudinal speed in the machine is set to zero in the basic speed range. As a result, the machine generates the required torque with the minimum current and thus the smallest machine losses.
  • the field weakening operation causes the electric machine to be above a speed at which the terminal voltage of the machine reaches the maximum value of the inverter voltage.
  • the inductance of the machine can be further increased, so that a smaller field weakening current is necessary, thereby reducing the load on the machine.
  • a cooling medium is passed through at least one groove, a particularly good and effective cooling of the coils results.
  • a particularly effective cooling is achieved when here cooling channels for cooling liquid are housed, which directly dissipate the heat by direct or indirect contact with the copper conductors.
  • the cogging torque between the rotor and stator is reduced.
  • the cogging torque causes the torque curve between the rotor and the stator is uneven, thereby low-frequency vibrations occur, which lead to vibrations of the electric machine and the adjacent components.
  • a reduction of the cogging torque thus leads to an improvement in ride comfort or a rounder torque curve. Due to the reduced cogging torque but also higher-frequency vibrations and thus noise are avoided beyond. If one executes the tooth width of a single tooth of the stator in the circumferential direction between 2/3 of a pole pitch and a full pole pitch, the cogging torque with the attendant disadvantages is also avoided by this measure.
  • FIG. 1 an electric machine 10 is shown, which carries a stator 16 in a housing 13. Within the stator 16, a permanent magnet excited rotor 19 is arranged.
  • the stator 16 can be controlled or regulated by a converter 22, which in turn is controlled by a Control device (23) can be influenced.
  • the rotor 19 carries at its periphery a plurality of permanent magnets 25, wherein the permanent magnets 25 are arranged so that alternate at the stator 16 facing surface of the rotor 19 north poles and south poles.
  • an air gap 28th Between the cylindrical surface of the rotor 19 and the surface of the stator 16 is an air gap 28th
  • FIG. 2 shows a stretched representation, that is development of the mutually facing portions of the rotor 19 and the stator 16.
  • four formed by the permanent magnets 25 poles of the rotor 19 and formed by three teeth 31 poles 32 of the stator 16 are opposite.
  • the three teeth 31 each carry a coil 34 of a phase winding 36.
  • All three phase windings 36 together form a multi-phase winding 38, which in this case represents a three-phase winding.
  • the phase windings 36 have the usual designations for a three-phase winding U, W and V.
  • two coil sides 42 of different-phase coils 34 are arranged in each case in a groove 33.
  • a tooth width b z is slightly smaller in the example than a pole pitch T p .
  • the distance A between two teeth 31 is therefore slightly greater than 1/3 of a pole pitch T p .
  • the stator 16 of the electric machine 10 has a number of poles which corresponds to n times the number of phases of a multi-phase winding 38 in the stator 16.
  • each phase winding 36 consists of at least one coil 34, which are arranged side by side in the stator 16.
  • the rotor 19 has a number of poles which corresponds to n times the number 4.
  • n is a different from Zero distinctive integer.
  • a pole 32 of the stator 16 has a maximum width of a pole pitch Tp and the distance A of two poles 32 of the stator 16 corresponds to at least one third of the pole pitch Tp.
  • a passage for a cooling medium for example, here cooling air can flow.
  • a cooling tube 45 of a liquid cooling system 46 which is arranged between these two coil sides 42 and leads in its interior a cooling liquid 48.
  • FIG. 3 a second embodiment of the stator 16 and the rotor 19 is shown.
  • each eight permanent magnets 25 of the rotor 19 and six teeth 31 of the stator 16 are opposite.
  • only every second tooth 31 carries a coil 34, so that a coil side 42 of a coil 34 is arranged in a respective groove 33.
  • FIG. 3A a detail is shown in the formation of the teeth 31.
  • the air gap 28 between a tooth 31 and the cylindrical surface of the rotor 19 is widened in the direction of the peripheral ends of the tooth 31.
  • the tooth 31 has a curved surface to the rotor 19 surface. Thereby, the distance in the center of the tooth 31 to the rotor 19 is smaller than at the lateral ends of the tooth 31.
  • the tooth 31 has a straight surface, so that again the distance between the tooth 31 and the rotor 19 in the center of the tooth is the smallest.
  • the gap between a tooth 31 and the rotor 19 is then formed most favorable when the magnetic field in the air gap has a sinusoidal course.
  • the current is regulated as a function of the rotor position.
  • the stator current is set to produce the maximum torque. This means that in the machine 10 a flood is generated, which is perpendicular to the rotor field.
  • the field-oriented regulation takes place below a maximum output voltage of the converter 22.
  • FIG. 4 the simplified equivalent circuit diagram of the machine 10 is shown.
  • the electric machine 10 is reduced to an inductive reactance X, which is connected in series within the machine 10 of a multi-phase voltage generating voltage source 50.
  • a voltage U1 corresponds to the terminal voltage which is established at a current supplied by the converter 22.
  • FIG. 5 is the associated phasor diagram for the electric machine 10 according to FIG. 4 shown here, the representation for generator operation is selected.
  • d is the longitudinal axis (axis in the direction of the poles) in the machine and q is the transverse axis (perpendicular to the d-axis).
  • the inverter 22 can only set a maximum voltage U 1, max at the terminals of the multi-phase winding 38. This voltage is predetermined by a supply voltage of the converter 22 and by its internal circuit. Since with increasing speed, the voltage generated by the rotor Up in the multiphase winding 38 of the machine increases linearly, the voltage Up reaches the maximum inverter voltage from a certain speed and can no longer realize the operation with a pure cross-flow I1 and continue to higher speeds.
  • FIG. 6 is shown for a stator voltage Up, which is greater than the maximum inverter voltage U1, the phasor diagram. In this operating range, the converter voltage U1 is set to its maximum value.
  • stator current is as far as possible rotated out of the q-axis, until again results in a stator voltage Up, which corresponds to the maximum inverter voltage U1.
  • the phasor diagram is given in FIG. 7 , Therein, the reactance X is equal to an angular frequency ⁇ multiplied by an inductance L of the polyphase winding 38.
  • a voltage difference U between the stator voltage Up and the maximum inverter voltage U1, max results in the reactive voltage UL, which is the product of reactance and the current I1.
  • the stator voltage Up of the machine is much greater than the maximum converter voltage U1, max, FIG. 8 .
  • a longitudinal current is required, which corresponds approximately to the short-circuit current.
  • This field weakening current is present even at idle of the machine 10 at almost the same height.
  • a machine is required that is short circuit proof. This means that the short-circuit current Ik must not cause any magnetic or thermal damage to the machine.
  • the intermediate circuit 53 is fed from the general supply network, then this can usually not absorb the power and the intermediate circuit voltage exceeds the permissible value, which can lead to the destruction of the inverter.
  • the intermediate circuit 53 is formed by a battery 57. If a failure of the converter 22 occurs here, the machine 10 feeds uncontrolled power via the reverse diodes into the battery (vehicle electrical system) and can cause damage there.

Claims (7)

  1. Machine électrique, en particulier génératrice-démarreur, qui présente
    un rotor (19) excité par magnétisation permanente et un stator (16), le stator (16) portant un enroulement polyphasé (38),
    un convertisseur (22) sur lequel un dispositif de régulation et de commande (23) peut agir et par lequel le stator (16) peut fonctionner en mode à faible champ, caractérisée en ce que
    le rotor (19) présente un nombre de pôles qui correspond à un multiple du nombre des phases de l'enroulement polyphasé (38) du stator (16),
    en ce que l'enroulement (36) de chaque phase est constitué d'au moins une bobine (34),
    en ce que toutes les bobines (34) de l'enroulement polyphasé (38) du stator (16) sont disposées les unes à côté des autres,
    en ce que le rotor (19) présente un nombre de pôles qui correspond à un multiple du nombre 4, un pôle (32) du stator (16) présentant une largeur maximale d'une division polaire (Tp) et
    en ce que la distance (A) entre deux pôles (32) du stator (16) correspond au moins à un tiers de la division polaire (Tp).
  2. Machine électrique selon la revendication 1, caractérisée en ce que le stator (16) peut être régulé en dessous d'une tension maximale de sortie du convertisseur (22) par l'orientation du champ.
  3. Machine électrique selon les revendications 1 ou 2, caractérisée en ce que le stator (16) peut fonctionner au-dessus d'une tension maximale de sortie du convertisseur (22) lorsqu'il fonctionne en mode à faible champ.
  4. Machine électrique selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisée en ce que deux côtés (42) de bobine (34) de phases différentes sont disposés chaque fois dans une rainure (33).
  5. Machine électrique selon l'une des revendications 1 à 4 qui précèdent, caractérisée en ce qu'un côté (42) d'une bobine (34) est disposé chaque fois dans une rainure (33).
  6. Machine électrique selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisée en ce qu'un agent de refroidissement peut être passé dans au moins une rainure (33).
  7. Machine électrique selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisée en ce qu'un entrefer (28) situé entre le rotor (19) et une dent (31) du stator (16) est évasé en direction des extrémités périphériques de la dent (31).
EP01978177A 2000-09-21 2001-09-21 Machine electrique Revoked EP1323225B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE10047108 2000-09-21
DE10047108 2000-09-21
PCT/DE2001/003650 WO2002025796A1 (fr) 2000-09-21 2001-09-21 Machine electrique

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1323225A1 EP1323225A1 (fr) 2003-07-02
EP1323225B1 true EP1323225B1 (fr) 2010-07-07

Family

ID=7657309

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP01978177A Revoked EP1323225B1 (fr) 2000-09-21 2001-09-21 Machine electrique

Country Status (6)

Country Link
US (1) US6703756B2 (fr)
EP (1) EP1323225B1 (fr)
JP (1) JP2004509599A (fr)
AT (1) ATE473541T1 (fr)
DE (1) DE50115545D1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2002025796A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6838778B1 (en) 2002-05-24 2005-01-04 Hamilton Sundstrand Corporation Integrated starter generator drive having selective torque converter and constant speed transmission for aircraft having a constant frequency electrical system
US6838779B1 (en) * 2002-06-24 2005-01-04 Hamilton Sundstrand Corporation Aircraft starter generator for variable frequency (vf) electrical system
DE10229333A1 (de) * 2002-06-29 2004-01-29 Robert Bosch Gmbh Elektrische Maschine, insbesondere bürstenlose Maschine mit permanentmagnetisch erregtem Läufer
US6864662B2 (en) * 2003-04-30 2005-03-08 Visteon Global Technologies, Inc. Electric power assist steering system and method of operation
US8089179B2 (en) * 2009-03-19 2012-01-03 Hamilton Sundstrand Corporation Hybrid aircraft electrical architecture with both variable and constant frequency generators
US8018086B2 (en) * 2009-05-18 2011-09-13 Hamilton Sundstrand Corporation Hybrid constant/variable frequency starter drive
US10205358B2 (en) 2014-04-12 2019-02-12 GM Global Technology Operations LLC Electric machine for a vehicle powertrain and the electric machine includes a permanent magnet
US10284036B2 (en) * 2015-08-24 2019-05-07 GM Global Technology Operations LLC Electric machine for hybrid powertrain with engine belt drive
CN114598082A (zh) * 2022-03-05 2022-06-07 宁波恒帅股份有限公司 一种谐波磁场驱动电机

Family Cites Families (16)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH03106869U (fr) * 1990-02-16 1991-11-05
US6008614A (en) * 1991-03-08 1999-12-28 Honda Giken Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Synchronous motor with permanent magnets and motor system
JPH04289759A (ja) * 1991-03-18 1992-10-14 Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd ブラシレスモータ
US5304882A (en) * 1992-05-11 1994-04-19 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. Variable reluctance motors with permanent magnet excitation
DE4310226A1 (de) * 1993-03-31 1994-10-06 Philips Patentverwaltung Mittels Permanentmagneten erregter elektrischer Motor
EP0638457B1 (fr) 1993-08-10 1999-03-03 Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha Appareil pour l'entraínement et contrôle d'un moteur synchrone utilisant des aimants permanents comme système d'excitation
US5825113A (en) 1995-07-05 1998-10-20 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. Doubly salient permanent magnet machine with field weakening (or boosting) capability
US6028385A (en) * 1995-10-19 2000-02-22 Tridelta Industries, Inc. Switched reluctance motor
JP3029792B2 (ja) * 1995-12-28 2000-04-04 日本サーボ株式会社 多相永久磁石型回転電機
US5889347A (en) * 1996-07-09 1999-03-30 Emerson Electric Co. Reluctance machine with fractional pitch winding and drive therefore
JPH10150737A (ja) * 1996-11-18 1998-06-02 Hitachi Ltd 回転電機の回転子
JPH10164779A (ja) * 1996-11-26 1998-06-19 Fuji Electric Co Ltd アクシャルギャップ同期機
US6075302A (en) * 1997-10-20 2000-06-13 Mccleer; Patrick J. Brushless heteropolar inductor machine
JP3428896B2 (ja) * 1998-05-07 2003-07-22 オークマ株式会社 トルクリップルを低減したモータ
DE69928363T2 (de) * 1998-12-25 2006-06-01 Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd., Kadoma Motor mit im Rotor eingebetteten geteilten Dauermagneten
US6163128A (en) 1999-08-20 2000-12-19 General Motors Corporation Method and drive system for controlling a permanent magnet synchronous machine

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US20020190587A1 (en) 2002-12-19
US6703756B2 (en) 2004-03-09
DE50115545D1 (de) 2010-08-19
ATE473541T1 (de) 2010-07-15
WO2002025796A1 (fr) 2002-03-28
JP2004509599A (ja) 2004-03-25
EP1323225A1 (fr) 2003-07-02

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