EP1322677A1 - Catalysateur pour la polymerisation des olefines - Google Patents
Catalysateur pour la polymerisation des olefinesInfo
- Publication number
- EP1322677A1 EP1322677A1 EP01969906A EP01969906A EP1322677A1 EP 1322677 A1 EP1322677 A1 EP 1322677A1 EP 01969906 A EP01969906 A EP 01969906A EP 01969906 A EP01969906 A EP 01969906A EP 1322677 A1 EP1322677 A1 EP 1322677A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- carbon atoms
- polymerization
- catalyst according
- group
- catalyst
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 67
- 150000001336 alkenes Chemical class 0.000 title claims abstract description 51
- JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N olefin Natural products CCCCCCCC=C JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 29
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims abstract description 46
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical compound [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 125000002877 alkyl aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 125000000753 cycloalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical class [H]* 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- TUJKJAMUKRIRHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydroxyl Chemical compound [OH] TUJKJAMUKRIRHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical group [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 229910052787 antimony Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- WATWJIUSRGPENY-UHFFFAOYSA-N antimony atom Chemical group [Sb] WATWJIUSRGPENY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229910052785 arsenic Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- RQNWIZPPADIBDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N arsenic atom Chemical group [As] RQNWIZPPADIBDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical group [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 71
- -1 arylalkyl radicals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 55
- VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethene Chemical compound C=C VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 35
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 34
- 239000005977 Ethylene Substances 0.000 claims description 33
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 24
- 150000003254 radicals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 22
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000008346 aqueous phase Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000003446 ligand Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000012442 inert solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000012429 reaction media Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000004430 oxygen atom Chemical group O* 0.000 claims description 4
- QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene Natural products CC=C QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000004805 propylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([*:1])C([H])([H])[*:2] 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dioxygen Chemical compound O=O MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000005840 aryl radicals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000004437 phosphorous atom Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000004434 sulfur atom Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 7553-56-2 Chemical compound [I] ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Bromine atom Chemical compound [Br] WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- PXGOKWXKJXAPGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine Chemical compound FF PXGOKWXKJXAPGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000005667 attractant Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000001797 benzyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(C([H])=C1[H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 2
- GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N bromine Substances BrBr GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052794 bromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000001153 fluoro group Chemical group F* 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000006343 heptafluoro propyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052740 iodine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011630 iodine Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000002815 nickel Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000000449 nitro group Chemical group [O-][N+](*)=O 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000000538 pentafluorophenyl group Chemical group FC1=C(F)C(F)=C(*)C(F)=C1F 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000002023 trifluoromethyl group Chemical group FC(F)(F)* 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000000379 polymerizing effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical group [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 2
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 26
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 24
- 239000012074 organic phase Substances 0.000 description 15
- 239000003995 emulsifying agent Substances 0.000 description 14
- 239000004816 latex Substances 0.000 description 14
- 229920000126 latex Polymers 0.000 description 14
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 13
- ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Triethylamine Chemical compound CCN(CC)CC ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 11
- XYFCBTPGUUZFHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphine Chemical compound P XYFCBTPGUUZFHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 9
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 9
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 9
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 8
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 description 8
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 7
- 125000004494 ethyl ester group Chemical group 0.000 description 7
- 239000004912 1,5-cyclooctadiene Substances 0.000 description 6
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- IMNFDUFMRHMDMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Heptane Chemical compound CCCCCCC IMNFDUFMRHMDMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000005481 NMR spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 6
- JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyridine Chemical compound C1=CC=NC=C1 JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000002270 dispersing agent Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 description 6
- GYNNXHKOJHMOHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl-cycloheptane Natural products CC1CCCCCC1 GYNNXHKOJHMOHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Hexane Chemical compound CCCCCC VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-pentane Natural products CCCCC OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000002685 polymerization catalyst Substances 0.000 description 6
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910000073 phosphorus hydride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- CTQNGGLPUBDAKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N O-Xylene Chemical group CC1=CC=CC=C1C CTQNGGLPUBDAKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- URLKBWYHVLBVBO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Para-Xylene Chemical group CC1=CC=C(C)C=C1 URLKBWYHVLBVBO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 4
- DMEGYFMYUHOHGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N cycloheptane Chemical compound C1CCCCCC1 DMEGYFMYUHOHGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000002296 dynamic light scattering Methods 0.000 description 4
- DCAYPVUWAIABOU-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexadecane Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC DCAYPVUWAIABOU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- NNPPMTNAJDCUHE-UHFFFAOYSA-N isobutane Chemical compound CC(C)C NNPPMTNAJDCUHE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 4
- UAEPNZWRGJTJPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N methylcyclohexane Chemical compound CC1CCCCC1 UAEPNZWRGJTJPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000000693 micelle Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 4
- LIKMAJRDDDTEIG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-hexene Chemical compound CCCCC=C LIKMAJRDDDTEIG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000004293 19F NMR spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005160 1H NMR spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 3
- WSSSPWUEQFSQQG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-methyl-1-pentene Chemical compound CC(C)CC=C WSSSPWUEQFSQQG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 3
- 125000000129 anionic group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 238000006555 catalytic reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000000921 elemental analysis Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 description 3
- MYHOHFDYWMPGJY-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentafluorobenzoyl chloride Chemical compound FC1=C(F)C(F)=C(C(Cl)=O)C(F)=C1F MYHOHFDYWMPGJY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 3
- 159000000001 potassium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridine Natural products COC1=CC=CN=C1 UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000004711 α-olefin Substances 0.000 description 3
- VJVZPTPOYCJFNI-UHFFFAOYSA-M (2-ethoxy-2-oxoethyl)-triphenylphosphanium;bromide Chemical compound [Br-].C=1C=CC=CC=1[P+](C=1C=CC=CC=1)(CC(=O)OCC)C1=CC=CC=C1 VJVZPTPOYCJFNI-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- AFFLGGQVNFXPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-decene Chemical compound CCCCCCCCC=C AFFLGGQVNFXPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KWKAKUADMBZCLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-octene Chemical compound CCCCCCC=C KWKAKUADMBZCLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GTJOHISYCKPIMT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methylundecane Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCC(C)C GTJOHISYCKPIMT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LFEDBFXUKLCAQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-oxo-4-(trifluoromethyl)-2-(triphenyl-lambda5-phosphanylidene)hexanoic acid Chemical compound FC(F)(F)C(C(C(C(=O)O)=P(C1=CC=CC=C1)(C1=CC=CC=C1)C1=CC=CC=C1)=O)CC LFEDBFXUKLCAQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XDTMQSROBMDMFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cyclohexane Chemical compound C1CCCCC1 XDTMQSROBMDMFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- SGVYKUFIHHTIFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isobutylhexyl Natural products CCCCCCCC(C)C SGVYKUFIHHTIFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000003568 Sodium, potassium and calcium salts of fatty acids Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 150000004945 aromatic hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 125000003710 aryl alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 2
- TZCXTZWJZNENPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L barium sulfate Chemical compound [Ba+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O TZCXTZWJZNENPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 239000012455 biphasic mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000001273 butane Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012718 coordination polymerization Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000007334 copolymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- HGCIXCUEYOPUTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclohexene Chemical compound C1CCC=CC1 HGCIXCUEYOPUTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000539 dimer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000007720 emulsion polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000000892 gravimetry Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000001282 iso-butane Substances 0.000 description 2
- VKPSKYDESGTTFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N isododecane Natural products CC(C)(C)CC(C)CC(C)(C)C VKPSKYDESGTTFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000002576 ketones Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- IJDNQMDRQITEOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-butane Chemical compound CCCC IJDNQMDRQITEOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000002894 organic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000002524 organometallic group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 229920000098 polyolefin Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010008 shearing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000000999 tert-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(*)(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 2
- RIOQSEWOXXDEQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N triphenylphosphine Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 RIOQSEWOXXDEQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VYXHVRARDIDEHS-QGTKBVGQSA-N (1z,5z)-cycloocta-1,5-diene Chemical compound C\1C\C=C/CC\C=C/1 VYXHVRARDIDEHS-QGTKBVGQSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AVQABZVTPWROCF-UHFFFAOYSA-M (2-oxo-2-phenylmethoxyethyl)-triphenylphosphanium;bromide Chemical compound [Br-].C=1C=CC=CC=1COC(=O)C[P+](C=1C=CC=CC=1)(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 AVQABZVTPWROCF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- PRBHEGAFLDMLAL-GQCTYLIASA-N (4e)-hexa-1,4-diene Chemical compound C\C=C\CC=C PRBHEGAFLDMLAL-GQCTYLIASA-N 0.000 description 1
- PRBHEGAFLDMLAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,5-Hexadiene Natural products CC=CCC=C PRBHEGAFLDMLAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VXNZUUAINFGPBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-Butene Chemical compound CCC=C VXNZUUAINFGPBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GNTSQLXZTSDIRN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(triphenyl-$l^{5}-phosphanylidene)hexanoic acid Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)(=C(C(O)=O)CCCC)C1=CC=CC=C1 GNTSQLXZTSDIRN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UENRXLSRMCSUSN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3,5-diaminobenzoic acid Chemical compound NC1=CC(N)=CC(C(O)=O)=C1 UENRXLSRMCSUSN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LDTAOIUHUHHCMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-methylpent-1-ene Chemical compound CCC(C)C=C LDTAOIUHUHHCMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MAEDKSWESMOZMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-oxo-4-(2,3,4,5,6-pentafluorophenyl)-2-(triphenyl-lambda5-phosphanylidene)butanoic acid Chemical compound FC1=C(C(=C(C(=C1CC(C(C(=O)O)=P(C1=CC=CC=C1)(C1=CC=CC=C1)C1=CC=CC=C1)=O)F)F)F)F MAEDKSWESMOZMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QTYPJLUVJDWPPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-oxo-4-phenyl-2-(triphenyl-lambda5-phosphanylidene)butanoic acid Chemical compound C(C1=CC=CC=C1)C(C(C(=O)O)=P(C1=CC=CC=C1)(C1=CC=CC=C1)C1=CC=CC=C1)=O QTYPJLUVJDWPPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BASKWDKNEASNDG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-methyl-3-oxo-2-(triphenyl-lambda5-phosphanylidene)hexanoic acid Chemical compound CC(C(C(C(=O)O)=P(C1=CC=CC=C1)(C1=CC=CC=C1)C1=CC=CC=C1)=O)CC BASKWDKNEASNDG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005995 Aluminium silicate Substances 0.000 description 1
- YOOITEGZDDGJTI-UHFFFAOYSA-N CCCOC(=O)C(=P(C1=CC=CC=C1)(C2=CC=CC=C2)C3=CC=CC=C3)C(=O)C(C(C(F)(F)F)(F)F)(F)F Chemical compound CCCOC(=O)C(=P(C1=CC=CC=C1)(C2=CC=CC=C2)C3=CC=CC=C3)C(=O)C(C(C(F)(F)F)(F)F)(F)F YOOITEGZDDGJTI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000004908 Emulsion polymer Substances 0.000 description 1
- IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene oxide Chemical compound C1CO1 IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 108010010803 Gelatin Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 239000002879 Lewis base Substances 0.000 description 1
- 101100030361 Neurospora crassa (strain ATCC 24698 / 74-OR23-1A / CBS 708.71 / DSM 1257 / FGSC 987) pph-3 gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- VEQPNABPJHWNSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel(2+) Chemical compound [Ni+2] VEQPNABPJHWNSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004372 Polyvinyl alcohol Substances 0.000 description 1
- DBMJMQXJHONAFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium laurylsulphate Chemical compound [Na+].CCCCCCCCCCCCOS([O-])(=O)=O DBMJMQXJHONAFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- BCKXLBQYZLBQEK-KVVVOXFISA-M Sodium oleate Chemical compound [Na+].CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC([O-])=O BCKXLBQYZLBQEK-KVVVOXFISA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000004809 Teflon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920006362 Teflon® Polymers 0.000 description 1
- ZGLFRTJDWWKIAK-UHFFFAOYSA-M [2-[(2-methylpropan-2-yl)oxy]-2-oxoethyl]-triphenylphosphanium;bromide Chemical compound [Br-].C=1C=CC=CC=1[P+](C=1C=CC=CC=1)(CC(=O)OC(C)(C)C)C1=CC=CC=C1 ZGLFRTJDWWKIAK-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000002723 alicyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000001338 aliphatic hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000012211 aluminium silicate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- OGBUMNBNEWYMNJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N batilol Chemical class CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCOCC(O)CO OGBUMNBNEWYMNJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001558 benzoic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- CDQSJQSWAWPGKG-UHFFFAOYSA-N butane-1,1-diol Chemical compound CCCC(O)O CDQSJQSWAWPGKG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IAQRGUVFOMOMEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N butene Natural products CC=CC IAQRGUVFOMOMEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004063 butyryl group Chemical group O=C([*])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000003178 carboxy group Chemical group [H]OC(*)=O 0.000 description 1
- 125000002091 cationic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001844 chromium Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 1
- NLDGJRWPPOSWLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N deca-1,9-diene Chemical compound C=CCCCCCCC=C NLDGJRWPPOSWLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001993 dienes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000010790 dilution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012895 dilution Substances 0.000 description 1
- XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethylselenoniopropionate Natural products CCC(O)=O XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002009 diols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920001971 elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000806 elastomer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004945 emulsification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002170 ethers Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- KXINWJIPOLFGOK-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl 3-oxo-4-phenyl-2-(triphenyl-$l^{5}-phosphanylidene)butanoate Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)(C=1C=CC=CC=1)=C(C(=O)OCC)C(=O)CC1=CC=CC=C1 KXINWJIPOLFGOK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002191 fatty alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000706 filtrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005189 flocculation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000016615 flocculation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005227 gel permeation chromatography Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920000159 gelatin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000008273 gelatin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019322 gelatine Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000011852 gelatine desserts Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002638 heterogeneous catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- PYGSKMBEVAICCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexa-1,5-diene Chemical compound C=CCCC=C PYGSKMBEVAICCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920001903 high density polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004700 high-density polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002815 homogeneous catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000265 homogenisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920001519 homopolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydroxyacetaldehyde Natural products OCC=O WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052588 hydroxylapatite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N kaolin Chemical compound O.O.O=[Al]O[Si](=O)O[Si](=O)O[Al]=O NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000007527 lewis bases Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920001684 low density polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004702 low-density polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 description 1
- HCWCAKKEBCNQJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium orthosilicate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[Mg+2].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] HCWCAKKEBCNQJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000391 magnesium silicate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052919 magnesium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000019792 magnesium silicate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000003760 magnetic stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920000609 methyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000001923 methylcellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010981 methylcellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000004530 micro-emulsion Substances 0.000 description 1
- DUWWHGPELOTTOE-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-(5-chloro-2,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-3-oxobutanamide Chemical compound COC1=CC(OC)=C(NC(=O)CC(C)=O)C=C1Cl DUWWHGPELOTTOE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- TVMXDCGIABBOFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Octanol Natural products CCCCCCCC TVMXDCGIABBOFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002825 nitriles Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002829 nitrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000002736 nonionic surfactant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006384 oligomerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- MUJIDPITZJWBSW-UHFFFAOYSA-N palladium(2+) Chemical compound [Pd+2] MUJIDPITZJWBSW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XYJRXVWERLGGKC-UHFFFAOYSA-D pentacalcium;hydroxide;triphosphate Chemical compound [OH-].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O XYJRXVWERLGGKC-UHFFFAOYSA-D 0.000 description 1
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003003 phosphines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 235000019422 polyvinyl alcohol Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000013966 potassium salts of fatty acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- OTYBMLCTZGSZBG-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium sulfate Chemical class [K+].[K+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O OTYBMLCTZGSZBG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 235000011151 potassium sulphates Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 1
- ULWHHBHJGPPBCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N propane-1,1-diol Chemical compound CCC(O)O ULWHHBHJGPPBCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000019260 propionic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000003222 pyridines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000010526 radical polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011541 reaction mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000004062 sedimentation Methods 0.000 description 1
- BTURAGWYSMTVOW-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium dodecanoate Chemical compound [Na+].CCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O BTURAGWYSMTVOW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229940082004 sodium laurate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000019333 sodium laurylsulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- RYYKJJJTJZKILX-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium octadecanoate Chemical compound [Na+].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O RYYKJJJTJZKILX-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229940045870 sodium palmitate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000013875 sodium salts of fatty acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940080350 sodium stearate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000011152 sodium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- JHJUUEHSAZXEEO-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;4-dodecylbenzenesulfonate Chemical compound [Na+].CCCCCCCCCCCCC1=CC=C(S([O-])(=O)=O)C=C1 JHJUUEHSAZXEEO-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- GGXKEBACDBNFAF-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;hexadecanoate Chemical compound [Na+].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O GGXKEBACDBNFAF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000007790 solid phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 1
- XMRSTLBCBDIKFI-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetradeca-1,13-diene Chemical compound C=CCCCCCCCCCCC=C XMRSTLBCBDIKFI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000002604 ultrasonography Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F4/00—Polymerisation catalysts
- C08F4/42—Metals; Metal hydrides; Metallo-organic compounds; Use thereof as catalyst precursors
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F10/00—Homopolymers and copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07F—ACYCLIC, CARBOCYCLIC OR HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING ELEMENTS OTHER THAN CARBON, HYDROGEN, HALOGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN, SULFUR, SELENIUM OR TELLURIUM
- C07F15/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 8, 9, 10 or 18 of the Periodic Table
- C07F15/0006—Compounds containing elements of Groups 8, 9, 10 or 18 of the Periodic Table compounds of the platinum group
- C07F15/006—Palladium compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07F—ACYCLIC, CARBOCYCLIC OR HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING ELEMENTS OTHER THAN CARBON, HYDROGEN, HALOGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN, SULFUR, SELENIUM OR TELLURIUM
- C07F15/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 8, 9, 10 or 18 of the Periodic Table
- C07F15/0006—Compounds containing elements of Groups 8, 9, 10 or 18 of the Periodic Table compounds of the platinum group
- C07F15/0086—Platinum compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07F—ACYCLIC, CARBOCYCLIC OR HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING ELEMENTS OTHER THAN CARBON, HYDROGEN, HALOGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN, SULFUR, SELENIUM OR TELLURIUM
- C07F15/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 8, 9, 10 or 18 of the Periodic Table
- C07F15/04—Nickel compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F4/00—Polymerisation catalysts
- C08F4/42—Metals; Metal hydrides; Metallo-organic compounds; Use thereof as catalyst precursors
- C08F4/72—Metals; Metal hydrides; Metallo-organic compounds; Use thereof as catalyst precursors selected from metals not provided for in group C08F4/44
- C08F4/80—Metals; Metal hydrides; Metallo-organic compounds; Use thereof as catalyst precursors selected from metals not provided for in group C08F4/44 selected from iron group metals or platinum group metals
Definitions
- the present invention relates to the polymerization of olefins, a catalyst for the polymerization of olefins, a process for the preparation of such a catalyst, as well as a process for the polymerization of olefins.
- Polymers of ethylene and other olefins have significant commercial appeal.
- the applications of these polymers are extremely numerous, ranging from products with low molecular weights for lubricants and greases, to products with higher molecular weights for the manufacture of fibers, films, molded objects, elastomers, etc.
- the polymers are obtained by catalytic polymerization of olefins using a compound based on a transition metal.
- the nature of this compound has a very strong influence on the properties of the polymer, its cost, its purity. Given the importance of polyolefins, there is a permanent need to improve the catalytic systems and to propose new ones.
- US Pat. Nos. 4,293,727, 4,301,318 and 4,529,554 relate to processes for the oligomerization of ethylene comprising contacting the ethylene with nickel ylides having sulfonated substituents. These ylures have the particular disadvantage of being difficult to synthesize.
- US Patent No. 4,716,205 relates to the polymerization of ethylene in the presence of certain catalysts containing nickel.
- French patent application published under number 2 784 110 relates to a process for the polymerization of at least one olefin in the presence of at least one catalyst comprising at least one E - M - X chain in which E represents an oxygen atom or sulfur, M represents a nickel or palladium or platinum atom, X represents a phosphorus, arsenic or antimony atom, in a medium comprising a continuous liquid phase which comprises more than 30% by weight of water.
- E represents an oxygen atom or sulfur
- M represents a nickel or palladium or platinum atom
- X represents a phosphorus, arsenic or antimony atom
- radicals R, R, R 3 , R 4 and R 5 which may be identical or different, may be chosen from hydrogen, alkyl, cycloalkyl, aryl, alkylaryl, arylalkyl, halogen, hydroxyl radical , the alkoxide radicals, - C (0) OR 'in which R represents a hydrocarbon radical which may comprise from 1 to 15 carbon atoms, - SO Y in which Y is chosen from Li, Na, K, NH 4 ®, NR " 4 ® in which R "represents a hydrocarbon radical which can comprise from 1 to 15 carbon atoms.
- R 6 , R 7 , R 8 , R 9 , R 10 R 11 and R, 1- 1 -3 0 which may be identical or different, can be chosen from the same list of radicals as R 1 to R 5 above, E'— M'— X * and E "—M" —x "being two sequences of type E — M — X and may be identical or different, R being a bivalent hydrocarbon radical.
- the invention has aim of proposing a new catalyst for the polymerization of olefins, having an improved activity and productivity, even in the presence of a polar medium, the polar mediums generally considerably reducing the activity of the catalysts.
- the invention also proposes to provide a catalyst which can be prepared in situ.
- This catalyst has the following formula:
- E is an oxygen or sulfur atom
- X is a phosphorus, arsenic or antimony atom
- M is a nickel, palladium or platinum atom having an unallocated valence; a is 1 or 2;
- Ri, R 2 , R 3 may be chosen from hydrogen, alkyl radicals cycloalkyls, aryls, alkylaryls, arylalkyls, each generally having from 1 to 20 carbon atoms, the hydroxyl radical, the alkoxide radicals (with from 1 to 20 carbon atoms), —C (0) OR ′ in which R represents a hydrocarbon radical which can comprise from 1 to 15 carbon atoms, -S0 3 Y in which Y is chosen from Li, Na, K, NH ⁇ ®, NR " 4 ® in which R" represents a hydrocarbon radical which can comprise from 1 to 15 carbon atoms; and
- Z represents a hydrocarbon radical comprising from 2 to 3 carbon atoms
- R represents a hydrocarbon radical of valence a; provided that at least one of the radicals Z and R carry at least one electron-withdrawing substituent.
- Such a catalyst therefore makes it possible to obtain a polyolefin such as polyethylene or a copolymer of ethylene, of high molecular weight, with very high activity even in the presence of a polar medium.
- the subject of the invention is also a process for preparing the catalyst according to the invention, comprising the following reaction, in which L is a ligand:
- Another object of the present invention is a process for the polymerization of at least one olefin, including nant contacting said olefin (s) with a catalyst according to the invention.
- the catalyst according to the invention corresponds to the following formula:
- E is an oxygen or sulfur atom
- X is a phosphorus, arsenic or antimony atom
- M is a nickel, palladium or platinum atom having an unallocated valence; a is 1 or 2;
- Ri, R 2 , R 3 may be chosen from hydrogen, alkyl, cycloalkyl, aryl, alkylaryl or arylalkyl radicals, each generally having from 1 to 20 carbon atoms, the hydroxyl radical, the alkoxide radicals ( with 1 to 20 carbon atoms), —C (0) 0R 'in which R' represents a hydrocarbon radical which may comprise from 1 to 15 carbon atoms, -S0 3 Y in which Y is chosen from Li, Na, K , NH 4 ®, NR " 4 ® in which R" represents a hydrocarbon radical which can comprise from 1 to 15 carbon atoms; and
- Z represents a hydrocarbon radical comprising from 2 to 3 carbon atoms
- R represents a hydrocarbon radical of valence a; provided that at least one of the radicals Z and R carry at least one electron-withdrawing substituent.
- Z has 2 carbon atoms and R is chosen from alkyl, cycloalkyl, aryl, alkylaryl or arylalkyl radicals, each generally having from 1 to 20 carbon atoms, preferably from 1 to 10 carbon atoms,
- the catalyst corresponds to the following formula:
- Rf represents a hydrocarbon radical of valence a and carrying said electron-attracting substituent (s);
- R 4 just like R x , R 2 and R 3 , can be chosen from hydrogen, alkyl, cycloalkyl, aryl, alkylaryl, arylalkyl radicals, each generally having from 1 to 20 carbon atoms, the hydroxyl radical, the alkoxide radicals (with from 1 to 20 carbon atoms), —C (0) 0R 'in which R represents a hydrocarbon radical which may comprise from 1 to 15 carbon atoms, -S0 3 Y in which Y is chosen from Li, Na , K, NH 4 ®
- the hydrocarbon radical Rf may be a radical chosen from alkyl, cycloalkyl, aryl, alkylaryl or arylalkyl radicals, generally having from 1 to 20 carbon atoms, preferably from 1 to 10 carbon atoms.
- the electron-withdrawing substituent is a fluorine atom.
- the radical Rf is perfluorinated.
- the radicals R 17 R 2 , R 3 , R 4 which may be identical or different, may be chosen from hydrogen, the alkyl, cycloalkyl, aryl, alkylaryl or arylalkyl radicals, each generally having from 1 to 20 carbon atoms, preferably 1 to 10 carbon atoms, halogens, hydroxyl radical, alkoxide radicals (with from 1 to 20, preferably 1 to 10 carbon atoms), —C (0) 0R 'in which R represents a hydrocarbon radical which may include from 1 to 15, preferably 1 to 6 carbon atoms, - S0 3 Y in which Y is chosen from Li, Na, K, NH 4 ®, NR " 4 ® in which R" represents a hydrocarbon radical which may comprise from 1 15 carbon atoms, preferably 1 to 7 carbon atoms.
- radicals Ri, R 2 , R 3 are chosen from aryl groups, in particular phenyl.
- radical R 4 is a group —C (O) OR ′ in which R represents a hydrocarbon radical which may comprise from 1 to 6 carbon atoms.
- At least one of the radicals R x , R 2 , R 3 , R 4 may optionally be a radical such as the radical Rf defined above.
- M is a nickel atom.
- E is an oxygen atom.
- X is a phosphorus atom.
- the catalysts can be in the form of bimetallic complexes. Mention may be made in particular of those in which a is 2 and R 4 is the group - COOR, R being an alkyl having from 1 to 7 carbon atoms.
- Such catalysts have the formula:
- the catalysts which have proved to be the most interesting are those for which a is equal to 1, the groups Ri, R 2 and R 3 are a phenyl group, R 4 is the group -COOR ', with R' which is an alkyl having
- X is a phosphorus atom
- E is an oxygen atom
- Rf is a fluorinated alkyl or aryl radical.
- R ' is an ethyl, tert-butyl or benzyl group, Rf is then a pentafluorophenyl;
- R ' is an ethyl group and Rf is a trifluoromethyl group
- R ' is an ethyl group and Rf is a heptafluoropropyl group.
- the catalyst according to the invention can be prepared according to a process comprising a step in which a compound corresponding to the following formula (component A) is reacted with a metal derivative M as defined above (in state 0 ), represented M (0), (component B), so as to obtain the catalyst.
- a metal derivative M as defined above (in state 0 ), represented M (0), (component B), so as to obtain the catalyst.
- the metal M is nickel
- NiCOD in fact Ni (COD) 2
- COD representing cis, cis-1, 5-cyclooctadiene.
- L is a ligand generally chosen from phosphines of formula PR 14 R 15 R 16 in which R 14 , R 15 , R 16 , which may be identical or different, may represent alkyl, aryl, alkylaryl, arylalkyl radicals, or from oxides phosphine, ethers, esters, nitriles, ketones, amines, pyridine, substituted pyridines, alcohols.
- the ligand L is an olefin.
- the first route involves separation of the catalytic species before the polymerization is carried out. This approach is described in document US Pat. No. 4,716,205.
- phosphine sponge covers the corresponding "scavengers" in the English language.
- the second way uses the in si tu catalyst preparation.
- the catalytic species is formed "in situ" by introducing the ylide, the Ni (O) complex, into the reactor in the presence of an olefin.
- the catalyst according to the invention is intended to be used for the polymerization of at least one olefin.
- the olefin (s) is (are) non-cyclic (s).
- ethylene or propylene is polymerized.
- the polymerization medium can comprise a liquid aqueous phase.
- the catalyst according to the invention can advantageously be used in a medium comprising more than 30% in water.
- 'prepares the catalyst then one proceeds to a (co) polymerization takes place at a temperature between 0 and 300 ° C, prefer- ence between 25 and 250 ° C and at a total absolute pressure ranging from 1 to 200 bars, preferably from 1 to 100 bars.
- Variants of this embodiment are given in the description following, given with regard to the second preferred embodiment of the invention.
- the method comprises: - in a first step, each of the constituents (A) and (B) being in solution in an inert solvent, as well as the medium, are introduced into a reactor, separately or simultaneously reaction; and - in a second step, the olefin (s) are introduced, the (co) olymerization taking place at a temperature between 0 and 300 ° C, preferably between 25 and 250 ° C, and at an absolute total pressure ranging from 1 at 200 bars, preferably from 1 to 100 bars.
- the inert solvent in which the components (A) and (B) are found for the first step is a solvent compatible with the operations to be carried out.
- solvents that may be mentioned are all those compatible with the polymerization of olefins by organometallic catalysis, in particular saturated aliphatic, saturated alicyclic, aromatic hydrocarbons, such as isobutane, butane, pentane, hexane, heptane, isododecane, cyclohexane, cycloheptane, methylcyclohexane, methylcycloheptane, benzene, toluene, orthoxylene, paraxylene and any mixture of the above compounds.
- the inert solvents of each of components (A) and (B) may be the same or different.
- the reaction medium of the process according to the invention may consist of an organic medium, or else it may comprise a continuous liquid aqueous phase, which comprises more than 30% by weight of water. In the latter case, the aqueous phase may be the only liquid phase of the reaction medium (except the solutions of constituents (A) and (B)). Also in this case, the medium can comprise a liquid organic phase.
- the concentration of component (A) in the inert solvent is preferably between 0.1 micromole and 100 millimoles per liter of solution; and the concentration of component (B) in the inert solvent is preferably between 0.1 micromole and 200 millimoles per liter of solution.
- the process according to the invention is generally carried out under an inert atmosphere.
- the constituents (A) and (B) can be brought into contact in solution in their inert solvent, for a period of less than 15 minutes, before their introduction into the reaction medium, this precontact step also being carried out under inert atmosphere, at a temperature between 0 and 100 ° C, in particular between 10 and 70 ° C.
- the constituents (A) and (B) which are in solution in their inert solvent, can also be introduced separately without preferential order into the reaction medium, the latter being maintained at a temperature of 0 to 100 ° C., particular from 10 to 70 ° C.
- the polymerization medium (organic medium) or the organic phase of a polymerization medium comprising a liquid aqueous phase can be chosen from: saturated aliphatic hydrocarbons, saturated alicyclic hydrocarbons, aromatic hydrocarbons and their mixtures, in particular from isobutane, butane, pentane, hexane, heptane, isododecane, cyclohexane, cycloheptane, methylcyclohexane, methylcycloheptane, benzene, toluene, 1 'orthoxylene, paraxylene and any mixture of these compounds; and insofar as the polymerization conditions keep them in liquid form, the ⁇ -olefins, such as propylene, butene, hexene or 4-methyl pentene-1, the non-conjugated dienes, such as 1, 9-decadiene, 1, 5-hexadiene, 1,13-tetradecadiene, bis
- the polymerization medium comprises an aqueous phase
- the polymerization medium comprises said liquid aqueous phase, a solid phase constituted by the solid polymer resulting from the polymerization, and also comprises, depending on the state physical nature of the olefin to be polymerized, at least one other gas phase and / or another liquid phase.
- an olefin to be polymerized is liquid under the conditions of temperature and pressure of the polymerization, this olefin may be part of a liquid organic phase distinct from the liquid aqueous phase.
- Such a liquid organic phase can also comprise an organic solvent, such as those indicated above, of said olefin.
- the constituents of the possible liquid organic phase are sufficiently insoluble in water that, taking into account its quantity involved, the aqueous phase contains more than 30% of water.
- the polymerization medium comprises two distinct liquid phases
- the latter may for example be present so that the phase different from the aqueous phase represents 1 to 50% of the volume of the aqueous phase.
- the aqueous phase can comprise at least 40%, or even at least 50%, or even at least 60%, even at least 70%, or even at least 80% by weight of water.
- the aqueous phase may comprise, in dissolved form, an organic compound which may be an alcohol or a ketone or a diol such as a glycol, for example ethylene glycol, or propane diol or butane diol.
- This organic compound may have the function of increasing the solubility of the olefin to be polymerized in the aqueous phase.
- the polymerization medium is preferably stirred.
- the stirring is preferably sufficient to distribute the different phases uniformly in the reactor.
- At least one dispersing agent can be added to the polymerization medium.
- a dispersing agent can in particular be used when the polymerization medium comprises a liquid organic phase, in which case it helps the dispersion of said liquid organic phase in the form of droplets surrounded by the continuous aqueous phase.
- the constituents (A) and (B) having been mainly dissolved in the liquid organic phase, the polymerization takes place mainly in the droplets, the latter generally having an average diameter of between 100 ⁇ m and 3 millimeters.
- the dispersing agent can be one of those known to have this function, such as for example a polyvinyl alcohol, methylcellulose, gelatin, kaolin, barium sulphate, hydroxyapatite, magnesium silicate, tricalcite phosphate , or a combination of several of these dispersing agents.
- the dispersing agent can be introduced into the polymerization medium up to 10% by weight relative to the water used and preferably from 0.01% to 5% by weight relative to the weight of water used.
- At least one emulsifying agent can be added to the polymerization medium.
- the use of such an emulsifying agent is particularly recommended when it is desired that the polymerization leads to a latex, that is to say to a set of polymer particles having a number average diameter less than 1 micrometer , said particles being dispersed in the aqueous phase.
- an emulsifying agent it is generally not necessary for the polymerization medium to contain a dispersing agent.
- the emulsifying agent any of the known surface-active agents may be used, whether anionic, non-anionic or even cationic.
- the emulsifying agent can be chosen from anionics such as the sodium or potassium salts of fatty acids, in particular sodium laurate, sodium stearate, sodium palmitate, sodium oleate.
- sodium, mixed sodium or potassium sulfates and fatty alcohol especially sodium laurysulfate, sodium or potassium salts of sulfosuccinic esters, sodium or potassium salts of alkylaryl sulfonic acids, especially dodecylbenzene sodium sulfonate, and the sodium or potassium salts of monosulfonates of fatty monoglycerides, or also among nonionic surfactants such as the reaction products between ethylene oxide and alkylphenols. It is of course possible to use mixtures of such surfactants.
- the emulsifying agent can be introduced into the polymerization medium up to 10% by weight relative to the weight of water, and preferably from 0.01% to 5% by weight relative to the weight of water.
- the emulsifying agent being in an amount greater than the critical micelle concentration
- the polymerization takes place in the droplets of liquid organic phase, which generally have an average diameter of between 1 mm and 1000 mm, and in the micelles which generally have an average diameter between 1 nanometer and 100 nanometers.
- Such a process is similar to the so-called “radical emulsion polymerization” process except that it is not radical.
- the concentration of emulsifying agent is increased, the relative importance of the polymerization taking place in the micelles is increased and the formation of a latex at the end of polymerization is favored.
- the process is similar to the process known as “radical polymerization in microemulsion” except that the polymerization is not radical.
- the polymerization medium comprises a liquid organic phase and an emulsifying agent
- a co-surfactant generally has a solubility in water of less than 1 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 3 mole per liter at 20 ° C.
- Such a co-surfactant can, for example, be hexadecane or alcohol It can be present up to 10% by weight relative to the weight of water and preferably the ratio of the mass of emulsifying agent to that of co-surfactant ranges from 0.5 to 2.
- the presence of this co-surfactant also makes it possible, thanks to sufficient shearing of the medium, to obtain droplets of liquid organic phase of less than 1 mm and promotes the formation of a latex at the end of polymerization. be obtained by ultrasound or by a homogenizer (such as an apparatus of the ultraturax or diax 600 type from the company Heidolph). Once the characteristic droplet size ( ⁇ 1 mm) has been obtained, the stirring can be continued with less vigorous shearing, of the type of shears used for the processes polymerization dice in suspension.
- the polymerization is carried out in mini-emulsion.
- the method according to the invention leads to polymer particles whose diameter can range from 10 nanometers to 5 millimeters.
- the polymerization comprises an emulsifying agent
- a latex is obtained.
- the latex optionally contains particles which tend to decant and it may be desired to carry out a separation, for example by filtration so as to remove these particles which do not part of the latex.
- the polymerization conditions namely quantity of the ingredients in the polymerization medium and degree of conversion from monomer to polymer, can be adapted so that the latex has a solid content ranging from 0.1 to 50% by weight.
- the olefin intended to be polymerized is introduced with sufficient stirring of the polymerization medium, for example stirring ranging from 10 to 10,000 revolutions per minute.
- the olefin can be introduced in liquid or gaseous form, depending on its physical state.
- a high density homopolyethylene is obtained.
- the polymerization of ethylene with at least one olefin other than ethylene leads to the production of an ethylene polymer of lower density than the high density homopolyethylene mentioned above.
- ethylene comonomer (s) it is therefore possible to obtain a polymer of high density ethylene (high density polyethylene), or a polymer of medium density ethylene (polyethylene medium density) or, at a high comonomer level, a polymer of low density ethylene (low density polyethylene).
- the term "high density" means that the density is greater than 0.940, by medium density the fact that the density ranges from 0.925 to 0.940 and by low density does the density is less than 0.925.
- the polymerization can therefore lead to a latex of at least one olefin, that is to say to a polymer comprising polymerized units of at least one olefin, optionally with other units of polymerized monomer.
- at least one olefin is ethylene
- a latex of a polymer of ethylene can be obtained.
- the process according to the invention can therefore lead to a latex of a high density ethylene polymer or to a latex of a polymer of ethylene medium density, even of a polymer of ethylene low density.
- polymer In the context of the present application, the term polymer must be taken in its general sense, so that it covers copolymer homopolymers, interpolymers and mixtures of polymers. The term polymerization should also be taken in an equivalent general sense.
- the set of olefins includes that of the alpha-olefins.
- olefins mention may be made of ethylene, propylene, cyclopentene, 1-hexene, 3-methyl-1-pentene, 4-methyl-1-pentene, 1, 4-hexadiene, 1.9 - decadiene, 1-octene, 1-decene, and cyclic olefins such as cyclohexene.
- the process according to the invention can be carried out batchwise, semi-continuously or continuously.
- the yield is 52%.
- the solution obtained above is introduced into a 1 liter stainless steel reactor equipped with a mechanical magnetic induction stirrer, a thermocouple, a sampling orifice and a double jacket and heated to 70 ° C.
- Ethylene is immediately introduced at a pressure of 3 bars.
- the introduction of ethylene is continued without interruption under a pressure of 3 bars from a 1 liter tank under high pressure.
- the pressure drop in the tank is recorded, so as to assess activity and measure productivity.
- the reaction medium (approximately 400 ml) is added to approximately 600 ml of methanol and approximately 70 g of polymer are then recovered by filtration. Another polymerization test was carried out with a larger amount of catalyst la. The characteristics of the polymerization are given in Table 1.
- polymerization catalysts 1b to 1c are prepared from the ligands of Examples 1 to 4, respectively.
- lf and lg polymerization catalysts are prepared in the same way according to the aforementioned French patent application No. 2 784 110, from ethyl ester of methyl-3-oxo-2- acid. (triphenylphosphoranylidene) hexanoic acid and ethyl ester of benzyl-3-oxo-2- (triphenylphosphoranylidene) propanoic acid, respectively. These two acids have been found commercially.
- Polymerizations no. 1 to 13 are then carried out, following the procedure described in example 5, in b).
- the characteristics of these polymerizations 1 to 13 are given in Table 1 below.
- Example 7 Emulsion and Mini-Emulsion Polymers a) Preparation of the polymerization catalyst 2a In a Schlenk tube, 33 mg of Ni (COD) 2 are dissolved in 10 ml of toluene. To the solution is added 13.3 mg of ethyl ester of trifluoromethyl-3-oxo-2- (triphenyl-phosphoranylidene) hexanoic acid. The solution is stirred for 15 minutes. b) Polymerization
- the solution obtained above is added to 300 ml of water containing 5 g / l of sodium lauryl sulfate (surfactant) in a Teflon flask.
- hexadecane (10 g / per liter of water) is added to the biphasic mixture obtained and the mixture is emulsified using an ultrasonic device such as a Branson 600 W for 2 minutes, with magnetic stirring and under argon.
- homogenization can be performed for 10 minutes using a device called Ultraturrax.
- the reaction medium fine dispersion in the case of a mini-emulsion and biphasic mixture in the case of an emulsion
- a 1 liter stainless steel reactor equipped with a mechanical (magnetic) stirrer, a thermocouple, a sampling port, and a double jacket heated to 70 ° C.
- Ethylene is immediately introduced at a pressure of 20 bars.
- the introduction of ethylene is continued without interruption at a pressure of 20 bars from a 5.5 liter tank under high pressure.
- the pressure drop in the tank is recorded, in order to assess the activity and measure the productivity.
- the reaction medium 300 ml
- the latex is filtered to determine the floc content and the liquid residue is analyzed by dynamic light scattering (DLS) and gravimetry.
- DLS dynamic light scattering
- polymerization catalysts 2b to 2e are prepared from the ligands of Examples 1 to 4, respectively.
- polymerization catalysts 2f and 2g are prepared in the same way according to the state of the art, from ethyl ester of methyl 3-oxo-2- (triphenylphosphoranylidene) hexanoic acid and benzyl-3-oxo-2- (triphenylphosphoranylidene) propanoic acid ethyl ester, respectively.
- the polymerizations are then carried out by following the procedure described in Example 7, in b), the polymerizations 14 to 19 being carried out in emulsion and the polymerizations 20 to 36 in mini-emulsion.
- b benzene is used in place of toluene
- c values determined by dynamic light scattering (DLS) after dilution
- d solid content determined by gravimetry of the latex after filtration
- e the catalyst used is 2b f: emulsification made with an Ultraturax, at low speed g: not measurable (less than 3% of polymer)
- h productivity in the aqueous phase without taking the floc into account
- Catal is the catalyst n ° 2a of the article entitled "Coordination polymerization of ethylène in water by Pd (II) and Ni (II) catalysts" by A. HELD, F. M. BAUERS and S. MECKING, Chem. Comm. , 2000, 301-302;
- Cata2 is the catalyst n ° 6 of the article entitled "Ethylene Homopolymerization with P, 0-Chelated Nickel Catalysts" by U. KLABUNDE, et al., Journal of Polymer Science, Part A: Polymer Chemistry, Vol. 25, 1989-2003 (1987);
- Cata3 is the catalyst No. 8 of the article entitled “Ethylene Homopolymerization with P, 0-Chelated Nickel Catalysts” by U. KLABUNDE, et al., Journal of Polymer Science, Part A: Polymer Chemistry, Vol. 25, 1989-2003 (1987);
- Cata4 is the catalyst n ° 2 of Table 1 ("Table 1") of the aforementioned US patent 4,529,554.
- the productivity of the catalysts according to the invention is at least twice as high as that of the catalysts of the prior art.
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- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Transition And Organic Metals Composition Catalysts For Addition Polymerization (AREA)
- Addition Polymer Or Copolymer, Post-Treatments, Or Chemical Modifications (AREA)
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Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR0011950A FR2814169B1 (fr) | 2000-09-19 | 2000-09-19 | Catalyseur pour la polymerisation des olefines |
| FR0011950 | 2000-09-19 | ||
| PCT/FR2001/002881 WO2002024763A1 (fr) | 2000-09-19 | 2001-09-17 | Catalyseur pour la polymerisation des olefines |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP1322677A1 true EP1322677A1 (fr) | 2003-07-02 |
Family
ID=8854470
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP01969906A Withdrawn EP1322677A1 (fr) | 2000-09-19 | 2001-09-17 | Catalysateur pour la polymerisation des olefines |
Country Status (8)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US7078363B2 (fr) |
| EP (1) | EP1322677A1 (fr) |
| JP (1) | JP2004509990A (fr) |
| KR (1) | KR20030032041A (fr) |
| CN (1) | CN1458939A (fr) |
| AU (1) | AU2001290035A1 (fr) |
| FR (1) | FR2814169B1 (fr) |
| WO (1) | WO2002024763A1 (fr) |
Families Citing this family (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2814169B1 (fr) | 2000-09-19 | 2005-07-08 | Atofina | Catalyseur pour la polymerisation des olefines |
| WO2005080445A1 (fr) * | 2004-02-23 | 2005-09-01 | Kaneka Corporation | Catalyseur de polymérisation d'oléfines |
| US7749934B2 (en) * | 2005-02-22 | 2010-07-06 | Rohm And Haas Company | Protected catalytic composition and its preparation and use for preparing polymers from ethylenically unsaturated monomers |
| US7435701B2 (en) * | 2005-05-27 | 2008-10-14 | Rohm And Haas Company | Catalytic composition and its preparation and use for preparing polymers from ethylenically unsaturated monomers |
| JP5233140B2 (ja) * | 2006-03-30 | 2013-07-10 | 住友化学株式会社 | オレフィン−ビニルスルホン酸塩共重合体および製造方法 |
| JP5111145B2 (ja) * | 2007-02-28 | 2012-12-26 | ローム アンド ハース カンパニー | 非環式脂肪族オレフィンの重合 |
Family Cites Families (15)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE1813866C2 (de) * | 1968-12-11 | 1981-09-17 | Bosch-Siemens Hausgeräte GmbH, 7000 Stuttgart | Back- und Bratrohr |
| US3647914A (en) * | 1969-11-04 | 1972-03-07 | Shell Oil Co | Ethylene oligomerization |
| US3635937A (en) | 1969-11-05 | 1972-01-18 | Shell Oil Co | Ethylene polymerization |
| US3686159A (en) * | 1969-12-19 | 1972-08-22 | Shell Oil Co | Ethylene polymerization |
| US3661803A (en) * | 1970-01-15 | 1972-05-09 | Shell Oil Co | Ethylene polymerization in the presence of complex nickel catalysts containing a glycolic acid,thiogly colic,or thtolactic acid ligand |
| US3637636A (en) * | 1970-01-15 | 1972-01-25 | Shell Oil Co | Ethylene polymerization in the presence of complex nickel catalyst containing benzoic acid derivative ligands |
| JPS54113010A (en) * | 1978-02-24 | 1979-09-04 | Hitachi Ltd | Electric rotary machine |
| US4529554A (en) * | 1980-08-18 | 1985-07-16 | Gulf Research & Development Company | Process for the preparation of nickel ylides containing ylide ligands with a sulfonated group V component |
| US4301318A (en) * | 1980-08-18 | 1981-11-17 | Gulf Research & Development Company | Process for recovering oligomerization product |
| US4293727A (en) * | 1980-08-18 | 1981-10-06 | Gulf Research & Development Company | Process for the oligomerization of ethylene |
| US4716205A (en) * | 1985-10-15 | 1987-12-29 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Nickel-catalyzed polymerization of ethylene |
| BG60319B2 (bg) | 1992-06-26 | 1994-05-27 | Атанас ТОМОВ | Катализатор за полимеризация на етилен и метод за неговото получаване |
| US5929181A (en) * | 1997-06-09 | 1999-07-27 | The B.F.Goodrich Co. | Method for preparation of copolymers of ethylene/norbornene-type monomers with nickel catalysts |
| FR2784110B1 (fr) * | 1998-10-06 | 2003-08-01 | Atochem Elf Sa | Procede de polymerisation des olefines en presence d'eau |
| FR2814169B1 (fr) | 2000-09-19 | 2005-07-08 | Atofina | Catalyseur pour la polymerisation des olefines |
-
2000
- 2000-09-19 FR FR0011950A patent/FR2814169B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2001
- 2001-09-17 KR KR10-2003-7003942A patent/KR20030032041A/ko not_active Ceased
- 2001-09-17 US US10/380,698 patent/US7078363B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2001-09-17 CN CN01815854A patent/CN1458939A/zh active Pending
- 2001-09-17 EP EP01969906A patent/EP1322677A1/fr not_active Withdrawn
- 2001-09-17 JP JP2002529171A patent/JP2004509990A/ja not_active Withdrawn
- 2001-09-17 AU AU2001290035A patent/AU2001290035A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2001-09-17 WO PCT/FR2001/002881 patent/WO2002024763A1/fr not_active Ceased
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| See references of WO0224763A1 * |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| KR20030032041A (ko) | 2003-04-23 |
| JP2004509990A (ja) | 2004-04-02 |
| US20040097672A1 (en) | 2004-05-20 |
| FR2814169B1 (fr) | 2005-07-08 |
| US7078363B2 (en) | 2006-07-18 |
| FR2814169A1 (fr) | 2002-03-22 |
| CN1458939A (zh) | 2003-11-26 |
| WO2002024763A1 (fr) | 2002-03-28 |
| AU2001290035A1 (en) | 2002-04-02 |
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