EP1321260B1 - Method and plant for forming ceramic tiles or slabs - Google Patents

Method and plant for forming ceramic tiles or slabs Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1321260B1
EP1321260B1 EP20020080157 EP02080157A EP1321260B1 EP 1321260 B1 EP1321260 B1 EP 1321260B1 EP 20020080157 EP20020080157 EP 20020080157 EP 02080157 A EP02080157 A EP 02080157A EP 1321260 B1 EP1321260 B1 EP 1321260B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
hopper
tray
cavity
powders
plant
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP20020080157
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP1321260A3 (en
EP1321260A2 (en
Inventor
Pierugo c/o SACMI-Coop. Mecanici Imola- Acerbi
Silvano c/o SACMI-Coop. Meccanici Imola- Valli
Ermes c/o SACMI-Coop. Meccanici Imola- Vandelli
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Sacmi Imola SC
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Sacmi Imola SC
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Sacmi Imola SC filed Critical Sacmi Imola SC
Publication of EP1321260A2 publication Critical patent/EP1321260A2/en
Publication of EP1321260A3 publication Critical patent/EP1321260A3/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1321260B1 publication Critical patent/EP1321260B1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
    • B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
    • B28B13/00—Feeding the unshaped material to moulds or apparatus for producing shaped articles; Discharging shaped articles from such moulds or apparatus
    • B28B13/02—Feeding the unshaped material to moulds or apparatus for producing shaped articles
    • B28B13/0215—Feeding the moulding material in measured quantities from a container or silo
    • B28B13/023—Feeding the moulding material in measured quantities from a container or silo by using a feed box transferring the moulding material from a hopper to the moulding cavities
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
    • B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
    • B28B13/00—Feeding the unshaped material to moulds or apparatus for producing shaped articles; Discharging shaped articles from such moulds or apparatus
    • B28B13/02—Feeding the unshaped material to moulds or apparatus for producing shaped articles
    • B28B13/0215—Feeding the moulding material in measured quantities from a container or silo
    • B28B13/022—Feeding several successive layers, optionally of different materials

Definitions

  • This invention relates to a method for depositing powders into the cavities of forming moulds for their pressing by presses, and the plant for implementing the method.
  • Such ceramic tiles or slabs are produced by compacting, by hydraulic presses, semi-dry atomized, ground or re-granulated powders variously mixed together in prearranged or random manner. Specifically, the powder mixtures are deposited by suitable means into the forming cavities of rigid steel moulds with which the presses are provided, and are then pressed to obtain the product.
  • a widely adopted system for feeding the powders into the mould cavities involves the use of a carriage provided with a bottomless loading tray which moves slidingly along a resting surface aligned with the mould die plate.
  • the carriage moves between a loading position in which the tray lies below a loading hopper, and a discharge position in which the tray lies above the mould forming cavity, which thus receive the powders falling from the tray.
  • the loading method using the described equipment comprises the preparation of a powder mixture within the loading hopper, transferring this mixture into the loading tray, and moving said tray from the loading position to the discharge position to deposit the powder mixture contained in the tray into the interior of the cavities in the press moulds.
  • GB-A-1 326 638 discloses an encaustic tile moulding installation comprising a powder filling unit for a tile mould.
  • the powder-filling unit comprises a hopper with four compartments for powders of different colours.
  • a device for pouring powder into the mould in which a tile is formed by compression Located under the outlet hole of each compartment of the hopper is a device for pouring powder into the mould in which a tile is formed by compression.
  • the pouring device consists of a fixed batcher plate having a port whose shape corresponds to the monochromatic part of the pattern, a carriage having a slot reciprocating over the plate and beneath the mouth of the hopper.
  • a gate valve and an underlying spout command the transfer of the powders to the mould cavity.
  • EP-A 0 693 352 discloses a device for feeding material in powder form into a mould cavity loading carriage in the manufacture of ceramic tiles, said loading carriage having at least one loading compartment with plan dimensions substantially equal to those of a mould cavity, and being driven with reciprocating movement between a retracted position in which the loading compartment receives the material, and an advanced position in which the loading compartment releases the material into the underlying mould cavity
  • the device comprises a horizontal surface which is substantially equal to the plan projection of the carriage loading compartment and lies above this when the carriage is in its retracted position, and a plurality of apertures for passage of the materials. Means are provided for opening and respectively closing the apertures in the perforated surface.
  • the apertures are distributed as at least two separate pluralities, and means are provided for conveying material originating from a respective feed container into each plurality of apertures.
  • a loading system such as the aforedescribed perfectly performs the task of continuously feeding the press without limiting its productivity, but demonstrates certain drawbacks in those cases in which the main objective is to deposit into the mould cavities a mass of mixed-together powders in such a manner as to maintain the same arrangement as they assumed when deposited into the loading hopper.
  • An object of this invention is to overcome the drawbacks of the known art within the framework of a simple and rational solution, which does not prejudice the productivity of the forming lines.
  • the invention comprises a method in accordance with claim 1.
  • the forming method according to the invention comprises the following operative steps:
  • said portions of powders are deposited into the interior of a translating tray having plan dimensions at least equal to the dimensions of said at least one cavity of the mould press.
  • Said tray can translate between a loading position in which it lies below said hopper and a discharge position in which it lies above said at least one cavity.
  • the hopper according to the invention has a capacity such as to contain a mass of powders sufficient for several loadings. If tiles imitating natural stone are to be provided, a mass of powders is deposited into the hopper presenting veining extending within the mass, in the manner of a block of stone. This offers the advantage of obtaining tiles or slabs presenting veining which varies continuously, as would be obtained by sectioning said block of natural stone into successive layers.
  • the invention also comprises the plant for implementing the aforesaid method, in accordance with claim 6.
  • a plant comprises a hopper for containing a mixture of powders presenting veining within the mass in imitation of a natural stone, said hopper having plan dimensions at least equal to the at least one cavity of a forming press, with the lower mouth of said hopper there being associated movable powder distribution means able to deposit into said at least one cavity a succession of powder portions withdrawn from said hopper, until said at least one cavity is completely filled.
  • said hopper is fixed to said powder distribution means, which are associated with the lower mouth of the hopper, are movable and are arranged to withdraw said powder portions and to deposit them in succession into the interior of the bottomless loading tray of a carriage translating between a loading position, in which the tray lies below the powder loading hopper, and a powder unloading position, in which said at least one tray lies above at least one cavity of the mould of a forming press.
  • Said distribution means comprise a translating plate provided centrally with a slot perpendicular to the direction of translation of said carriage, said plate having a length equal to at least double the length of the lower mouth of said hopper, and a width greater than the width of the lower mouth of the hopper, said slot having a width at least equal to the width of the mould cavity, and a dimension in the carriage translation direction which is a function of the graphic resolution which is to be obtained on the finished tile.
  • the greater the dimension of said slot in the carriage translation direction the lesser will be the graphic resolution of the finished product.
  • a movable shutter panel which can translate between a withdrawn position in which it lies below the tray during the loading thereof, and an advanced position in which the front edge of the movable panel rests on and is coplanar with the die plate of the press mould.
  • the use of the movable panel offers the advantage of reducing powder remixing during the advancement of the carriage between the loading position and the discharge position.
  • said powder distribution means comprise two opposing coplanar belts, each of which has one end wound about an elastically loaded roller, its other end being rigid with a fixed retention element, each of said belts being made to pass about an idle roller, said opposing rollers being spaced apart by a predetermined amount based on the graphic resolution which is to be obtained on the finished tile.
  • the idle rollers are supported by a movable frame caused to translate by a suitable drive unit which provides for making the aperture between said rollers move reciprocatingly at least beyond the front and rear edges of said hopper, such that the powder portions are withdrawn and deposited into the underlying loading tray by way of said aperture.
  • said hopper and said distribution means are movable between a withdrawn loading position in which they are spaced from said at least one cavity, and an advanced discharge position in which they lie above said at least one cavity.
  • the powders are loaded into said at least one cavity by causing said distribution means to translate relative to the hopper when this is in the material discharge position.
  • Said figures show the plant 1, which is positioned upstream of a forming press 3.
  • the plant 1 comprises a loading carriage 4 provided with a bottomless tray 5 having internal dividing baffles 50, it having preferably the same plan dimensions as the lower die 30 of the forming press 3.
  • the carriage 4 translates reciprocatingly between a position for loading the powders to be pressed, in which the tray 5 lies below an overlying hopper 6, and a powder discharge position in which the tray lies exactly above the lower die 30 of the forming press 3.
  • the carriage 4 is constrained by wheels 7 to translate along two rectilinear parallel guides 8 fixed to a support frame, not shown.
  • the carriage 4 is fixed, by two blocks 40, to two parallel belts 9, each of which passes about two pulleys 10 and 11, the pulley 11 being fixed to the exit shaft of a gearmotor 12, the operation of which causes the carriage to translate.
  • a panel 14 for closing the bottom of the tray 5.
  • the panel 14 translates between a withdrawn position, in which it lies below the tray when this is in the powder loading stage, as shown in Figure 1, and an advanced position in which the front edge of the panel rests on and is coplanar with the die plate 31 of the mould of the press 3 ( Figure 5).
  • the panel 14 is driven by a rack-pinion system operated by a gearmotor 15.
  • said panel is supported by a frame 16 which can translate along two longitudinal guides 160 via wheels 17. To the lower surface of the frame 16 there is fixed a rack 18 engaging a pinion 19 rotated by said gearmotor 15.
  • distribution means 100 for the powders contained in the hopper.
  • said means comprise a translating plate 20 provided with a slot 21 for distributing the powders contained in the hopper 6, the slot 21 being perpendicular to the travel direction of the carriage 4.
  • the plate 20 is supported on two parallel guides 22 along which it can slide via wheels 23.
  • a belt 24 and 25 which engage pulleys 26 and 27 fixed on the shaft of a gearmotor 28, the operation of which causes the plate 20 to translate.
  • the gearmotor 28 drives the plate reciprocatingly beyond the front and rear edge of the two flanges 520 of the tray 5.
  • the plate 20 has a dimension in the direction perpendicular to the carriage advancement direction which exceeds the dimension of the press mould cavity in the carriage advancement direction, and a dimension in the carriage advancement direction which is at least double the corresponding cavity dimension.
  • the slot 21 has a dimension in the direction perpendicular to the carriage advancement direction which is equal to the corresponding dimension of the tray 5, and a dimension in the carriage advancement direction which depends on the graphic resolution to be obtained on the finished tile. From tests carried out it has been found that to obtain a sufficient graphic resolution quality of the pressed tile, the slot dimension in the carriage advancement direction must not exceed flour times the depth of the mould cavity. Preferably this dimension is between one and two times the depth of the mould cavity.
  • the hopper 6 has plan dimensions at least equal to the dimensions of the mould cavity, and a height at least three times the height of the loading tray, so that the powders deposited by known means, not shown, into the hopper form overall a mass presenting veining within the mass which reproduces that present in natural stone. In other words it can be said that this mass reproduces a block of natural stone, which is subsequently sectioned into layers which are deposited into the tray through the slot 26.
  • its internal volume is divided by rigid baffles 60.
  • the described plant for implementing the method of the invention is also provided, between its various mutually movable parts, with suitable known sliding seal means, not shown because of known type, to prevent undesirable powder spillage.
  • said sliding seal means are positioned between the lower mouth of the tray 5 and the panel 14, below the upper mouth of the tray 5 and the plate 20, and between the lower mouth of the hopper 6 and the plate 20.
  • Figure 16 shows a variant of the invention which differs from the described embodiment with respect to said powder distribution means 100, which are positioned between the loading hopper 6 and the tray 5 of the carriage 4.
  • said powder distribution means 100 comprise two opposing coplanar belts or curtains 50, one end of which is fixed to a fixed retention element 52, and the other end is wound about a shaft 53 elastically loaded by a spring, the purpose of which is to maintain the curtain taut. Between said shaft 53 and said fixed element 52, each curtain passes about an idle roller 54 supported by a translating frame 55. Said translating frame is operated by a suitable drive unit.
  • said drive unit consists of a rack-pinion system operated by a gearmotor 58.
  • the two rollers about which the curtains 50 pass are coplanar and spaced apart by an adjustable amount to provide an aperture through which, during the translation of the frame, powder portions are withdrawn from the overlying hopper 6 and deposited into the underlying loading tray 5.
  • FIG 17 shows a further variant of the invention regarding the loading tray 5.
  • the loading tray 5 is provided with two longitudinal parallel baffles or plates 71 in proximity to its lateral edges. The dimensions of the mould cavity will then be equal to that section of the tray bounded by the front and rear edge of said baffles 71.
  • baffles 71 The purpose of the baffles 71 is to eliminate any imperfections due to powder slippage against the walls of the hopper 6 during filling of the tray.
  • FIGS 18, 19 and 20 show a simplified variant of the invention.
  • the carriage 4 provided with the tray 5 nor the underlying panel 14 is present.
  • the figures show a loading hopper 81 totally similar to the already described hopper 6 but differing only by being associated with a support frame, not shown, to translate between a withdrawn position in which suitable means deposit a powder mass into the hopper 81, and an advanced position ( Figure 19) in which the hopper 81 lies exactly above the mould cavity of the press 3.
  • the powder distribution means 100 are present below the hopper 81.
  • Said means comprise a plate 82 totally similar to the plate 20, except that said plate can translate, as can the hopper, as far as above the mould cavity ( Figure 19).
  • the plate 82 presents a slot 820 identical to the already described slot 21. Once the hopper 81 and the plate 82 are in position, the plate 82 is made to translate relative to the hopper such that the powders are deposited directly into the mould cavity of the press 3 through the slot 820.
  • the operating and control means for the hopper 81 and plate 82 are not shown as these are known to the expert of the art.
  • the described plant is controlled by a processor, not shown, which controls the implementation of the method in the following manner.
  • the distribution plate 20 is withdrawn so that the tray 5 of the carriage 4 becomes filled with a succession of powder portions which pass from the hopper 6 into the tray through the slot 21.
  • the carriage 4 is advanced, together with the panel 14, until the panel rests on the press die plate with which it is coplanar (Figure 5), so preventing undesirable powder mixing which could occur if the carriage were to slide along a fixed operating table as in the known art. Instead, the carriage continues its travel until it is positioned exactly above the lower die of the press 3 ( Figure 6).
  • the processor causes the lower die of the press to lower, as shown in Figure 7, in order to form the mould cavity to receive the powders contained in the tray.
  • the panel is returned to its withdrawn position, below the mouth of the hopper 6 ( Figure 8), after which the tray 5 is made to withdraw to below the mouth of the hopper 6 by withdrawing the carriage 4 ( Figure 9). At this point the powders contained in the mould cavity are pressed.
  • the press upper die When the powders have been pressed, the press upper die is raised such that, during the next loading cycle, the carriage advancement causes the tile formed by the press 3 to withdraw by means of the usual pusher, not shown, fixed to the front edge of the carriage 4.
  • FIGS 10-15 show the next loading cycle of the invention. Said cycle differs from the preceding only in that the powders are loaded into the tray 5 by moving the distribution plate 20 in the opposite direction to its movement during the preceding loading.
  • the hopper 81 and the plate 82 are in their withdrawn position, i.e. distant from the forming press 3. While in this position means, not shown, deposit into the hopper 81 a mixture of powders in a prearranged and/or random manner, to create therein a powder mass presenting veining imitating a natural stone.
  • the processor causes the hopper and the plate 82 to move to above the mould cavity of the press 3.
  • the processor causes the die 30 to lower and only the plate 82 to translate such as to deposit into the cavity, through the slot 820, a succession of powder portions until it has been completely filled.
  • the hopper 81 and plate 82 are withdrawn to commence the pressing cycle. At this point the cycle is repeated identically.
EP20020080157 2001-12-21 2002-12-06 Method and plant for forming ceramic tiles or slabs Expired - Lifetime EP1321260B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
IT2001RE000129A ITRE20010129A1 (it) 2001-12-21 2001-12-21 Metodo ed impianto per la formatura di piastrelle o lastre ceramiche
ITRE20010129 2001-12-21

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1321260A2 EP1321260A2 (en) 2003-06-25
EP1321260A3 EP1321260A3 (en) 2004-05-19
EP1321260B1 true EP1321260B1 (en) 2006-09-13

Family

ID=11454169

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP20020080157 Expired - Lifetime EP1321260B1 (en) 2001-12-21 2002-12-06 Method and plant for forming ceramic tiles or slabs

Country Status (7)

Country Link
EP (1) EP1321260B1 (it)
CN (1) CN100333886C (it)
BR (1) BR0205304A (it)
DE (1) DE60214656D1 (it)
ES (1) ES2271186T3 (it)
IT (1) ITRE20010129A1 (it)
MX (1) MXPA02012389A (it)

Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
ITRE20030082A1 (it) * 2003-09-15 2005-03-16 Sacmi Metodo ed impianto per la formatura di piastrelle o lastre ceramiche.
WO2005068143A1 (fr) * 2003-10-29 2005-07-28 Jimian Chen Equipement de distribution de materiau a tuyaux multiples pour le compactage de tuiles et procede de distribution
EP3326737B1 (en) * 2016-11-25 2020-04-08 Höganäs AB (publ) Distributor device for a filling shoe for compression moulding
IT202000019795A1 (it) * 2020-08-07 2022-02-07 Siti B & T Group Spa Attrezzatura e procedimento per la realizzazione di lastre in materiale ceramico e/o lapideo e/o in graniglie minerali legate con resine

Family Cites Families (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE669533C (de) * 1936-03-04 1938-12-29 Wilhelm Fingerle Mischvorrichtung fuer verschieden gefaerbte Massen zur Herstellung gemusterter Kunststeine
FR2109108A5 (it) * 1970-10-01 1972-05-26 Niistroikeramika
IT1268838B1 (it) * 1994-07-21 1997-03-13 L B Engineering Srl Attrezzatura per alimentare il carrello di carico dello stampo nella fabbricazione di piastrelle ceramiche
US5795513A (en) * 1995-12-28 1998-08-18 Mark Austin Method for creating patterns in cast materials
CN1140391C (zh) * 2001-02-28 2004-03-03 孙立蓉 制造彩绘体的方法
CN1371790A (zh) * 2002-04-03 2002-10-02 广东东鹏陶瓷股份有限公司 仿天然陶瓷石材加工成型的定位布料设备及其方法

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ITRE20010129A1 (it) 2003-06-21
ES2271186T3 (es) 2007-04-16
BR0205304A (pt) 2004-07-20
DE60214656D1 (de) 2006-10-26
CN1426882A (zh) 2003-07-02
EP1321260A3 (en) 2004-05-19
MXPA02012389A (es) 2004-12-13
CN100333886C (zh) 2007-08-29
EP1321260A2 (en) 2003-06-25

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