EP1320720A2 - Dispositif et procede de mesure opto-tactile de structures - Google Patents

Dispositif et procede de mesure opto-tactile de structures

Info

Publication number
EP1320720A2
EP1320720A2 EP01980410A EP01980410A EP1320720A2 EP 1320720 A2 EP1320720 A2 EP 1320720A2 EP 01980410 A EP01980410 A EP 01980410A EP 01980410 A EP01980410 A EP 01980410A EP 1320720 A2 EP1320720 A2 EP 1320720A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
probe
button
probe element
mark
arrangement according
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP01980410A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Ralf Christoph
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Werth Messtechnik GmbH
Original Assignee
Werth Messtechnik GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Werth Messtechnik GmbH filed Critical Werth Messtechnik GmbH
Publication of EP1320720A2 publication Critical patent/EP1320720A2/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
    • G01B11/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques
    • G01B11/002—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring two or more coordinates
    • G01B11/005—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring two or more coordinates coordinate measuring machines
    • G01B11/007—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring two or more coordinates coordinate measuring machines feeler heads therefor
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
    • G01B5/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of mechanical techniques
    • G01B5/004—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of mechanical techniques for measuring coordinates of points
    • G01B5/008—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of mechanical techniques for measuring coordinates of points using coordinate measuring machines
    • G01B5/012—Contact-making feeler heads therefor

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an arrangement for the opto-tactile measurement of structures of an object by means of a coordinate measuring machine comprising a probe with an at least end-elastic bending probe extension with a probe element probing therefrom, an optical sensor such as a camera directly or indirectly detecting the probe element and optionally first optics arranged between this and the button, the button being adjustable together with the optical sensor. Furthermore, the invention relates to a method for the opto-tactile measurement of structures of an object by means of a coordinate measuring machine comprising a probe with an at least end-elastic bending probe extension with a probe element starting from this, a probe element directly or indirectly detecting the probe element, such as a camera and optionally arranged between this and the button first optics.
  • a corresponding mechanically scanning coordinate measuring machine is, for. B. DE 43 27 250 AI.
  • the mechanical probing process can be visually checked with the aid of a monitor by observing the probe via a video camera.
  • the probe head emanating from a magnetic interchangeable holder can be designed in the form of a so-called quartz crystal probe, which is damped when it comes into contact with a workpiece surface.
  • the video camera it is thus possible to track the position of the probe ball relative to the workpiece or a hole to be measured on the monitor in order to manually observe the probing process when it is immersed in the hole.
  • the actual measurement is done electromechanically.
  • No. 4,972,597 describes a coordinate measuring machine with a probe, the probe extension of which is biased in its position by means of a spring.
  • a section of the push button extension running in a housing has two light-emitting elements spaced apart from one another in order to determine the position of the push button extension and thus indirectly that of a push button element arranged at the outer end of the push button extension by means of a sensor element.
  • WO 98/57121 proposes a coordinate measuring machine with which optotactile is measured.
  • the position of a probe element touching an object to be measured is optically determined in order to measure the structure directly from the position of the probe element itself or a target mark assigned to it.
  • the deflection of the probe element can be detected by shifting the image on a sensor field of an electronic image processing system with an electronic camera.
  • Another possibility for determining the deflection is to determine it from an order of magnitude of the image of a target mark, from which the radiation-optical connection between the object distance and the magnification results.
  • Corresponding pushbuttons have an elastic extension, the pushbutton extension tapering towards the pushbutton element, which is preferably designed as a ball.
  • the probe extension outside the tapered end can have a diameter of 200 ⁇ m, for example. In the end area, the probe extension can have a diameter between 20 ⁇ m and 30 ⁇ m. Typical diameters of spherical probe elements are between 30 and 500 ⁇ m.
  • the probe elements to be found in WO 97/57121 can consist of different materials such as ceramic, ruby or glass. Furthermore, the optical quality of the corresponding elements can be improved by coatings with scattering or reflecting layers.
  • an opto-tactile coordinate measuring machine in which the optical sensor forms a jointly adjustable unit with the button, the button starting from an interchangeable holder and via an optical and mechanical coupling with an adjustment device of the interchangeable holder is connected, which is rotatable and translationally adjustable to or with the interchangeable holder.
  • the optical sensor itself is stationary in relation to the interchangeable holder.
  • the present invention is based, inter alia, on the problem of developing an arrangement and a method of the type mentioned at the outset in such a way that the structure of an object can be measured with high accuracy to the required extent, It is particularly important to ensure that the object does not interrupt the direct beam path between the probe element and the sensor. Measurement should also be possible under unfavorable optical conditions.
  • a high level of measurement accuracy is also to be achieved, optical distortions that lead to measurement errors being excluded.
  • the optical sensor and the button are integrated in one unit or form one.
  • the unit can be adjustable via a swivel-swivel joint.
  • the unit should include the first optics, which are designed in particular as zoom optics with a working distance that can be changed if necessary.
  • Usual optics of opto-tactile measuring coordinate measuring machines can of course also be used.
  • buttons and the optical sensor with optics are integrated in one unit and as such can be freely adjusted in space via a swivel-swivel joint, it is possible to use a coordinate measuring machine e.g. B. also to measure in an x-y plane or obliquely to this areas such as openings or holes, since the optical sensor is aligned with the structure according to the orientation of the button.
  • a coordinate measuring machine e.g. B. also to measure in an x-y plane or obliquely to this areas such as openings or holes, since the optical sensor is aligned with the structure according to the orientation of the button.
  • connection of the unit consisting of the button, the optics and the optical sensor with the rotary-swivel joint can, for. B. done via a standard change interface.
  • the button assumes a change holder, as described by DE 198 47 711 AI, so that reference is made to the relevant disclosure.
  • An interface between optics and sensor is also conceivable, so that the unit as a whole has a modular structure.
  • the optics used can be designed as zoom optics with a working distance that can be changed, as described by WO 99/53268.
  • the unit can contain lighting for the pushbutton element, wherein the pushbutton element can be illuminated directly or via the pushbutton extension as a light guide.
  • a second optical sensor or a second optical system is assigned to the scanning element or a marking assigned to it, by means of which the scanning element or the marking in a plane perpendicular to the plane measured by the first optical sensor (as xy-plane) extending axis (like z-axis) is measurable. It is therefore possible to measure three-dimensionally with the probe element.
  • the probe element is either provided with a reflective and / or a fluorescent layer only on its side facing away from the sensor and / or with a reflective or fluorescent layer Material existing layer is provided such that radiation reflected from the surface of the layer on the sensing element side generates an optically detectable mark in the interior of the sensing element, such as a bright light spot.
  • a further proposal of the invention provides that the layer is covered, at least in its area that comes into contact with an object, with a surface-hard or abrasion-resistant protective layer, in particular a protective layer containing silicon, such as a silicon nitride layer.
  • the probe extension is based on a mark appearing in the first optical sensor as the marker of the probe element, the position of the probe element being determinable by means of the marker.
  • a disc element can thus emanate from the probe element, the projection of which in the direction of the probe element is smaller than its extension in the measuring plane.
  • a deflection of the probe element in the z direction can be determined as a displacement of the mark to the probe element.
  • the orientation of the probe element in the z-direction is consequently determined from the change in the distance between the image of the marking, that is to say the mark and the image of the probe element. Conversion is based on a measurement curve between deflection and change in distance.
  • the probe element should have a spherical geometry and the marking should have a cylindrical geometry, the mark apparently running in the center of the probe element when the probe element is not deflected.
  • the probing of an object is usually determined by shifting the image of the probing element on the sensor field of the optical sensor or the image processing system.
  • measurement errors can occur due to distortion of the optics present between the probe element and the optical sensor.
  • a proprietary suggestion provides that the probe element measuring in one plane (xy plane) is moved to the probing point of the object to be measured in such a way that first a rough probing takes place, and then the probe element moves back until the image is at the starting point of the sensor field in which the image lies when the object is not touching. This measure enables a precise measurement of the probing point without optical measurement errors.
  • an independently proposed proposal of the invention provides that the pushbutton measuring in one plane (xy plane) immediately before or immediately after touching the object vertically or approximately perpendicular to the plane, that is to say the probing direction.
  • the invention provides that in the hollow body there is arranged a light generating light directed parallel to the longitudinal axis of the push-button extension and the position of which remains unchanged when the hollow body is rotated. This ensures with structurally simple measures that the through openings can be measured in a high cycle, without adjustment measures being necessary between the individual measurements.
  • the method mentioned at the outset for opto-tactile measurement of structures of an object is characterized in that a mark is measured by the touch element to determine the position of the touch element.
  • the mark can be generated by mapping a marking emanating from the button in and / or to the image of the touch element. In particular, the mark runs through the center of the probe element when there is no contact with an object to be measured.
  • the probe element By using a marker assigned to the probe element, there is the possibility of measuring an object in the z direction of the coordinate measuring machine, the probe element being deflected in the z direction and the deflection of the probe element in the z direction from the relative displacement between the probe element and the marker or whose images are calculated.
  • the relative shift can be determined from the distance between the center of the image of the probe element and the center of the mark.
  • the probe when the probe approaches Probe element at a probe point and / or after removal of a probe point at a distance x to the probe point is adjusted perpendicularly or approximately perpendicular to the plane intersecting the probe point, the distance x should be 1 ⁇ m ⁇ x ⁇ 20 ⁇ m.
  • an illumination is positioned in the hollow body in such a way that light is aligned parallel to the longitudinal axis of the probe extension cutting the probe element measuring a through opening. The lighting position remains unchanged when measuring through openings of the hollow body.
  • an independent solution suggests that the probe element first roughly touches the object to be measured and then withdrawn in such a way that the image of the probe element captured by the optical sensor is in one position ( Zero point), which corresponds to the image position when the object is untouched.
  • the probing can take place at high speed, whereas the movement to reach the zero positions takes place slowly.
  • FIG. 2 shows a basic illustration of a section of the coordinate measuring device according to FIG. 1 with an opto-tactile measuring button
  • FIG. 3 shows a schematic diagram of an arrangement for three-dimensional measurement with an opto-tactile probe
  • FIG. 5 shows a first development of the feeler element according to FIG. 4,
  • FIG. 6 shows a second development of the feeler element according to FIG. 4,
  • Fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of a sensing element associated with this
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of the probe element of FIG. 7 after deflection in the z direction
  • Fig. 10 is a schematic diagram of a probe element spaced apart from an object and its . Image
  • FIG. 13 shows a basic illustration of an arrangement for measuring an opening with a small cross section
  • Fig. 17 shows the injector of Fig. 16 in a detail.
  • 1 shows a basic illustration of a coordinate measuring machine 10 - in the exemplary embodiment of a multi-sensor coordinate measuring machine - in a portal construction, with which an object 12 is to be measured.
  • the coordinate measuring machine 10 has a slide 16 which can be moved along a portal 14 and from which sleeves or sensors extend in order to measure the object.
  • the coordinate measuring machine 10 comprises at least one opto-tactile measuring sensor 18 and additionally measuring optics 20 for measuring in the z direction.
  • the coordinate measuring machine 10 can be operated in the usual way via a data processing system 22 and a terminal 24. In this respect, however, reference is made to well-known techniques which also relate to the basic structure of the coordinate measuring machine 10.
  • a fiber probe which is generally provided with the reference numeral 26 and, according to FIGS. 13 and 14, consists of a preferably L-shaped probe extension 28 with a probe element 30 at its end ,
  • the feeler element 30 is preferably a spherical body, without thereby restricting the invention.
  • the push button extension 28 is designed to be flexible at least at the end and can consist of a light-conducting fiber.
  • the cross section of the push button extension 28 is usually in the range of 200 ⁇ m, wherein the push button extension 28 in the area of the touch element 30 can have a cross section between 20 ⁇ m and 30 ⁇ m.
  • the probe element 30 itself has a diameter of approximately 30 to 50 ⁇ m, depending on the measurement tasks.
  • the probe element 30 is imaged on an electronic camera or its sensor field, such as a CCD matrix, via optics 32. In this respect, too, reference is made to the known techniques which go back to the applicant.
  • the sensing element 30 instead of detecting the sensing element 30, it is also possible to select a target mark assigned to it from the probe extension 28 as the reference point. For reasons of simplification, however, the probe element 30 is always used below for the measurement, without thereby restricting the invention. Rather, the corresponding explanations apply accordingly to a target mark assigned to the sensing element 30.
  • the sensing element 30 comes into contact with the object, this is detected by shifting the image on the sensor field of the sensor 34 and is thus measured.
  • sensor and button 26 are adjusted as a unit, but the sensor generally measures parallel to the xy plane.
  • the camera 34, the optics 32 and the button 26 are designed as a unit 35 and that they are connected in particular to a rotary-swivel joint 36, which in turn can originate from a sleeve 38 of the coordinate measuring machine 10.
  • the unit 35 can be positioned with respect to the angle in the working space of the coordinate measuring machine 10 by means of the rotary-pivot joint 36.
  • the camera 34 or its image plane can assume desired positions with respect to the object 12, so that, for. B. undercuts and in particular also openings parallel to the xy plane such as bores can be measured.
  • the unit 35 can be connected to the rotary swivel joint via a standard change interface 40. There is also the possibility of the button 26 via a button change station such as this. B. described in DE 198 47 71 1 AI to connect to the unit 35.
  • the unit 35 should furthermore contain an illumination 42, via which the probe element 30 is illuminated directly or via the probe extension 28 designed as a light guide.
  • the optics 32 can be a zoom optics with a working distance that can be changed, as described in WO 99/53268, to the disclosure of which reference is expressly made.
  • the unit 35 comprising the sensor 34, the optics 32 and the button 26 is connected to a rotary-swivel joint 36, there is also the possibility of not only pressing the button element 30 in a plane such as xy-plane, but also to be measured along an axis running perpendicular to it, i.e. in the case of the xy plane, the z axis. This will be explained with reference to FIG. 3.
  • the unit 35 is aligned parallel to the x-y plane of the coordinate measuring machine 10 with respect to the optical axis 44 by means of the rotary-swivel joint 36.
  • the position of the probe element 30 can then be measured via the measuring optics 20, 46 comprising a sensor 48 and optics 50 such as zoom optics with a variable working distance, the optical axis 52 of the measuring optics 46 coinciding with the z axis in the exemplary embodiment.
  • the sensing element 30 has a coating 56, 58 at least in regions, which consists of fluorescent or reflective material.
  • the sensor element 30 is provided with the layer 54 in its sensor-facing region 60, due to which the rays 58 entering the sensor element 30 are reflected, the geometry of the outer surface of the sensor-facing region of the sensor element Probe element 30 and the correspondingly running coating 54, the reflected rays 62 are bundled into a light spot 64, which can be perceived by the optical sensor 34 in a defined manner and can be used to determine the position of the probe element 30.
  • the outer geometry of the probe element 30 is such that the reflected rays are reflected to the center of the probe element 30 in which the light spot 64 is formed.
  • the coating 54 runs, as mentioned, only in the area 60 of the sensing element 30 facing away from the sensor, so that when an object is touched the layer 54 lies outside the contact area and thus cannot be rubbed off, the layer 56 extends according to FIG. 6 to the approach of the probe extension 28, the peripheral edge 66 of the layer 56 serving as a diaphragm or entrance pupil for the radiation 58 entering the probe element 30, which is reflected according to the exemplary embodiment of FIG. 5 to the center of the probe element 30 and there is a bright one Light spot 64 forms, which is imaged on the optical sensor 34 via the optics 32.
  • an additional layer with a high surface hardness or abrasion resistance can be applied, which preferably consists of a silicon compound such as silicon nitride.
  • a silicon compound such as silicon nitride.
  • Other suitable layers are also possible.
  • Probe element 30 but a mark formed by the light spot 64 to determine the position of the probe element 30 by means of the optical sensor 34, there is another possibility according to the embodiment of FIGS. 7 and 8, a mark 70 related to the probe element 36 to use, in particular to be able to measure a deflection of the sensing element 30 in the Z direction.
  • the probe extension 28 starts with a ring-shaped or disk-shaped marking 72 which, when the probe element 30 is free, that is, when the probe element 30 does not touch an object, and a projection parallel to the optical axis 74, when the probe extension extends at an L angle 28 should coincide with the central axis of the end of the section of the pushbutton extension that merges into the pushbutton element 30, runs centrally within the pushbutton element and thus also centrally in its image 72, provided that the pushbutton element 30 has a spherical geometry and thus a circular geometry in the direction of the optical axis 74.
  • the button extension 28 is adjusted laterally with the result that the mark 70 formed by the marking 72 becomes the center 78 of the image 72 of the Probe element 30 is moved, in the embodiment of FIG. 8 by the distance dA.
  • the deflection in the Z direction can then be determined, which is determined by previously carried out comparative measurements.
  • the relationship between the displacement dA for the deflection in the direction Z can be seen in principle in FIG. 9.
  • a structure of an object can be detected three-dimensionally with the opto-tactile measuring coordinate system 10.
  • the mark 70 formed by the marking 12 should preferably contrast with the feeler element 30 and have a darkening effect.
  • the mark 70 generated by the marking 12 can also be used in a two-dimensional measurement to measure a structure in one plane, so that consequently it is not the position of the probe element itself, but that of the mark 70 that is evaluated.
  • the invention proposes that, in particular when the button 26 is removed from the touch point 84, the former is moved perpendicularly or almost perpendicularly to the touch direction 88, so that a quick release of the touch element 30 is ensured and thus a swinging of the button 26 in undesirable scope is excluded.
  • This movement of the pushbutton 26 which occurs perpendicularly or almost perpendicularly to the touching direction 88 after being released from the touching point 84 is to be illustrated by the broken lines in FIG. 13.
  • the movement of the push button 26, which is perpendicular or almost perpendicular to the scanning direction 88, should then take place when the push button extension 28 has been adjusted by a distance X from the position in which the push button element 30 moves out of the position Zero position is moved out, the distance can be a few ⁇ m, in particular between 1 ⁇ m and 20 ⁇ m.
  • the button 26 is shown in a solid representation in a position in which the sensing element 30 touches the probing point 84 without the action of transverse forces.
  • the pushbutton extension 28 is shown at 28 'in a position in which the pushbutton 26 has already been moved counter to the probing direction 88, but the pushbutton element 30 still adheres to the touching point 84 due to the prevailing adhesive forces.
  • the dashed representation of the pushbutton 26 ' the movement perpendicular or almost perpendicular to the scanning direction has already been carried out, so that the scanning element 30 is detached from the scanning point 84 and is located above the scanning plane in which the scanning direction 88 extends.
  • the probe element 30 is spaced apart from the contact surface 82.
  • the contact element 30 touches the contact surface 82 at the contact point 84 in order to measure an edge or surface 82.
  • the button 26 is moved away from the probing direction 88 (arrow 90).
  • the probe element 30 remains adhered to the contact surface 82 and the probe extension 28 is adjusted in the direction of the arrow 60.
  • the structure of the sensor is determined by the position of the sensing element 30 or its image 94 on the sensor field 96 of the optical sensor 34 measuring object 12 determined. If the sensing element 30 is in engagement with the object 12, the image 94 is located in a defined location of the sensor field 96, which is referred to as the zero point 98. If the probe element 30 comes into contact with a structure to be measured, such as a surface 100, the image 94 shifts away from the zero point 98.
  • a light source 108 is arranged inside the hollow body 106, in order then to emit light which runs parallel to the longitudinal axis 110 of the section 12 of the push-button extension 28 which passes into the push-button element 30. Corresponding beams aligned on the longitudinal axis 110 are provided with the reference number 114.
  • the light source 108 then remains in the set position and the hollow body 106 is rotated toward the light source 108 (arrow 114). An example of a measurement in this regard can be seen in FIGS. 16 and 17.
  • an injection nozzle 118 is received as the hollow body by a holder 120 in order to rotate the injection nozzle 118 about its longitudinal axis 122.
  • a holder 120 In the head region 124 of the injection nozzle 118, through openings 126 run on a cone jacket, the axis of the cone coinciding with the longitudinal axis 122 of the injection nozzle 118 in the exemplary embodiment.
  • An illumination 332 in the form of a light guide is then positioned in the central bore 130 of the injection nozzle 118, via whose cone-shaped end face 134 light is emitted in the axial direction of the passage opening 126.

Landscapes

  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Length Measuring Devices With Unspecified Measuring Means (AREA)
  • A Measuring Device Byusing Mechanical Method (AREA)
  • Length Measuring Devices By Optical Means (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un dispositif de mesure opto-tactile de structures d'un objet (12) au moyen d'un appareil de mesure à coordonnées (10) comprenant un palpeur (18) ayant une rallonge élastique souple au moins à son extrémité, ladite rallonge étant munie d'un élément palpeur venant en contact avec l'objet. Afin de mesurer la structure d'un objet (12) avec une haute précision, l'invention est caractérisée en ce que le détecteur optique et le palpeur sont intégrés dans une seule unité, ou bien forment une seule unité.
EP01980410A 2000-09-20 2001-09-19 Dispositif et procede de mesure opto-tactile de structures Withdrawn EP1320720A2 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (5)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE10046819 2000-09-20
DE10046819 2000-09-20
DE10049122 2000-10-02
DE10049122 2000-10-02
PCT/EP2001/010826 WO2002025206A1 (fr) 2000-09-20 2001-09-19 Dispositif et procede de mesure opto-tactile de structures

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1320720A2 true EP1320720A2 (fr) 2003-06-25

Family

ID=26007130

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP01980410A Withdrawn EP1320720A2 (fr) 2000-09-20 2001-09-19 Dispositif et procede de mesure opto-tactile de structures

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US20050259271A1 (fr)
EP (1) EP1320720A2 (fr)
JP (1) JP2004509345A (fr)
AU (1) AU2002212258A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2002025206A1 (fr)

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US20050259271A1 (en) 2005-11-24

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