EP1320422B1 - Method and device for producing metal items from metal blanks - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for producing metal items from metal blanks (1). The metal blank is positioned between two roller surfaces of two rollers (5), these roller surfaces being opposed and having means for being rolled out against each other from a starting position to an end position. A negative mold of the metal item to be produced is created with at least one recess in a roller surface. The process of positioning the metal blank in the starting position of the rollers takes place in the area of the recess. The rollers are then rolled out against each other from the starting position to the end position, the metal blank being shaped into the metal item by cold-forming as the rollers roll out; and the formed metal item is removed from the rollers. The invention is characterized in that the recess is configured with a variable depth curve in the directions parallel to a roller axis, at least in a partial area, and in the rolling-out direction of the rollers.

Description

Field of the invention.

The invention relates to a method according to the preamble of claim 1. The invention further relates to a device for carrying out such a method.

The invention relates to the metal working technique and can be used in the manufacture of various products by a rolling process.

State of the art

Known is the cold rolling process for producing a product from blanks, characterized in that one determines the dimensional deviation of the board from the nominal value or desired value and the position of the board with respect to the rollers which are mounted on the arranged on the base plate rotating elements, Corrected accordingly, whereupon the board is plastically deformed by the Walzenformungsflaechen (SU, A1, 956119). A disadvantage is the complexity of the production of products with different veraenderlichen Querschnittsflaechen.

Also known is a device for the production of products made of blanks, consisting of opposing rollers, which are arranged in the printing element area on the rotating levers fastened to the base plate by means of articulated supports (DE, A1, 3431908). This device is suitable for the production of oval cutting. The arrangement of their rollers makes it possible to form products of smaller dimensions and equal thicknesses in transverse and Laengsrichtungen the blank plate. In the manufacture of products having higher Laengsmasswerte and complicated configuration problems arise because of the irregular plastic deformation of the blank, especially in areas of thickness change of the blank.

Also known is a production process of products consisting in the production of plate-shaped blank from a plate of constant thickness and opposite width and Engflaechen; in the arrangement of the blank on the rollers in such a way that the broad surfaces of the plate are directed to the rollers and their Laengsrichtung the roll axes of rotation is parallel and the Walzenformungsflaechen the different thicknesses of the product - the length of its transverse direction - correspond; in compression of the blank by rollers which are rotated by means of the levers transverse to the longitudinal direction of the blank plate over the circumference formed after the turning radii of the movements of levers and rollers, thereby the blank plate is moved through the roll forming surfaces in the direction of its narrow Undersurface deformed to its narrow surface; and finally in the Lifting out the product after compression (RU, Cl, 2041005).

Also known is a device for the production of products, consisting of a base plate, rotary levers and the rollers on which a blank plate is arranged and their Formungsflaechen the different thicknesses of the product - the length of its transverse direction - correspond to and hinged to the on the base plate attached rotary levers are mounted opposite to each other (RU, Cl, 2041005). This method and apparatus are suitable for the production of long products, such as knife edges, by a single downturn. The rollers are rotated downwardly by the rotary levers whose hinge axes of rotation are parallel to the longitudinal direction of the blank plate, which corresponds to the longitudinal direction of the product to be produced. The roll forming surfaces are designed so that products of different thickness - the length of their transverse direction after - but with the same thickness - can reproduce the length of their longitudinal direction. This technical solution can reduce the elapsed time of cold rolling of products thanks to the Laengsverformung of those by rolling, while the plastic metal flow of the blank in the circular direction from our plate edge to the upper edge of the plate is due, therefore, an incomplete shaping of cutting through the Dikkenstreuung the blank plate is caused excluded. However, in the manufacture of products having a complicated configuration, varying cross-sectional areas and variable longitudinal thickness of a board having one and the same thickness within the scope of the approval standards, problems associated with the shape change of the product after its plastic deformation arise. It is due to the fact that the shape of the product with simultaneous action by the profiled Walzenformungsflaeche on the blank plate, in particular on its zones of greater deformation, where the thickness of the product to be produced is to be smaller, and on the same with smaller deformation, where the thickness of the product to be made larger, is distorted, characterized mainly by bends in the longitudinal direction of blank. Moreover, in the manufacture of products of complicated configuration by this process, either in the technological processing stage, the plate must be preliminarily prepared by changing its thickness prior to the rolling process, or subsequently process its surface after the product has been manufactured, as a result of which the cost of metal is increased, and Labor costs of the production of the product is increased.

From the document DE 363929 a process for the production of metal articles from metal blanks is known, wherein the metal blank is positioned between opposing rolls. A roll surface has a negative mold of the metal article to be produced. The rollers roll against each other, forming the metal blank by cold working into the metal article.

From the document GB 759,563 a method for the production of turbine blades is known, wherein the metal blank is cold-formed between two oscillating roll surfaces in a turbine blade.

Technical problem of the invention.

The invention is based on the technical problem of specifying a method and a device for producing metal articles from substantially cuboid metal blanks, which make it possible to produce complex-shaped metal articles in a single processing step in a simple manner.

The problem to be solved by the invention is, in particular, to provide such a cooling or cold rolling method and the device for its realization, which enable the production of products with complicated configurations, thicknesses which vary in the transverse and Laengsrichtungen.

Broad features of the invention

To solve the technical problem, the invention teaches a method according to claim 1.

Characterized in that the recess is formed in directions parallel to a roll axis at least in a partial area and in the unwinding of the rolls with variable depth, very complex metal objects, namely with variable thickness in two directions, in one go from a metal blank, even from a not preprocessed cuboid metal blank, produce. Variable course of the depth in the direction parallel to a roll axis in a partial area means that the course is not necessarily variable over the entire width (orthogonal to the roll axis). The depth is the distance between two major surfaces of the recess. The negative mold can be set up exclusively in a roller. Then the other roller has no shaping surface structure. The negative mold can also be divided into two recesses, which are then each set up in a roller and facing each other. It is understood that the kinematics of the rolling is then controlled so that the two recesses are as it were reassembled in the course of rolling so that a metal object is obtained with the outer shape of the negative mold.

Preferably, the profile of the depth of the recess in the direction parallel to a roll axis is decreasing, preferably monotonically decreasing. Preferably, the course of the depth in the rolling direction of the rolls is decreasing, preferably monotonically decreasing. As a result, a two-dimensional and continuous flow of the metal is achieved in the course of a single rolling movement.

Preferably, the arrangement is such that in the initial position of the roll surfaces and when positioning of the metal blank defined gaps in height of the maximum depth in the rolling direction are respectively arranged between major surfaces of the recess and main surfaces of the metal blank. In these contexts, it may be advisable to set up a support device for the metal blank, which supports the metal blank in the region of the recess in a defined manner.

Finally, the invention teaches a device according to one of claims 4 or 5.

The technical result or advantage obtained in the implementation of this method is labor reduction in the manufacture of products with complicated configurations as well as their quality enhancement.

The technical result or advantage obtained in the design of the device is an extension of its functional possibilities and its arsenal of technical means for the production of products with complicated configurations, due to the provisional roller suit and the continuous compression of the blank by Rolling zones of maximum deformation of the blank to the zones of its minimal deformation is achieved.

The solution in the preferred detail of the task with the achievement of the above-mentioned technical result by the known method, consisting in the production of plate-shaped blank from a plate of unalterable thickness and opposite broad and narrow surfaces; in the arrangement of the blank on the rollers in such a way that the broad surfaces of the plate are directed to the rollers and their Laengsrichtung the roll axes of rotation is parallel and the Walzenformungsflaechen the different thicknesses of the product - the length of its transverse direction - correspond; in the compression of the blank by rollers, which are rotated by means of the lever transversely to the relative Laengsrichtung the blank plate over the circumference, which is formed after the turning radiuses of the movements of levers and rollers, while the Blank plate deformed by the Walzenformungsflaechen in the direction of its narrow lower surface to its narrow surface; According to the invention, by feeding a support between the rollers in the arrangement of a blank, the blank plate is held between the roll forming surfaces and a gap is formed between the broad surfaces of the blank plate and the roll forming surfaces, and in the presence of this gap, a smaller roll forming surface spacing is selected the plane of the narrow surface of the blank plate in the zone of its maximum deformation as the Walzenformungsflaechenabstand at the level of the narrow undersurface of the blank plate in the zone of their minimal deformation; the roll forming surfaces are selected with the rolled profiles corresponding to the different thicknesses of the product - the length of its longitudinal direction - and in the upsetting of the blank by the rolls, the blank plate first in the zone of maximum deformation, the minimum thickness of the product - In addition, in the zones of its intermediate deformations which continuously correspond to the thickness increase of the product - the length of its longitudinal direction - the blank plate is continuously deformed by the roll forming surfaces, and finally the blank plate is deformed into the zone of its minimum deformation corresponding to the maximum thickness of the product - the length of its longitudinal direction - deformed by the Walzenformungsflaechen.

• man bei der Herstellung eines Rohlings das Rohlingsplattenprofil in Uebereinstimmung mit dem Erzeugnisprofil sowie der Bedingung der Gleichheit von Querschnittsflaechen (bzw. Volumens) des Erzeugnisses vor und nach der Stauchung waehlt.
• man bei der Anordnung der Rohlingsplatte zwischen den Walzen einen Spalt zwischen den Breitflaechen der Rohlingsplatte und den Walzenformungsflaechen bildet, indem der Abstand l zwischen den Walzenformungsflaechen auf der Ebene der engen Unterflaeche der Rohlingsplatte in der Zone ihrer maximalen Verformung and der Abstand L zwischen den Walzenformungsflaechen auf der Ebene der engen Unterflaeche der Rohlingsplatte in der Zone ihrer minimalen Verformung in Uebereinstimmung mit folgenden Bedingungen waehlt: $$\mathrm{l}=\mathrm{S}+\mathrm{\Delta \hspace{1em}und\hspace{1em}L}=2\mathrm{S}-\mathrm{t\hspace{1em}xmin}+\mathrm{\Delta },$$
  
  
  wo
  S - Dicke der Rohlingsplatte,
  t xmin - minimale Dicke des Erzeugnisses - der Laenge seiner Laengsrichtung nach - auf der Ebene der engen Unterflaeche der Rohlingsplatte,
  Δ - Toleranzwert fuer Herstellungsfehler der Rohlingsplattendicke und fuer ihre Oberflaechenguete,
• man die Rohlingsplatte zwischen den Walzen unter Bedingung der Winkelstellung α von Radius des Hebels mit der Walze hinsichtlich der Oberflaeche angeordnet, die der engen Unterflaeche der Rohlingsplatte parallel ist; und diese Anordnung soll folgenden Bedingungen entsprechen: $$\mathrm{\alpha }=\arccos [1-(\mathrm{S}-\mathrm{t\hspace{1em}xmin}+\mathrm{\Delta })/\left(2\mathrm{R}\right)],$$
  
  
  wo
  R - Hebellaenge mit der Dicke der nicht formungsgebenden Walzenzylinderflaeche.
• man die nicht formungsgebende Walzenzylinderflaeche vor der Stauchung des Erzeugnisses durch Walzen vorlaeufig mit der Druckkraft mindestens 20 % vom Wert der fuer die Verformung einer Rohlingsplatte erforderlichen Druckkraft zusammenpresst.

Additional variants of the implementation of the method are possible, but it is preferred that

• in the production of a blank, the blank plate profile is selected in accordance with the product profile and the condition of equality of cross-sectional areas (or volume) of the product before and after the upsetting.
• forming a gap between the wide surfaces of the blank plate and the Walzenformungsflaechen in the arrangement of the blank plate between the rollers by the distance l between the Walzenformungsflaechen on the level of the narrow undersurface of the blank plate in the zone of maximum deformation and the distance L between the Walzenformungsflaechen on the plane of the narrow surface of the blank plate in the zone of its minimum deformation is chosen in accordance with the following conditions: $$\mathrm{l}=\mathrm{S}+\mathrm{\Delta \; and\; L}=2\mathrm{S}-\mathrm{t\; xmin}+\mathrm{\Delta }.$$
  
  
  Where
  S - thickness of the blank plate,
  t xmin - minimum thickness of the product - the length of its longitudinal direction - at the level of the narrow undersurface of the blank plate,
  Δ - tolerance value for manufacturing defects of the blank plate thickness and for its surface quality,
• arranging the blank plate between the rollers under the condition of the angular position α of the radius of the lever with the roller with respect to the surface parallel to the narrow bottom surface of the blank plate; and this arrangement should meet the following conditions: $$\mathrm{\alpha }=\arccos [1-(\mathrm{S}-\mathrm{t\; xmin}+\mathrm{\Delta })/\left(2\mathrm{R}\right)].$$
  
  
  Where
  R - Hebellaenge with the thickness of the non-forming Walzenzylinderflaeche.
• the non-forming Walzenzylinderflaeche before compressing the product by rollers provisionally with the compressive force at least 20% of the value of the required for the deformation of a blank plate compressive force.

The solution of the problem by the known device for the manufacture of products, consisting of a base plate, rotary levers, the rollers on which a blank plate is arranged and whose Formungsflaechen the different thicknesses of the product - the length of its transverse direction according - correspond to and to the According to the invention, the roll forming surfaces are designed with the profiles corresponding to the different thicknesses of the product - the length of its longitudinal direction; an elastic support is also supplied, and at least at one of the rollers there is an exit, the bottom of which is transverse to the lower edge of a roll forming surface; the elastic support is disposed on the roller outlet, and it is fixed from one side to the rotary lever and protrudes from the other side of the roller outlet further the Walzenflaeche; the elastic support is suitable for holding the blank plate between the Walzenformungsflaechen with the gap between them before the movement of rotary levers in the compression of the blank plate, while the Walzenformungsflaechenprofil is designed so that the blank plate - the length of their Laengsrichtung - from the zones of their larger Deformation to the zones of their smaller deformation can continuously deform.

An additional variant of the device is possible, but it is preferred that one must zufuehren a wedge mechanism and the power lever whose Knueppelenden from one side hinged to the rotary levers and from another side hinged to the plunger of the press by at least one of the plunger of the press arranged wedge mechanism can be linked and thereby the position of the Knueppelendes of the articulated with the plunger linked force lever in the direction of the longitudinal axis of the rotary lever can be changed; execution the wedge mechanism allows to compress the non-forming roll cylindrical surfaces and to provide their preliminary tightening prior to the plunger press movement and before the blank plate is deformed.

The stated object has been achieved by creating a gap between the broad surfaces of the blank plate and the Walzenformungsflaechen before the compression of the plate and the Walzenformungsflaechen has performed in such a way that the blank plate from the zones of their greater deformation to the zones of their smaller deformation continuously has been deformed.

The above advantages and the peculiarities of the present invention are explained by the best method of their realization with reference to attached figures.

Brief description of drawings

• Fig. 1 shows in the axonometry the blank and the product;
• Fig. 2 - the profile of the blank plate with their cross-sections prior to compression;
• Fig. 3 - the product and its cross-sections after compression;
• Fig. 4 - the initial position of the blank with respect to the rollers;
• Fig. 5 - the starting position of the blank with respect to the Walzenformungsflaechen, enlarged on the Fig. 4;
• Fig. 6 - the same as in Fig. 5, bottom view without supports (turned over);
• Fig. 7 shows the kinematic device layout;
• Figure 8 - the blank with the rollers at the beginning of the plastic deformation of the plate.
• Fig. 9 - the same as in Fig. 8 - in the intermediate position;
• Fig. 10 - the same as in Fig. 9 - at the end of the process.

Preferred embodiment of the invention

The realization of the invention in order to make it easier to understand is shown by the example of the production of a knife edge of varying thickness in its longitudinal and transverse directions, although this method and apparatus can also be used to produce other products, e.g. for the production of a pair of scissors or tweezers, etc.

The method (Figs. 1, 2) consists in the production of a blank plate 1 (shown in dotted lines in Fig. 1) from a plate of constant thickness and opposite widths and faces 3. On Fig. 1 Also, the product 4 (Fig. 3) of varying thicknesses to be produced by the notified process is shown by a continuous line. The axis X is a longitudinal direction of the blank 1 and the product 4 and the axis Y is the transverse direction thereof. The blank 1 can be produced by any method: by shearing the plate after the plate blank, punching u.s.w.

The blank 1 is fed between the rollers 5 (Figures 4, 5, 6). The wide surfaces 2 of the blank plate 1 are directed towards the rollers 5. The long Laengsachse the blank plate 1 should be parallel to the axes of rotation of the rollers 5 (joint axes) in accordance with their Laengsrichtung. The molding bottles 6 of the rollers 5 correspond to the different thicknesses of the product 4 - the length of its transverse direction (to the side the edge of the knife tip Fig. 1). For the movement of the rollers 5 one uses the lever 7.

In the arrangement of the blank 1 between the rollers 5 (Fig. 4, holds the support 8, the blank plate 1 between the Formungsflaechen 6 of the rollers 5 fixed, while a gap (Fig. 5, 6) between the Breitflaechen 2 of the blank plate 1 and In the presence of this gap, one chooses a smaller distance 1 between the shaping surfaces 6 of the rollers 5 on the plane of the narrow surface 3 of the blank plate in the zone of maximum deformation than the distance L between the forming surfaces of the rollers the plane of the narrow surface 3 of the blank plate 1 in the zone of its minimum deformation, it follows that the compression of the blank 1 is performed starting from lower edges of the narrow surface 3 of the blank plate 1.

The gap between the blank plate 1 and the Formungsflaechen 6 of the rollers 5 is for continuous action by the Walzenformungsflaechen 6 on the blank 1 - depending on the required deformation size for each product 4 - Necessary. For this purpose, first determines the size of the maximum deformation of the blank 1, after this size, the angular position of the rollers 5 and the blank position 1 with respect to the Formungsflaechen 6 of the rollers 5 is set.

wo
S - Dicke der Rohlingsplatte 1 (Fig.1),
t xmin - minimale Dicke des Erzeugnisses 4 - der Laenge seiner Laengsrichtung nach - auf der Ebene der engen Unterflaeche der Rohlingsplatte, diese Dicke soll am Anfang der Stauchung der Rohlingsplatte 1 durch die Walzen 5 erreicht werden,
Δ - Toleranzwert fuer Herstellungsfehler der Dicke der Rohlingsplatte 1 und fuer ihre Oberflaechenguete. Der Wert ist fuer die freie Anordnung der Rohlingsplatte 1 zwischen den Formungsflaechen 6 der Walzen 5 erforderlich und betraegt circa 0,1 ... 0,5 mm je nach der Dicke der Rohlingsplatte 1. Je dicker die Rohlingsplatte 1 und groesser ihre Toleranzstreubereiche sind, desto groesser ist.Values of the gaps l and L (FIGS. 5, 6) in the starting position of the blank 1 can be selected therefrom: $$\mathrm{l}=\mathrm{S}+\mathrm{\Delta \; and\; L}=2\mathrm{S}-\mathrm{t\; xmin}+\mathrm{\Delta }.$$

Where
S - thickness of the blank plate 1 (FIG.
t xmin - minimum thickness of the product 4 - the length of its longitudinal direction to - at the level of the narrow subfloor the blank plate, this thickness should be reached at the beginning of the compression of the blank plate 1 by the rollers 5,
Δ - Tolerance value for manufacturing defects in the thickness of the blank plate 1 and for its surface quality. The value is required for the free arrangement of the blank plate 1 between the Formungsflaechen 6 of the rollers 5 and is about 0.1 ... 0.5 mm, depending on the thickness of the blank plate 1. The thicker the blank plate 1 and larger tolerance tolerance ranges are, the bigger it is.

The cited length of the gap l = S + Δ between the shaping surfaces 6 of the rollers 5 corresponds (FIG. 4) to the angular position of the radius R of the rotary lever 7 with respect to the straight line linking the joint axes.
α = arccos [1- (S-t xmin + Δ) / (2R)], where R-lever length is the thickness of the non-forming cylindrical surface of the roll 5 (Figure 4).

Thus, in the zone of maximum plastic deformation (the pointed edge of the knife edge on FIG. 1), a minimum (FIG. 6) distance 1 must be selected between the shaping surfaces 6 of the rollers 5, in that the gap should be such that the blank plate 1 can be supplied freely between the Formungsflaechen 6. In the zone of minimum plastic deformation xmax (the broad part of the knife edge next to the handle - on the Fig. 1) one must choose a maximum (Fig. 5, 6) distance L between the Formungsflaechen 6 of the rollers 5, here the deformation 4 complete the product and the plate after compression at least to deform.

Intermediate values of the profile or the distance between the shaping surfaces 6 during the compression of the blank 1 are easy to determine for each product 4, because the configuration of the blank plate 1 (FIGS. 2, 3) is in accordance with FIG Condition is chosen that the cross-sectional areas of the blank 1 prior to its compression of the same product 4 after compression are the same.

In order to obtain products 4 of complicated configurations (Figures 1, 3), in addition to the profile change of the forming surfaces 6 corresponding to the thickness change of the product 4 - the length of its transverse direction - the forming surfaces 6 of the rollers 5 must be added to the profiles which correspond to the different thicknesses of the product 4 - the length of its longitudinal direction. It is achieved by an appropriate profiling both in the transverse and Laengsrichzung the Formungsflaechen 6 of the rollers 5 -before attaching the rollers to the rotary levers 7. Depending on the downward movement of the rollers 5, the plate is continuously deformed, ranging from the zones of greater deformation to the zones of smaller deformation.

After the arrangement of the blank plate 1 between the rollers 5 to make their nichtformungsgebenden Zylinderflaechen with the pressure force P, and thus forms a provisional suit of the rollers 5 before the interaction of the Formungsflaechen 6 of the rollers 5 with the blank 1. Der vorlaeufige Suit Rollers 5 enable the subsequent impact-free compression of the blank 1. From this moment on, the non-forming cylinder surfaces of the rolls 5 are held in contact during the entire cycle of compression and extraction of the blank 1. Due to the provisional suit of the rollers 5, it is possible to exclude the disturbance of the plate orientation and to reduce shape distortion when acting through the shaping surfaces 6 on the blank 1 thanks to the resilient properties of the entire system (rollers 5, lever 7, base plate). The value of the compressive force P of the preliminary roller pressing should be at least 20 of the value of the maximum deformation force of blank 1. After the trials it turned out that the value P is chosen based on the true stress values as well as the deformation area of the blank 1. The higher the yield strength of the material and the greater the deformation surface of the blank, the higher the value of the compressive force P of the preliminary roller pressing should be. Usually this value is in the interval from 20% to 38% of the maximum pressure force to be absorbed by the system (rollers 5, lever 7, base plate) during the deformation of the blank 1.

Furthermore, the compression of the blank 1 is performed by the rollers 5. For this purpose, the rollers 5 are rotated transversely with respect to the longitudinal direction of the blank plate 1 by the radius R of the non-forming cylindrical surfaces of the rollers 5 (see the parts of the circle circumference with the radius R and the center at the position of Radius R is equal to half the distance between the joints), while the blank 1 is plastically deformed by the Formungsflaechen 6 of the rollers 5.

First, the blank plate 1 is deformed in the zone where the plate thickness is maximally reduced to the thickness t xmin (FIG. 1). Then continuously - but continuously - the compression of the blank plate 1 is made in the zones where their thickness increases continuously. For knife cutting, the thickness of the product t xmin may be equal to the thickness t ymin. For products 4, other than knives, such zones may be at different locations with respect to the longitudinal direction of the blank 1 and the product 4, respectively; however, the described method of shaping the product 4 by the rollers 5 has been preserved, otherwise - as tests have shown - the shape of the product 4 is distorted with respect to its longitudinal direction. For example, in the manufacture of the knife edge by ordinary method For example, the product 4 has become patent, and other types of products 4 have characteristics of crushing in various directions with respect to the longitudinal stress associated with the change in the thickness of the blank 1 during the rolling process - the length of the plate in the longitudinal direction.

Therefore, when the blank is compressed by the rollers 5, the blank plate 1 is first plastically deformed by the forming surfaces 6 of the rollers 5 in the zone of maximum deformation corresponding to the minimum thickness t xmin of the product 4 (Figure 1) - the length of its longitudinal direction after - corresponds. Then, the blank plate 1 is continuously deformed by the Formungsflaechen 6 in the zones of their intermediate deformations, which continuously the thickness of the product 4 - the length of its Laengsrichtung after - correspond. Finally, the blank plate 1 is deformed by the shaping surfaces 6 of the rollers 5 in the zone of their minimum deformation corresponding to the maximum thickness t xmax of the product 4 - the length of its longitudinal direction.

After the compression of the blank 1 you have the original suit of the rollers 5 with the pressure force P (force of provisional suit) maintained, thereby a shock-free outlet of the product 4 is achieved from the Formungsflaechen 6 and a collision of nichtformungsgebenden Zylinderflaechen the rollers 5 directly excluded at the exit of the product 4.

The device for producing the product 4 consists of the base plate 9, the rotary levers 7, the rollers 5 (Figure 7). This device corresponds to the device described above in the information source (RU, C1, 2041005), but is additionally refactored for the purpose of realizing the filed method. The rollers 5 are for the arrangement of the blank plate. 1 between them, the shaping surfaces 6 of the rollers correspond to the different thicknesses of the product 4 - the length of its transverse direction. The rollers 5 are attached to the pivotally mounted on the base plate 9 rotary levers opposite to each other.

The Formungsflaechen 6 of the rollers 5 are performed with the profiles that the different thicknesses of the product 4 also - the length of his Laengsrichtung - correspond. There is at least one elastic support 8 zugefuehrt, and at least one of the rollers 5 there is the outlet 10. The bottom of this outlet 10 is transverse to the lower edge of the Formungsflaeche 6 of the roller 5. The elastic support 8 is arranged at the outlet 10, thereby it is attached from one side to the rotary lever and from another side out of the outlet 10 of the Walzenflaeche 5 protrudes. The outlet 10 can be performed on the rollers 5 away from the profiling surfaces 6 and with the selection of outer surfaces 6 of the rollers 5 so as not to act on the rollers 5 with the outlet 10 by the pressure force. The elastic support 8 is suitable for holding the blank plate 1 between the shaping surfaces 6 with the gap therebetween prior to the movement of rotary levers 7 during the compression of the blank plate 1.

According to the notified process, the profile of the shaping surfaces 6 is such that the blank plate 1 - the length of its longitudinal direction - can be continuously consumed from the zones of greater deformation to the zones of its smaller deformation.

By supplying the elastic supports 8, the blank plate 1 can be maintained with the maintenance of the gap between the blank plate 1 and the Formungsflaechen 6 and pull out the finished product 4 after compression.

Shaft 11, wedge 12, sliders 13, screw 14 of dragging wedge 12, plunger 15 of the press, power lever 16, hinges 17 of plunger 15, hinges 18 of rotary lever 7 are shown schematically on the plunger 15 of the press is shown on the right of the wedge mechanism for the regulation of the position of the right power lever 16, which consists of an additional Gleitstuetze 19, an additional wedge 20, an additional screw 21 of the tow of the additional wedge 20.

To provide the provisional suit of the rollers 5, the device (Fig. 7) is supplied with the wedge mechanism and the power levers 16, the club ends hinged from one side hinged to the rotary levers 7 and from the other side with the plunger 15 of the press by at least a wedge mechanism arranged on the plunger 15 of the press can be linked, and thereby the position of the cudgel end of the power lever 16 hingedly connected to the plunger 15 can be changed in the direction of the longitudinal axis of the rotary lever 7. The execution of the wedge mechanism makes it possible to compress the non-forming cylinder surfaces of the rollers 5 and to provide their provisional suit against the movement of the press of the plunger 15 and before the deformation of the blank plate 1. For the purpose of uniformity of the device, this wedge mechanism can also be arranged on the left with respect to the rollers 5 and linked with other power levers 16 or other rotary lever 7.

The device (Figures 7-10) works as follows:

In the arrangement of the blank plate on the elastic support 8 with the maintenance of the gap between the Formungsflaechen 6 making the rollers 5 by the wedge 12 and the additional wedge 20 synchronously. Then you press with the help of the additional wedge 12, the nichtformungsgebenden Zylinderflaechen the rollers 5 with the pressure force P min together.

When acting with the plunger 15 of the press with the force P πp (Figure 7) through the power levers 16 on the rotary lever 7, the rollers 5 begin to turn down, while you have to select the smallest of the columns. In the following towing the rotary lever 7, the Walzenformungsflaechen 6 start the blank plate 1 thanks to the increase of the two sides perpendicular to the Breitflaechen 2 of the blank plate 1 (Fig. 8) directed compressive force P, while the Formungsflaeche 6 of the rollers 5 begins on the zone to act on the maximum deformation corresponding to the minimum thickness t xmin of the product 4 in its Laengsrichtung (Fig. 1).

Upon further deflation of the plunger 15, the rotary lever 7 and the rollers 5 are rotated further down, the Formungsflaechen 6 continuously expanding the action zones (Fig. 1), the increasing thickness of the product 4 in his Laengsrichtung - and in the example with the knife edge also the decreasing thicknesses of the product 4 in its transverse direction - correspond, and the rotary levers take a horizontal intermediate position (Fig. 9).

At the conclusion of the process (Figure 10), the rotary lever 7 descend below the horizontal surface; the shaping surfaces 6 release the surfaces corresponding to the maximum thickness t xmax in the longitudinal direction and the minimum thickness t ymin in the transverse direction of the product 4 (FIG. 1) of the blank 1. At the outlet 10 supports the elastic support 8, the product 4 after the compression until pulling out the product 4 from the rollers. 5

By the wedge 12, the sliders 13, the screw 14 of dragging the wedge 12 (Fig. 7), it is possible to eliminate the effects of ground vibrations of the starting blank plate 1 and the force parameters of the compression of the product 4 (RU, C1, 2041005), therefore, blank plates can be used 1 with different thicknesses and the range of products 4 are extended.

For the production of a knife edge with the length of 250 mm and the width - 35 mm from the blank plate 1 with the thickness 2.5 mm you need a hydraulic press with a force up to 1600 KN. The compressive force P min (the provisional suit of nichtformungsgebenden Zylinderflaechen the rollers 5) is set to 780 KN. During compression, the maximum force of the plunger 15 of the press - 430 KN and the pressing force of the rollers 5 - are about 3700 KN. The produced width of the tip edge of the knife edge does not become wider than 0.45 mm. The shape of the knife edge fully complies with the demands made on it.

In the production not at all by knife cutting but by other products 4 only profiles of the blank plate 1 and the Formungsflaechen 6 of the rollers 5 are to be gaendert; the profiles should correspond to a specific product 4 and yet retain all the above-mentioned conditions via a gap between the blank plate 1 and the shaping surfaces 6. The profile of the shaping surfaces 6 of the rollers 5 has to be designed in such a way that the blank plate 1 can thereby be continuously deformed from the zones of its greater deformation - the length of its longitudinal direction - to the zones of its smaller deformation.

Industrial applicability or uses

The notified production processes and apparatus for its realization can be used extremely successfully in engineering factories in rolling high quality products with complicated configurations and varying thickness in the transverse and longitudinal directions, e.g. scissors, tweezers, knives, instruments for surgery and so on

Claims (5)

1. A method for producing metal articles from metal blanks (1),
   wherein the metal blank (1) is positioned between roll faces of two rolls (5), said faces being opposed to each other and adapted to roll off with respect to each other from an initial position to an end position,
   wherein by at least one recess (6) in a roll face, a negative contour of the metal article (4) to be produced is provided,
   wherein the positioning of the metal blank (1) in the initial position of the rolls (5) is performed in the area of the recess (6), wherein then the rolls (5) are rolled off with respect to each other from the initial position into the end position, thereby shaping the metal blank (1) during the rolling-off movement by means of a cold forming process to the metal article (4),
   wherein the shaped metal article (4) is removed from the rolls (5),
   wherein the recess (6) is provided in directions parallel to a roll axis (11) at least in a partial section as well as in the rolling-off direction of the rolls (5) with a variable course of the depth,
   characterized by
   that in the initial position of the roll faces and when positioning the metal blank (1), defined gaps (1, L) are provided at the level of the maximum depth in the rolling-off direction respectively between main faces of the recess (6) and main faces (2) of the metal blank (1).
2. A method according to claim 1, characterized by that the course of the depth of the recess (6) in the direction parallel to a roll axis (11) is decreasing, preferably monotonously decreasing, and/or that the course of the depth in the rolling-off direction of the rolls (5) is decreasing, preferably monotonously decreasing.
3. A method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized by that a supporting device (8) for the metal blank (1) is provided, said device supporting the metal blank (1) in the initial position of the rolls (5) in the area of the recess (6) in a defined orientation.
4. A device for producing metal articles (4) from metal blanks (1), comprising the following components:

   - two rolls (5) having roll faces rolling off with respect to each other from an initial position and an end position and about two roll axes (11), in at least one roll face a recess (6) forming a negative contour of the metal article (4) to be produced being provided,

   - a connection gear unit, by means of which the rolls (5) can be pivoted synchronously about the roll axes (11),

   - a drive unit acting on the connection gear unit or one of the rolls (5),

   
   wherein the recess (6) is provided in directions parallel to a roll axis (11) at least in a partial section with a variable course of the depth,
   characterized by
   that means (8) for supporting and positioning the metal blank (1) in the area of the recess (6) in the initial position of the rolls (5) are provided, and
   that the initial position of the roll faces is adjusted such that when positioning the metal blank (1), defined gaps (1, L) are provided at the level of the maximum depth in the rolling-off direction respectively between main faces of the recess (6) and main faces (2) of the metal blank (1).
5. A device according to claim 4, characterized by that means for displacing at least one roll face radially toward the roll axis (11) of the roll face are provided.

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