RU2041005C1 - Method and apparatus for rolling blades of sheet blanks - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: metal pressure forming. SUBSTANCE: method of rolling blades of sheet blanks comprises steps of setting fluctuations of linear dimensions of a blank from nominal dimensions, and according to these values correcting a position of the blank relative to rotary levers, carrying gages for plastic deformation of the blank, the levers are mounted in a frame; before the correction step determining a necessary rolling effort in order to set an interaxial spacing of the levers, being decreased by a value of an elastic deformation of the frame and of the rotary levers with subsequent correlating of it by increase or decrease. At these operations a thickness of the blank is respectively less or more, than its nominal value by the preset fluctuation value. Apparatus for realizing the method includes a pressure member with two rotary levers and gages for shaping the blank, being jointly mounted in the frame by their end portions. The gages are mounted one opposite to another on the rotary levers in a zone of the pressure member being in form of a bracket, providing a change of the interaxial spacing of the levers with use of a wedge pair, arranged behind one of cylindrical supports inside of a through cavity of a closed O-shaped power frame. EFFECT: enhanced efficiency of the method with use of the enhanced-structure apparatus. 3 cl, 5 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to the processing of metals by pressure and can be used in the manufacture of products having blades.

A known method of manufacturing blade parts for agricultural and other machines by plastic shaping a sheet blank in forging rollers, in which the prepared blank is set relative to the forming element and subjected to plastic forming [1]
The disadvantages of this method are the formation of burrs along the edge of the blades and the underdevelopment of the blades due to the spread in the thickness of the initial workpiece, which determines the use of such additional operations as cutting burrs and sharpening the blades.

There is a method of rolling blades on sheet blanks, in which the deviation of the linear dimensions of the workpiece from the nominal is established and, in accordance with this, the position of the workpiece is adjusted relative to the calibers mounted on the rotary elements located at the base, after which plastic shaping is carried out [2]
This method has the same disadvantages as its counterpart due to the fact that the shaping of parts is carried out without taking into account the elastic springing of the device from the rolling force.

 The technical result achieved by using the invention is to improve the quality of products by eliminating the influence of fluctuations in the size of the original billet and the power parameters of rolling products and in reducing the complexity of manufacturing blade products.

 The noted technical result of this method of rolling the blades on sheet blanks is ensured, firstly, by the fact that when it is carried out, it is proposed to preliminarily determine the required rolling force, according to which the set center distance of the pressing elements is reduced by the amount of elastic deformation of the base and rotary elements with subsequent adjustment in the direction of increase or decrease with the thickness of the workpiece, respectively, more or less than the nominal value at the installation hydrochloric deviation amount.

A device for rolling blades on sheet blanks is known, which contains calibers placed opposite in the area of the pressure element on the pivoting arms, fixed with pivot bearings on the base [3]
In the proposed device, the base is made in the form of a closed O-shaped power frame, and the device is equipped with a node for changing the center distance of the levers by means of a wedge pair located in the cavity of the power frame behind one of the hinge supports.

 Figures 1, 2 and 3 show schemes for rolling the blades at various stages of rolling: in the initial position, at the intermediate moment of rolling, and at the end of the rolling process, respectively; figure 4 device, front view (left) and its longitudinal section (right); figure 5 is the same, a top view (left) and a section along the SVD (right).

 The sheet blank 1 is subjected to rolling using calibers 2 and 3 and pivoting arms 4 and 5, turning relative to the axes A and B, as a result of which the semi-finished product 6 is first obtained, and then the product 7.

A device for rolling blades on the edges of sheet blanks includes the following parts and assemblies:
on the table 8, a base is fixed, made in the form of a frame 9, consisting of four plates 10, fastened with bolts 11 with nuts 12 and washers 13. Inside the frame 9 there are two rotary levers 4 and 5, the end sections of which are equipped with calibres 2 and 3, respectively also cylindrical supports 14 with carriers 15, the joint fastening of which is provided by bolts 16. On the right side of the frame 9 there is a wedge pair consisting of a fixed wedge 17, mounted in the frame 9 with a bolt 18, and also of a movable wedge 19, interacting with its threaded part with adjustments full-time bolt 20, the end of which through the washer 21 is connected to the ring 22. Between the movable wedge 19 and the carrier 15 in the keyway, screws 23 are fastened with screws 23. A U-shaped bracket 26 is attached to the press slider 25, in the racks of which cutouts 27 are made in a rectangular shape, designed to accommodate four bushings 28 with bolts 29 to the pivots 30, which in turn are attached to the pivoting arms 3 and 4 by bolts 31. The limit bar 32 is attached by a bolt 33.

 The device operates as follows.

 In the initial position (see Fig. 4), the press slider 25 together with the bracket 26 is in its highest position, as a result of which the rotary levers 4 and 5 with calibers 2 and 3 form a target, which allows the leaf leaf to be installed on the processes 34 of calibers 2 and 3 blank 1.

 The inclusion of the working stroke of the press leads to the lowering of the slider 25 with the bracket 26. The press force transmitted through the bushings 28 and pivots 30 to the pivoting levers 4 and 5, as the latter rotates, leads to the formation of the workpiece 1 (Fig. 1) first in the semi-finished product 6 (Fig. .2), and then into the product 7 (Fig. 3) in accordance with the working surfaces of calibers 2 and 3. The end of the shaping of the product 7 is accompanied by a further lowering of the press slide 25 with the bracket 26 and the rotation of the levers 4 and 5 with calibers 2 and 3, which allows you to free the product 7 from the effects of mustache ly by calibers 2 and 3 and 7 to remove the product from the working area of the device.

 The return stroke of the press is accompanied by the lifting of the rotary levers 4 and 5 together with calibers 2 and 3 to their original position (according to Figs. 1 and 4), after which the next rolling cycle of the product is possible. Due to the fact that the creation of the required rolling force P on opposedly placed calibers 2 and 3 is accompanied by elastic deformation of both levers 4 and 5 with the corresponding structural elements interacting with them, and of the power frame 9, it is necessary to evaluate the values and take into account their values.

(1) причем упругое деформирование рамы 9 сопровождается упругим сжатием рычагов 4 и 5 и Δ L_рыч. и контактирующими с ними элементов конструкции,
ΔL_рыч

(2)
Таким образом составляющая упругого деформирования устройства Δ L_усбудет
ΔL_ус=ΔL_с.р+ΔL_рыч

+

(3)
Учет этой величины в устройстве обеспечивается изменением межосевого расстояния поворотных рычагов 4 и 5 с калибрами 2 и 3 АВ на величину Δ L ВВ' и если исходная толщина S заготовки 1 соответствует номинальному значению, то установленное межосевое АВ расстояние с поправкой на упругое деформирование устройства Δ L_ус обеспечит изготовление детали 7 с заданными геометрическими параметрами.Full lengthening of the frame 9 Δ L _s.r. under the action of the rolling force P depends on the length of the frame L _s.r. , the elastic modulus E and the cross-sectional area of the frame F _s.r. and is established by the formula
ΔL _s.r.

(1) wherein the elastic deformation of the frame 9 is accompanied by elastic compression of the levers 4 and 5 and Δ L _lever. and structural elements in contact with them,
ΔL _growl

(2)
Thus, the component of elastic deformation of the device Δ L _must
ΔL _mustache = ΔL _s.r + ΔL _lever

+

(3)
Accounting for this value in the device is provided by changing the center distance of the swing arms 4 and 5 with calibers 2 and 3 AB by Δ L BB 'and if the initial thickness S of the workpiece 1 corresponds to the nominal value, then the set center distance AB adjusted for elastic deformation of the device Δ L _{The whisker} will ensure the manufacture of part 7 with predetermined geometric parameters.

+

ΔS (4) либо прибавить к Δ L_ус величину Δ S при фактической толщине заготовки S меньше ее номинального значения на величину Δ S, т.е. принять
ΔL=ΔL_ус+ΔS=

+

+ ΔS (5)
П р и м е р осуществления предложенного способа вальцевания при изготовлении ножа из стали при S 2 мм и Δ S 0,2 мм, причем потребное усилие вальцевания Р 200 тнс.In practice, the workpiece 1 has a deviation in thickness Δ S within ± 10% which follows
or subtract from Δ L _must if the thickness of the workpiece is greater than the nominal value by Δ S, i.e. accept the final change in the center distance by
ΔL = ΔL _mustache -ΔS

+

ΔS (4) or add Δ S to Δ L _whisk with the actual thickness of the workpiece S less than its nominal value by Δ S, i.e. to accept
ΔL = ΔL _mustache + ΔS =

+

+ ΔS (5)
EXAMPLE of the implementation of the proposed method of rolling in the manufacture of a knife from steel at S 2 mm and Δ S 0.2 mm, and the required rolling force P 200 tns.

L

+

0,2
Для того, чтобы задать предварительное уменьшение межцентрового расстояния с АВ' до АВ, т.е. на величину Δ L 0,616 мм, необходимо при помощи клиновой пары с углом клина α 10^о (tg α30/160 0,187) переместить ось поворотного рычага 4 на величину Δ L 0,616 мм, что обеспечивается перемещением регулировочного винта 19 на величину
l_клина

3,3 мм
Для регулировочного винта 19 с резьбой М20 х 3 необходимо от номинального положения рычагов 4 и 5, соответствующего межосевому расстоянию АВ, вращением регулировочного винта 20 обеспечить перемещение подвижного клина 19 вместе с водилом 15, цилиндрической опоры 14, рычага 4 с калибром 2 на L_клин. 3,3 мм посредством поворота регулировочного винта 20 на 396^о, т.е. на 1,1 оборота.Given the fact that the cross-sectional area of the power frame is 9 F _s.r. = 2 ^{. (5.} 17) of 170 cm ² 170000 mm ^2, the frame length L _sr = 600 mm, and the cross-sectional area of the levers 4 and 5 F _lever. 7 ^. 17 119 cm ² 11900 mm ² and their length with contact parts L _lever. 600 mm with an elastic modulus of power steel parts E 2.1 ^. 10 ⁴ kgf / mm ² , then according to (4) they have

L

+

0.2
In order to set a preliminary decrease in the center-to-center distance from AB 'to AB, i.e. by Δ L 0.616 mm, it is necessary to use the wedge pair with a wedge angle α 10 ^о (tg α30 / 160 0.187) to move the axis of the pivot arm 4 by Δ L 0.616 mm, which is achieved by moving the adjusting screw 19 by
l _wedges

3.3 mm
For an adjusting screw 19 with an M20 x 3 thread, it is necessary from the nominal position of the levers 4 and 5, corresponding to the interaxal distance AB, by rotating the adjusting screw 20 to ensure the movement of the moving wedge 19 together with the carrier 15, the cylindrical support 14, the lever 4 with caliber 2 on the L _wedge . 3.3 mm by turning the adjusting screw 20 to ^about 396, i.e. 1.1 turns.

 The specified method of preliminary changing the center distance from AB 'to AB should be carried out after setting the levers 4 and 5 to the nominal position, when Δ L 0.

 This is ensured by the fact that instead of blank 1, a reference tile of 2 mm thickness is installed between the gauges 4 and 5, after which rotation of the adjusting screw 19 ensures that the levers 4 and 5 come closer to “bite” this tile, and the corresponding screw position is taken as the nominal (Δ L 0).

 Similarly, the device is configured for rolling blades on the edges of sheet blanks of other thicknesses (for example, for S 3, 4, 5 mm) and the mechanical properties of the starting material.

 Testing and implementation of the installation at one of the plants in the industry ensured high-quality, productive and virtually waste-free serial production of seven sizes of knives for cutting meat carcasses and poultry.

Claims (2)

 1. The method of rolling blades on sheet blanks, in which the linear dimensions of the blanks are measured, the deviations of the linear dimensions from the nominal ones are determined, the position of the blank relative to the calibers mounted on the rotary elements located in the base is adjusted, and plastic shaping is carried out, characterized in that it is previously determined the required rolling force by the action of the pressure elements on the rotary elements bearing calibers, in accordance with the required rolling force anovlennoe spacing pressing members reduce the amount of elastic deformation of the base and the rotary bearing members calibers adjustment position relative to the workpiece gages mounted on the rotary element disposed in the base, is carried out by increasing or reducing the amount of the axle distance deviations on the workpiece thickness value.  2. A device for rolling blades on sheet blanks, containing calibers placed opposite in the area of the pressure element on the pivoting arms, secured by articulated bearings on the base, characterized in that the base is made in the form of a closed power frame O shaped cross section, and the device is equipped with a node changes in the center distance between the hinge supports, made in the form of a wedge pair placed in the cavity of the power frame behind one of the hinge supports relative to the axis of symmetry of the power frame.

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