EP1320119B1 - Détecteur de rayonnements ionisants et procédé de fabrication d'un tel détecteur - Google Patents

Détecteur de rayonnements ionisants et procédé de fabrication d'un tel détecteur Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1320119B1
EP1320119B1 EP02354190A EP02354190A EP1320119B1 EP 1320119 B1 EP1320119 B1 EP 1320119B1 EP 02354190 A EP02354190 A EP 02354190A EP 02354190 A EP02354190 A EP 02354190A EP 1320119 B1 EP1320119 B1 EP 1320119B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
tube
tubes
detector
wire
ionizing radiation
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP02354190A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP1320119A1 (fr
Inventor
Jean-Claude Buffet
Bruno Guerard
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
INSTITUT MAX VON LAUE - PAUL LANGEVIN
Original Assignee
INSTITUT MAX VON LAUE - PAUL LANGEVIN
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by INSTITUT MAX VON LAUE - PAUL LANGEVIN filed Critical INSTITUT MAX VON LAUE - PAUL LANGEVIN
Publication of EP1320119A1 publication Critical patent/EP1320119A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1320119B1 publication Critical patent/EP1320119B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J47/00—Tubes for determining the presence, intensity, density or energy of radiation or particles
    • H01J47/02—Ionisation chambers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J47/00—Tubes for determining the presence, intensity, density or energy of radiation or particles
    • H01J47/001—Details
    • H01J47/002—Vessels or containers

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of detectors for particles or ionizing radiation, and in particular neutron, ⁇ or X-ray detectors.
  • the figure 1 schematically represents the conventional structure of a cell 2 sensitive to ionizing radiation, using the same detection principle as the invention.
  • This cell comprises a conductive tube 4 filled with a gaseous mixture, sealed at its ends by insulating plugs 6.
  • a conductive wire 8 whose ends pass tightly through the plugs 6 is held taut at the center of the tube 4 by a spring 10 located inside the tube.
  • a positive electrical potential applied to the wire 8 by means of a measuring circuit 12 makes it possible to define inside the tube an electric field which is conducive to the drift and the amplification of electrons generated during the passage of the ionizing radiation. which strikes the tube in a direction substantially orthogonal to the axis of this tube.
  • a resistive wire is used in a case where it is desired to measure the position along the tube by division of charge.
  • the measurement circuit then comprises a reading electronics allowing a measurement of load signal amplitude at each end of the wire.
  • Another way of The so-called “counting" operation uses electronics based on comparing, with respect to a reference voltage, the signal measured at one end of the wire.
  • the gaseous mixture contained in the tube is intended to be ionized by the particles that are to be detected, either directly or after conversion into ionizing particles.
  • a CF 4 and He 3 mixture is used in which He 3 acts as a converter, and CF 4 as a stop gas for the two ionizing particles (proton and triton) emitted. after capture of a neutron by an atom of He 3 .
  • the tube 4 and the pressure at which the gaseous mixture is trapped are very variable.
  • the tube 4 may have a length of about one meter, a diameter of about 8 mm and a thickness of about 0.2 mm and the gaseous mixture can be trapped in the tube at a pressure of about 15 bars.
  • the realization of such a cell, which involves a perfectly sealed weld plugs 6 under high pressure, after positioning the wire, is particularly expensive. It is possible to provide individual filling means for each cell, but this creates an undesirable additional mechanical bulk.
  • the distance ⁇ existing between the inner wall of the tube 4 and the spring 10 determines the maximum electrical voltage or breakdown voltage that can be applied between the electrodes and the tube.
  • the uniformity of response of the cell is affected by the inaccuracy of centering the wire inside the tube, and such a centering of the wire is difficult to achieve by means of the spring 10.
  • the presence of the spring 10 in the tube and the difficulty of centering the wire 8 by means of the spring 10 limit the maximum amplification gain with which the detector can operate, which has direct consequences on detector performance (energy and position resolution).
  • An ionizing radiation detector is conventionally formed of several cells 2 whose tubes are juxtaposed and form a sensitive surface.
  • the operation of a cell depends on the quality and pressure of the gas mixture it contains.
  • it is difficult to manufacture several sensitive cells comprising the same gas mixture stable long-term and identical for all cells. It follows that no sensitive cell really has a functioning identical to the others.
  • An object of the present invention is to provide a simple and inexpensive assembly to make cells sensitive to ionizing radiation.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide such an assembly which is inexpensive to maintain.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide such an assembly composed of sensitive cells having a homogeneous operation.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide such an assembly comprising tubular sensitive cells of small diameter supporting a high amplification gain.
  • the present invention provides an ionizing radiation detector comprising a plurality of parallel conductor tubes containing a gaseous mixture under pressure, a conductive wire being tensioned in the center of each tube and adapted to be polarized relative thereto and comprising first and second sealed enclosures each having a wall with apertures in which are sealed the first and second ends of each tube, the ends of each tube being open.
  • a non-sealed centering means of the conductive wire is mounted at each end of each tube.
  • the wire is held taut at at least one end of each tube by means of a tensioning means disposed outside the tube.
  • the centering means comprises a cap of insulating material attached to the tube and provided with an axial bore for guiding the wire.
  • the cap of insulating material is traversed along the axis of revolution of the tube by a first cylindrical opening in which is slidably mounted a pod enclosing the end of the wire, the tensioning means resting on the cap of insulating material and biasing the lug towards the outside of the tube, a second opening through the cap of insulating material between the inside of the tube and the sealed chamber to which the tube is attached.
  • the ends of the tubes have a predetermined diameter smaller than the diameter of the body of the tubes, the openings of the walls in which are inserted the ends of two adjacent tubes being spaced apart by a space equal to the difference existing between the diameter of the end of the tubes and the diameter of the body of the tubes.
  • the present invention also provides a method of manufacturing an ionizing radiation detector comprising the steps of: inserting the first and second ends of a plurality of conductive tubes into apertures in a wall of a first and a second second sealed enclosures so that the tubes are arranged parallel; simultaneously or one after the other by welding each end of each tube into the opening in which said end is inserted, such that the inside of the tubes and the inside of the sealed enclosures are sealingly connected; and filling the sealed enclosures and tubes with a predetermined gas mixture at a predetermined pressure.
  • the figure 2 schematically represents a detector 14 according to the present invention, comprising a sensitive surface formed of a juxtaposition of tubular sensitive cells 16.
  • Each sensitive cell 16 comprises a conductive tube 18 whose one end passes through a metal wall 19 of a sealed enclosure 20 and whose second end passes through a wall 21 of a sealed enclosure 22.
  • the ends of the tubes 18 are welded to the walls 19 and 21 of the enclosures 20 and 22 in such a way that all the tubes 18 and the enclosures 20 and 22 can be filled with a gaseous mixture under pressure.
  • the ends of the tubes 18 have a diameter smaller than the diameter of the body of the tubes.
  • the openings of the walls 19 and 21 in which are inserted the ends of two adjacent tubes are spaced apart by a space equal to the difference between the diameter of the end of the tubes and the diameter of the body of the tubes. This space between two adjacent openings makes it easy to weld the ends of the tubes to the walls 19 and 21.
  • the enclosures 20 and 22, made of a conductive material, are secured by reinforcing bars 24 which ensure the rigidity of the assembly. without shielding the incident radiation on the tubes.
  • Each sensitive cell 16 comprises a conductive wire 26, resistive in the case of a version with longitudinal location, held taut at the center of the tube 18 by caps 28 and 29 respectively located at the ends of the tube 18 in the enclosures 20 and 22.
  • the caps 28 and 29 are further provided to provide communication between the speakers 20 and 22 and the tubes 18. At least one of the speakers 20 and 22 is connected means not shown for evacuating and bringing the gas mixture to the desired pressure.
  • the ends of the conductive wires 26 are connected to sealed electrical vias 30 disposed in the walls of the enclosures 20 and 22. These vias are connected to a measurement circuit 12 via appropriate connectors.
  • the manufacture of the detector is particularly simple.
  • the tubes 18 can be assembled without welding to the walls 19 and 21, for example by simple insertion into openings made for this purpose in these walls.
  • the tubes may all be welded to the walls 19 and 21 one after the other or all at once in an oven.
  • a variant of the present invention also provides for welding together the adjacent tubes, so as to stiffen the assembly of the tubes.
  • the simultaneous welding of all the tubes of a detector according to the present invention represents a saving of time and a particularly advantageous economy.
  • the walls 19 and 21 are connected to other elements to define the enclosures 20 and 22. The inside of the assembly is degassed and the desired gas mixture is introduced into the enclosures 20 and 22 and in the tubes 18.
  • the gaseous mixture contained in a detector according to the present invention can easily be changed.
  • the same detector filled with different gas mixtures can thus be used for the detection of several types of ionizing radiation.
  • a wall of each enclosure is removable so as to allow easy access to the son of sensitive cells, and thereby an easy and inexpensive replacement of a faulty or damaged wire.
  • a set of tubes according to the present invention constitutes a single mechanical block, which eliminates the assembly problems that arose with the individual tubes according to the prior art.
  • the figure 3 is an end of a tube 18 attached to an opening of the wall 19.
  • the wire 26 is held taut at the center of the tube 18 by a cap of insulating material 28 fixed to the end of the tube 18.
  • the cap 28 is crossed by the along the axis of revolution of the tube by a cylindrical opening 34 in which is slidably mounted a crimping lug 36.
  • the end of the wire 26 is crimped in the lug 36.
  • a spring 38 bears on the cap 28 and urges the lug 36 towards the outside of the tube so as to keep the wire 26 taut at the center of the tube.
  • An opening 40 passes through the cap 28 so as to communicate the gaseous mixture contained in the tube and in the enclosure 20 or 22.
  • the cap 29 attached to the end of the tube 18 fixed to the wall 21 has a structure identical to that of the figure 3 but does not include any spring 38.
  • the lug 36 bears directly on the cap 29.
  • the figure 4 very schematically shows a top view in section of the tubes 18 of the detector 14 of the figure 2 .
  • the tubes 18, contiguous, are arranged in a plane so that the sensitive surface of the detector is flat.
  • a detector according to the present invention may comprise a large number of tubes.
  • the present invention is susceptible of various variations and modifications that will occur to those skilled in the art.
  • the invention is described in relation to a detector whose sensitive surface is composed of sensitive cells arranged in a plane, but the skilled person will easily adapt the present invention to a detector whose sensitive cells are arranged otherwise .
  • the figure 5 represents by way of example a sectional top view of the tubes 18 of a detector according to an alternative embodiment of the present invention.
  • the tubes 18 are arranged parallel, in a non-contiguous manner, staggered in two parallel planes. Such an arrangement of the tubes makes it possible in particular to improve the detection efficiency. Since the tubes 18 are not contiguous, the diameter of the tubes 18 can be constant over their entire length.
  • the figure 6 is a sectional view of tubes 18 of a detector according to another embodiment of the present invention.
  • the tubes 18 are contiguous and arranged to form a substantially curved surface, for example in a circular arc.
  • the present invention has been described in relation to a detector comprising a group of tubes whose first and second ends are connected to first and second sealed enclosures, the sealed enclosures each comprising at least one sealed electrical bushing 30.
  • the figure 7 is a sectional view of a sealed enclosure 50 of a detector according to an alternative embodiment of the present invention.
  • the detector comprises a group of tubes 18 whose first ends are connected to a wall 48 of the enclosure 50.
  • the second ends of the tubes 18, not shown, are fixed to the wall of a sealed enclosure such that the enclosure 20 or 22 of the figure 2 .
  • the ends of the wires 26 located in adjacent tubes 18 are connected in pairs, from which it follows that the enclosure 50 does not have any sealed connector 30.
  • Such an embodiment makes it possible to divide by two the number of read channels of the measuring circuit 12, and to reduce the dead zone generated by one of the two speakers.
  • the figure 8 is a schematic sectional view of a tube of a sensitive sensor cell according to a variant of the present invention.
  • Several cathode wires 42 are stretched in each tube 18 parallel to the central anode wire 26, much closer to this wire than to the wall of the tube. For example, for a tube with a diameter of 2 to 3 cm, 2 to 3 mm from the anode wire.
  • the figure 8 is not carried out on a scale for the sake of clarity.
  • Six cathode wires have been represented in figure 8 but any appropriate number of cathode wires may be used.
  • the caps attached to the ends of the tubes will then comprise around their axial opening a ring of openings each intended to receive a conductive wire and the son can be held by crimping lugs as described above, which will achieve and simply maintain such a structure.
  • the cathode wires will be placed at an intermediate potential between that of the anode and that of the tube. There will thus exist a first electric field called drift between the wall and the cathode wires and a second so-called amplification field between the cathode wires and the anode wire.
  • the drift and amplification fields can be optimized independently, which reduces the electron collection time generated in the tube by radiation.
  • the cathode wires may be connected independently or in subgroups so as to provide a angular information on the location of generation of electrons.

Landscapes

  • Measurement Of Radiation (AREA)
  • Light Receiving Elements (AREA)
  • Electron Tubes For Measurement (AREA)
EP02354190A 2001-12-07 2002-12-06 Détecteur de rayonnements ionisants et procédé de fabrication d'un tel détecteur Expired - Lifetime EP1320119B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR0115898 2001-12-07
FR0115898A FR2833407B1 (fr) 2001-12-07 2001-12-07 Detecteur de rayonnements ionisants et procede de fabrication d'un tel detecteur

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1320119A1 EP1320119A1 (fr) 2003-06-18
EP1320119B1 true EP1320119B1 (fr) 2010-02-17

Family

ID=8870267

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP02354190A Expired - Lifetime EP1320119B1 (fr) 2001-12-07 2002-12-06 Détecteur de rayonnements ionisants et procédé de fabrication d'un tel détecteur

Country Status (6)

Country Link
US (1) US6891165B2 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
EP (1) EP1320119B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
JP (1) JP4110957B2 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
AT (1) ATE458262T1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
DE (1) DE60235342D1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
FR (1) FR2833407B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

Families Citing this family (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US7078704B2 (en) * 2003-05-23 2006-07-18 Proportional Technologies, Inc. Cylindrical ionization detector with a resistive cathode and external readout
US7335890B2 (en) * 2006-06-22 2008-02-26 General Electric Company Method and apparatus for detecting atomic particles
RU2339053C2 (ru) * 2006-12-06 2008-11-20 Объединенный Институт Ядерных Исследований Координатный газонаполненный детектор излучения
RU2329523C1 (ru) * 2006-12-12 2008-07-20 Российская Федерация, от имени которой выступает Государственный заказчик - Федеральное агентство по атомной энергии Детектор нейтронов
US7858949B2 (en) * 2008-07-18 2010-12-28 Brookhaven Science Associates, Llc Multi-anode ionization chamber
US7964852B2 (en) * 2009-09-18 2011-06-21 General Electric Company Neutron sensitivity using detector arrays
CN102565846B (zh) * 2011-12-30 2014-05-14 清华大学 蜂窝型热中子探测器
WO2017027679A1 (en) * 2015-08-11 2017-02-16 Douglas Scott Mcgregor Micro cavity fission chamber radiation detection system
JP6228340B1 (ja) * 2017-05-15 2017-11-08 東芝電子管デバイス株式会社 中性子位置検出器
RU184552U1 (ru) * 2018-06-27 2018-10-30 Федеральное государственное унитарное предприятие "Российский Федеральный Ядерный Центр - Всероссийский Научно-Исследовательский Институт Технической Физики имени академика Е.И. Забабахина" (ФГУП "РФЯЦ-ВНИИТФ им. академ. Е.И. Забабахина") Счетчик нейтронов

Family Cites Families (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2230329A1 (de) * 1972-06-21 1974-01-10 Siemens Ag Bildwandler
US4289967A (en) * 1980-05-23 1981-09-15 The United States Of America As Represented By The United States Department Of Energy Multianode cylindrical proportional counter for high count rates
US4684806A (en) * 1985-05-01 1987-08-04 Mitrofanov Nicholas M Rhenium lined Geiger-Mueller tube
DE19907042A1 (de) * 1999-02-19 2000-08-31 Gsf Forschungszentrum Umwelt Modularer Ionisationsdetektor
US6483114B1 (en) * 2000-03-20 2002-11-19 Proportional Technologies, Inc. Positron camera
SE519092C2 (sv) * 2001-06-13 2003-01-14 Xcounter Ab Detektion av joniserande strålning

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US20030150999A1 (en) 2003-08-14
US6891165B2 (en) 2005-05-10
JP2003207573A (ja) 2003-07-25
JP4110957B2 (ja) 2008-07-02
ATE458262T1 (de) 2010-03-15
FR2833407A1 (fr) 2003-06-13
EP1320119A1 (fr) 2003-06-18
DE60235342D1 (de) 2010-04-01
FR2833407B1 (fr) 2004-03-12

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