EP1314949B1 - Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Beurteilen von Richtfehlern eines Waffensystems und Verwendung der Vorrichtung - Google Patents

Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Beurteilen von Richtfehlern eines Waffensystems und Verwendung der Vorrichtung Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1314949B1
EP1314949B1 EP02022510A EP02022510A EP1314949B1 EP 1314949 B1 EP1314949 B1 EP 1314949B1 EP 02022510 A EP02022510 A EP 02022510A EP 02022510 A EP02022510 A EP 02022510A EP 1314949 B1 EP1314949 B1 EP 1314949B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
weapon
target
fire control
control unit
aiming
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP02022510A
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German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP1314949A1 (de
Inventor
Nicolas Dr. Malakatas
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Rheinmetall Air Defence AG
Original Assignee
Oerlikon Contraves AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
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Publication of EP1314949A1 publication Critical patent/EP1314949A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1314949B1 publication Critical patent/EP1314949B1/de
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F41—WEAPONS
    • F41G—WEAPON SIGHTS; AIMING
    • F41G3/00—Aiming or laying means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F41—WEAPONS
    • F41G—WEAPON SIGHTS; AIMING
    • F41G3/00—Aiming or laying means
    • F41G3/32—Devices for testing or checking
    • F41G3/323—Devices for testing or checking for checking the angle between the muzzle axis of the gun and a reference axis, e.g. the axis of the associated sighting device

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method according to claim 1 , a device according to claim 6 and a use of the device according to claims 14 to 16 .
  • Methods and devices of this type are used to ensure the accuracy of Assess weapon systems designed to combat rapidly moving targets, in general flight destinations.
  • Such weapon systems include a fire control device and one or more of them Guns assigned to fire control device.
  • the fire control device is designed to Detect, acquire and track target.
  • tracking When pursuing the goal, that is referred to as tracking will be practically ongoing, that in time very close measurement times, measurements taken to for to determine the location of the target at each measurement time.
  • One of the weapon system assigned data processing unit calculates retrospectively from the results of these measurements the state of movement of the target, including at least an empirical path / time function, an empirical speed / time function and understood an empirical acceleration / time function of the target become. Because of the distance / time function, the speed / time function and the acceleration / time function calculates the computing unit also the future state of motion of the target.
  • a due date is determined and an associated due date at which the target is due at the due date is expected.
  • the due date is determined in such a way that a floor, that was fired from the gun at a certain time is received at the due date at the due date or is simplified said the target hits.
  • the due position determined in this way is therefore the expected meeting point of target and floor.
  • the data processing unit also for the weapon or for the Gun barrel a target point at which the gun barrel at the time of launch of the projectile must be directed, or an azimuth and an elevation, which the gun barrel must have at the time of launch.
  • the reserve invoice becomes the relative positions of fire control device and weapon, the internal and external ballistics as well Delays in the functioning of the system included. Obviously is the time of firing when the weapon barrel is on the due position must be directed before the due date at which the Target is located at the due position.
  • the hit performance tested This essentially examines whether the processes between tracking the target and shooting a projectile as planned run, namely in such a way that the target and the floor meet at the due date the due position or at least in the immediate vicinity. It Various methods are known for determining directional errors. A realistic one Assessment of the target performance of a weapon system is only possible when the fight against a goal is either actually happening or realistic is simulated.
  • a precise assessment of the directional accuracy or an exact determination of directional errors can be done, for example, by actually targeting bombarded and the angular and / or distance-based storage of the floors from Destination to be determined during their flight.
  • the assessment of the accuracy is correct or the hit performance to a relatively narrow Time frame for the bombardment is limited, and it provides no clues about possible hits during the remaining period at which the target can be fought.
  • the goal is a manipulation target or exercise target used, which should behave at least approximately as those real targets that the weapon system is intended to combat.
  • Such Manipulation targets are unmanned.
  • self-flightable manipulation targets are known or drones, which can be remotely controlled, and on the other hand flightless manipulation targets, for example from a tow plane to be pulled.
  • War ammunition or training ammunition can be used as ammunition become.
  • Storage can be determined in two different ways: Either the path / time curves of the manipulation target as well as the Projectiles determined and from this the placement of the projectiles from the manipulation target determined; For example, the local area in which the manipulation target is located and projectiles hit, in the temporal range at which this meeting takes place, mapped, and the filing can be determined from this. Or it sensors are attached to the manipulation target, which point to those flying by Projectiles react.
  • the big disadvantage of this method is that it is very complex and expensive. Regardless of whether self-flightable or dragged manipulation targets are used, these manipulation targets themselves and either additional facilities for determining and measuring the Trajectories and for evaluating the measured values or facilities for processing the signals provided by the sensors required.
  • the tracking of the target i.e. tracking
  • the gun barrel is constantly on the Tracking the target in such a way that it is constantly aimed at the target.
  • the goal is not shot at, but a video camera mounted on the barrel takes pictures of the target. These images are visualized immediately or later.
  • the straightening line i.e. a straight line in the extension of the weapon barrel axis, is represented by a mark in the reproduced images. The mistake appears as a repository of the image of the target from this mark.
  • the goal that the Zero test can be a real target, so it is not shot at with bullets rather, the bombardment is simulated to a certain extent by optical rays; however, a beam is recorded and visualized during the simulation not from the weapon to the target but from the target to the weapon, which is the procedure is irrelevant.
  • the weapon hits the target immediately tracked, that is, azimuth and elevation are such that with perfect Alignment accuracy the weapon barrel is aimed precisely at the target; while visualizing the images from the video camera are always on the mark.
  • the accuracy of the alignment is not perfect, but certain alignment errors occur, the goal is to visualize the images from the video camera generally not on the mark.
  • the deviation of the target from the brand corresponds to the placement of the storeys from the target.
  • the zero test is based on fiction, that bullets without mass are used, that with infinite bullet speed go through their trajectory so the bullet flight time from the barrel to the target is zero, which also explains the term 'zero test' is. Provision and inclusion of interior ballistic sizes of the floors are by the data processing unit assigned to the weapon system is not included in the calculations of azimuth and elevation or the control of the weapon barrel included; within the fiction of infinite bullet speed they don't really matter.
  • the advantage of the zero test is in that the additional facilities required are not expensive, and that the test is easy to perform, so no specialized personnel must be used and not only on shooting ranges but can also take place in the field.
  • the simplifications that come with the zero test take place, that means hiding all the facts with the reserve calculation related, are also the disadvantages of the zero test.
  • the specified process steps can at least partially be interchanged Sequences are carried out.
  • the new method is very advantageous in many respects, in particular very inexpensive and easy to carry out, however like the conventional zero test, it is only one test procedure, the digestion gives about the totality of the directional errors. It therefore does not allow diagnoses about the causes of the directional errors. Corrections of the directional errors can therefore only by compensating for errors, but not by eliminating the causes of the errors be made. However, this does not reduce the value of the procedure, since ultimately only the effect of the weapon system is important and it is meaningless is whether the directional error is causally or compensatory switched off become.
  • the general aim is to that the target appears in the center of the image of the image display device.
  • the filing mark moves in the Environment of the target.
  • the filing mark can be understood as a visualization the fictitious projectiles in the respective surroundings of the target.
  • the simulating projectiles only takes into account the internal ballistics of corresponding projectiles. This makes sense because the method only uses the directional errors, ie only the internal behavior of the weapon system to be tested.
  • the calculation steps described above are carried out running and preferably clocked, which means that the calculation steps for the value pairs due dates / due positions Calculation times are carried out by very small and preferably equal time intervals are separated.
  • the image display device thus continuously shows the alignment errors of the weapon system for an entire target trajectory on.
  • Each due date is preferably based on a calculation date calculated and therefore generally does not coincide with any of the following Calculation times together.
  • the corresponding due position must therefore generally determined by an interpolation between due dates whose associated due dates are close to this calculation date lie.
  • the deviation of the locations must be used for the calculations of the fire control device and the weapon are taken into account.
  • the procedure can also be carried out when the weapon is relative to the fire control device moved, for example, is mounted on a moving tank. In In this case, the changing weapon position must be continuously measured and be included in the calculations.
  • the new procedure When assessing the results of the new procedure must be considered that the hit performance of a weapon system is generally rather better is due to the images appearing on the image display device would be suspected, firstly, because the anti-aircraft guns used as weapons usually have multiple gun barrels, secondly because in a weapon system a fire control device is usually assigned several weapons and third, because when shooting with real projectiles always with scatter to calculate.
  • the new procedure does not include outside ballistics, which can negatively affect the performance.
  • a image recording device arranged on the fire control device and one with the same Image recording device connected image display device and a data processing unit including software and connection devices needed.
  • the image display device connected to the image pickup device so that the recorded images can be played back immediately.
  • a video camera can be used as the image recording device.
  • the image recording device can be arranged temporarily or permanently on the fire control device his.
  • the data processing unit can generally be that of Weapon system associated data processing unit can be used. This The unit can only be attached to the fire control device or partly to the fire control device and partly arranged on the weapon itself. A separate and, if necessary, computer and / or storage unit used separate from weapon and fire control device that can be switched on as a module.
  • the relative location i.e. the distance and the Angular position, known between the weapon and fire control device and in the calculations be taken into account.
  • This relative location is what is called this relative location as gun parallax.
  • the relative location must be before the start of the Procedure to be determined.
  • a position measuring device is used to determine the relative position used. This can be a completely external one Device like a triangulation device or around an internal device of the weapon system or one that works with a GPS Trade facility.
  • the relative position between weapon and fire control device can also change, for example, when the weapon is on a moving vehicle, to Example is mounted on a tank while the fire control device is stationary.
  • the ongoing change in the relative position must be recorded and are continuously taken into account in the calculations that are carried out during implementation of the procedure.
  • the position measuring device can therefore not be purely external Be a facility.
  • the position measuring device is with the data processing system connected and the software must be trained to use the include ongoing changes in the relative position in the calculations of the method.
  • the new method is particularly suitable for assessing the alignment errors of Weapon systems with multiple weapons and a fire control device.
  • the directional errors of the different weapons can be visualized simultaneously and differentiated by assigning a separate token to each weapon, that differs from the other filing brands.
  • the invention is explained with reference to FIGS. 1 to 6 ; the processes at a time of calculation Tc are described. In reality, these calculations are carried out continuously or repeatedly in a large number of successive calculation times, and the image recording device also preferably operates continuously or repeatedly in a large number of recording moments.
  • Fig. 1 shows a weapon system that is to be checked for its accuracy or its aiming errors are to be determined.
  • the weapon system has a fire control device F and a weapon W with a weapon barrel B and directing means for aiming the weapon barrel B ; To simplify matters, it is assumed that the fire control device F and the weapon W are in the same position.
  • the weapon barrel axis and its extension beyond the gun barrel B is designated B.1 .
  • a data processing system EDV with the software S required for normal shooting operations is assigned to the weapon system.
  • An image recording device V, an image display device M and a computer unit with specific software S.1 are used to carry out the method according to the invention.
  • Modern weapon systems generally have an image recording device assigned to the fire control device or arranged on the fire control device and an associated image display device which are used for the new method.
  • the data processing system EDP assigned to the weapon system can be used as the computer unit; the specific software S.1 is then implemented in this data processing system EDP of the fire control device F.
  • the image recording device V is arranged on the fire control device F in such a way that it executes the track movements of the fire control device F following the target Z in solidarity with the fire control device F.
  • the image display device M is, for example, a monitor. It is connected to the image recording device V and is intended to make the images recorded by the image recording device M visible.
  • the computer unit can be integrated in the data processing system EDP of the weapon system; In general, the function of the computer unit is performed by the data processing system EDP of the weapon system, which is already present, so that only the specific software S.1 is additionally required.
  • FIG. 1 further shows a target Z, which takes the position Pc at the time Tc .
  • the target Z moves on a target trajectory;
  • a first section of the target trajectory z- which was flown before the time Tc , is shown by a solid line, while that section of the target trajectory z +, which will presumably be flown after the time Tc , is shown by a dashed line ;
  • a dash-dotted line represents the target trajectory z + eff which is actually flown through after the time Tc but is not yet known at the time Tc .
  • the target Z is tracked or tracked by the fire control device F , and the state of movement of the target Z is determined.
  • the target Z had the position Pa at the time Ta and the position Pb at the time Tb .
  • a data processing unit data processing, which is associated with the weapons system calculates the time Tc retrospectively the state of motion of the target Z, which for the target trajectory - includes, up to the time Tc.
  • a reserve calculation is carried out in a manner known per se.
  • the data processing unit EDP uses extrapolation to calculate the expected future movement state of the target Z, to which the target trajectory z + corresponds.
  • a so-called due date T * and an associated due date P * are determined such that a projectile G, which would be fired from a weapon barrel B of a weapon W at the instant Tc , would arrive at the due date P * at the due date T * .
  • the floor speed and the internal ballistics of floor P are included in the calculation.
  • the target Z is expected in the vicinity of the corresponding due position P * .
  • the target Z probably does not exactly reach the expected due position because its actual state of motion or its target trajectory z + eff is generally not the same as the calculated state of motion or the calculated target trajectory z + .
  • the reserve calculation is ongoing.
  • the value pair P * / T * determined for each due date T * and the associated due positions P * of the target Z is stored in a memory of the data processing unit EDV in a kind of table.
  • This table is continuously updated on the basis of further determinations of movement states of the target Z flying further on the target trajectory z + eff .
  • the weapon barrel B is aimed at the due position P * .
  • the due date T * will not exactly coincide with a calculation date. In this case, the calculation date immediately following the due date T * is used as the due date.
  • the due position associated at this point in time is then determined by interpolation between the pair of values T *; P * and a pair of values adjacent to it are determined from the stored value pairs of due positions and due dates. If a real projectile G were fired at this due position P * at the time Tc , it would fly along a projectile trajectory g and would arrive at the due position P * at the due date T * . The target Z is at the due date T * in the area A of this due position P *, so that a hit would almost certainly have occurred if the projectile G had actually been shot down.
  • the current aiming of the weapon barrel B at the respective due position does not take place at the beginning of the projectile flight duration and for the purpose of firing a projectile as when shooting, but only at the end of the projectile flight duration and thus at the corresponding due date.
  • the weapon W continuously transmits to the data processing system EDV data describing the position that the weapon barrel B assumes from the point of view of the weapon W at the respective due date T * , i.e. data or a direction ⁇ eff which shows the actual position of the weapon barrel B at the due date T. * describe.
  • the data processing system EDV calculates, taking into account the position of the target Z and the deviation of the position of the fire control device F and weapon W, the theoretically correct view from the weapon W towards the target Z at the due date T * , i.e. data or a direction ⁇ *, which describe the target position of the weapon barrel B at the due date T * .
  • the difference between ⁇ eff and ⁇ * is then calculated, from which an angle is obtained which is referred to as the directional error ⁇ .
  • the directional error ⁇ is determined by its horizontal and vertical components with respect to the direction of view of the weapon W at the target Z.
  • the directional error ⁇ is continuously made visible on the image display device M , as shown in FIG. 2 ;
  • a deposit mark Y is visualized, the deposit b of which, from a reference point 0, reproduces the directional error p to scale in its horizontal and vertical component with respect to the direction of view of the weapon W at the target Z ;
  • the center of the image is generally used as the reference point 0 , and the scale used corresponds to the field of view of the image recording device.
  • the image pickup device V a picture is taken of the target Z and also visualized by using the image reproduction apparatus V.
  • the image of the actual target Z and the target error representing storage brand Y are thus continuously visible simultaneously.
  • the target Z is generally tracked by the fire control device F in such a way that the target Z on the reproduced image falls at least approximately on the reference point 0 .
  • the storage mark Y can then be interpreted as the floor G or as the end of the floor trajectory g , so that the representation of the alignment error ⁇ is very clear. Since the various steps of the method are carried out continuously, the deposit mark Y generally moves in the area of the visualized target Z.
  • a position measuring device FW this can be an internal position measuring device of the weapon system or a completely external position measuring device.
  • fire control device F or its search and track unit, is effective in area C and target Z is in position Pc.
  • the weapon barrel B would be aimed at the due position P * if it were intended to fire a projectile G ; this projectile G would still be in the weapon barrel B at the beginning of its projectile trajectory g it would fly through.
  • the target Z is near the due position P * and the weapon barrel B is aimed at the due position P * .
  • the directional error is shown in Fig. 4 as an angle ⁇ .
  • the weapon system W has an internal position measuring device WF or a position measuring device WF which interacts with a GPS and is connected to the data processing system EDV .
  • the software S.1 is designed to include the ongoing change in the distance d and the angular position ⁇ between the weapon W and the fire control device F in the calculations.
  • FIG. 5 shows a further weapon system, which comprises the fire control device F, the weapon W and an additional weapon W ' .
  • the method according to the invention takes place here as follows: All steps which only concern the target Z or the movements of the target Z are valid both for the weapon W and for the weapon W ' . All calculations relating to either weapon W or weapon W ' are performed separately. In particular, the target trajectories z-, z + are determined for the target Z. Taking into account the positions of the weapons W and W ' , the due dates T * and T *' and the associated due positions P * c, P * 'are determined and the weapons W and W' are directed accordingly.
  • the actual direction and the desired direction of the weapon barrel B or the directions ⁇ eff and ⁇ *, each from the point of view of the weapon W, and their difference, that is to say the directional error ⁇ , are determined.
  • W ' , ⁇ eff ', ⁇ * ' and ⁇ ' are determined for the weapon in the same way.
  • On the monitor M is shown in FIG. 7 of the pointing error ⁇ of the weapon W and the pointing error ⁇ 'of the further weapon W' is illustrated, wherein the further weapon W 'is a tray brand Y' associated with that the shape and / or color of Filing mark Y differs.
  • the deposit marks Y, Y ' migrate in the vicinity of the reference point 0 or the target Z; with Y1, Y2 the filing mark Y is shown in later times, with Y1 ', Y2' the filing mark Y ' in later times.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Aiming, Guidance, Guns With A Light Source, Armor, Camouflage, And Targets (AREA)
  • Investigating Or Analysing Biological Materials (AREA)
  • Radar Systems Or Details Thereof (AREA)
EP02022510A 2001-11-23 2002-10-07 Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Beurteilen von Richtfehlern eines Waffensystems und Verwendung der Vorrichtung Expired - Lifetime EP1314949B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CH21682001 2001-11-23
CH21682001 2001-11-23

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1314949A1 EP1314949A1 (de) 2003-05-28
EP1314949B1 true EP1314949B1 (de) 2004-12-08

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EP02022510A Expired - Lifetime EP1314949B1 (de) 2001-11-23 2002-10-07 Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Beurteilen von Richtfehlern eines Waffensystems und Verwendung der Vorrichtung

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Country Link
US (1) US6739233B2 (ko)
EP (1) EP1314949B1 (ko)
KR (1) KR100928754B1 (ko)
AT (1) ATE284526T1 (ko)
AU (1) AU2002301625B2 (ko)
CA (1) CA2408888C (ko)
DE (1) DE50201716D1 (ko)
ES (1) ES2232706T3 (ko)
NO (1) NO325943B1 (ko)
SG (1) SG106108A1 (ko)
ZA (1) ZA200208622B (ko)

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RU2784528C1 (ru) * 2021-11-19 2022-11-28 Юрий Иванович Малов Система прицеливания оружия

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CA2408888A1 (en) 2003-05-23
CA2408888C (en) 2009-08-04
NO20025617L (no) 2003-05-26
ZA200208622B (en) 2003-05-19
NO325943B1 (no) 2008-08-25
ATE284526T1 (de) 2004-12-15
SG106108A1 (en) 2004-09-30
ES2232706T3 (es) 2005-06-01
KR100928754B1 (ko) 2009-11-25
US6739233B2 (en) 2004-05-25
EP1314949A1 (de) 2003-05-28
NO20025617D0 (no) 2002-11-22
US20030140774A1 (en) 2003-07-31
KR20030043680A (ko) 2003-06-02
AU2002301625B2 (en) 2008-06-26
DE50201716D1 (de) 2005-01-13

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