Classifications

• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A47—FURNITURE; DOMESTIC ARTICLES OR APPLIANCES; COFFEE MILLS; SPICE MILLS; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
  • A47K—SANITARY EQUIPMENT NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; TOILET ACCESSORIES
  • A47K11/00—Closets without flushing; Urinals without flushing; Chamber pots; Chairs with toilet conveniences or specially adapted for use with toilets
  • A47K11/02—Dry closets, e.g. incinerator closets
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
  • C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
  • C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
  • C05F17/90—Apparatus therefor
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
  • C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
  • C05F3/00—Fertilisers from human or animal excrements, e.g. manure
  • C05F3/04—Fertilisers from human or animal excrements, e.g. manure from human faecal masses
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
  • Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
  • Y02A40/20—Fertilizers of biological origin, e.g. guano or fertilizers made from animal corpses
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02A50/00—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE in human health protection, e.g. against extreme weather
  • Y02A50/30—Against vector-borne diseases, e.g. mosquito-borne, fly-borne, tick-borne or waterborne diseases whose impact is exacerbated by climate change
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
  • Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
  • Y02P20/141—Feedstock
  • Y02P20/145—Feedstock the feedstock being materials of biological origin
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
  • Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
  • Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse

Definitions

• the present invention relates to a toilet block for at least one composting toilet of the type which comprises a toilet bowl and, situated below the latter, a holder for receiving night-soil delivered via the toilet bowl and for removing completely or partially broken down night-soil.
• the invention relates in particular to such a toilet block which can be prefabricated and easily transported to and assembled at the intended place of use.
• Composting toilets of the type indicated above have been known for a long time and, from the environmental point of view, represent a much better alternative for dealing with night-soil than the water-flushing systems commonly used today, which pose a serious and increasing risk to the environment.
• a starting bed made up of compost earth containing the necessary microorganisms and worms is expediently spread out on the bottom of the holder, which can comprise one or more weakly inclined surfaces.
• the main purpose of the inclined surfaces is to lead liquid, especially urine, which is separated from the night- soil, to an outlet opening provided with a screen.
• the bottom of the holder can also be completely flat, in which case, if so desired, the entire holder can be inclined.
• the holder can be designed and arranged in such a way that night-soil can drop in different heaps onto the bottom by means of the holder being displaced and/or turned to different positions.
• the toilet block can also be provided with several toilet bowls for delivering night-soil in different heaps into the holder.
• composting toilets are described in which the night-soil is collected in sealable plastic sacks, which are expediently drained. This means that the night-soil can be dealt with completely sealed off from the environment and placed in a depot for subsequent composting.
• the holder can also be designed in the form of a thin-walled plastic holder which is supported by an outer support structure and can be provided with a cover during periods when it is not in use and during transport to a depot.
• a stationary holder for example made of plastic or stainless steel, from which ready-mixed compost earth can be removed at certain intervals.
• toilet installations for use in the situations mentioned above is that they must be able to be set up easily and quickly on site without specially trained work forces and ' that they must be easy to transport to the intended ' place of use. Moreover, they must be able to be stored with effective use of the available space.
• a main object of the present invention is to make available a toilet block which is- intended especially for composting toilets, is very ' easy to assemble and can be stored and transported in a manner which saves space .
• the basis of the invention is the realization that the abovementioned aims can be achieved by prefabricating a toilet block in the form of two parts which can be arranged one inside the other during storage and transport, enclosing a free space in which the components necessary for a functioning toilet can be stored, and which housing . parts can form the final toilet block by being placed one on the other.
• a first embodiment of a toilet block of the type mentioned in the opening paragraph is that the toilet block is prefabricated and designed in two parts in the form of an upper part, which is intended to accommodate at least one toilet bowl and possibly wash-basins and showers, and which is provided with a roof, external walls and at least one access door, and a lower part which is intended to accommodate a holder for receiving and composting night-soil delivered via a toilet .
• the bowl in the upper part and possibly a water heater and a water pump, and which is designed with external walls with at least one port opening for removing and introducing the composting holder in the lower part, and a flat ceiling, that the upper part has no floor and has dimensions which are such that it can be lowered over the lower part in a position for transport and storage, and that, when the toilet block is being installed at the intended place of use, the upper part can be lifted up and secured relative to the lower part in a raised position in which the ceiling of the lower part becomes the floor of the upper part.
• the upper house part is intended, in the position for transport and storage, to be lowered into the lower part,' which in this case has no ceiling, and the upper part is provided with a floor which, when the upper part is in the raised position, forms a ceiling for the lower part.
• the toilet block can be set up on site in a very simple way, by the upper part being lifted up, for example by means of jacks which are included with it, and being placed on the lower part. Included toilet bowls, dividing walls, and possibly wash-basins and showers can then be' fitted in the upper part.
• At least that toilet block part which is located on the outside in the position for transport and storage is made of profiled steel plate and has the form of a freight container of standard dimensions .
• the two toilet block parts are expediently locked together and are provided with lifting means ' which allow the toilet block parts to be lifted and maneuvered as a single unit. This means that the toilet block can be handled as a standard freight container during storage, which considerably reduces transport costs.
• the lower part can comprise .a number of lifting means, preferably screw jacks, by means of- which the upper part can be lifted in relation to the lower part, in order thereafter to be locked in the lifted position by suitable locking means.
• lifting means preferably screw jacks
• Fig. 1 illustrates the two prefabricated toilet block- parts separate from each other.
• Fig. 2 shows the toilet block parts according to Fig. 1 in the position for storage and transport.
• Fig. 3 illustrates a toilet block according to the invention in the assembled state.
• Fig. 4 is a horizontal section through the upper toilet block part according to .Fig. 3.
• Fig. 5 is a vertical section through the assembled toilet block according to Fig. 3.
• reference number 1 designates an upper toilet block part and reference number 2 designates a lower toilet block part of a toilet block according to the invention.
• the two toilet block parts are preferably made of profiled steel plate in the form of freight containers with standard dimensions.
• the upper part is designed with a roof 3, which can be substantially plane, inclined or, for example, in the form of a saddle roof, and also external walls 4.
• the long sides are provided with doors 5 for access to. the toilet cubicles lying inside.
• the upper part 1 has no floor.
• the lower part 2 is designed with a flat ceiling 6 with openings 7 for connection of toilet bowls, which are subsequently placed in the upper part 1, and external walls 8 of which, in this embodiment, an end wall is provided with a port 9 which permits introduction and removal of a composting holder 10 which is arranged in the lower part and receives and composts night-soil delivered via toilet bowls in the upper part.
• the holder 10 is provided with wheels 11 to make it easier to introduce and remove the holder, and to change its position in the lower part 2 in order to vary the drop location of night-soil from the different toilet bowls in the upper part .
• the dimensions of the upper part 1 correspond to the standard dimensions of a freight container, while the dimensions of the lower part 2 are slightly smaller, so that in a position for storage and transport- the upper part 1 can be lowered like a hood over the lower part 2, which is thus accommodated in the upper part 1, see Fig. 2.
• the upper part 1 is provided with holes 12 at its lower corners, and the lower part 2 is designed with corresponding holes 13 and 14 at its lower and upper corners.
• cotters 15 are inserted through the opposite lower holes 12 and 13 in the upper part 1 and lower part 2, respectively, in order to lock these parts together so that during storage and transport they can be lifted and maneuvered as a single conventional freight container.
• the upper part is in this case expediently provided with lifting eye bolts (not shown) or the like. This type of freight container can be carried very economically by lorry, train, boat' or airplane.
• the cotters 15 are removed, after which the upper part 1 is lifted to .a position in which the ceiling 6 of the lower part 2 forms a floor in the upper part 1.
• the upper part is locked securely in this position with the aid - of cotters which are introduced through the holes 12 in the upper part 1 and the upper holes 14 in- the lower part 2.
• the upper part 1 can be lifted using an external arrangement, for example a lifting crane, or alternatively by means of jacks.
• the lower part 2 is provided at its corners with individual screw jacks (not shown) which can be used for lifting the upper part .
• the toilet block is ready to be completed with other fixtures. These have been transported in the lower part 2 serving as freight container.
• Fig. 1 only the composting holder • 10 is illustrated,, and toilet bowls 16 which are fitted in the latter and are to be lifted out and placed over the openings 7 in the ceiling 6- of the lower part, which now forms the floor iri the upper part 1.
• the lower part is also used to transport intermediate walls intended for the upper part, said walls preferably being collapsible, and optionally also washbasins and shower arrangements, if these are to be fitted in the upper part, and also the necessary hoses, couplings and outlet pipes .
• a water pump and/or pressure., tank and a water heater can also be provided, if appropriate.
• the toilet block parts can be designed in such a way that, in the position for storage and transport, the lower part .2 forms the outer part of the freight container with standard dimensions.
• the lower part 2 in this case has no ceiling, while the upper part 1 is instead designed with a floor having openings for connection of toilet bowls.
• the dimensions of the upper part 1 are in this case slightly .smaller than those of the lower part, so that the upper part can be lowered into the lower part. Otherwise, the function is the same as that described above.
• the toilet block is shown in the assembled position on flat ground, with stairs 17 leading up to in front of access doors on decks 18 located on the long ⁇ sides of the upper part 1.
• the stairs 17 can be omitted if the housing is for example placed on sloping terrain, so that the lower part 2 forms a "basement”.
• the holder 10 is provided with an outlet pipe 19 for excess ⁇ liquid, which in this case is delivered to a holder 20.
• the amount of excess liquid can be reduced to a minimum or possibly completely eliminated. This can be achieved if the composting installation is designed and operated as has been described in my Swedish patent application No. 0003057-7.
• Waste water from possible wash-basins and showers is conveyed out via separate lines for suitable handling, for example infiltration into the surrounding ground.
• Fig. 4 illustrates an example of a solution for the layout of a toilet block according to the invention.
• the block is divided into six separate toilet cubicles 24 by means of dividing walls 25 which have been stored in the lower part during transport.
• the toilet cubicles also have space for wash-basins. If so desired, one or more of the toilet cubicles can be used as shower rooms .
• Fig. 5 is a cross-sectional view through the toilet block according to Fig. 3. It will be seen that the upper part 1 is secured relative to the lower part 2 •with the aid of cotters 21 which are inserted through corresponding . holes in the lower corners of the upper part and the upper corners of the lower part.
• the holder 10 intended to receive- night-soil is pressed against the ceiling 6 of the lower part with the aid of lifting means 22. When replacing the holder 10 or changing its position, it is lowered, after which it can be easily maneuvered by means of bearing wheels 11.
• rows of heaps 23 of night-soil are formed in the holder 10.
• its volume can be used to the' maximum extent, since the night-soil in some heaps comes to rest with continued break-down and reduction of its volume, while fresh night-soil is delivered in other heaps. This is described in my patent applications mentioned above.
• the toilet block can ⁇ thus be designed both with more or fewer toilet cubicles and for one or more composting holders .
• the important point is that the toilet block must be easy to assemble and disassemble as it can then be re-used in different places and can be transported and stored in a space- saving manner.

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• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
• Organic Chemistry (AREA)
• Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
• Biochemistry (AREA)
• Biotechnology (AREA)
• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Microbiology (AREA)
• Molecular Biology (AREA)
• Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
• Public Health (AREA)
• Non-Flushing Toilets (AREA)
• Residential Or Office Buildings (AREA)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Publications (1)

Family

ID=20280864

Family Applications (1)

Country Status (5)

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• 2000
  • 2000-09-01 SE SE0003097A patent/SE515854C2/sv not_active IP Right Cessation
• 2001
  • 2001-08-29 EP EP20010963648 patent/EP1313393A1/de not_active Withdrawn
  • 2001-08-29 WO PCT/SE2001/001834 patent/WO2002017764A1/en active Application Filing
  • 2001-08-29 US US10/362,285 patent/US20040040081A1/en not_active Abandoned
  • 2001-08-29 AU AU2001284578A patent/AU2001284578A1/en not_active Abandoned

Non-Patent Citations (1)

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